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    4 - What Are Human Rights

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    Elena Luca
    Human rights are inherent to all humans, regardless of personal attributes. They include civil/political rights like freedom of expression as well as economic/social/cultural rights like education. All human rights are universal, indivisible, interdependent and equal for all. States have obligations to respect, protect, and fulfill these rights for individuals and to not discriminate. The key principles of universality, inalienability, interdependence and non-discrimination are cornerstones of international human rights law.

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    4 - What Are Human Rights

    Uploaded by

    Elena Luca
    45 views1 page
    Human rights are inherent to all humans, regardless of personal attributes. They include civil/political rights like freedom of expression as well as economic/social/cultural rights like education. All human rights are universal, indivisible, interdependent and equal for all. States have obligations to respect, protect, and fulfill these rights for individuals and to not discriminate. The key principles of universality, inalienability, interdependence and non-discrimination are cornerstones of international human rights law.

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    Human rights are inherent to all humans, regardless of personal attributes. They include civil/political rights like freedom of expression as well as economic/social/cultural rights like education. All human rights are universal, indivisible, interdependent and equal for all. States have obligations to respect, protect, and fulfill these rights for individuals and to not discriminate. The key principles of universality, inalienability, interdependence and non-discrimination are cornerstones of international human rights law.

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    45 views1 page

    4 - What Are Human Rights

    Uploaded by

    Elena Luca
    Human rights are inherent to all humans, regardless of personal attributes. They include civil/political rights like freedom of expression as well as economic/social/cultural rights like education. All human rights are universal, indivisible, interdependent and equal for all. States have obligations to respect, protect, and fulfill these rights for individuals and to not discriminate. The key principles of universality, inalienability, interdependence and non-discrimination are cornerstones of international human rights law.

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     Read attentively the text What are human rights? Prepare it for consecutive interpreting.

     Identify the key words.


     Pick all vocabulary units from the subject field of law and human rights. Be sure to be able to explain
    each unit. Find their Romanian counterparts.
     Explain the difference: right, freedom, liberty.
    What are human rights?
    Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, whatever our nationality, place of residence, sex, national
    or ethnic origin, colour, religion, language, or any other status. We are all equally entitled to our human rights
    without discrimination. These rights are all interrelated, interdependent and indivisible.
    Universal human rights are often expressed and guaranteed by law, in the forms of treaties, customary
    international law, general principles and other sources of international law. International human rights law lays
    down obligations of Governments to act in certain ways or to refrain from certain acts, in order to promote and
    protect human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups.
    Universal and inalienable
    The principle of universality of human rights is the cornerstone of international human rights law. This
    principle, as first emphasized in the Universal Declaration on Human Rights in 1948, has been reiterated in
    numerous international human rights conventions, declarations, and resolutions. The 1993 Vienna World
    Conference on Human Rights, for example, noted that it is the duty of States to promote and protect all human
    rights and fundamental freedoms, regardless of their political, economic and cultural systems. 
    All States have ratified at least one, and 80% of States have ratified four or more, of the core human rights
    treaties, reflecting consent of States which creates legal obligations for them and giving concrete expression to
    universality. Some fundamental human rights norms enjoy universal protection by customary international law
    across all boundaries and civilizations.
    Human rights are inalienable. They should not be taken away, except in specific situations and according to due
    process. For example, the right to liberty may be restricted if a person is found guilty of a crime by a court of
    law.
    Interdependent and indivisible
    All human rights are indivisible, whether they are civil and political rights, such as the right to life, equality
    before the law and freedom of expression; economic, social and cultural rights, such as the rights to work,
    social security and education , or collective rights, such as the rights to development and self-determination, are
    indivisible, interrelated and interdependent.
    Equal and non-discriminatory
    Non-discrimination is a cross-cutting principle in international human rights law. The principle is present in all
    the major human rights treaties. The principle applies to everyone in relation to all human rights and freedoms
    and it prohibits discrimination on the basis of a list of non-exhaustive categories such as sex, race, colour and so
    on. The principle of non-discrimination is complemented by the principle of equality, as stated in Article 1 of
    the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: “All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.”
    Both Rights and Obligations
    Human rights entail both rights and obligations. States assume obligations and duties under international law to
    respect, to protect and to fulfil human rights. The obligation to respect means that States must refrain from
    interfering with or curtailing the enjoyment of human rights. The obligation to protect requires States to protect
    individuals and groups against human rights abuses.
    http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Pages/WhatareHumanRights.aspx

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