TARGET SKILLS

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

q compare and differentiate ratio and rate; and
q solve problems involving ratio and rate

MOTIVATION
This is a preparation for the Performance Task.

The teacher will divide the class into 8 groups. Each group will come up witht the
name of their start up business and choose three (3) types of food or drink that
they will sell.

BUILD YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Observe the following situations:

1.Comparing the number of bags with defect to the number of bags without defect
2.Comparing the distance traveled in kilometers to the liters of gasoline used

Note: The first situation is a comparison of two quantities of the same kind (ratio).
On the other hand, the second situation is a comparison of two quantities of
different kinds (rate).

DEFINITION:
A ratio is a comparison of two numbers or quantities using division. A ratio of a
to b can be written in two ways.

a. as a : b, where the symbol “:” is read as “is to”; or

�
b. , � ≠ 0 (fractional notation)
�

The order by which the numbers are written in ratio form is important. The result
of the comparison using ratio is a number without a unit.

Example 1:
A factory in Bataan produces 1500 bags a day. The ratio of the number of bags
without defect to the number of bags with defect is 7:3.

a) What is the ratio of the number of bags without defect to the total number of
bags produced?
b) How many bags are produced without defect in a day?
c) What is the ratio of the number of bags with defect to the total number of bags
produced?
d) How many bags are produced with defect in a day?

1
Solution:
a) What is the ratio of the number of bags without defect to the total number of bags
produced?
7
The ratio 7 is to 3 (7:3 or ) indicates that for every 7 + 3 = 10 bags, there are 7 bags
3
without defect.
∴ The ratio of the number of bags without defect to the total number of bags produced
7
is 7 : 10 or .
10

b.) How many bags are produced without defect in a day?

The ratio of the number of bags without defect to the total number of bags produced is
7 7
7 : 10 or , thus (1500) = 1050 bags are produced without defect in a day.
10 10

c.) What is the ratio of the number of bags with defect to the total number of bags
produced?
7
The ratio 7 is to 3 (7:3 or ) indicates that for every 7 + 3 = 10 bags, there are 3 bags
3
with defect.
∴ The ratio of the number of bags with defect to the total number of bags produced is
3
3 : 10 or .
10

d) How many bags are produced with defect in a day?

The ratio of the number of bags with defect to the total number of bags produced is
3 3
3 : 10 or , thus (1500) = 450 bags are produced with defect in a day.
10 10

Example 2:
Since a ratio is a fraction, you can reduce a ratio to its lowest term. Such ratios of the same
value are called equivalent or equal ratios. Reduce the following to its lowest term.
1 2 2 1
a) 56 : 4 b.) : c.) 0.06 : 0.15 d.) 20 : 180 e.) 1 :
2 5 3 4

Solution:

a.) 56 : 4
56
The ratio 56 : 4 can be written as . The greatest common factor between 56 and 4 is 4.
4
56 14(4) 14
= = �� 14
4 1(4) 1
∴ The 56 : 4 is equivalent to 14 : 1 in its lowest term.

1 2
b.) :
2 5
To simply a ratio involving rational numbers, multiply each of the quantities by the LCM
(least common multiple) of their denominators.
The LCM of 2 and 5 is 10. Hence,
1 2 1 2
: → (10) : (10) → 5 : 4
2 5 2 5
1 2
∴ The : is equivalent to 5 : 4 in its lowest term.
2 5

c.) 0.06 : 0.15

When a ratio is in decimal form, write its equivalent form without the decimals then reduce
the ratio as needed. The ratio 0.06 : 0.15 may be cleared of decimals by multiplying both
the numerator and denominator by 100. That is,
0.06 0.06 100 6 2
= ∙ = ��
0.15 0.15 100 15 5
2
∴ The 0.06 : 0.15 is equivalent to or 2 : 5.
5

2
 2 1
b.) 1 :
3 4
The LCM of 3 and 4 is 12. Hence,
2 1 5 1 5 1
1 : → : → (12) : (12) → 20 : 3
3 4 3 4 3 4
2 1
∴ The 1 : is equivalent to 20 : 3 in its lowest term.
3 4

Example 3:

What could be the meaning of the following ratios?

a) 2 undelivered products to 10 deliveries of products
b) 10 tax payers to 1 tax evader
c) 48 students to 1 teacher

Solution:

RATIO SYMBOL MEANING

2 undelivered products is to 2 : 10 or 1 : 5 or
1 ü There are 2 undelivered
5
10 deliveries of products products in every 10 deliveries.
ü The number of undelivered
1
products is times the total
5
deliveries.
1 tax evader to 10 tax 1 : 10 or
1 ü There is one tax evader in
10
payers every 10 tax payers.
ü The number of tax evaders is
1
times the number of tax
10
payers.

Try to interpret the meaning of the third ratio.

Example 4:
Maria works 12 days in a month while Tony works three weeks in a month. What is the
ratio of the number of days that Maria works as compared with the number of days that
Tony works?

Solution:

Express the two quantities in the same unit. Hence,

12 days - number of days Maria works for in a month

3 weeks or 3 x 7 = 21 days - number of days Tony works for in a month

12 ���� 12 ���� 4
= = �� 4: 7
3 ����� 21 ���� 7

∴ The ratio of the number of days that Maria works as compared with the number of days
4
that Tony works is 4 : 7. This means that the number of days that Maria works is times
7
the number of days that Tony works.

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 DEFINITION:
A rate is a ratio that compares different kinds of units. It is a ratio used as a form of
measurement. A unit rate is a rate that has a denominator of 1; that is, a rate for one unit
of a given quantity.

Example 5:
Supposed you traveled a distance of 120 kilometers on 13 liters of gas. What is the ratio of
kilometers to liters and its corresponding unit rate?

Solution:

. The unit rate is 9.23 kilometers liter.

120 km
The ratio of kilometers to liters is
13 liters

Example 6:
If 12 prints of pictures cost Php 360, what is the unit cost of a print of pictures?

Solution:
The unit cost or price is the ratio of the number of prints to the cost. Hence,
�ℎ� 360 �ℎ� 30
=
12 ������ 1 �����

∴ The unit cost is Php 30 per print.

Example 7:
You plan to give presents to your loyal customers. When you go shopping, you find the
same items packaged in various sizes or quantities. Which of the following is the better buy?

a.) Find the better buy: 6 T-shirts for Php 750 or 10 T-shirts for Php 1150.
b.) Find the better buy: 12 notebooks for Php 860 or 20 notebooks for Php 1,400.

Solution:
a.) The unit price for Php 750/6 T-shirts is Php 125 per T-shirt. On the otherhand, the unit
price for Php 1,150/10 T-shirts is Php 115 per T-shirt.

∴ The better buy is the 10 T-shirts for Php 1,150.

b.) The unit price for Php 860/12 notebooks is Php 71.67 per notebook while Php 1,400 for
20 notebooks gives Php 70 per notebook.

∴ The better buy is the 20 notebooks for Php 1,400.

Note: The item with a lesser unit price is a better buy.

PRACTICE ACTIVITY

A. Firm Up B (page 67)

Write each ratio in lowest term.
1.) 76:60 2.) 28:36 3.) 72:54 4.) 45:81 5.) 121:132

B. Firm Up C (page 67)

Convert the following to the same unit of measure and write the ratio in lowest term:
1.) 40 minutes to 2.5 hours 2.) 15 weeks to 2 years 3.) 20 hours to 1.5 days
4.) 35 centimeters to 1 meter 5.) 250 grams to 3 kilograms

C. Deepen Your Understanding C (page 68)

Find the unit rate in each of the following.
1.) 6 books for Php 1050 2.) 10 tickets for Php 1000 3.) Php 960 for 4 rides
4.) 16 columns on 4 pages 5.) 192 prints in 8 rolls

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 SUMMARY OF KEY IDEAS

q A ratio is a comparison of two numbers, using division. It is indicated quotient of

two quantities of the same kind, expressed in the same unit of measure.
q The order by which numbers are written in ratio form is important. The result of the
comparison using ratio is a number without a unit.
q Equivalent or equal ratios are ratios with the same value.
q A rate is a ratio that compares different kinds of units.
q A unit rate is a rate that has a denominator of 1; that is, a rate for one unit of a
given quantity.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Refer to your Business Mathematics book and answer the following:

1) Deepen Your Understanding A (page 68)

2) Deepen Your Understanding B (page 68)
3) Challenge Yourself A (page 69)
4) Challenge Yourself B (page 69)

Let’s Go Beyond!

Get ready for some Kahoot Game to practice what you know!