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AADIT JAIN

IGCSE Geography – Production Sectors

Primary – Secondary – Tertiary – Quaternary

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Most people do plenty of unpaid work around the home but before leaving school many of you will have
a part-time job of one sort or another. Full-time work is very different!

People have always needed work to survive; we all need food, clothing and shelter. The earth provides
these things, some of our food is caught by hunters or fishermen and most of our food is produced by
farmers.

There are many different types of industry and these can be categorised into four groups:

Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary

Primary Sector: The Secondary Sector: The Tertiary Sector: The Quaternary Sector: The
exploitation of raw manufacturing of providing of services to generation and sharing
materials from the primary materials into individuals and other of hi-tech knowledge
land, sea or air e.g. finished products e.g. businesses e.g. e.g. medical research,
farming and mining. car building, food teaching, banking, Google glasses
processing or retail and nursing. development or web
construction. page design.

When you finish school, college or university, what do you hope to do?

Name of job:

Which sector:

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Add a sentence to the table below that explains which sector each industry is located in.

Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary

Car Manufacturing

Retailing

Coal-Mining

Iron And Steel

Industry

Teaching

Farming

iPhone App Design

Dentistry

1. Explain why quaternary industry is a relatively new addition to the employment structures
hierarchy.

the quaternary industry or the research and development industry is a

relative add to the employment structures as due to the increase in the
development of technology and hi tech knowledge in the society and
community.

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The balance of jobs between the three categories in a particular area or county is called the
employment structure. Use the table to complete the series graph below:

Primary Secondary Tertiary

% % %

Bangladesh 63 11 26

Brazil 23 24 53

Cameroon 71 12 17

France 4 24 72

India 60 12 28

Italy 5 32 63

Japan 5 25 70

UK 1 25 74

USA 2 24 74

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Most goods or products are made in factories which can be categorized in one of two ways:

Heavy Industry – This is making large product Light Industry – This is making small products
such as ships, lorries and cars such as clothes and household goods

These are both secondary activities as products are manufactured from raw materials. In the past
factories were built near to the primary industries and raw materials. People moved to these areas to
live and work. This causes manufacturing towns to grow around local industry.
Today most people live on the edge of towns and cities and industry tends to follow. Factories employ
local people and are near relative markets or trade routes.

Match the keywords to their definitions:

Heavy Industry Goods to be sold

Light Industry Natural materials from the earth or sea

Manufacture To make goods

Products When small goods are made

Raw Materials When raw materials are made into goods

Secondary Activity To find a place for a factory or business

Factory Where large goods are made

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There are a lot of factors which need to be taken into consideration when deciding where to locate a
factory; these factors are grouped as physical or human and economic.

Highlight the words below to show whether they are physical or human or economic:

Physical Human And Economic

Raw Materials

Labour

Transport

Power

Markets

Leisure Facilities

Site

Natural Routes

Government Policies

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70
By 1800 _____% of people were working
in primary jobs. They would have mostly
been pre-
_______________.
industrial

At this time 20% of people worked in the

_______________
secondary industry. This would
have included _______________.
industrial

The least worked in industry worked in in

1800 was the tertiary
_______________ industry
with 10 _____%.

The industry which grew the most during

the pre-industrial era was
_______________ by 10
secondary _____% increase

Describe what happened during the industrial era:

Which type of industry appeared in the post-industrial era? How much as it grown? Why do you think
this is? 8
quaternary
_______________ industry, _____%,

Which industry has had the greatest downturn?

_______________
primary industry

This means there are less people working on farms in the EU, so where do we get our food from?
the EU can get its food from international trade.

What do you think will happen to each type of industry in the future? Why do you think this?

Primary – will fail as countries develop

Secondary – will decrease
Tertiary – will increase as countries develop
Quaternary - will increase due to increase in development in
technology

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