FOG 1 3ed Part 2 PDF

Focus on
GRAMMAR
Irene E. Schoenberg
Jay Maurer
•·.
~17 Review Check your answers on page UR-2.
Do you need to review anything?
i·, 1; ;I
11,
EXERCISE A
Match the questions and answers.
..
1
1. What are you doing? a. The bus is very slow.
1
2. Where are you going? b. By car.
111 1
3 . How are you getting to work? e. Fixing my car.
4. Who are you driving to work with? d. My friend.
5. Why are you driving to work? e. To work.
EXERCISE B
Put the words in the correct arder. Make questions.
1. ?
(watching /TV/ What / on /is/ Steve)
2. ?
(are I me I now I calling I Why I you)
3. ?
(class I How / enjoying I the I you I are)
1
1
4. ?
(the bus/ is/ Who / work / taking /to)
5. ?
(with I Where / you / that book / going /are)
EXERCISE C
Correct the conversations. There are five mistakes. Use contractions if possible.
1. A: Who teaching the class?
B: Mark's.
2 . A: Why you are smiling?
B: I'm watch a funny movie.
3. A: What is your sister wear?
B: A blue sweatshirt and jeans.
164 Unit 17 Review: Present Progressive: Wh- Questions

NOUNS; THIS / THAT / THESE /
THOSE; SOME AND ANY; ARTICLES;
CAN / CAN'T
UNIT GRAMMAR FOCUS THEME

Possessive Nouns; This / That /
18 These / Those
Clothing
Count and Non-count Nouns; Some

19 andAny
Food
20 A/ An and The; One / Ones Shopping for Clothes
21 Can / Can't Abilities
165
~18
Possessive Nouns; This / That /
These / Those
(LOTHING
GROU PS: Tell your group the birthdays of five people you know. Then report to the class
any ofthe sarne birthdays.
EXAMPLES: My sister's birthday is on November 7. My dad's birthday is on May 23. My best
friend's birthday is on ...
Ming Fen's sister's birthday and Hamid's friend's birthday are on September 8.
i) Read the conversation.

MARK: Judy, do I look OK?
JunY: Yeah. You look really sharp. 1 What's the occasion?
MARK: I'm having dinner with Kathy and her parents. It's her
parents' anniversary. They're taking us to an expensive
new restaurant, The Water Grill.
JunY: That's nice. Is that a new sports jacket?
MARK: It's my brother's jacket.
JunY: It's a good fit. 2
MARK: Are these suspenders OK?
JunY: Sure. They go well with that tie and those shoes.
MARK: Thanks. Actually they aren't mine. They're my
roommate's. I almost never wear a tie or dress shoes.
JunY: Oh yeah? Is anything yours?
MARK: Uh-huh. This new goatee. It's all mine.
Juny: Oh. I see. You know, that goatee makes you look like an artist.
MARK: An artist? No kidding. I guess that's good. Now I need to remember-
Kathy's mom is Bea Harlow, and her dad is Lee White.
JunY: Relax, Mark. Just be yourself.3 They're going to love you!
1
sharp: really good
2
a good fit: the right size
3
be yourself: act as you always do
166 UNIT18
;i.:••• After Vou Read
A Practice PAIRS: Practice the opening conversation.
1
(i B 1Vocabulary Listen and repeat the words. Write new words in a notebook.
atie a sports jacket slacks dress shoes
go well with = look good with
C 1Vocabulary PAIRS: Complete the conversations. Use the vocabulary words. Practice
the conversations.
1. A: What's he wearing?
B: He's wearing a navy ____________ , a red tie, a pair of tan

1.
____________ , and brown shoes.
2.
2. A: You look sharp. The tie and shirt _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the suit.
3.
B: Thanks.
3. A: I need a pair of ____________ . I'm going to a wedding, and I only

4.
have casual shoes.
B: What size are you? Maybe you can wear mine.
Possessive Nouns; This!That/ These!Those 167

D 1Comprehension Look again at the opening conversation. Complete the paragraph.
Choose the correct words in parentheses.
Mark is going to have _ _ _ _ _d_in_n_e_r _ _ _ _ _ with Kathy's

(lunch I dinner)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ . They're going to an ____________ restaurant
(family / mother and father) (inexpensive / expensive)
called The Water Grill. Mark doesn't have the right clothes. He borrows his
____________ sports jacket and his ____________ tie and
(friend's / brother's) (cousin's I roommate's)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ shoes. Judy asks if anything belongs to Mark. He points to
(dress I sports)
his new ____________ . Kathy says he looks like an
(goatee / watch)
(actor I artist)
1 1
POSSESSIVE NOUNS; THIS / THAT / THESE / THOSE; THAT'S
Possessive Nouns
Singular Plural
My sister's car is red. My parents' car is blue.

The actress's first name is Rosa. Her daughters' names are Tina and Marie.
This / That / These / Those
Pro no uns Adjectives
This is my cell phone. This cell phone is great.

That is your jacket. That tie is Steve's.
These are my keys. These keys don't work.
Those are your keys. Those keys are Steve's.
That's
A: lt's their 30th anniversary.
B: That's great.
A: He's in the hospital.
B: That's too bad.
A: l'm studying tonight. That's why 1can't come to the party.
168 UNIT 18
GRAMMAR NOTES
Possessive nouns show belonging. • l'm wearing my roommate's dress shoes.

(The shoes belong to my roommate.)
• She's wearing Joe's sports jàcket.
(The sports jacket belongs to Joe.)
To show belonging, add an apostrophe (') + -s • That's my father's jacket.

to a singular noun or an irregular plural noun. • Where's the women's restroom?
Add only an apostrophe (')to a plural noun • lt's her parents' anniversary.
ending in -s. • lt's the Becks' house.
This, that, these, and those can be pronouns • This is my cell phone. (pronoun)
or adjectives. • This cell phone is new. (adjective)
• These are my sunglasses. (pronoun)
REMEMBER: This and that are singular; these and • Those sunglasses on that table over there
those are plural. are Robert's. (adjectives)
Use this and these for things that are near. Use
that and those for things that are away from
you.
That's is often used in speaking and informal A: 1really like her parents.
writing . lt refers to the idea that was just stated. B: That's great.
A: 1really don't like her brother.
B: That's too bad.
A: He's in Boston. That's why he's not here.
REFERENCE NOTE
For more practice with this, that, these, and those as pronouns, see Units 2 and 4.
STEP 3
EXERCISE 1: Discover the Grammar

Read the sentences. Underline this, that, these, and those. Circle the possessive nouns.
Match the sentences.
e 1. Let's visit~randmother. a. Nice to meet you. I'm Kathy's friend
Mark.
----
2. Are those your father's slacks?
3. This is my sister's friend Melanie.
b. They're black.
/ That's a good idea. She loves visitors.
4. What color are your roommate's
dress shoes? d. That's too bad.
5. Bob's son has a broken leg. e. No, they're not. They're my brother's.
These are my father's.
Possessive Nouns; This / That / These / Those 169

EXERCISE 2: This / That / These / Those (Grammar Notes 2-3)
A 1Complete the conversations with this, that, these, orthose.
1. KATHY: Mom, Dad, this is
Mark. Mark,
are my parents.
MARK: Nice to meet you.
BEA HARLow: Good to meet you.

11 1
2. LEE WHITE: Bea, is your
phone over there?
BEA: No, Lee. 1 think it's Kathy's.
KATHY: lt is, Dad.
3. MARK: _ _ _ _'s a beautiful ring. It's very unusual.
BEA: Thanks. _ _ _ _ ring is about 100 years old. lt was my
great-grandmother's ring.
4. BEA: How do you like the food?
MARK: _ _ _ _ steak is delicious!
KATHY: And _ _ _ _ vegetables melt in your mouth. How's the chicken,
Mom?
BEA: Excellent, as always.
5. LEE: Bea, do you see _ _ _ _ men over there? 1 think the tall man is
Adam Katz.
1.
BEA: You're right. What a small world! Let's go say hello.
B 1 Complete the conversations. Use the possessive form of the nouns in parentheses.
1. KATHY: Excuse me. Where's the restroom?
(women)
WAITER: It's over there, next to the telephones.
11
2. LEE: Mark, is your home nearby?

(parents)
MARK: Yes. They live in Redmond. lt's just a few miles away.
3. BEA: Lee, are these your car keys?
LEE: No, they're _ _ _ _ _ _ __

(Kathyl
170 UNIT 18
EXERCISE 3: Possessives (Grammar Note 2)
Complete the reading. Use the possessive form of the words in parentheses.
Women in the United States are free to choose their family name when they marry.
Many \'.vomen change their name to their husband's famil y name . For example,
1. (husband Jfamily name)
before married Bill Beck, she was Mary Meyers. After
2. (Steve Beck I mother)
her marriage, she became Mary Beck. But some women don't change their name.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , Bea Harlow, married Lee White. She is still Bea

3. (KathyWhite / mother)
Harlow after 30 years of marriage. Today some women are keeping their name and adding
their _______________ .Forexample, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
4. (husband I name) S. (Kathy / sister)
Jill is married to Joe Smith. Her married name is Jill White-Smith. So a woman's last name
doesn't always match her husband's.
EXERCISE 4: That's . .. (Grammar Note 4)
Complete the conversations. Write the correct phrases from the box.
That's a good idea. That's great. That's right. That's too bad.
1. A: Her parents really like me.
B:
2. A: My boss is impossible.
B: --------------------------------~
3. A: The Water Grill is that expensive restaurant on Third Street, right?
B: --------------------------------~
4. A: Let's watch that DVD.
B: --------------------------------~
Possessive Nouns; This/That/ These!Those 171

! 1 EXERCISE 5: Editing
There are six mistakes in the reading. The first mistake is already corrected. Find and
correct five more mistakes.
parents'
My family loves to eat out. On my parems anniversary we go to a Chinese restaurant.
That's because my parent's love Chinese food. On my brother birthday, we go to an Italian
restaurant. My brother loves Italian food. On my sister birthday, we go to a Mexican
restaurant. That because her favorite food comes from Mexico. And on my birthday, we go
11 1
to a different restaurant every year because I like to try different places. These year I want
to try a Brazilian restaurant.
EXERCISE 6: Pronunciation
(!) A Read and listen to the Pronunciation Note.
1
Pronunciation Note
The 's in a possessive noun sounds like /s/, /z/, or /Iz/.
/si: This is my aunt's telephone number.

/z/: When is your uncle's birthday?
/1z/: Those are Ross's slacks. (Note that /Iz/ makes an extra syllable.)
(!) B 1 Listen to the sentences. Write the possessive noun. Then listen again. Check (./) the
sound you hear.
Possessive Noun /si /z/ /1z/

1 1 1
1. mother's ./
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
172 UNIT 18
C 1 PAIRS: Complete the sentences. Use the possessive form of the nouns in
parentheses. Take turns saying each sentence.
1. Her sister's (sister) name is Lauren.
2 . J heir (parents) home is on Main Street.
3. My (teacher) glasses are on the desk.
4. Our (boss) home is on a lake.
5. His (roommate) brother is staying with us.
6. My (friend) birthday is tomorrow.
EXE.RCISE 7: Listening
ti) A 1 Listen to the conversation. What does Mark talk about? Circ/e the correct letter.
a. the food at the restaurant
b. his conversation with Kathy's mom and dad
e. his roommate
ti) B 1 Listen again. Circ/e the correct letter to complete the sentences.
1. has a boat.
a. Kathy's dad
b. Mark's dad
e. Kathy's friend
2. is worried about her sister.

a. Kathy's mom
b. Kathy
e. Kathy's aunt
3. doesn't like Mark's goatee.

a. Kathy's mom
b. Kathy's dad
e. Kathy
4. likes Mark's tie and suspenders.

a. Kathy
b. Mark's roommate
e. Mark's friend
Possessive Nouns; This / That / These / Those 173

11
lt l EXERCISE 8: Picture Differences
l
;;i1
Picture A Picture B
A 1 PAIRS: Look at the pictures. What's different in Picture B?

ExAMPLE: ln Picture B, Renee is wearing Amy's hat. Juan is wearing . . .
B 1 GROUPS: One student leaves the roam. The other students exchange glasses,
backpacks, watches, shoes, and so on. The student returns and talks about the
changes.
EXAMPLE: Yusuf is wearing José's hat.
EXERCISE 9: Writing
A 1 Write a paragraph about how you celebrate the birthdays of four people you know.
Use possessive nouns. Underline the possessive nouns and the nouns that follow
them.
ExAMPLE: On my niece's birthday, my sister has a big party. My niece gets a lot of gifts, and she
is always very happy. My niece is five years old. On my father's birthday, we usually
have a barbecue. That's his favorite way to celebrate his birthday. On my mother's
birthday, we go to a restaurant. My mother doesn't want to cook on her birthday,
and she doesn't like my dad's cooking. And on my brother's birthday, he invites a few
friends and relatives to his home. We always buy him something for his computer.
That's his passion.
B 1 Check your work. Use the Editing Checklist.
Editing Checklist
Did you use . .. ?

D possessive nouns correctly
D correct spelling
174 UNIT1 8
EXERCISE A
Complete the conversations. Choose the correct words in parentheses.
1. A: Is __________ your cell phone?

(this / these)
B: No, __________ 's my sister's phone.
(that / those)
2. A: Are __________ your shoes?
(that I those)
B: No, __________ are my shoes.
(this / these)
3. A: It's my birthday.
B: __________ great!
(That's / This is)
EXERCISE B
Complete the sentences. Use the possessive form of the nouns in parentheses.
1. That's __________ tie.

(Mark)
2. What are your __________ names?
(children)
3. A: Is that the __________ car?
(Smith)
B: No, it's __________ car.
(Mr. Bryant)
EXERCISE C
Correct the conversations. There are six mistakes.
1. A: Is that a new dress?
B: No, it's my sisters' dress.
2. A: Do you like this glasses on me?
B: Yes, I really like that glasses. They make you look smart.
3. A: Why are you wearing your mom slacks?
B: Because my jeans don't fit. That why.
4. A: Where are my keys?
B: They're on this counter over there.
Unit 18 Review: Possessive Nouns; This / That / These / Those 175

Count and Non-count Nouns; Some and Any
~19 Fooo
STEP 1
• • • Before Vou Read

GROUPS OF FJVE: Ask what each person usually has for breakfast. Then compare your
group's answers with another group's answers. How many in your group eat a healthy
breakfast?
EXAMPLE: A: What do you usually have for breakfast?
B: 1 usually have cereal, toast, and coffee.
--•Read
(!) Read the interviews.
JESSICA: Hello, everyone. This morning we're interviewing
people about their eating habits ... Excuse me, sir, do
you eat breakfast?
MAN: Yes, more or less.
JESSICA: What do you have?
MAN: I generally have a bagel and a cup of tea.
JESSICA: That's all? Do you have any juice or anything else to
drink?
MAN: Not usually. Once in a while I have coffee instead of
tea. I'm always in a hurry. Bye.
JESSICA: OK. Thanks. Bye.
JEss1cA: Now, here's our next person. Ma'am, what do you

have for breakfast?
WoMAN 1: I never eat breakfast.
JESSICA: Nothing at all?
WoMAN 1: No. I'm on a diet. I'm always on a diet.
JESSICA: OK. Thank you ...
176 UNIT 19
1 '
JEss1cA: And what about you, ma'am? What do you have for
breakfast?
WüMAN 2: Oh, 1 usually have a bowl of cereal and some yogurt
with fruit-a banana, a peach, or an orange, or
some strawberries. And 1 have eggs and toast anda
/
glass of juice.
JESSICA: Hmm. That sounds healthy.
WoMAN 2: Yes, 1 always eat a good breakfast.
JESSICA: All right, thanks. Let's see what our next person
says ...
llll••After Vou Read

A 1Practice GROUPS OF FOUR: Practice the opening interviews.
(il B1Vocabulary Listen and repeat the words. Write new words in a notebook.
a bagel a cup of coffee fruit cereal
candy yogurt a sandwich sala d a si ice of toast
C t Vocabula.ry PAIRS: Look at the words in the box. Talk about which foods you like
and which you don't like.
bagels cereal fruit sandwiches yogurt

candy coffee salad toast
Count and Non-count Nouns; Some and Any 177

D 1Comprehension Look again at the opening interviews. Circle the correct letter to
complete the sentences.
1. Itis _ __ 4. The first woman _ _ _ has breakfast.
@ morning a. never
b. afternoon b. rarely
1 e. evening e. sometimes
• 1
2. The manhas _ __ 5. The second woman has _ __

a. a big breakfast a. a big breakfast
b. a small breakfast b. a small breakfast
e. no breakfast at all e. no breakfast at all
3. He usually drinks _ _ _ 6. J essica thinks the _ _ _ has a

a. water
healthy meal.
b. coffee a. man
e. tea b. first woman

,I e. second woman
COUNT AND NON-COUNT NOUNS; SOME AND ANY
CountNouns Non-count Nouns
Article + Singular Noun Plural Noun
a sandwich sandwiches yogurt

water
an o range o ranges
Quantifiers: Some and Any
Count Nouns Non-count Nouns
A: Do you have any oranges? A: Do you have any bread?

B: Yes, 1have some. oR No, 1don't have any. B: Yes, 1have some. oRNo, 1don't have any.
Other Quantifiers
a cup of (coffee) a slice of (bread) a bowl of (cereal)

\ g
.
a bottle of
.
(mineral water)
a glass of (water)
178 UNIT 19
GRAMMAR NOTES
I
Count nouns refer to separate things. lt is easy • one orange, two eggs, three bagels
to count them.
To form the plural of most count nouns, add -s • orange oranges

or-es. sandwich sandwiches
Non-count nouns refer to things that are

difficult to count.
We use quantifiers to help us count non-count • 1love coffee.

nouns. Some quantifiers are o bog of, o bowl of, • Bring me a cup of coffee.
a siice of, o bottle of, o gloss of, and o cup of. • Ben likes bread.
• Please bring him a slice of bread.
• 1want cereal.
• Please bring me a bowl of cereal.
_\
Some and any are also quantifiers. • 1want some cereal. 1don't want any bread.
Use singular verbs with non-count nouns. • Rice is good'for you.
EI Use a or an before singular count nouns.

NoT: Rice are good for you.
• Steve wants a banana. (storts with o

Use a before words that start with consonant consonont sound)
sounds. Use an before words that start with • 1want an orange. (storts with o vowel sound)
vowel sounds.
PLURAL COUNT NOUN
Use some (orno word) with plural count • We have (some) oranges in the refrigerator.
nouns and non-count nouns.
NON· COUNT NOUN
• 1drink (some) juice every morning.
Use some in affirmative statements. Use any • 1have some fruit.

in negative statements and in questions. 1don't have any fruit.
• Do you have any fruit?
NOTE: You can use some in a question, • Do you want some fruit? (offer)
especially when you are offering something.
Use plural count nouns or non-count nouns l like oranges. 1don't like yogurt.
to talk about things you like or dislike in NOT: 1like an orange. 1don't like seme yogurt.
general. (Don't use o, on, or some.)
REFERENCE NOTES
For more information about plural nouns, see Appendix 3 on page A-3.
For a list of non-count nouns and quantifiers, see Appendix 4 on page A-3.

Read the paragraph. Find the foods and drinks. Write them in the correct column.
My favorite meal is lunch- my big meal of the day. 1 start with soup, and 1 usually have
• 1
crackers with it. Next 1 have some meat. 1 also have vegetables: maybe carrots, peas, or
1 11 1 '
beans. 1 almost always haverice. For dessert 1 sometimes have a cookie, and 1 u sually have
.
some fruit- an orange, or an apple, ora banana. Occasionally 1 have ice cream. 1 usually
drink coffee, but once in a while 1 have tea. I'm never hungry after lunch.
crackers sou
i' i
11
180 UNIT 19
EXERCISE 2: Count and Non-count Nouns (Grammar Notes 2, 4, 6)
Complete the conversation. Choose the correct words in parentheses.

WAITER: All right, folks. What would you like?
MARY: I' d like - - - - - - - - - - chicken

some
1. {a bag of I some)
and rice and __________ mixed
2. {a /some)
vegetables. And I'll have
----~---- hot tea to drink.

., 3. {a cup of ia bowl of)
WAITER: Of course. And for you, young man?
BEN: 1 want __________ tuna

4. {a/ some)
sandwich. Is that OK, Grandma?
MARY: Yes, that's fine. But how about __________ salad to go with it?
5. {a slice of /some)
BEN: 1 don't like _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ salad, Grandma.
6. {a/0*)
MARY: All right. But you need something green. Or __________ fruit. Maybe
7. {a I so1T1e)
_ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ fruit salad?
8. {any I some)
BEN: OK, Grandma. 1 like --~------ fruit salad.

9. {0/some)
WAITER: All right. For you, young lady?
ANNIE: I'd like __________ pizza. And __________ salad.

1O. {a si ice of Ia bowl of) 11. {any I some)
WAITER: Of course. And to drink?
MARY: Can you bring them each __________ milk?

12. {a/ a glass of)
WAITER: Certainly. Be right back with your drinks.
" 0 = no article or quantifier

EXERCISE 3: Some or Any (Grammar Note 5)
Complete the conversation. Use some or any and the nouns in parentheses.
AMANDA: Josh, we need _ _ _so_m
_ e·_t_h_in~9~5 _ _ _ for the party tonight. Can you go to the
1. (thíngs)
store now?
JosH: Sure. I know we don't have __________ . And we don't have

2.(soda)
__________ . What else?
3. (chips)
AMANDA: We need __________ . And we need __________ . But let me
4. (fruít) S. (olives)
check .. . Oh, yes! Get _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ . Don't get ----~----
6. (black olives) 7. (green olives)
JosH: OK. Anything else? Do you want __________ ?
8.(candy)
ÃMANDA: Goodidea.Get _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
9. (chocolate candy)
EXERCISE 4: Editing
There are six mistakes in the conversations. The first mistake is already corrected. Find
and correct five more mistakes.
bagels
1. A: Do you like .a-bãgtrt?
B: No, I don't. But I like a sandwich.

Ili
1
2. A: Can 1 bring you some coffee?
B: No, thanks. I don't drink a coffee.
3. A: Are we having egg for lunch?
B: Yes, we are. We're also having -a yogurt.
4. A: Do we need milk?
'
B: No, we don't need some milk.
182 UNIT 19
STEP 4
EXERCISE 5: Listening
ti A 1 Listeh to Mark and Judy's conversation with a waiter. Check (../) the two true
statements.
1. It's late in the afternoon.
2. Mark and Judy want to order lunch.
3. Mark and Judy are having dinner.
4. The coffee machine is broken.
ti B 1 Listen again. Read the statements. Check (../) T (True), F (False), or

NI (No lnformation). Correct the false statements.
T F NI
1. The restaurant is serving lunch now. D MD The restaurant isn't servinq lunch now.
2. Judy wants chips and salsa. DOO

3. The restaurant has iced tea. DOO
4. Mark likes tea. DOO
5. The restaurant is out of salsa. DOO
6. The restaurant has mineral water. DOO
7. The soda is expensive. DOO
8. Mark and Judy like the restaurant. DOO

(1 EXERCISE 6: Pronunciation
(il A 1 Read and listen to the Pronunciation Note.
Pronunciation Note
Plural nouns have three sounds:

/si fruits /z/ pi ums /1z/ peaches
(il B 1 Listen to the sentences. Underline the plural nouns.

li
1. We need some more bagels.
2. How many eggs do you want- one or two?
3. Do we need any oranges? They're on sale.
4. I really like black olives- but not green olives.
5. Mark had three slices of toast for breakfast.
6. I love chips and salsa.
7. Amy made some sandwiches for the picnic.
8. Bananas are vel'J good on cereal.
9. Vegetables are also very healthy for you.
10. Blueberry pancakes are my favorite.
(il C 1 Listen again. Write the plural nouns in the correct column.
/s/ 1 /z/ 1 /IZ I

bagels
D 1 PAIRS: Practice the sentences. Take turns.
184 UNIT19
EXERCISE 7: Discuss Foods
A 1GROUPS OF FOUR: Talk about the foods you really like and really don't like. Which
things are the sarne for you and your partners? Which are different?
EXAMPLE:
' I really like ...
I really don't like . ..
B 1 List the food each student really likes. Tell the class. Is there a favorite food in your
class?
EXERCISE 8: Writing
A 1 Read Annie's composition and answer the question. Then check your answer on
page P-1.
My Favorite Dish
1 lov e vegetables. 1hs is about my -Fav orite vegetable
disn. The disn is usually green and red and orange. lt nas
lettuce, tomatoes, and catTOts. Sometimes it nas
cauliflower and broccoli. 1 always eat it Witn dresSing. lt 's
usually in a bowl, but it can also be on a plate. Can you
guess wnat it is?

. 1
B 1 Use Annie's composition as a model. Write a short composition ({ive or six

sentences) about your favorite dish or your favorite food. Don't na me the food. Read
your composition to the class. Your classmates guess the food.
C1Check your work. Use the Editing Checklist.
Editing Checklist
1
Did you use ... ?

/ o count and non-count nouns correctly
D correct spelling

EXERCISE A
Circle the correct words to complete the phrases.
1. a bag of eggs I ice cream I salsa I chips
2. a bowl of bagels I sandwiches I cereal I pancakes
3. a slice of yogurt I candy I pizza I chocolate
4. a bottle of fruit I water I rice I chicken
5. a glass of milk I salad I olives I eggs
EXERCISE B
A: What would you like to order?
lj B: I'd like __________ egg salad sandwich.

1. (a I an l
A: Sorry, we don't have _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ eggs. How about _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
2. (some I any) 3. (a I an)
chicken sandwich?
B: No, I don't like _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ chicken. Just bring me a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

4. (some/0 l 5. (bowl of / cup of)
coffee.
Ili EXERCISE C
Correct the sentences. There are five mistakes.
1
1. I always drink two cup of coffee for breakfast.
2. Usually I have an egg's and slice of toast.
3. Sometimes I have fruit, like a bananas.
4. I also like ·any milk and cereal.
186 Unit 19 Review: Count and Non-count Nouns; Some and Any
~ 20
A / An and The; One / Ones
SHOPPING FOR (LOTHES
Ili••• Before Vou Read

A 1 What clothing do you want? What clothing do you need? Write two sentences.
EXAMPLE: I want a new sweater. I need new socks.
B 1 GROUPS OF FOUR: Talk about your answers. Compare your group's answers with
another group's answers.
•••Read
(i Read the conversation.
CLERK: May I help you?
M~~
KEN: Yes, I'm looking for a new sports jacket. I have
an interview tomorrow.
CLERK: Oh, you're in luck! We're having a sale on 1
sports jackets.
KEN: You are? Great! t 1
CLERK: What size?
KEN: Forty-two.
CLERK: OK. Be right back.
CLERK: All right. Do you like any of these?

KEN: Yes! I really like the blue one.
CLERK: Do you want to try it on?
. KEN: Sure.
í
(continued on next page)
A/ An and The; One / Ones 187

r
11 . CLERIC How does it feel? Does it fit?
KEN: Perfectly. And it's really comfortable. How
doesitlook,Laura?
LAURA: Well, it's pretty bright. And it's casual. How
about that black one? It's more formal.
KEN: All the black ones are dull-really boring.
.1
LAURA: OK. It's up to you .
- - • After Vou Read

A 1Pradice GROUPS OF THREE: Practice the opening conversation.
(!) B 1Vocabulary Listen and repeat the words. Write new words in a notebook.
fit a sale tryon
two sizes bright / dull formal /casual
C 1Vocabulary PAIRS: Underline the answers that are true for you. Then compare your
answers.
1. I (sometimes I always) try on clothes before I buy them.
2. I (like I don't like) bright clothes.
3. I usually wear (formal I casual) clothes.
4. I (sometimes I never) buy clothes on sale.
111
5. U my clothes don't fit, I (always I sometimes) return them to the store.
188 UNIT 20
1111
D Comprehension Look again at the opening conversation. Circle the correct letter to
1
complete the sentences.

1. Ken has an interview _ __ 4. Ken tries on a jacket that is _ _ _
~ tomorrow a. the right size
· b. next week b. too small
2. Sports jackets are on sale. They will 5. Laura thinks Ken needs to buy
cost _ __ something _ __
a. more than usual a. more casual
b. less than usual b. more formal
3. Ken likes clothes that are _ __

a. not bright
b. bright
STEP 2 Ci'RAMMAR PRESENTATION·.

' ~~ • ~!\ ~ , " ~~
A/ AN ANO THE; ONE / ONES
lndefinite Articles (A/ An)
Singular Nouns Plural Nouns
l'm looking for a suit. Suits are expensive.

1have an interview tomorrow. 1don't like interviews.
The Definite Article (The) Oneand Ones
Singular Nouns Plural Nouns Singular Pronouns Plural Pronouns
1like the blue suit. 1don't like the black suits. l like the bl ue one. 1don't like the b lack ones.
GRAMMAR NOTES
Use a or an (the indefinite articles) before • l'm looking for a jacket.

a singular count noun when you are talking • 1have an interview t om orrow.
about th ings in general. Use a befo re a
consonant sound. Use an before a vowel
sound .
BE CAREFUL! Don'tput a oran before a • Meat is expensive. (non-co unt)

non-count noun or a plural noun. Nor : 1like ft meat.
• 1usually wear jackets. (pl ura l)
Nor: 1have a jackets.
A / An an d The; One / Ones 189

Use the (the definite article) for specific things SALESPERsoN: Do you like the black suit?
that the speaker and listener know about. Cus10MER: No, but 1like the blue suit.
You can use the before singular count nouns, • The shirt is too small.
plural count nouns, and non-count nouns. · The apples are green.
• The coffee is delicious.
Use the when there is only one of something. • 1really like the gray suit.
(There is only one gray suit in the store.)
• The sun is bright today.
(There is only one sun.)
li Use the when you talk about something for the

second time and afterwards.
• Jessica made pasta and meatballs. The pasta
was delicious. The meatballs were spicy.
1 Use one to replace a singular noun. Use ones

to replace a plural noun.
• They have three suits on sale. l like the blue
one. 1don't like the black ones.
STEP 3 ··-··- - - -·-"- " - -·- - · - ··- - -- - -

Read the conversations and look at the underlined words and expressions. Circle the
correct explanation.
1. A: The sun is bright today! ~ / more than one) sun
B: Yes. You need a hat. (a hat in general / a specific hat)
2. A: Where's the cat? (one /more than one) cat
B: She's sleeping on the sofa. (one /more than one) sofa
3. A: Do you have a car? (a car in general/ a specific car)
B: No. I can't afford a car. (a car in general/ a specific car)
4. A: Do you want a jacket? (a jacket in general/ a specific jacket)
B: Yes. I want the red one. (a jacket in general/ a specific jacket)
190 UNIT20
EXERCISE 2: Articles (Grammar Notes 7-4)
Complete the conversation. Choose the correct words in parentheses. lf no article or

quantifier is needed, write 0.
CLERK: Do you need anything else?
KEN: Yes, I need _ _ _

0 ___ dress shoes.
1. (a / the / 0)
CrnRK: OK. ______ dress shoes are over here
2.(A/The)
. . . What size?
KEN: Ten medium.
LAURA: I like ______ black ones. What do

3. (a / the / 0)
you think?
KEN: No. They're dark and formal. And I don't
like ______ style.

4. (a /the / 0)
CLERK: What about these?
KEN: ______ tan ones? Cool! I like them.

5. (A /The / 0)
CLERK: Do you want to try them on?
KEN: Yes, please.
CLERK: How do they feel?
KÉN: Perfect. Laura, what do you think?
LAURA: Well, . shoes look nice. But they're casual. This is for _ _ _ _ __
6.(a/the/0) 7.(a/an/01
interview.
KEN: Don't worry. They're fine.
EXERCISE 3: One and Ones (Grammar Note 5)
Match t~ questions and answers. Complete the answers with one or ones.
e 1. Which jacket do you like best? a. Yes. I hate the cheap
2. I really like those orange socks.
b. No, I need a larger
3. Do you want those expensive
slacks? /. I like the blue one best.
4. Does this dress fit you? d. No, I tried on the casual
5. Did you try on those formal shoes?
e. I don't. They're too bright. I like the
gray _ _ _ _ _ __
A/Anand The;One/Ones 191

EXERCISE 4: Editing
There are eight mistakes in the letter. The first mistake is already corrected. Find and
correct seven more mistakes.
;I ;
Dear Katny,
The
Josn and 1 nave a great nousef House isn 't v ery big, 1
).. li'
and it 's also a old one. lt needs work. lt nas tne nice
living roam, but tne colors are temble. Eacn wall is tne
different calor. There 's a orange wa/I , an ye/low wa/I, a
blue wall , and tne red wall. We need to repaint.
We want you to see nouse. Give me a ca/I .
Love,
Amanda
$ A Listen to the conversation. Check (v')
1 the two false statements.
__ 1. Josh and Amanda are going out.
2. Amanda likes Latin music.
3. Amanda and Josh have three dogs.
4. They live in an apartment.
$ B 1 Listen again. Complete the sentences. Circle the correct

words.
1. There is (one /~ concert.
2. J osh and Amanda have (one I more than one)
dog.
1
3. They have (one I more than one) photograph.
11
4. They have (one I more than one) house.
5. They have (one I more than one) umbrella.
1 6. _They have (one I more than one) car.
192 UNIT 20
<i) A 1 Read and listen to the Pronunciation Note .
/
.~
Use a before a noun that begins w ith a consonant sound. Use an before a noun that
begins w ith a vowel sound.
B 1 Read the conversations. Look at the word after each blank. Circle the words that
begin with a vowel sound. Then write a or an in each blank.
1. A: What do you want for your birthday, Mary?
B: Iwant a
1.
good novel. And I want
2. ~ 3.
red one.
2. A: Annie, is someone at the door?
B: Yes, there's man outside. He's old man.

4. s.
3. A: Grandma, I have interview tomorrow.
6.
B: Oh, good, Ken. I hope it's _ _ _ _ _ good interview.
7.
4. A: There's _ _ _ _ _ college in our city.
8.
B: Yes, I know. I hear it's _ _ _ _ _ expensive college.
9.
<i) C 1 PAIRS: Listen and checr your work. Then practice the conversations.
EXERCISE 7: Picture Discussion

PAIRS: Look at the pictures. Tell your partner about the clothes you like and don't like
and why. Use the and one / ones in your statements.
EXAMPLE: A: I like the first hat. I like the calor.

B: I like the second one. It's red and black.
OR I like the first one too.
A / An and The; One / Ones 193

11. EXERCISE 8: Writing
A What's wrong with the picture? Write severa/ sentences about strange or unusua/
1
things. Use a, an, and the.

EXAMPLE: I see a car in the mall ...
Do you have
any dresses?
B 1 Check your work. Use the Editing Check/ist.
Editing Checklist
Did you use ... ?

D a, an, and the correctly
D correct spelling
C 1GROUPS OF FOUR: Read your sentences from Part A aloud. Then compare your
group's sentences with another group's sentences. Which group has the most?
194 UNIT20
i20 Review Check your answers on page UR-3.
EXERCISE A
1. Which is your jacket? a. The white ones.
2. Do you like that orange tie? b. No, I need larger ones.
3. Which are your shoes? e. No, I like the green one.
4. Do those shoes fit? d. The brown one.
EXERCISE B
Circle the correct explanation for the underlined words and phrases.
1. A: Where's the dog? (one /more than one) dog
B: It's in the park. (one / more than one) park
2. A: Do you want an umbrella? (an umbrella in general/ a specific umbrella)
B: Yes. I want the black one. (an umbrella in general/ a specific umbrella)
3. A: What's he doing at the library? (one /more than one) library
B: He's returning a book. (a book in general / a specific book)
EXERCISE C
1. Bozo's suit is a very bright ones.
2. Each shoe is the different color.
3. He's wearing a orange shoe and an yellow one.
4. He's wearing the funny hat too.
5. He looks like a clown!
Unit 20 Review: A/ An and The; One / Ones 195

~ 21
Can / Can't
' 1' ABILITIES
, I'
1- - - -
l i• • • Before Vou Read

A 1How do you rate your skills in English? Check (v) the correct box.
Reading Writing 1Speaking 1 Listening Comprehension

1 1
l'm pretty good at
l'm not so good at
B 1 GROUPS: Talk about your ratings.

EXAMPLE: 1 think I'm pretty good at reading. I'm not so good at writing.
·- -•Read
(!) Read the conversation.
1
JESSICA: What's the matter, Jeremy? You look really down.
JEREMY: I can't understand my Spanish teacher. She speaks
J
too fast. And no one can understand my Spanish.
My pronunciation is pretty bad. I have to give a
presentation Friday. I can't do it.
JEss1cA: But last year you were so good in Spanish.
JEREMY: It wasn't a conversation class. I can read. I just
can't speak.
JESSICA: Can someone in the class help?
JEREMY: No. I don't know anyone that well ... But that gives me an idea.
You know Jorge, the star of our basketball team?
JESSICA: Uh-huh.
JEREMY: Well, Jorge's in my math class. He's not doing well. The coach says
he has to pass math or he can't stay on the team.
JESSICA: Oh?
JEREMY: But he's fluent in Spanish. Maybe he can help me with Spanish and
I can teach him math.
JESSICA: Well, that sounds like a plan.
196 UNIT21
.1113••• After Vou Read
1
ateam a coach a star
an idea = thought or pass =to succeed on fluent = having the sounds like a plan =
plan a test or in a class ability to speak well it's a good idea
C 1Vocabulary Complete the conversations. Use the correct forms of the vocabulary
words.
1. A: She has a lot of good icleas
B: I know. We always ask her what she thinks.
2. A: Who's the - - - - - - - - of the team?
B: Jorge is. He scores a lot of points.
3. A: What grade do I need to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the test?
B: Sixty-five or above.
4. A: Does Marco speak Portuguese?
B: Yes, he does. He lived in Brazil for six years. He's ________ in
Portuguese.
5. A: What does he do?
B: He's a gym teacher and the ________ of the girls' soccer team.
Can / Can't 197

D 1Comprehension Look again at the opening conversation. Circle the correct letter.
1. Why is Jeremy unhappy?

a. His Spanish teacher can't speak Spanish.
b. J eremy can't understand his Spanish teacher.
2. Why was Jeremy good in Spanish last year?

a. It wasn't a conversation class.
b. It was an easy class.
3. Who can help Jeremy?

a. A classmate from his math class.
b. His basketball coach.
4. How can Jeremy help Jorge?

a. He can help him in math.
b. He can help him in basketball.
STEP 2
CAN/CAN'T
Affirmative and Negative Statements
Subject Can / Can't Base Form of Verb
You
He / She / lt can
speak Russian.
We can't
You
They
Yes /No Questions Short Answers Wh- Questions
Can you do me a favor? Yes, 1can. What can 1do?
Can he understand French? No, he can't. Who can help?
198 UNIT21
GRAMMAR NOTES
Can is a modal. A moda l changes the meaning • 1can understand Ko rean. (ability)
of the verb t hat follows. Can has different • 1can meet you at 4:00. (possibility)
meanings, including ability, possibility, and • Can you do me a favor? (request)
request.
Use the base form of the verb after can. • 1can speak Spanish.
• You can get there by bus or by t rain.
BE CAREFUL! Donotuse to after can.Donot Nor: He canto speak English .

add -s or -ing to verbs that follow can. Nor: He can 5j9eaks English.
Nor: He can speaking English.
Cannot is the negative form. Can't is th e • 1cannot help you .

contraction. We usually use can't in speaking • 1can't help you.
and informal writing.
For question s (yes / no questions or wh- · Can she speak English?

questions), put can before the subject (unless • How can we help?
the subject is who or what). • Who can help?
' -- ' ' ,,,.,..,. ~ t;;Y. ~
STE P 3 -·~otúS,ED ,, ~'~'.-,;,;• ~~

PRA.CTlCE,:,->
~~ :;'-><- >- ' "

Underline can and can't. Circle the verb that goes with can or can't. Then match the
questions and answers.
d 1. Can you @ the problem s in Part I, a. Con mucho gusto ? It means with
Jorge? pleasure.
b. Say them.. Write them down. Use
2. I can't understand this Spanish them in sentences. You need to
idiom. What does it mean? hear a new word seven times to
remember it.
3. How can I remember new words? e. Th at's fine. I'm free all evening.
4. I can meet you on Tuesday, but f. Yes, I ~· They're easy. But I ~
not until 6:00. @.g) the ones in Part II.
e. How about an hour of basketball
5. We can do an hour of Spanish and too?
an hour of inath.
Can / Can't 199

EXERCISE 2: Can or Can't (Grammar Notes 7-4)
Complete the conversations. Use can or can't and the verbs in parentheses.
1. JEREMY: OK. Jorge. I have to f>repare a talk about computers. (help)
Can you help me?
JORGE: Well, I don't know much about computers. I (help) you
with technical stuff, but I (try) to help you with your
1 11 pronunciation.
2. JORGE: Jeremy, I (do) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ this math problem. (explain)
_ _ _ _ _ __ you _ _ _ _ _ __ it to me?
JEREMY: (understand) _ __ _ _ _ _ you _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the problem?
JORGE: Yes, I , but I (get) the right answer.
3. JEREMY: Jorge, there are so many Spanish words. I (remember) _ _ _ _ _ __
all of them.
JORGE: Well, you (keep) _ _ _ _ _ __ a notebook of new words. Then we
(review) the new words each week.
JEREMY: Good idea.
4. JEREMY: OK. That's enough schoolwork. Let's play some bali.
JoRGE: Great. We (play) in East Park.
JEREMY: No, we . There's a game there now. But we (play)
_ _ _ _____ at the junior high. Those courts are usually empty.
JORGE: Sounds like a plan.
200 UNIT21
EXERCISE 3: . Can or Can't (Grammar Notes 7- 4)
Complete the sentences. Use can or can't and the correct verbs from the box.
change ~ o pen see show speak understand work
1. Our classroom is locked. We ______c_a_n_'t_o__.p_e_n_ _ _ _ _ the door.
________ you please ________ it for us?
2. 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the blackboard. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ my
seat?
3. We ________ this printer. ________ you ________ us how
it works?
4. She's fluent in Italian, but she ________ Portuguese.
5. They ________ you. Please speak more slowly.
EXERCISE 4: Editing
There are seven mistakes in the sentences. The first mistake is already corrected. Find
and correct six more mistakes.
can
1. Erika understand English, but she can't speak it well.
/\
2. Mei Liang can't speaks English. She can to speak Mandarin Chinese.
3. Can they working this weekend?
4. How 1 can get to the library?
5. Can she teaches us Portuguese?
6. He speak Spanish fluently.
Can!Can't 201
. '
(11 =~=~==
'
STEP 4 COMMUNICATION PRACTICE

.
~ ~;.:o.
1
.
.
Pronunciation Note
When can is fol lowed by a base form verb, we usually pronounce it / kan/ or / kn/ and
stress the base form verb: 1can SPEAK Spanish.
ln sentences with can't fo llowed by a base form verb, we stress both can't and the
base fo rm verb: 1CAN'T SPEAK French.
(!) B 1 Listen to the sentences. Then listen again. Check (./) the words you hear.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
1 1 1 1 1 1
can
can't ./
C 1 Complete the conversations. Use can or can't.

1. A: We can 't understand you. 4. A: 1 ______ pronounce that
B: Sorry. 1'11 speak slowly. word.
2. A: We _ _ _ _ _ _ understand you B: 1 can too. It's easy to pronounce.
now. 5. A: 1 - - - - - - see the letters.
B: That's good. B: Maybe you need glasses.
3. A: 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ pronounce that 6. A: 1 ______ see the letters.

word. B: Good. Please read them to me.
B: 1 can't either. It's hard for me to say
words that begin with "S-C-R."
D PAIRS: One partner chooses a conversation from 1~6 above. Read A's tine. Your
1
partner reads the correct response from B. Then switch roles.
(!) A Listen to the conversation. Complete the sentence. Circle the correct letter.
1
Jeremy and his mother are talking about _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

a. Spanish and math class
b. J eremy's homework
e. the soccer team
202 UNIT 21
(!) B 1 Listen again: Underline the correct words to complete the sentences.
1. Jeremy can / can't understand his teacher's Spanish.
2. J eremy's pronunciation is good I not so good.
3. /féremy is improving I isn't improving.
4. Jorge can do / can't do math well.
5. Jorge can stay I can't stay on the team.
6. J eremy can tutor I can't tutor in math.
EXERCISE 7: Find Someone Who ...

A 1 Go around the classroom. Find someone who can ...
• stand on his or her head
• do a martial art well
• fix a computer
• lift 50-pound weights
• write poetry
• cook well
• say "yes" in five languages
B 1 Report to the class.

EXAMPLE: Glenda can stand on her head. Kilsun is good at tae kwon do. Shohei can prepare
sushi. Camilla can say "yes" in five languages.
EXERCISE 8: Find Someone Who ...

Look at the pictures on the next page. Then walk around the class. Find someone who
can do each activity. Write the na me of the student below the picture. When you have
three names in any direction, you win.
EXAMPLE: MARIA: Can you water ski?
KE1Ko: Yes, 1 can. (Maria writes Keiko's name in the box with "water ski. ")
Can / Can't 203

'1'
111
water ski spea k Mandarin change a tire
1. Keiko 1. ~~~~~~~- 1. ~~~~~~~-

1 1
2. 2. ~~~~~~~- 2. ~~~~~~~-
3. 3. ~~~~~~~- 3. ~~~~~~~-
play the gu itar speak ltalian play tennis

1. 1. 1.
2. 2. 2.
3. 3. 3.
play golf dance well play chess

1. ~~~~~~~- 1. ~~~~~~~- 1. ~~~~~~~-
2. ~~~~~~~- 2. ~~~~~~~- 2. ~~~~~~~-
3. ~~~~~~~- 3. ~~~~~~~- 3. ~~~~~~~-

! 1
204 UNIT21
EXERCISE 9: Writing
A 1 Write about some specia/ abilities of a person you know we//. lnc/ude at /east two
examp/es of can or can't.
EXAMPLE: My friend Ali can play soccer very well. He's the star of his team. Ali plays soccer every
/ weekend. I can't play soccer, but I love to watch the game. Ali and I often watch soccer
on TV together. Our favorite team is the L.A. Galaxy.
Editing Checklist
Did you use . . . ?

D can and can't correctly
D correct spelling
Can / Can't 205

~ 21 Review Check your answers on page UR-3.
EXERCISE A
Circle the correct words to complete the conversation.
A: I'm sorry. I can / can't remember your name. Can / Can't you repeat it?
1. 2.
li
B: It's Elmer.
A: I'm sorry. I can / can't hear you. Can / Cannot you speak a bit louder?
3. 4.
B: OK. It's ELMER!
EXERCISE 'B - -- ---
Complete the conversations. Use can or can't and the verbs in parentheses.
1. A: _ _ __ _ _ _ you _ _ __ _ _ _ (explain) this email to me?
B: No, it's in French, and I _ __ _ _ _ _ (not, read) French.
A: Maybe Marie _ _ _ __ _ _ (help). She knows French.
2. A: Do you want to watch TV this evening?
B: Sorry, we _ _ _ __ _ _ (not, watch) TV. The TV isn't working.
A: That's too bad. What _ _ _ _ _ _ _ we _ _ _ __ _ _ (do) this evening?
B: Well, we _ __ __ __ (go) to the movies .
A: That's a good ideal
EXERCISE C
A: Pietro can't speaks Chinese. He canto speak Italian.
B: Can he speaking Spanish?
A: No, he not can, but I can't.
206 Unit 21 Review: Can / Can't

SIMPLE PAST

Simple Past: Regular Verbs
22 (Statements)
Business Trips
Simple Past: Regular and Irregular

23 Verbs; Yes /No Questions
A Biography
24 Simple Past: Wh- Questions A Car Accident
207
~ 22
Simple Past: Regular Verbs (Statements)
8USINESS TRIPS
STEP 1

GROUPS: Check (./) what is true for you. Then talk about it.
_ _ Yesterday 1 worked. _ _ Yesterday 1 didn't work.
_ _ 1 stayed home last Sunday. _ _ 1 didn't stay home last Sunday.
_ _ 1 watched TV last night. _ _ 1 didn't watch TV last night.
_ _ Last weekend 1 visited a friend. Last weekend 1 didn't visita friend.
--•Read
(il Read the email messages.
Kathy,
Thanks for the delicious chocolates. Everyone at the party enjoyed them. The party was a
blast *, but we all missed you, especially Mark. He looked very lonely. >(
How's Boston? How's the convention?
Judy
6 0
Judy,
Once again, happy birthday!
Boston is terrific : )! But the convention was a lot of work.
1arrived here late Monday night. Tuesday 1worked from 7:00 in the morning until 10:00 at
night. Wednesday 1started at 7:00 and didn't finish until 9:00 at night. The convention finally
ended last night.
This morning 1checked out of my hotel. l'm staying with my cousin Ted for a couple of days.
He's a really nice guy, and he has a great apartment. l'd like you to meet him.
Again, l'm so sorry 1missed your party.
Kathy
' a b/ast: a lot of fun
208 UNIT 22
..
Hi Kathy,
Who's this cousin? l'd love to meet him.
Jucjy
; "4 _ __
j
=11••• After Vou Read
A 1Practice PAIRS: Practice the opening reading. Take turns reading the messages.
ti) B 1Vocabulary Listen and repeat the words. Write new words in a notebook.
a hotel checkin checkout
a convention a presentation
arrive = stay=
to get to a place 1. to live in a place as a guest for a short
time
2. to continue to be in a place (to stay
home)
enjoy= miss=
to get pleasure and happiness from 1. to feel saci someone isn't there.
something 2. to not be somewhere or not hear or see
something.
Sim pie Past: Regular Verbs (Statements) 209

C 1Vocabulary Complete the passage. Write the correct words from the box.
checkedin enjoyed presentations

convention stayed
We arrived at the Marriott _ _ _H_o_te_ /_ _ _ last Wednesday. We were there for
a sales _ _ _ _ __ __ . We _ _ _ _ __ _ at the front desk. We attended a
welcome party that evening. For the next two days we listened to _ _ __ _ ___ . We
111 for three nights. Some of the presentations were boring. Some were
interesting. But we meeting salespeople from all over the country.
D 1Comprehension Look again at the opening email messages. Circle the letters of the
correct answers.
1
1. Where was Kathy? 3. Who missed Kathy a lot?

i a. At a convention in Boston. a. Ted did.
b. At a party in Boston. b. Mark did.
2. Why was Kathy there? 4. Where did Kathy go after she checked
a. She was there for work. out of her hotel?
b. To celebrate Judy's birthday. a . Home.
b. To her cousin's home.
'f
SIMPLE PAST: REGULAR VERBS (STATEMENTS)
Affirmative Negative
Subject Past Form of Verb Subject Didnot Base Form of Verb

1
Vou Vou
1
He He
She She did not
arrived at 2:00 P.M. arrive at 3:00 P.M.
lt lt (didn't)
We We
Vou Vo u
They They
210 UNIT 22
PAST TIME EXPRESSIONS
Past Time Expressions

Yesterday Ago Last
yesterday two days ago last night 12 13
yesterday mornin g a wee kago last week
yesterday even ing a month ago last Monday
two days ago yesterday today
GRAMMAR NOTES
Use the simple past to talk about an event that • 1arrived last night.
happened in the past. • 1stayed at the Grand Hotel.
Now
Past ....---x----r-___,·~
I arrived last night.
Future
Reg ular verbs in the simple past end in -ed. BASE FORM
lf the base form ends in -e, add only -d. lf the • 1stayed ata hotel. (stay)
base form ends in -y after a consonant, change • 1arrived yesterday. (arrive)
the y to i and add -ed. • 1stud ied ali night. (stu dy)
Use did not + the base form of the verb for a • She did not stay at the hotel.
negative statement in the simple past. • She didn't stay at the hotel.
We usually use didn't for speaking and informal

writing.
BE CAREFUL! Do not add -ed to sentences NoT: She didn't stayed at the hotel.
w ith did.
li Time expressions come at the beginning or

the end of a sentence.
REFERENCE NOTES
• Last night 1arrived in Boston.
• 1arrived in Boston last night.
For the past of be, see Unit 7.

For irregular past verbs, see Un it 23.
For informat ion about the pronunciation of the simple past of regular verbs, see Appen dix 6 on
page A-4.
Sim pie Past: Reg ular Verbs (Statement s) 211

STEP 3

A 1 Read about Kathy's cousin. Find and underline the simple past verbs.
Ten years ago Ted Geller graduated from college. He was smart, and he finished
college in three years. A year after graduation, Ted and four friends started an online
business. For three years they worked very hard. They hired and fired a lot of people.
They improved their business. ln their third year, a big company offered to buy their
company. The five partners agreed. At the age of 26, Ted ended up without a job but with
a lot of money. He used half his money to help poor children. Ted's an unusual man. ,,,
B 1 Write the base form of the underlined words in Part A.

9raduate
EXERCISE 2: Simple Past (Grammar Notes 7-2)
Complete the sentences. Write the past form of the verbs from the box.
graduate learn o pen stay work
'
Jane loves flowers. As a child she always helped her mother in their garden.
1.
Six years ago sh(f"" from art school. She _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in a flower
2. 3.
shop after graduation. She _ _ _ _ _ _ _ at the flower shop for three years. She
4.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ a lot about flowers and about the flower business. Three years ago she
s.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ her own flower shop. Today her flower shop is doing very well.
6.
:111
212 UNIT22
EXERCISE 3: Affirmative or Negative (Grammar Notes 7-3)
Look at the pictures. Complete the sentences. Write correct forms of the verbs from the
box. Use the affirmative or negative. Use some verbs more than once.
Saturday Sunday
clean enjoy play rain stay watch
Saturday it rained all day long. Judy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ home. She

1. 2.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ her apartment.-Then she _ _ _ _ _ _ _ TV. She _ _ _ _ _ __
~ ~ 5.
tennis. Judy wasn't happy. She _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the day. Sunday it - - - - - - - · lt
6. 7.
was a beautiful day. Judy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ home. She _ _ _ _ _ _ _ her apartment.
~ ~
She _ _ _ _ _ _ _ tennis in the park. Judy was happy. She _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the day.
10. 11.
EXERCISE 4: Editing
There are seven mistakes in the messages. The first mistake is already corrected. Find
missed
1. I'm sorry I .àià: missed your call. Please leave your name anda short message.
2. Hi, Ted. This is AI. I am arrived at the hotel this morning. My phone number is
555-9090.
3. Hello, Ted. This is Melissa. I yesterday talked to Ellen. She loved your presentation.
4. Hi, Ted. This is Judy. Sorry I was missed your call. Call me. I have some exciting
news.

5. Hi, Uncle Ted. This is Mickey. I received this morning your gift. It's awesome. Thank
you so much. I love the game.
6. Hi, Teddy. This is Mom. I arrived in Miami last night. I didn't stayed at Aunt Sophie's
house. She has the flu. I'm staying with Sara.
7. Hi, Ted. This is Justino. Warren did checked in at the Grand Hotel today. His
presentation is tomorrow. He wants to have lunch with us after his presentation.
Call me.
<i) A 1 Listen to three phone messages. Who are the messages from?
-1 <i) B 1 Listen again. Complete the messages.
Message from
1. - -- - - -- Thanks for the ___fl_o_w_ er_s_ _ _ . They _ _ _ _ _ _ __
yesterday.
2. - - - - - - - - I'm still _ _______ . Let's meet at _ ' _ _ _ _ ___ , not
3. - - - - - - - - I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a really good _ _ _ __ _ _ a couple

of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ . It's on tonight
on Channel _ _ __ _ _ __ at _ _ _ __ ___ o'clock.
<i) A 1 Read and listen to the Pronunciation Note.
' . . "'
Pronunciation Note'
. ~ ~ 'O
. r ,
•. ~' ,r l <
; «. ;
' ' ;.
The regular simple past verb ending has three sounds: /t/, /d/, and /1d/.
The sound of the past ending depends on the last sound of t he base fo rm
ofthe verb.
I missed you. /t/ She arrived at 7 P.M. /d/ He graduated. !1dl (= extra syllable)
214 UNIT22
B 1Complete the sentences with last, ago, oryesterday. Then read the sentences.
Underline the past verb forms. Write the base forms of the verbs.
Sentence 1Base Form of Verb f tt/ f td/ f 11d/

1 / He graduated from college /ast graduate ,/
year.
2. They started a business 1O years
3. They worked for 10 hours
4. They hired many people
month.
5. They learned a lot year.
6. A company wanted to buy their business three
years
7. They agreed to the sal e -
afternoon.
(i) C 1 Listen and check your answers. Check (./) the -ed sound you hear.
EXERCISE 7: True or False?

A 1 Write four true sentences and one fa/se sentence about yourself in the past. Use the
ideas from the box or your own ideas.
graduate from _ _ _ listen to a kind of music travei to a place

like a food play a sport watch _ _ _ on TV _ __
B 1 GROU PS: Read your sentences aloud. The group guesses the fa/se sentence.
ExAMPLEs: A: I played soccer in high school.
I didn't like candy as a child.
I listened to classical music in high school.
I traveled to Kenya five years ago.
I watched Star Trek on TV last night.
B: You didn't really travel to Kenya five years ago.
C: You didn't really listen to a lot of classical music in high school.
D: You liked candy as a child.
A: I really traveled to Kenya five years ago. I listened to a lot of classical music in
high school. D's right. I liked candy as a child.

EXERCISE 8: Writing
A 1 Write sentences about yourself as a chi/d. Use five verbs from the box. Use the
sim pie past affirmative or negative.
enjoy like listen to look play want watch
Editing Checklist
1 11
Did you use . .. ?

D the simple past correctly
D correct spelling
C 1 The teacher collects the papers and reads the sentences. The class guesses who it is.
EXAMPLES: I liked chocolate ice cream. I didn't like green vegetàbles.
I listened to rock and roll. I didn't listen to classical music.
1 I played with my brother. I didn't play with my younger sister.
I wanted to be an astronaut. I didn't want to go to school.
I enjoyed science fiction books and movies. I didn't enjoy romances. WHO AM I?
216 UNIT22
11
EXERCISEA
Complete the sentences. Use the sim pie past form of the words in parentheses. Use the
affirmative or negative.
1. We _ _ _ __ __ _ __ _ (check in) four days ago. We
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (not, check out) until yesterday.
2. I _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ (study) last night. I _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __
(not, watch TV).
3. We _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ (start) our presentation at 9:00 in the morning, but
we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (not, finish) it until 2:00 in the afternoon.
EXERCISE B
Complete the paragraph. Write the past forms ofthe verbs from the box.
endup fail graduate not, work start
Last year my cousin Louis _ _ __ _ __ __ _ _ from college. He
_ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ a business. He _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ hard, and it
_ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ . But then he started another business. This time he worked
very hard. He _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ with a great business and a lot of money.
EXERCISE C
Correct the sentences. There are four mistakes.
1. We didn't stayed with our friends .
2. The guests are arrived at the hotel.
3. I call you this morning.
4. She was enjoy her trip.
Unit 22 Review: Sim pie Past: Reg ular Verbs (Statements) 217
~ 23
Simple Past: Regular and Irregular Verbs;
Yes /No Questions
A BIOGRAPHY
STEP 1

A 1 GROUPS OF FOUR: Think of a person you admire. Who is the person? Why do you
admire him or her? Discuss your answers.
B 1 PAIRS: Who is this famous movie character? What is the actor's na me? What do you
know about him?
•••Read
(il Read the conversation and the biography.
JEREMY: Dad? I wrote this paper for my drama class. Can you
read what I have so far?
TIM: Sure, Jeremy. What's the assignment?
JEREMY: We have to write about an actor we admire. I picked
Christopher Reeve.
218 UNIT23
Jeremy Beck
Drama 201
Ms. Gomez
Christopher Reeve, An Admirable Actor
Christopher Reeve was born on September 25, 1952, in New York City.
He began to act at the age of nine when he got a part in his first play. He
acted in a lot of plays during his teenage years and many more when he
went to Cornell University. After college he moved to New York City and
worked in theater.
Christopher had his first role in a Hollywood movie in 1978. Today he is

most famous as the star of the Superman movies. Christopher made four
Superman films.
A sad thing happened to Christopher on May 27,

1995. He was in a horseback riding competition and
fell off his horse. He was paralyzed below his neck
and had to spend the rest of his life in a wheelchair.
But he didn't give up. He started an organization to
help people who are paralyzed. His organization
gave a lot of money for research.
ln 2004 Christopher Reeve died of a heart attack.

He didn't have a long life, but he did a lot of good
things. We will remember him for a long time.
TIM: This is really good, Jeremy. Did you use the Internet to get your information?
JEREMY: Yes, I did.
TIM: Well, I think people will like your paper.
A 1Practice PAIRS: Practice the opening conversation and reading. Each person reads a
paragraph from the reading.
Sim pie Past: Regular and Irregular Verbs; Yes /No Questions 219
(!) B 1 Vocabulary Listen and repeat the words. Write new words in a notebook.
be born pick act move
I give up!
It's too heavy (7
for me.
give up injure die
C 1Vocabulary Complete the sentences. Use the correct forms of the vocabulary words.
1. On my birthday, I always - - -+-p_ic_k_ _ _ my favorite restaurant for dinner.
2. She was very tired, but she didn't ________ , and she won the race.
3. He danced and ________ in many movies.
4. They got married in 2004, and their baby _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in 2006.
5. The fire ________ severa} people, but no one _ _ _ _ _ _ __

..
6. We lived in Mexico City before we ________ to Los Angeles.
D Comprehension Look again at the opening conversation and reading. Complete the
1
sentences. Circle the correct letter.

1. Christopher Reeve was _ __ 4. Reeve was injured in _ __
1
a. a teacher a. a car accident

11
@ an actor b. a horseback riding accident
2. His first acting experience was in _ __ 5. Jeremy used _ _ _ to write his
a. a play biography.
b. a movie a. the Internet

b. an encyclopedia
3. Christopher Reeve _ _ _ to college.
a. went
b. didn't go
220 UNIT 23
STEP 2 GRAMMAR PRESENTATION
SIMPLE PAST: IRREGULAR VERBS (STATEMENTS)

1
Statements
Affirmative Negative
He ate chocolate bars. He did not eat regular meals.
You had the chocolate. You didn't have the cookies.
She drank coffee. She didn't drink water.
He went to Cornell University. He didn't g o to Harvard.
SIMPLE PAST: REGULAR ANO IRREGULAR VERBS (YES /NO QUESTIONS)
Yes /No Questions Short Answers
Did Subject Base Form Affirmative Negative
wake you up? Yes, you did. No, you didn't.

you sleep late? Yes, 1did. No, 1didn't.
Yes, we did. No, we didn't.
Did he stay home? Yes, he did. No, he didn't.
it rain? Yes, it did. No, it didn't.
we eat all the cookies? Yes, you did. No, you didn't.
they take a vacation? Yes, they did. No, they didn't.
GRAMMAR NOTES
Remember that regular verbs end in -ed in the • lt started to rain. start
simple past.
Irregular verbs have different forms in the • 1ate my sandwich. eat

simple past. (See the verbs in Note 5.) • We went out of town. go
REMEMBER: The past forms of be are was and
were. See Unit 7.
For a negative sentence in the sim pie past, • He did not eat much.
use did not + the base form of the verb. Use He didn't eat much.
t he contraction didn't + the base form in
conversation and informal writing .
BE CA REFUL! Don't us~ did or didn't w ith t he Nor : He didn't ate much.
past tense fo rm of the verb.
Sim pie Past: Regular and Irregular Verbs; Yes /No Questions 221
To make a yes /no question in the simple past, • Did you stop?
use did + the subject + the base form of the • Did he eat anything?
verb.
You can use did or didn't in the short answer A: Did it rain?
in the sim pie past. B: Yes, it did. OR Yes.
No, it didn't. oR No.
Here are some common irregular verbs and their simple past forms.
111 BASE fORM SIMPLE PAST BASE FoRM SIMPLE PAST BASE fORM S1MPLE PAST
beco me beca me fali fell make ma de
come carne get got see saw
do did give gave take took
drink drank go went tell told
eat ate have had write wrote
REFERENCE NOTE
For more about irregular verbs and their simple past forms, see Appendix 7 on page A-5.

Read the conversation. Underline the three yes / no questions in the sim pie past. Then
circle the irregular verbs in the simp/e past.
Yosmo: Wow! I'm starved. Let's go have lunch. I~ have breakfast.
JEREMY: Why? Did you get up late?
Yosmo: Yeah, 1 got up at 8:15. 1 just drank a glass of orange juice. That's all 1 had time for.
JEREMY: Did you stay up late last night?
Y osmo: 1 sure did.
JEREMY: Why?
Yosmo: Well, 1 had a lot of homework to do. lt took about three hours. After that 1
watched two Superman movies. lt was 2 A.M. when 1 went to bed.
JEREMY: Did you write your paper for drama class?
Yosmo: Yeah. 1 wrote it on Christopher Reeve.
JEREMY: Oh no! You too?
222 UNIT23
EXERCISE 2: Simple Past (Grammar Notes 7-2, 5)
Complete the paragraph. Use the simple past form ofthe verbs in parentheses.
Christopher Reeve graduated from Cornell University in 1974. After
,,, 1. (graduate)
that he _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to work in theater. ln 1978 he a
2.(go) 3.(have)
theater audition. The famous actress Katharine Hepburn __________ him and
4.(see)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ him a part in a play. They _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ good friends.
5. (give) 6. (become)
But Christopher __________ so busy he __________ enough.
7.(get) 8. (noteat)
ln fact, he mostly __________ chocolate bars and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
9.(eat) 10. (drink)
coffee. One day he __________ so weak he - - - - - - - - - - · But he
11 . (bel 12. (faint)
__________ and soon became famous.
13. (not give up)
EXERCISE 3: Yes /No Questions (Grammar Note 3)
Complete the conversations. Write yes / no questions with the words from the chart.
Subjects Reeve it Reeve Reeve she ~
Verbs go ~ have play take write
1. A: ____D yo_u_ h_av_e____ breakfast this morning, Yoshio?

_ id__,_
B: No. All l had was a glass of juice.
2. A: ____________ her paper on Christopher Reeve?
B: No, she didn't. She wrote it on Heath Ledger.
3. A: ____________ you a long time to write your paper?
B: Yes, it took me about three hours.
4. A: ____________ to Columbia University?
B: No, he didn't. He went to Comell University. He acted in a lot of student plays there.
5. A: ____________ the role of Superman?
B: Yes, he did. He also played the role of Clark Kent.
6. A: ____________ a long life?
B: No, he didn't, but he did a lot of good things.
Simple Past: Regular and Irregular Verbs; Yes /No Questions 223
EXERCISE 4: Editing
<·
There are eight mistakes in the conversations. The first mistake is already corrected.
Find and correct seven more mistakes.
stay
1. A: Yoshio, did you -&fayetl up late last night?
B: Yes, 1 do. 1 stayed up until 2 A.M.
2. A: Tim, Jeremy finished his drama paper?
B: Yes, and he does a good job.
3. A: How many Superman movies did Reeve make?
B: He maked four of them.
4. A: Christopher Reeve had a long life?
B: No, he doesn't. He dead at the age of 52.
EXERCISE 5: Listening .
<!) A Listen to the school interview with Jeremy's classmate and friend Yoshio. Does
1
Yoshio like or not like the Seattle area?

<!) B 1 Listen again. Check (../) T (True), F (False), or NI (No lnformation).
T F NI
1. Yoshio carne to the United States four months ago. D D
2. Yoshio was born in Hamamatsu. D D D
3. Yoshio has two sisters and one brother. D D D
4. Yoshio played soccer in high school. D D D
5. Yoshio has a black belt in karate. D D D
6. Yoshio climbed Mount Everest when he was 14. D D D
7. Yoshio's family took a trip to the United States when D D D
he was a teenager.
8. Yoshio went to Universal Studios in Los Angeles. D D D
9. They went to Seattle on that trip. D D D
224 UNIT23
(il A 1 Read and listen to the Pronunciation Note.
Pronunciation Note
/
ln the sim pie past, the last "d" in did +a /y/ sound is often pronounced /d!,/.
(il B 1 Read and listen to the sentences. Circle did where the last "d" is pronounced as /d!,/.
1. ~ you go to the movies last night?
2. Did she go with you?
3. Did your friends pick the movie?
4. Did Josh come to the party?
5. Did he injure his back?
6. Did you eat breakfast this moming?
7. Did your brother visit New York?
8. Did they go with you?
9. Did you visit Florida too?
10. Did he finish his assignment?
C 1PAIRS: Practice the sentences. Take turns. Be sure to pronounce did you correctly.
EXERCISE 7: Did Vou ... ?

You have five minutes to ask your classmates seven yes / no questions. Use the question
phrases from the box anda past time expression. Report interesting answers.
Question Phrases
drink tea for breakfast go out of town see a movie get up after 1OA.M.
eat ata fast-food restaurant goto bed after midnight make a new friend visit a new city
Past Time Expressions

last month last weekend this morning last summer
last night on Monday yesterday last year
EXAMPLE: A: Did you go to bed after midnight last night?

B: Yes, 1 did. 1 studied until 3 A.M.
Simple Past: Regular and Irregular Verbs; Yes /No Questions 225
EXERCISE 8: Writing
A 1 Write a short biography (6 to 10 sentences) of a famous person you admire. Use
simpie past verbs.
Editing Checklist
Did you use ... ?

D simple past verbs correctly
D correct spelling
C 1 Read your biography to the class, but don't say who the person is. The class guesses
the person.
EXAMPLE: A: This person was bom in Transkei, South Africa, in 1918. He worked against the
policy of apartheid there. Because of that, he was in prison for 27 years. After
prison he became president of the new South Africa ....
B: Is the person Nelson Mandela?
A: Yes, it is.
226 UNIT23
EXERCISE A
Complete the passage. Use the sim pie past form of the verbs in parentheses.
Yesterday after school, I (go) home. Then I
_ __ __ _ _ (make) some soup, and I (eat) dinner. Then I
_ _ _ __ _ _ (see) a movie on TV. After that, I _ _ __ _ _ _ (drink) a glass of
milk. Finally, I _ _ _ __ __ (fall) asleep.
EXERCISE B
Complete the conversations. Write pastyes /no questions with the words from the box.
play snow stayup take
1. A: Christopher soccer on Saturday?
B: No, he played baseball.
2. A: the children late last night?
B: No, they didn't. They went to bed early.
3. A: it last night?
B: No, it didn't. It rained.
4. A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you _ __ __ __ a vacation this year?
B: Yes, I took a vacation in February. It was great!
EXERCISE C
Correct the conversations. There are five mistakes.
1. A: You moved to this city in 2009?
B: No, I don't. I moved here in 2010.
2. A: Did Katharine took her keys?
B: No, she didn't.
3. A: Do your parents go out of town?
B: Yes, they are went on vacation.
Unit 23 Review: Sim pie Past: Regular and Irreg ular Verbs; Yes /No Questions 227
~ 24
Simple Past: Wh- Questions
A (AR ACCIDENT

PAIRS: Tell about a time when you or people you know were in a car accident.
--•Read
<!) Amanda talks to her brother Rob on the phone then speaks with her husband, Josh.
Read the conversations.
AMANDA: Hi, Rob. What's up? .. . Are you OK? ... Wel})
that's good. When did it happen? . .. Where did
1 it happen? . . . Are you there now? . . . Why did
you drive? . . . Does Dad know?
(AMANDA hangs up.)
JosH: What happened?
AMANDA: Rob had a car accident this morning.
JosH: How is he?
AMANDA: He's fine, but the car is damaged. He didn't want
to walk to the supermarket in the rain, so he took
Dad's car.
JosH: What happened to the car?
AMANDA: One of the headlights is broken, and there's a big
dent in the bumper.
JosH: How did it happen?
11 1
AMANDA: 1 guess the road was slippery. The car skidded on
some leaves and hit a pole.
JosH: That's too bad.
11
AMANDA: And Rob drove Dad's car without his OK.
JosH: Uh-oh.
AMANDA: He's at Charlie's Auto Repair Shop now. lt will cost
$600 to fix the car.
JosH: Six hundred dollars? Poor Dad.
AMANDA: What do you mean "poor Dad"? Poor Rob.
1
1
228 UNIT 24
i 1
IE••• After Vou Read
1
an accident headlights a bumper
an auto repair shop adent slippery
C 1Vocabulary PAIRS: Complete the conversations. Use the correct forms of the
vocabulary words. Practice the conversations.
1. A: There was an ___a_c_c_id_e_n_t _ _ on the highway. A truck hit a car.
B: Was anyone hurt?
2. A: There's a ________ on the driver's side of your car.
B: I know. My uncle will fix it. He has _ _ _ _ _ __
3. A: Your ________ doesn't work.
B: Really? Thanks for telling me. I guess I need a new bulb.
4. A: How did the accident happen?
B: The street was ________ . She fell and hurt her arm.
Sim pie Past: Wh- Questions 229

D 1Comprehension Look again at the opening conversations. Circle the correct letter.
1. What happened to Rob? 4. How did it happen?

a. He was hurt in an accident. a. The car hit another car.
~ He was in a car accident, but he b. The car skidded on leaves.
wasn't hurt.
5. Where did Rob take the car?
2. Who drove the car? a. To his father.
a. Dad did. b. To Charlie's Auto Repair Shop.
b. Rob did.
3. When did it happen?
a. ln the morning.
b. ln the afternoon.
STEP 2
SIMPLE PAST: WH-QUESTIONS
Questions Answers
Wh - Question Word Did Subject Base Form of Verb
Where t he accident happen? ln front of the store.
When it occur? ln the morn ing.
Why he go t here? He wanted to get some food .

did
Who he drive w ith? He drove alone.
How it happen? The ca r skidded.
Howlong it take to fi x? Three hours.
1
Questions about the Subject Answers More Irregular Verbs
Who d rove? Rob (did). Base Form Simple Past
11
1
What happened ? He had a ca r acci dent. brea k broke
drive drove
hit hit
say said
te aeh taught
wea r wore
win won
230 UNIT24
GRAMMAR NOTES
Most wh - questions in the simple past use a A: When did he call?

wh- word + did + t he subject + the base form B: At 11 :00 in the morning.
gf the verb.
Wh- questions about the subject use a A: Who called?

wh- word + the simple past form of the verb. B: My brother called.
BE CAR EFUL! Do not use did with questions Nor: Who 46 ca ll ?

about the subject.
REFERENCE NOTE
For a list of common irregular past forms, see Appendix 7 on page A-5.
-----·------- -· ---

Read the conversation. Underline the wh- questions.
A: Guess what? 1 saw Josh Beckett.
B: Really? Where did you see him?
A: On Pike Street.
B: What time did you see him?
A: lt ~as about 3:00 in the afternoon.
B: What did he look like?
A: Like Josh Beckett, of course.
B: Did you ask for his autograph?
A: Yes, 1 did.
B: What did he say?
A: He said, "Here you go" and wrote his name on a piece of paper.
Sim pie Past: Wh - Question s 231

EXERCISE 2: Wh- Questions (Grammar Notes 7-2)
Put the words in the correct order. Make questions.

JosH: You know, I once drove without a license.
AMANDA: When did you do that ?

1. (you I When Ido I did I that}
JosH: Oh, about 10 years ago. I was 15, and I went to my grandmother's house.
AMANDA:
2. (you I Why I there I did../ drive}
JosH: It was impossible to get to her home by bus. She talled and said she was sick. My
parents were away for the day.
3. (happened / what}
JosH: Well, I drove to her house. She was really sick. I took her to the hospital.
AMANDA:
4. (How long I the drive/ did / take)
JosH: About 30 minutes.
AMANDA:
5. (your I parents / What / say / did)
JosH: They said I did the right thing. I got my license the next month.
EXERCISE 3: Questions with Who (Grammar Note 2)
Write questions beginning with Who. Use the simple past form ofthe words in parentheses.
1. (go to an auto repair shop last week) Who went to an auto repair shop last week ?
2. (eat kimchee last night) ?
3. (teach you to drive) ?
4. (come late today) ?
5. (visit you last weekend) ?
6. (give you a special gift last year) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ?

1
232 UNIT 24
EXERCISE 4: Editing
A: Hello. This is Rob Peck. I'd like to report an accident.
/ clicl
B: Thank you, Mr. Peck. What time the accident occur?
/\
A: At 9:30 this morning.
B: Where did it happened?
A: It did happen on Oak Street between First and Second Avenues.
B: How it did happen?
A: A cat ran into the street. The car ahead of me stop suddenly. The road was slippery, and
I hit the car. My headlights are broken. There's a dent in the other car's bumper.
B: Thank you for reporting the accident.
C: What the insurance company say?
A: Just "Thank you for reporting the accident."
STEP 4
1
Pronunciation Note
ln speaking, we often contract did after wh- question wo rds.
(!) B 1 Listen to the conversation. Then listen again and repeat B's lines.
A: Sorry I'm late. There was an accident on the highway. I couldn't move for 20 minutes.
B: Where'd it happen?
A: Near exit 6.
B: When'd it happen?
A: About 20 minutes ago.
B: How'd it happen?
A: A driver got sick, and his car went into the wrong lane and hit another car.
B: Was anyone hurt? (continued on next page)
Sim pi e Past: Wh - Qu estions 233

A: I think so. A police car and an ambulance arrived.
B: What' d the police do?
A: They wrote a report, and they sent the drivers to the ·hospital.
B: How' d the drivers look?
A: I didn't see them.
(!) C 1 Now listen and write the questions. Write the fui/ form. Then say the contracted form.
1. Where clicl it happen?
(!) A Listen to the telephone conversation between Amanda and Rob. Circle the correct
1
letter to complete the sentence.

Amanda and Rob are talking about _ __
a. paying for the damage to his father's car
b. how the accident happened
(!) B 1 Listen again. Answer the questions.
1. What did Rob promise to pay for? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
3. How many hours did he work yesterday? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
4. How many hours did he work the day before? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
EXERCISE 7: lnterview
Work with a partner. lnterview your partner about his or her past. Student A, write
five things that were the sarne for both of you. Student B, write five things that were
different.
EXAMPLES: 1. A: What sports did you play in high school?
B: I played soccer.
A: I played soccer too.
We both playecl soccer in high school.
2. B: Where did you go on you r last vacation?
A: I went to the beach.
B: I went to the mountains.
On my last vacation, / went to the beach. Juan went to the mountains.
234 UNIT 24
EXERCISE 8: Discuss Childhood
Ask three classmates three questions about their childhood. Use the suggestions from
the box or your own ideas.
,/
cook in your family help you with homework teach you to drive
give you nice gifts read stories to you teach you to ride a bike
EXAMPLE: A: Who taught you to ride a bike?

B: Nobody did. I can't ride a bike.
C: My father.
D: My friend did.
EXERCISE 9: Writing
A 1 Complete the sentence: "On my way to school 1saw ___________ "
B 1 GROUPS: Read your sentence to each person in your group. Each person asks you
two wh- questions. Respond to your classmates' statements.
C1Write a conversation that begins, "On my way to school I saw . .. "lnclude three
wh- questions.
EXAMPLE: A: On my way to school I saw a beautiful bird.
B: Where did you see it?
A: I saw it in East Park.
B: When did you see _it?
A: At 8:30 A.M.
B: What did it look like?
A: It had beautiful red feathers.
D 1 Check your work. Use the Editing Checklist.
Editing Checklist
Did you use ... ?

D past wh- questions correctly
D correct spelling
Sim pie Past: Wh- Questions 235

EXERCISE A
1
1. Who got angry at Rob? a. A couple of days ago.
2. Where did Rob get a part-time job? b. He worked for seven hours.
3. Why did he get a part-time job there? e. His father.
4. When did he start his job? d. At BQ Drugstore.
5. How many hours did he work yesterday? e. To pay for the damage.
EXERCISE B
Put the words in the correct order. Make questions about Rob's accident.
1. ?
(the accident / happen / did / When)
2. ?
(happen I did I How I the accident)
3. ?
(Rob I Why I to the supermarket /drive I did)
4. ?
(did I Who I with I Rob /drive there)
5. ?
(take / Rob / Where / the car / did)
EXERCISE C
Correct the conversation. There are five mistakes.
A: Where did the accident happened?
B: It did happen in front of the library.
A: When it was occur?
B: lt occurred at 10:00 this morning.
A: How it happened?
B: A car hit another car.
A: How long did it takes the police to come?
B: It took 20 minutes.
236 Unit 24 Review: Sim pie Past: Wh- Questions
1
PRONOUNS; QUANTITY EXPRESSIONS;
THERE IS/ THERE ARE
25 Subject and Object Pronouns Gifts and Favors

How much / How many; Quantity A Trip to the Galápagos
26 Expressions Islands
27 There is / There are Describing Places
237
~ is Subject and Object Pronouns
11
GIFTS AND FAVORS
STEP 1
1
1
.1• ••
1
Before You Read
GROU PS OF FOUR: Ask what three gifts each person wou/d like to get. Is there a most
popular gift in your group?
ExAMPLE: 1 would like to get tickets for a concert, a DVD, anda tennis racquet.
l
•••Read
1111
(il Read the conversation.

'I CARLOS: Kathy, you're an American. What's a good gift?
KATHY: For what?
CARLOS: For the party at Bill's house on Saturday. 1 want to get him a gift.
KATHY: Right. Let me think.
CARLOS: How about flowers?
KATHY: Well, 1 suppose so. But you don't usually give flowers to a man.
CARLOS: He has a wife. Can 1 give them to her?
KATHY: Hmm. I'm not sure.
CARLOS: What about tickets for a concert? 1 know he likes music.
KATHY: No. Not appropriate. You don't give your boss tickets.
238 UNIT25
CARLOS: Well, what do you suggest?
KATHY: Why don't you give hirn some chocolates? He's always eating them at his desk.
CARLos: OK, good idea. A box of chocolates. Now, can you do me a favor?
KATHY:.,,, What?
CARLÓs: Tomiko and 1 need a ride to the party. Can you take us?
KATHY: For a price.
CARLOS: For a price? What do you mean?
KATHY: Get me a box of chocolates too.
CARLOS: 1 don't believe you. You're not serious, are you?
KATHY: No, just kidding! 1'11 pick you up at 6:30 on Saturday.
• • • After You Read

A 1Practice PAIRS: Practice the opening conversation.
(i) B 1Vocabulary Listen and repeat the words. Write new words in a notebook.
flowers chocolates a ride
tickets a DVD a gift certificate
Subject and Object Pronouns 239

C 1Vocabulary Complete the sentences. Use the correct forms ofthe vocabulary words.
1. I got ___t_ic_k_e_t _s _ _ to the play on Saturday.
2. My friend gave me ________ for Macy's in the amount of $75.
3. 1 missed the bus this morning, but a friend gave me _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to work.

l
1 4. My favorite ________ is Star Wars.
5. When 1 give _ _ _ _ _ _ _, 1 cut them from my own garden.
li
6. My problem with getting _ _ _ _ _ _ _ as a gift is that 1 eat the whole box.
1 D 1Comprehension Look again at the opening conversation. Circle True or False.
1. Bill is Carlos's boss. ~ False

2. According to Kathy, people often give flowers to a man. True False
3. According to Kathy, tickets are a good gift for a boss. True False
4. Carlos's boss likes chocolates. True False
5. Kathy will drive to the party. True False
6. Carlos and Tomiko have to give Kathy a box of chocolates. True False
SUBJECT AND OBJECT PRONOUNS
Subject Pronouns Example Sentences Object Pronouns Example Sentences

1like flowers. me Maria called me.
you Vou have the tickets you Yusuf knows you.
he He's my boss. him Please ask him.
she She needs a ride. her Kei met her yesterday.
it lt's for a party. it Bring it to the party.
we We don't know Bill. us Call us tomorrow.
you Vou will be happy. you 1 saw you last night.
i/
they They're a good gift. them The boss laves them.
240 UNIT25
GRAMMAR NOTES
1 /, you, he, she, it, we, and they are subject

pronouns. They replace a subject noun.
Me, you, him, her, it, us, and them are object
• The boys need a ride to the party. They don't
have a car.
SUBJECT
NOUN
OBJECT
NOUN
pronouns. They replace an object noun.
• Bill loves chocolates.
SUBJECT OBJECT
PRONOUN PRONOUN
• He loves them.
Object pronouns come after prepositions like • Give them to him.

to or for. • The chocolates are for him.
NOTE: You and it are both subject and object SUBJECT OBJECT
pronouns. • You're kidding. 1don't believe you.
SUBJECT OBJECT
• lt's Latin music. He likes it.
The pronoun you is the sarne for singular and • 1don't believe you. (you = Kathy)
plural. • See you at 6:30. (you = you and Tomiko)
When you is plural, we sometimes add the • See you both at 6:30.
word both to make the sentence clearer.
EXERCISE t: Discover the Grammar

Read the conversation. Underline the subject pronouns. Circle the object pronouns.
ÃMANDA:
-
STEVE: You like parties. Right?
I lov§ . Why?
STEVE: Well, we're having a party on Sunday at my apartment. You and Josh are both
invited. Are you free at three o'clock?
AMANDA: I think so. What's the occasion?
SrnVE: It's Jessica's birthday, but I don't know what to get her. What's a good gift? Any
ideas?
ÃMANDA: How about tickets for a concert? Does she like music?

STEVE: Yes. She listens to it all the time.
ÃMANDA: Good. Get her some tickets. Or else get hera gift certificate. Now, tell me again.
What's your new address?
STEVE: Fourteen Vine Street, Apartment 202.
ÃMANDA: OK. See you then.
EXERCISE 2: Subject and Object Pronouns (Grammar Notes 1-2)
Complete the conversations. Use subject and object pronouns.
1. A: It's Jessica's birthday on Sunday. What's a good gift for _ _ __h_e_r _ _ _ ?
B: How about a book? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ laves to read.
2. A: It's Mark's birthday next week. What's a good present?
B: Well, likes music. Get _ _ _ _ _ _ _ some concert tickets.
3. A: Our car is in the shop. Can _ _ __ __ _ give _ __ _ ____ a ride to
the party?
B: Sure. 1'11 pick _ _ _ _ _ _ _ up at 5:00.
4. A: The Johnsons are having a party on Saturday. What's a good gift for
_ _ _ _ _ _ __ ?
B: ________ love flowers.
5. A: Hello? Steve? Is raining there? Do I need my umbrella?
B: Yes, bring . It's raining hard.
6. A: My friends are visiting from Portland. 're a lot of fun.
B: Well, bring on Saturday. We have plenty of food.
242 UNIT25
EXERCISE 3: Object Pronouns (Grammar Note 2)
Write a suggestion for each picture. Use Why don't you get + object noun + for + object
pronoun.
1. a travei book 2. a tennis racquet
- I'm looking
.,...._..,.._.....:---~-..., for something for
my husband.
3. a vest 4. a DVD
EXERCISE 4: Editing
There are six mistakes in the invitation. The first mistake is already corrected. Find and
correct five more mistakes.
Dear Sarah.
Jim and de are having a party on Saforday, June 1O, at 3:00. Is for our son,
Bob, and our daughter, Sally. Them both have birthdays in June. You and Stan
are invited. Please don't bring they any presents. Us arejust having a band and
º ~ ;º lots of food, but no gif ts. Please comei Give Jim and I a call if you can come.
"'4 ~0
• o
"' ~ •
4 4r, See both ;;Jr 1ou soon,
p "' • ~
Doris

STEP 4
(i) A 1 Listen to Tim and Jessica's conversation. Who wrapped the gifts?
1
1
(i) B 1 Listen again. Complete the chart with the words from the box.
Colors
blue green o range
X white
Gifts
a DVD a game something special ~ tickets
Color of Package 1 Who is it for? 1 Gift
red Cousin Martha a tennis racquet

Mom and Dad
Jeremy
Ben and Annie
Jessica
(i) A 1 Read and listen to the Pronunciation Note.
Pronunciation Note
When we correct a speaker's mistake, we use stress to indicate what we are correcting.
ExAMPLEs: A: Is that your CD? A: Is that your CD?

B: No, it's Amy's CD. [lt's not .!:fü CD.] B: No, it's my DVD. [lt's nota CD.]
(i) B 1 Listen to the conversations. ln Sentence B, circle the word that shows the correction.
1. A: The blue box is a present for Mark, 4. A: You're giving Elena flowers, aren't
right? you?
B: No, the@ box is Mark's present. B: No, I'm giving her chocolates.
2. A: You gave your boss flowers, didn't 5. A: You bought the Wangs a painting,
you? right?
B: No, 1 gave his wife flowers. B: No, 1 bought the Grants a painting.
3. A: Did you get Mark a new necktie for
his birthday?
B: No, 1 got Josh a new necktie.
C 1 PAIRS: Practice the conversations.
244 UNIT 25
J 111 -
EXERCISE 7: Choose Gifts
PAIRS: Write the nomes of five people. Talk about a good gift for each person. Then tell
the class.
EXAMPLES! A: It's my brother's birthday tomorrow. What's a good gift for him?
/
B: Hmm. How old is he?
A: Ten.
B: Maybe a DVD?
A: I don't think so.
B: OK, then why don't you get him a soccer ball?
A: Good idea.
OR
A: It's my brother's birthday tomorrow. What's a good gift for him?
B: What does he like?
A: He loves sports.
B: How about a tennis racquet?
A: I don't think so.
B: OK, then how about a soccer ball?
A: Good idea.
EXERCISE 8: Writing
A Write six or seven sentences about a time when you gave a gift that made someone
1
happy. Use subject and object pronouns.

EXAMPLE: My sister had her 17th birthday last July. I didn't have much money to get hera gift,
but she loves flowers. I only had $1 O to spend, so I bought her ...
Editing Checklist
Did you use ... ?

D subject and object pronouns
correctly
D correct spelling

EXERCISE A
Circle the correct subject or object pronouns to complete the conversations.
1. A: It's Steve's birthday on Sunday. What's a good gift for he I him?
B: How about a gift certificate to a movie theater? He I Him really likes movies.
2. A: What's a good gift for the children? Do they I them like games?
B: Yes, bring they I them games. We I Us all love games!
EXERCISE B
Complete the suggestions. Use the correct object pronouns. Refer to the nouns in
parentheses.
1. Why don't you get flowers for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (your wife)?
2. Why don't you get a tie for (Uncle Toshi)?
3. Why don't you take chocolates to ________ (your cousins)?
4. Why don't we give a ride to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (John's sister).
5. Why don't you buy a new TV for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (Grandma and Grandpa)!
EXERCISE C
Correct the note. There are five mistakes.
Dear Doris and Jim,
Thank you for inviting we to the party on June 1 O . Us will bring some
cookies for dessert. l t are really good, and we hope you like they. 1 don't
have your address. Could you please email its to us'?
See you on Saturday!
Sarah and Stan
246 Unit 25 Review: Subject and Object Pronouns

How much / How many; Quantity
~ 26 Expressions
A TRIP TO THE GALÁPAGOS ISLANDS
111••• Before Vou Read

GROU PS: The Galápagos /stands are known for their unusual animal
Galápagos lslands
and plant life. Look at the map. Where are the Galápagos /stands?
~ºo d
How many students in your group would like to visit them?
Padfic Ocea11
•••Read
$ Read the conversation.
SrnvE: So how was Ecuador?
JESSICA: Great.
SrnvE: How many days were you away?
JESSICA: Ten. We were in the capital, Quito, and on the
Galápagos Islands.
MARK: The Galápagos Islands? That sounds exciting.
How much time did you spend there?
TIM: Not much. Only four days. But it was fantastic .
We took hundreds of photos of the plants and
animals. We ate and slept on a boat.
MARK: Really? How many people were on the boat?
JESSICA: Twelve including us.
SrnvE: How much did the trip cost?
JESSICA: It was expensive, but we used our frequent
flier miles for the flight.
MARK: Well, nothing beats travel. ;,
TIM: I agree.
• nothing beats travei: traveling is great
How much / How many; Quantity Expressions 247

,• • • After Vou Read
A Pradice GROUPS OF FOUR: Practice the opening conversation.
1
ti) B 1Vocabulary Listen and repeat the words. Write new words in a notebook.
11
an island the capital
ananimal a plant
a flight only
C 1Vocabulary Complete the conversations. Write the correct forms of the vocabulary
words.
1. A: Is Seoul _ _ _ _th_e_ ca_,p_i_ta_I_ ___ of Korea?
B: Yes, it is.
2. A: Which continent is an _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ ?
B: Australia.
3. A: Howwasyour _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ home?
B: OK, but the plane was full. There were no empty seats.
248 UNIT 26
4. A: He has beautiful _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in his garden.
B: I know. Some come from Hawaii.
5. A: How many weeks of vacation do you have?

,.,
-B: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ one week a year.
6. A: Are any of the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ on the Galápagos Islands dangerous?
B: I don't think so.
D 1Comprehension Look again at the opening conversation. Answer the questions. Use
the words from the box.
Alot
~ Two-Quito and the Galápagos Islands
10 days 12 people
1. How many photos did they take? ---'-'-

hu = n-'-'d""""r-"-
e"'-
ds"'". _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
2. How much time did they spend in Ecuador? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
3. How much money did they spend? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
4. How many people were on the boat to the Galápagos Islands? _ _ __ _ _ _ __
5. How many places did they visit? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
HOW MUCH / HOW MANY

A: How many photos did you ta ke? A: How much time did you spend there?
B: A lot. (1 took a lot of photos.) B: A lot. (We spent a lot of time there.)
Not many. (1 didn't take many photos.) Not much. (We didn't spend much ti me there.)
A few. (1 took a few photos.) A little. (We spent a little time the re.)
Sixty. (1 took 60 photos.)
How much / How many; Quant ity Expressions 249

GRAMMAR NOTES
Use how many +a plural count noun t o ask PLURAL COUNT NOUN
about a quantity of somet hing. A: How many days we re you t here?
B: Fifteen.
NON·COUNT NOUN
Use how much + a non-count noun to ask A: How much time did you spend there?
about an amount. B: Alot.
A /ot, a few, a litt/e, not many, and not much A: How many people were on the boat?
are general expressions. A lot tells that an B: Not many. (a small quantit y)
amount is large. A few, not many, and not much
t ell that amou nts are smal l. A: How much ti me did you spend in Quito?
B: Not much. (a small amount)
BE CAREFUL! Much is not usually used in • 1spent a lot of money.

affirmative statements. We usually use a lot NOT: 1spent 111uch mon ey.
instead.
11 Numbers also answer questions with how

many. Num bers give an exact amount.
Use how much to ask about the cost of

A: How many days were you t here?
B: Ten days.
How much was the trip?

someth ing. We often use how much without a · How much did the trip cost?
noun. · How much (money) d id it cost?
REFERENCE NOTE
Fo r more about count and non-count nouns, see Un it 19.

Read the conversations. Underline how much and how many, and circle the nouns they
go with. Draw two lines under each quantifier.
1. A: How manx:Q_ig~jj)go to the Galápagos Islands from Guayaquil?
B: A few each day.
2. A: How many seats are available on Flight 1 to Quito?
B: Not many. You need to make a reservation now.
3. A: How much time does it take to get to the airport?
B: Not much. Only about 30 minutes.
250 UNIT26
4. A: How much money does the flight cost?
B: About $360.
5. A: How many tourists visit the Galápagos Islands in May?

,;
/B: A lot. Most tourists go there in April, May, and November.
6. A: Is there a lot of rain in July?
B : No, there isn't, justa little mist called "garua."
EXERCISE 2: How much / How many (Grammar Notes 7, 3-4)
Read about the trip to Washington, D.C. Match the questions and answers.
b 1. How many days is the trip? a. Two.

2. How many meals does the trip include? j. Three.
3. How much does the trip cost? e. Six.
4. How many people share a room? d. Nothing.
5. How much is the bus ride from the airport? e. $650 from Seattle (flights
included)

EXERCISE 3: How much / How many (Grammar Notes 7, 3-4)
Read the ad for a trip to Boston. Write questions with how much or how many.
VISIT BOSTON!
Includes:
,
..,
,.,
'-#-
• Round-trip airfare from Seattle

• 5 days and 4 nights at Motel 9
• 4 to a room
• Delicious breakfast every day
• 3-hour sightseeing tour of Boston
Visit the Freedom Trail, Faneuil Hall,
Quincy Market, and Old North Church
Juny: I'm thinking of visiting New York or Boston.
MARK: Well, here's an ad for a trip to Boston.
JunY:
1.
MARK: Eight hundred dollars.
JUDY:
2.
MARK: Five days.
JUDY: Do they include meals?
MARK: Some.
JunY:
3.
MARK: Five breakfasts.
Juny: Do you have your own room?
MARK: Uh, no.
Juny:
4.
MARK: They put four people in a room.
Juny: That's not for me.
MARK: Oh, well. It's a good price.
252 UNIT26
EXERCISE 4: Editing
many
1. A: How ffitteh people did you travel with?
/
B: Only one other person, but we met a little people on the trip.
2. A: How many day were you away?
B: Not much, only three days. But we were on a small island.
3. A: How much time did you spend in your hotel room?
B: Not many time. We left early and returned late.
4. A: How much trips do you usually take in a year?
B: Two or three. I love to travel.
$ A Listen to Steve and Jessica's conversation and the news that follows. Circle the
1
correct letter to complete the sentence.

The news is about _ _ __ _ __
a. a travel writer who talks about his new book

b. a travel writer who died last Monday
$ B 1 Listen again. Complete the questions with how much or how many.
1. _ _H_o_w_ m_a_n_,_y_ _ books did John Phillips write? __m_o_r_e_t_h_an_ 3_0 _
2. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ children did he have? _ _ _ _ _ __
3. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ grandchildren did he have? _ _ _ _ _ __
4. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ money did John Phillips have? _ _ _ _ _ __
5. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ people did he leave his money to? _ _ _ _ _ __
6. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ time did his children spend with him? _ _ _ _ _ __
$ C 1 Listen to the conversation and news broadcast again and answer the questions in
Part 8.

·EXERCISE 6: Pronunciation
(!) A Listen and repeat the wards:
1
Jell-o-yellow jail-Yale
Jess-yes jams-yams
juice-use
(!) B Underline the abave wards in the sentences. Then listen and repeat each sentence.
1
1. I drank a lot of juice yesterday.
2. I ate a lot of yams.
3. I bought a lot of yellow sweaters.
4. Jess has a lot of friends at Yale.
5. She meta lot of people in jail.
6. They served a lot of jams.
7. He ate a lot of Jell-o.
C1Take turns. Say a sentence from Part 8. Yaur partner asks a questian that begins
with "Haw much" ar "Haw many." Give an answer with an exact amaunt.
EXAMPLE: A: I drank a lot of juice yesterday.
B: How much did you drink?
A: Four glasses.
EXERCISE 7: Ask and Answer

A 1 GROU PS: Take turns. Ask questians with how much and how many. Yaur classmates
answer with a lot, a little, a few, not much, not many, some, ar none, ar give an
exact amaunt. Use the ideas from the bax ar yaur awn ideas.
time I spend online

clothes I buy in a month
different animais I see in an average day
email messages I get in a week
money I give to charity in a year
movies I watch in a month
people I help in a week
plants I have in your home
time I spend on the telephone in a day
EXAMPLE: A: How much time do you spend online?

B: Not much. About 1O minutes a day.
254 UNIT 26
B 1 On a separate sheet of paper, write four of your questions and your classmates'
answers. Report the results.
E XAMPLE: Juan doesn't spend much time online: about 10 minutes a day.
EXE~CISE 8: Writing
A 1 Tell your partner about an interesting place you visited. Use quantifiers to answer
the questions:
How much time did you spend there?
How many people did you go with?
How many photos did you take?
How much did it cost to go there?
B 1 Write about your trip.

EXAMPLE: Last year I went to Philadelphia. I was there for three days. I traveled with my two
friends . We took a lot of photos-over 140. We went by bus and stayed with friends.
The trip only cost us $100.
C 1 Check your work. Use the Editing Checklist.
Editing Checklist
Did you use ... ?

D quantifiers correctly
D correct spelling

EXERCISEA
Complete the conversations with much or many.
1. A: How students are in this class? B: Twenty.
2. A: How weeks does this class last? B: lt lasts eight weeks .
3. A: How does the class cost? B: It's $200.
4. A: How textbooks do we use? B: Two.
5. A: How are the textbooks? B: About $50.
EXERCISE B
Circle the correct words to complete the conversations.
1. A: How much time did you spend at work? B: A lot I Much. About 1O hours.
2. A: How many mistakes did you make? B: Not many I Not much. Just two.
3. A: How much coffee do you drink each day? B: Just a little Ia few.
4. A: How many people carne? B: A lot I Much. Almost 30.
5. A: How much money do you have? B: Not much I Not many.
EXERCISE C
Correct the conversations. There are five mistakes.
1. A: How much time do you spend on the phone each week?
B: Not many time. Only a couple of hours.
2. A: How many movies do you see each year?
B: Not much. Only two or three.
3. A: How much email messages do you send each day?
B: Each day? Only one or two. But 1 senda little of text messages-maybe 20 or 30.
4. A: How much time do you spend surfing the Internet?
B: 1 spend many time. Maybe six hours a day!
256 Unit 26 Review: How much / How many; Quantity Expressions

~ 27
There is / There are
DESCRIBING PLACES
STEP 1
,[. _ _ _ Before Vou Read

GROUPS OF FOUR: Nome an interesting ora beautiful place in or near your hometown.
Say one thing about it. Then report to the class.
There's an interesting ________ near my hometown.
OR
There's a beautiful ________ near my hometown.
---Read
1
(i Read the conversation.
JunY: OK. So where did you guys go on your vacation?

JosH: South Dakota. We went there especially to see Mount
Rushmore.
ELENA: Isn't there something famous about Mount Rushmore?
AMANDA: Yes, there is. There are four presidents' heads carved*
into the mountain. Here's a picture of them.
Mount Rushmore
JosH: Do you know who they are?
Juny: Sure. Washington, Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Lincoln.
ELENA: Wow! lt looks like a fantastic place. What else is there to see in the area?
' carved: cut out of stone or wood
There is/ There are 257

JosH: Well, there's a great national park called The Badlands.
It's only about 60 miles away, and it's beautiful.
AMANDA: And there are two interesting old mining towns called
Lead and Deadwood.
JosH: And there are a lot of caves in the area.
Bad lands Nati on al Park
AMANDA: And there's a little town called Wall. It has an amazing
drugstore- maybe the biggest one in the world.
JunY: Do you want to go back next year? Elena and I will go with you. Show us more.
A 1Pradice GROUPS OF FOUR: Practice the opening conversation.
a drugstore a bed-and-breakfast a national park a snack bar
a monument a waterfall an amusement park a traffic jam
C 1Vocabulary GROUPS: Use the vocabulary to ask about your partners' city,
neighborhood, or area.
ExAMPLE: A: Is there a drugstore in your neighborhood?
B: No, there isn't.
OR
Yes, there is. Are there any national parks in your state?
C: Yes, there are. There are two.
OR
No, there aren't.
258 UNIT 27
D 1Comprehension Look again at the opening conversation. Write T (True) or F (False).
Correct the false statements.
T 1. Mount Rushmore is famous.
2 . There are statues of five pr esidents on Mount Rushmore.
_L 3. Two of the presidents are Washington and Lincoln.
4. J osh th inks the Badlands are beautiful.
5. Wall is a drugstore.
THERE IS/ THEREARE
Singular Plural
There is a bank on th is block. There are th ree banks on this block.
There isn't a bank near here. There aren't any banks around here.
Singular Plural
A: Is there a drugstore around here? A: Are there any national parks in the area ?
B: Yes, there is. oR No, there isn't. B: Yes, there are. oR No, there aren't.
GRAMMAR NOTES
Use there is or there's to state facts about a · There is a message for you.
person or thing. OR
• There's a message for you .
Use there are if the noun is plural. There are two postca rds from Mount
Rushmore.
We often use there is or there are to t ell the • There is a snack bar over t here.
location of th ings or people. · There are two snack bars over there.
• There's someone at the door.
1l!I To state a negative fact, you can use there isn't

a / an or there aren't any.
To make a question, put is or are before there.

• There isn't a subway in this city.
• There aren't any theaters near here.
• Is there a bank near here?
li-~-------------------~---··---------- -----
• Are there any caves in this area?
(con tinued on next page)

Use there both in questions and in short A: Is there a pool in our hotel?
answers. B: Yes, there is. oR No, there isn't. oR No,
there's not.
A: How many rooms are there on this floor?
B: There are eight.
Use there's in speaking and informal writing. • There's a mall two miles from here.
(There's = There is)
BE CA REF UL! Don't use a plural noun after • There are some beautiful paintings in this
there's. museum.
Nor: ~some beautiful paintings in this
museum.
Use there the first time you talk about A: Is there a bank around here?
something. Use it or they after that. B: Yes, there is. lt's on the comer of First
Avenue and Barton Street.
A: Are there any theaters near here?
B: Yes, there are severa!. They're in the mall.
Read the conversation about a bed and breakfast. Underline there is and there are.
Draw an arrow between there and the noun or nouns it refers to.
MRs. GRANT: Hello. You must be Josh and Amanda Wang. I'm Amy Grant. Welcome. Can
~
-
you please sign the guest book? There's a pen right over there.
JosH: Thank you. We're glad there's a roam for us.
MRs. GRANT: Actually, there are two rooms to choose from, one on the second floor and
one on the third. The one on the third floor has a nice view of the waterfall,
but there isn't an elevator, unfortunately.
AMANDA: Oh, that's fine. We' d like the one with the nice view. Is there a bath in the
roam?
260 UNIT27
MRs. GRANT: No. Sorry about that. There's just one bathroom per floor. But we don't have
many guests. So, let's see . . . breakfast is from 7:00 until 9:00. There's coffee
in your room, and there are also crackers and cookies. Your room is up that
/ stairway over there. We'll see you in the morning.
JosH: Thanks a lot. See you then.
EXERCISE 2: There is/ There are/ They are (Grammar Notes 7-6)

MAN: What are your plans for today?
AMANDA: We're going to the Mount Rushmore
Monument. ____ls_t_h_e_r_e____ a bus we

1. {Is there / There's)
can take? We don't want to drive.
MAN: Yes, __________
2. {there is I it is)
The number 1O bus will get you there. And
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a bus stop justa block

3. {there's I there are)
down the street from the bed and breakfast.
JosH: Great ... Hmm. What about lunch? __________ any places to eat at
4. (Is there /Are there)
the park?
MAN: Yes, __________ a good park restaurant, and __________
5. (there's / it's) 6. {they are / there are)
a couple of snack bars. _ __ _ ______ a town a couple of miles
7. {There's / lt's)
away called Keystone. _________ _ a lot of restaurants there, and
8. {There are / They are)
__________ pretty reasonable in price. So have a great day. See you
9. {there are / they're)
this evening.

EXERCISE 3: There / lt / They (Grammar Note 6)
Complete the conversations with there, it, or they.

1. A: Why are you in such a hurry? Where are you going?
B: --~---'
he'-'-r--"-
e_ _ 's a concert downtown that starts in 15 minutes .
1.
A: What kind of concert is _ _ _ _ _ ?
2.
B: _ _ _ _ _ 's an indie rock concert.
3.
2. A: What is _ _ _ _ _ to do around here?
4.
B: Well, ______ are a lot of beautiful national parks to see.
5.
A: Are _ _ _ _ _ nearby?
6.
B: Yes, _ _ __ _ are all within 50 miles from here.
7.
EXERCISE 4: Editing
There are five mistakes in the letter. The first mistake is already corrected. Find and
correct four more mistakes.
éalamitfj. Jane's f3e~-an~-f3rea./yfast

Dear Kaihy,
There are
Greetin9s from Souih Dak.ota. /))e're havin9 a wonderfu.I time. .Jf:-.ffr so
many interestin9 thin9s to see and do here 1 'R..1,9ht now we're in Deadwood,
an o/d minin9 town. Are inlerestin9 /dt/e shops on every street, and iS a
/ot of fu.n stu.ff to bu.y. I hope my su.dcase iS bi9 eno1.J.9h. Are also a /ot of
beaLJÍ.ifu./ landmarks to see; we went to !1ou.nt 'R..u.shmore yesterday, and
we're 901,n9 to the Craz.y Horse monu.ment today. /))e're slayin9 ai a rea//y
niee bed-and-break.fast cal/ed Calamdy Jane's. Is a niee, comfortah/e pia.e.e,
and there are /ots of inlerestin9 peop/e from different p/ac.es stay1,n9 here.
I have to sl,9n off now; we're ready to 90 to Craz.y Horse.

Say hi to !1ark and everyone e/se.
Amanda
262 UNIT 27
STEP 4 c(>'M.MÜNl_CATIÓ.· N,..PRACÍIC,E _
.. ~ .~ - ' .l' " ~"
----·----
<!) A 1 Listefi to Josh and Amanda's conversation with some peop/e they meet at breakfast.
What country are the people from? _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
<!) B 1 Listen again. Check (v') T (True), F (False), or NI (No lnformation).

T F NI
1. At breakfast, there are no free tables. D D
2. Josh and Amanda like the British accent. D D D
3. Martin and Helen are from Manchester. D D D
4. Martin and Helen arrived by train. D D D
5. They will go to Mount Rushmore with 20 other people. D D D
6. Josh says to visit Wall Drug Store. D D D
7. Wall is about 60 miles west. D D D
8. There are restaurants inside Wall Drug Store. D D D
9. There are a lot of animals in Badlands National Park. D D D
10. Helen and Martin will visit Wall and the Badlands. D D D
<!) A Listen to the conversations. Then circle there are orthey are, there aren't, orthey
1
aren't.
1.~ they are
2. there are they are
5. there aren't they aren't
6. there aren't theyaren't

B 1 PAIRS: Practice the conversations. Take turns.
1. A: What can we see in this area?
B: There are caves nearby.
2. A: How are the people at your bed-and-breakfast?
B: They're great.
3. A: Are there any good hotels in this town?
B: Yes, there are several.
4. A: What are Lead and Deadwood?
B: They're old mining towns.
5. A: Where are Judy and Elena?
B: They aren't here yet.
6. A: Let's go to a movie.
B: There aren't any theaters nearby.
EXERCISE 7: Game
GROUPS: Form two teams. Everyone is going on a trip. Everyone has a suitcase with
something special in it. Each person describes his or her special item:
I have a _ _ _ _ _ _ __
The other team must repeat ali the items in sentences with there, it, and they. The team
that remembers the most items wins.
EXAMPLE: Team A: 1 have a cheap DVD player in my suitcase.
Team B: There's a DVD player in Alicia's suitcase. It's cheap.
Team A: 1 have two blue soccer balls in my suitcase.
Team B: There's a DVD player in Alicia's suitcase. It's cheap. There are two soccer
balls in Kam Wa's suitcase. They're blue ...
264 UNIT 27
EXERCISE 8: Writing
A 1 Write a short description (6 to 10 sentences) of one of your favorite places. Use there
is, there are, it is, and they are.
EXAMPLE: One of my favorite places is the Los Angeles area. There are lots of interesting things
/ to see around L.A. There's Hollywood, for example. It's a fascinating place. Sometimes
you can see movie stars in Hollywood. There are several amusement parks, and
they're a lot of fun. There's Disneyland ...
Editing Checklist
Did you use ... ?

D there is, there are, it is, and they are
correctly
D correct spelling

EXERCISE A
A: ____________ a bed-and-breakfast neàr here?
1. (Is there I There's)
B: Yes, - - - - - - - - - - -· lt's justa few block from here.
2. (there is I it is)
A: And any restaurants around here?
3. (is there I are there)
B: Yes, ____________ a great Chinese restaurant on Second Street, and
4. (there's I it's)
____________ two good pizza places on Mina Street.
S. (they are I there are)
EXERCISE B
Complete the conversation with there ar they.
A: Good afternoon. Betty's Bed-and-Breakfast.
B: Hi, are _ _____ any rooms?
A: Yes, _ __ _ __ are two rooms. ______'re both on the third floor.
B: Do _ _ _ _ __ h ave TVs?
A: Yes. _ _ _ _ __ 's a TV in every room.
EXERCISE C
Correct the conversation. There are five mistakes.
A: What is the West Edmonton Mall?
B: There's a gigantic shopping center in Edmonton, Canada.
A: What is they to see in the mall?
B: Well, there is probably the biggest mall in North America. There has 800 stores, and
it is even a skating rink.
266 Unit 27 Review: There is/ There are

MODIFIERS; (OMPARISONS;
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
U N IT G RAMMAR FOCUS THEME

28 Noun and Adjective Modifiers Personal Characteristics
29 Comparative Adjectives Planning a Get-together
30 Prepositions of Time: ln, On, At Leisure Activities
267
~ 28
Noun and Adjective Modifiers
PERSONAL (HARACTERISTICS
STEP 1

A 1You are looking for a new friend. What's most important for you? Rank the
characteristics from 1 (least important) to 6 (most important)
artistic honest rich
fun-loving kind smart
B 1 Circle the two things you like best:

action films bird-watching computer science modem art science museums
art museums computer games jazz bands romantic films
C 1GROUPS: Compare your answers.
l !' •••Read
(i Read the personal ads from the Seattle Daily's online list www.sdo.gom.
The Seattle Daily
····~~···· MEN WOMEN
1. Am 1for you? Are you interested in a 4. Let's get together. l'm an artistic
35-year-old, fun-loving man? 1 enjoy 20-year-old woman. l like modem art
jazz bands and sandy beaches. l'm and modem dance.
looking for a kind, sensitive woman.
5. l'm a tall 19-year-old college woman.

2. l'm a rich , healthy, active 80-year-old l'm a computer science major. l like
man. l love to travei to beautiful places. computers, tennis, mystery movies, and
1 want to enjoy life with a lively fast cars. l'm looking for a smart guy
middle-aged woman. with similar interests.
3. l'm a 25-year-old chemistry professor. 6. 75-year-old woman. Rich, funny,

1 enjoy bird-watching and long walks in warm, and honest. Enjoys spy movies
the country. l'm looking for a woman and travei to unusual places. Looking
with similar interests. for a younger man with similar
interests.
268 UNIT 28
1l••• After Vou Read
A Pradice PAIRS: Practice the opening reading. Take turns reading the ads.
1
(il B 1Vocabulary Listen and repeat the words. Write new words in a notebook.
ADJECTIVE + NOUN
fun-loving man honest man artistic woman
NOUN+NOUN
WOMEN
A. Let's get togerher. Artistic

20-year-old woman looking for an
artistic man.
B. 19-year-old computcr science

major. Enjoys tennis, mysreries,
and fast cars. Looking for a smart
guy with similar interests.
personal ads spymovies chemistry computer science

professor major
C 1Vocabulary Complete the sentences. Write the correct vocabulary words.
1. Do you think online ____,_p--'e_ ---_n_a_/_a_d_s____ are a good way to meet someone?
- r-'so
2. She's a ____ ________ . She wants to write computer programs after
college.
3. We always have fun when we're with him. He's a ____________
4. My grandfather likes ____________ , especially the James Bond series.
5. After class, I can ask my ____________ about that chemistry problem.
6. She's an ____________ . You can see her artwork in the library this
month.
7. I always believe him. He's an ____________
Noun and Adjective Modifiers 269

D 1Comprehension Match the events with the ads in the opening reading.
WEEKEND EVENTS
West Park
3 9 A.M. Walk in the park with Dr. John Brook. Learn about the interesting plants, ,
animals, and birds in West Park.
8 P.M.-Jazz concert-The King Trio
Cineplex
6 P.M.-The Spy from Alaska

8 P.M.-Who Killed Sammy Singer?
Art Museum
The Art of Jackson Pollack
Trip to Westville Falls in Montana
_ _ Take a trip to the beautiful waterfall. Sign up today.
DESCRI PTIVE ADJ ECTIV'ES
Subject
This woman
These women
•is
are
Adjective
artistic.
ififüM'••
She
They
is
are
an
Adjective
artistic
NOUN MODIFIERS
--ifl.piiiifi.1!114
a film.
Wesaw spy
two films.
DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVE + NOUN MODIFIER
••
He's
She's
a
an
Adjective
young
excellent
computer
tennis player.
270 UNIT28
GRAMMAR NOTES
Adjectives can modify (describe) nouns. They ADJECTIVE NOUN

give more information about a noun. • 1like romantic music.
NOUN NOUN
/ Nouns can also modify nouns.
• He's a tennis player.
Adjectives can come after the verb be or • She is artistic.

before a noun. • She's an artistic woman.
BE CAREFUL! Adjectives can end in -ing,-ly, • She's an interesting woman.

and -ed. • She's lively and friendly.
• She's never bored.
li Some adjectives contain two or more words.
-~~
• She's fun-loving .
Do not add -s to an adjective ora noun • He's looking for a fast car.
modifier. • He likes fast cars.
• He wants a leather jacket.
• He likes leather jackets.
Nor: He likes fasts cars.
He likes leathers jackets.
Before a singular count noun: • She's a young woman.

Use a before a modifier that begins with a • lt's a travei magazine.
consonant sound. Use an before a modifier • She's an artistic woman.
that begins with a vowel sound. • lt's an art school.
When both an adjective and a noun modify a • 1have a new leather jacket.
noun, the adjective comes first. • He's a good tennis player.
Noun and Adjective Modifiers 27 1

------ ·--- ·-- -- ~· -

Underline the adjective modifiers. Circle the noun modifiers. Then match the sentence
beginnings and endings.
e 1. He's a~ a. walks.
2. He likes to take ~ng b. interests.
3. We are listening to a jazz /. major.
4. They like the sarne things. d. books.
They have similar e. shop.
5. He likes to read grammar f. band.
6. Let's meet in front of the gift g. salad.
7. She's a famous movie h. shirts.
8. My favorite dish is chicken i. star.
9. They both like spy j. movies.
10. He always wears cotton
EXERCISE 2: Modifiers (Grammar Notes 7-6)
Complete the conversation. Put the words in the correct arder.

A: How does he dress?
B: He usually wears an ___o_l_d_l_ea_t_h_e_r----j_a_ck._e_t_ __

1. (old I jacket / leather)
____________,and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
2. (cotton Jblack /T-shirts) 3. (jeans I baggy)
A: What does he drive?
B: He drives a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
4. (sports I black I car)
A: Where does he live?
B: He lives in a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
s. (house Jbrick I small)
with a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
6. (garden / beautiful /rock)
in front.
A: What does he like?
B:
7. (spy I old I movies)
272 UNIT28
EXERCISE 3: Modifiers (Grammar Notes 7-6)
Complete the conversation. Write the correct words from the box.
blue delicious juice nice pancakes shop

,bfoeberry computer science hungry major orange polite
JunY: So, Elena, How was your date?
ELENA: OK. We met at 11 :00 in front of the --~c_

of~f~
e~e ___ - - - - - - - - · I
1. 2.
had ________ - - - - - - - - · They were - - - - - - - - · He
~ ~ ~
just drank a glass of ________ - - - - - - - - · 1 guess he wasn't

6. 7.
8.
Juny: What did you talk about?
ELENA: School mostly. He's a ________ - - - - - - - - · He plans to teach. He

9. 10.
wants to be a professor.
JunY: What did he wear?
ELENA: He wore a light ________ shirt and jeans.

11.
JunY: Are you going to go out again?
ELENA: 1 don't know. He was ________ and ________ but nothing more.
12. 13.
EXERCJSE 4: Edíting
There are six mistakes in the letter to advice columnist Dahlia. The first mistake is
already corrected. Find and correct five more mlstakes.
t-\y 'bóy.Pvi.e\\J.., Joe, i.s wo\\J..ev.P1Al. \.\e's A. ki.\\J.., \.\o\\es+-, O\\\J.. i.\\telli.~e\\t. \.\e \.\"'s
O\\\jo'b ~ooJ.. O\\\J.. "'\.\e"'v+- ki.\\J... -r\.\eve's O\\ly ó\\e pvo'ble1M. \.\e J..oes\\'t li.ke to
spe\\J.. IMO\\ey. We "'lw"'ys w"'+-c\.\ í\r "'+- \.\i.s \.\01Ase, O\\\J.. \.\e J..oes\\ 1+- eve\\ \.\"'ve

' ' , '':.-""' '... . ,,
STEP 4 COMM'UNICATION
. -
PRACTICE . ' ' ·,' .;,.:. .,,'
i) A 1 Listen to the conversation between Ken and his friend Brian. Circle the correct letter ·.
to complete the sentence.
Mia and Ken are in the sarne _ __
a. history class b. music class
(!) B 1 Listen again. Find Briari's friend Mia. Draw a circle around Mia.
(!) A1 Read and /isten to the Pronunciation Note.
Pronunciation Note
And is usually a weak word. lt sounds li ke 'n'. Join and to the word befo re it.
(!) B 1 Listen to the sentences and repeat.

1. He's kind and honest.
2. She's young and fun-loving.
3. They're rich and famous .
4. He enjoys math and computer science.
C 1 PA/RS: Tell your partner the following information. Use "and" in your statements.
• two school subjects you like
• two colors you like
• two kinds of movies you like
• two kinds of music you like
EXAMPLEs: I like history and geography.
I like blue and green.
274 UNIT28
EXERCISE 7: Describe People
A 1 Match the words and their opposites. Use your dictionary if you need to.
_ b_ 1. friendly a. stingy
-------;--=: 2. kind j. unfriendly
_ _ 3. generous e. serious
4. honest d. dishonest
5. fun-loving e. cold
6. warm f. mean
B 1 Use adjectives to describe six people. For example, describe your neighbor, sister or
brother, cousin, aunt or une/e, a friend, boss, or doctor. Write six sentences. Begin
three sentences with 1have a / an . Begin three sentences with
My is ________.
EXAMPLES: 1 have a generous uncle.
My doctor is serious and kind.
C I GROUPS: Read your sentences to the group.
EXERCISE 8: Describe Things

A 1 Do you know the words? lf not, look them up in your dictionary.
brick cotton denim leather nylon paper wool
B 1 PAIRS: Look around your classroom. Describe 10 things by their material or fabric.
EXAMPLES: a leather belt, a nylon jacket
C 1 Add an adjective to each item in Part B.

EXAMPLEs: an interesting leather belt, a colorful nylon jacket
D 1 Write five sentences using the items in Part B.

EXAMPLE: Won 11 is wearing an interesting leather belt.

EXERCISE 9: Writing
A 1 Write an answer to one of the personal ads on page 268. Use adjectives and noun
modifiers. Post your answer on the wall. Read your classmates' answers.
E XAMPLE:
Dear Am I for You,

I think you are for me. I'm
easygoing, and I love jazz bands
and walks on the beach.
I'm an artist. I love to read and
write and talk. I'm 26 years old.
There's one other thing. I love cats.
I have six cats. Is that OK? Please
email me at catlovers@qol.com.
Sincerely,
You're for Me
Editing Checklist
Did you use . . . ?

D adjectives and noun modifiers
correctly
D correct spelling
276 UNIT 28
EXERCISE A
Complete the sentences. Write the correct words from the box.
artistic fun-loving honest personal spy
1. She used a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ad to find a new friend.
2. I love ________ movies with James Bond.
3. My brother is ________ ; he paints beautiful pictures.
4. Roberto loves parties; he's a ________ guy.
5. Mei-ling is very ________ and never tells lies.
EXERCISE B
Complete the sentences. Put the words in parentheses in the correct order.
1. Do you have _______________________________ ?

(running I new I shoes)
(sandwiches / chicken / big)
(expensive / suit / an / wool)
(a / restaurant /pizza / popular)
(apartment / building /a / brick)
EXERCISE C
Correct the personal ad. There are five mistakes.
l'm án smart, lively, 35-year-old woman. 1 like to cook, and 1 enjoy longs walks on the beach . l'm
not a tennis great player, but 1 !ove to play tennis! l'm looking for a educated, man sensitive. Do
you have similar interests? Let's get together!
Unit 28 Review: Noun and Adjective Modifiers 277

~ 29
Comparative Adjectives
PLANNING A GET-TOGETHER
STEP 1

PAIRS: Write the names of two types of music. Which is better for listening? Which is
better for dancing? Then report to the class.
EXAMPLE: I think rock is better for listening ....
•••Read
<!) Read the conversation.
KEN: So when's the party?
LAURA: Saturday night about 8:00.
MARTY: How many people are coming? Did you send
invitations?
LAURA: Yeah. I've got 15 on the list.
MARTY: What about music? 1 can bring my rap and
heavy metal CDs.
KEN: Get real! We want to dance, right? Rap is bad
for dancing, and heavy metal is worse. Any
other kind of pop music is better for dancing.
MI YouNG: Let's have hip-hop then.
LAURA: OK. My older brother has a lot of hip-hop
CDs. Now, what about food and snacks?
KEN: How about steak? We can barbecue some
steak. And chips are fine for a snack.
MI YouNG: Let's get pizza. It's easier and quicker than
steak. And it's cheaper.
LAURA: OK. What about desserts and beverages?
MI YouNG: We've gotice cream, and we've got soda and
juice.
KEN: What about entertainment? Besides dancing, 1
mean.
MARTY: How about watching some DVDs?
LAURA: Well ... I'm tired of them. Games are more interesting than DVDs, ata party.
KEN: Hey, 1 know a really funny new game. It's called, "Who's faster? Who's smarter?
Who's funnier?" We can play that.
278 UNIT29
1111••• After Vou Read
A 1Pradice GROUPS OF FOUR: Practice the opening conversation.
fif Sodo
~ Chips
D
~~
D
St1/so
Ice
You're Invite.à \
toMy
fi1" Mvsic Party!
a list an invitation entertainment a game
snacks popmusic beverages desserts
C 1Vocabulary Complete the sentences. Use the correct forms of the vocabulary words.
1. Rock, rap, hip-hop, and heavy metal are all types of ---~P,_º-+p_m_u_s_
ic_ _ __
2. When you are planning a party, you usually make _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ of the
people you want to invite.
3. Sometimes you send people to the party.
4. are foods, usually sweet, that people eat after a meal.
5. We usually play that when we get together.
6. Things to drink are called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _
7. Games, movies, and dancing are all types of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
8. ____________ are foods that people eat between meals or at parties.
Comparative Adjectives 279

D 1Comprehension Look again at the opening conversation and complete the
sentences.
1. Mi Young thinks _ _ _
h1..._ p _ _ _ is better for dancing.
·p_-h_o..._
2. ________ is quicker to prepare than steak.
3. ________ is more expensive than pizza.
4. Ken says ________ is worse than rap for dancing.
5. Laura thinks that, at a party, _ __ _ __ __ are more interesting than DVDs.
STEP 2 GRAMMAR PRESENTATION
COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES
Comparative Adjectives with -er

Comparative Adjective than
The train is quicker than the bus.
The bus is cheaper.
Comparative Adjectives with more

Comparative Adjective than
Movies are more interesting than television .
They 're more expensive too.
GRAMMAR NOTES
Use t he comparative form of an adjective + • Ken is taller than Laura.

than to compare two people, places, or things. • Pizza is quicker than steak.
We can omit than when the context is clea r. • lt's cheaper. (cheaper than steak)
To form the comparative of short YOUNG -+ YOUNGER
(one-syllable) adjectives, add -er to the • Lau ra is younger than Ken.

adjective. lf the adjective ends in -e, just add -r.
LARGE -+ LARGER
• New York is larger than Chicago.
To form the comparative of two-syllable EASY -+ EASIER
adjectives t hat end in-y, change the y to i an d • Pizza is easier than steak.
add-er.
280 UNIT 29
To fo rm t he comparative of most adjectives of CROWDED --7 MORE CROWDED
two or more syllables, use more before t he • New York is more crowded than Chicago.
adjective.
INTERESTING --7 MORE INTERESTING
• This book is more interesting than that one.
The adject ives good and bad have irregular GOOD --7 BITTER
com pa rative forms. • Rock is better than metal for dancing.
BAD --7 WORSE
• Rap is worse than metal fo r dancing.
Use which to ask about a co mparison of th ings A: Which is better, rock o r rap?
or places. B: 1t hink rock is better (than ra p).
Use who t o ask about people. A: Who's older, you o r you r cousin ?
B: 1am. l'm 25, an d he's 23.

A 1 Look at the opening conversation. Write the adjectives in bold in the correct
category.
Short 1 Adjectives That 1 Long 1 Irregular

Adjectives End in -y Adjectives Adjective Forms
worse
B 1 Match the sentence beginnings and endings.

1. Nuts are a healthier snack f a. the movies than at the supermarket.
2. My shopping list is longer _ _ h. than pie.
3. Beverages are more expensive at _ _ e. than yours.
4. Level 1 is easier _ _ d. than the weather on Tuesday.
5. For dessert, fruit is better _ _ e. than level 2.
6. The weather on Friday was worse _ _ / than candy.
Co mparat ive Adjectives 281

EXERCISE 2: Comparative Adjectives (Grammar Notes 7-5)
Look at the picture. Compare the people. Use the words in parentheses.
1. (Marty / Ken / tall) Ken is ta/ler than Mart y.
2. (Marty/Ken/old)~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3. (Marty's clothes / Ken's clothes / colorful) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
4. (MiYoung/Laura/short) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
5. (Mi Young's hair / Laura's hair / dark) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
6. (Lisa/ David/ good) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ at dancing.
7. (Jasoh / Maia / bad) at singing.
EXERCISE 3: Comparative Adjectives (Grammar Notes 7-6)
Put the words in the correct order. Make conversations.
1. A: worse, / cafeteria food /is/ Which / restaurant food / or
_ltV
_ h_
ic_h_i_
s _w
_o_r_
s~e ,_c_a_
f_et
_e_r_
ia_fo_o_
d_o
_r_r
_e_s_
t_au
_r_a_
n_t _~_
oo
_d_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~?
B: is / worse / cafeteria food / think / I
2. A: father / you / taller / Are / your / than
B: heavier / he's / but / Yes,
282 UNIT 29
3. A: fun / than DVDs /Are/ more / games
B: fun / Yes, games / more / than DVDs / are

,.,
4. A: for a party, / better / is / Which / p op m u sic or jazz
B: think / pop m u sic / better / I / is
EXERCISE 4: Editing
There are seven mistakes in the composition. The first mistake is already corrected. Find
Ben Olson
better
I r:!_ml:I o einion. a dog ~a goo~er p~t than g cat -~ no~ beca ~s~
o- _we hqye a dog and a cai_ at home. Her ~9re '.!!!:! reasons. First a dQg_is
_ J r iendly than a ca_t Jitl:I d<2_g is more_haeeH_to ~~e _me when ! come home. __
My cat j 5:!st doesn't_ care. Secori~a dog is act_iyer. I__gLways fake ~l:I
_dog _fgr a walk. I C9_n~t do tha t_with my_cat She g nly~ants ! o sleefJ.
_Third. _a dogJ s inte_r:_esting_than_9_cat My dog~ playfoler t~an my cat 1

__ He kng_ws a l()t ()f !ricks. Ml:I cat _d_Qesnj know any tricks qj:_all. She'::;
borin_g :.. Last _g__ dog is mo~ pr()t~_EtiverJ:b_an a cat fv1y_dog barks if_ _
anyone com~s to tbe hou ~e. Th_~ at ju::;i" _!'Uns and hides. I think dogs
Q_ rui e.

(!) A Listen to Ken's conversation with his grandmother. What two new subjects is Ken
1
taking this semester?
(!) B 1 Read the statements. Listen again. Check (./) T (True), F (False), or
NI (No lnformation).
T F NI
1. Ken's classes are easier than they were last semester. D D
2. Ken is taking a Spanish class this semester. D D D
3. Ken is better at music than heis at art. D D D
4. The music teacher is harder than the art teacher. D D D
5. The art teacher's tests are easier than the music teacher's tests. D D D
6. The art teacher gives lower grades than the music teacher. D D D
7. Ken's grandmother thinks he should take the music class. D D D
8. Ken's grandmother is making raspberry cheesecake. D D D
1
Pronunciation Note
There are two "th" sounds in English: the voiced sound /õ/ and t he voiceless sound /9/.
Voiced means that the vocal cords make a vibration . Voiceless means that the vocal
cords do not make a vibratio n. The "th" sound in this, that, these, and those is voiced .
The "th " soun d in think, tooth, and thing is voiceless.
284 UNIT29
(!) B 1 Listen and repeat the sentences. Circle the voiced "th" sounds you hear. Underline
the voiceless "th" sounds.
1. I think@is pafu is longer@ m @at one.
2. Tge weather is better this month than last month.
3. The exercise on page thirty-two is easier than the exercise on page thirty-one.
4. Beth is thinner than my mother.
5. Their brothers are older than our brothers.
6. Let's go to another movie that's more interesting.
7. They're luckier than we are.
8. Kathy's toothache is getting worse, and it's bothering hera lot.
C 1 PAIRS: Practice the sentences.
EXERCISE 7: Comp~re People and Things

A 1 GROUPS OF FOUR: On the chart, write two examples of each topic. Then write the
question for that topic. Use the comparative of the adjective given.
EXAMPLE: algebra, psychology
Which is harder, algebra or psychology?
Topic / Adjective Example 1 Number Example2 Number

1 1 1 1
School subject / hard algebra psychology
Actor / funny
Music / good for dancing
Activities / interesting
B 1 GROUPS OF FOUR: Take turns asking and answering until everyone has given an
opinion on the topic.
EXAMPLE: A: Which is harder, algebra or psychology?
B: 1 think algebra is harder.
C 1 GROUPS OF FOUR: Record the numbers for each opinion. Report your answers to
the class.
EXAMPLE: Three people in our group think algebra is harder than psychology, but one person
thinks psychology is harder.

EXERCISE 8: Writing
A 1 Write a paragraph (6 to10 sentences) that compares two people. Use comparative
adjectives in your paragraph.
e
EXAMPLE: I have two good friends, Tomás and Luís. I like them both very much, but they're
very different. Tomás is serious-a lot more serious than Luís. Luís is funnier than
Tomás . ..
Editing Checklist
Did you use ... ?

D comparative adjectives correctly
D correct spelling
286 UNIT 29
EXERCISE A
Complete the sentences. Use the comparative forms ofthe words in parentheses.
1. Trains are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (fast) than buses.
2. Planes are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (expensive) than trains.
3. Apples are (healthy) than donuts.
4. The book was (good) than the movie.
5. My math grades are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (bad) than my science grades.
EXERCISE B
On a separate sheet of paper, put the words in the correct order. Make conversations.
1. A: Is Miami / hotter / than / Los Angeles
B: is / hotter / Miami / think / I
2. A: than / Are amusement parks / interesting / more / museums
B: amusement parks / I / are / interesting / think / more
3. A: sister / older / your / you /Are/ than
B: taller / she's / but / Yes,
EXERCISE C
Correct the description. There are four mistakes.
I met two interesting men through personal ads- Ken and John. Ken is smarter and
funny than John. But John is more richer and more handsome. Ken is more nice, so I think
Ken is much good.
Unit 29 Review: Comparative Adjectives 287

~ 30
Prepositions of Time: ln, On, At
LEISURE ACTIVITIES

GROUPS OF FOUR: Ask each other, "Where do you expect to be on the weekend? Where
do you want to be in 2015?" Then report to the class.
EXAMPLE: 1 expect to be in Mexico City on the weekend.
1 want to be in college in 2015 .
r• -•Read
(i Read the conversations.
TIM: Tim Olson.
FELIX: Hello, Tim! This is Felix Maxa. Do you
remember me? We met in June on the train to
Seattle.
TIM: Felix! Of course! It's great to hear from you.
How are you doing?
FELIX: Wonderful. Say, I called to invite you and your
wife to our house for a barbecue.
TIM: That sounds like fun. We' d really like that. When
is it?
FELIX: On Saturday, the 20th, in the afternoon.
TIM: I think we're free. But I need to check with Jessica. Can I call you back?
FELIX: Sure.
(LATER - phone rings)
FELIX: Hello?
TIM: Hi, Felix. This is Tim. We're free on the 20th. We can come to the barbecue.
FELIX: Great!
TIM: What's the address?
FELIX: We're at 819 40th Avenue. From 45th, turn left on Stone Way and then right on
40th. It's the third house on the right, a light blue two-story.
TIM: OK. What time?
FELIX: We're going to eat about 2:00. Why don't you come at 1:00? We can talk for a while.
288 UNIT30
TIM: Great . Can we bring anything?
FELIX: Maybe your sneakers. We're going to play volleyball.
TIM: OK. Thanks a lot. I'm looking forward t o it. See you on Saturday at 1:00. Bye.
FELIX: Good-bye.
, ,;
-i /
• • • • After Vou Read

J A 1Pradice PAIRS: Practice the opening conversations.
<!) B 1Vocabulary Listen and repeat the words. Write new words in a notebook.
have a barbecue play volleyball goshopping
go to a play a two-story house
be free =to have open time of course = certainly, look forward to= to expect
without anything planned naturally to enjoy something
C 1Vocabulary GROUPS: Look at the vocabulary again. What activity do you like the
most? What activity do you like the least? Tell the group.
Prepositions ofTime: ln, On, At 289

D 1Comprehension Look again at the opening conversations. Write T (True) or F (False).
Correct the false statements.
train
t
F 1. Tim met Felix on a .plane.
_ _ 2. They met in June.
3. The barbecue is on Saturday evening.
4. Felix and his wife live on SOth Avenue.
5. They live in a house with two floors.
6. They're going to eat at 2:00.
_ _ 7. They're going to play baseball at the barbecue.
- - - · - -·-·. ··- -
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME: IN, ON, AT
in 2012 in t he aftern oon

in January in t he evening on January 20 on weekdays at dinnerti me
in the morn ing on weekends on t he 10t h at night
GRAMMAR NOTES
Use in with years, months, and parts of the • 1 was bom in 1988.
day, and in expressions like in a few minutes. • We were in Japan in August.
• The barbecue is in the afternoon.
• Can 1call you back in a few minutes?
BE CAR EFUL! Don't use in the with night. • The game is at night.
Use at. NoT: The game is ffi-tl:le night
Use on with days of the week and dates, and • The barbecue is on Saturday.
in expressions like on weekdays, on weekends, • lt's on January 21 .
and on weeknights. • 1 often goto the movies on weekends.
Use at with times and in expressions such as at • The party starts at 7:00 at night.
night and at dinnertime. • We always have good conversations at
dinnertime.
290 UNIT 30
Read fim's email to Jessica. Find and underline ali time expressions with in, on, and at.
Hi Honey, 1couldn't reach you on the phone. Do you remember Felix Maxa? 1met him on the
train in June. Felix called and invited us to a barbecue at their house near the university. The
barbecue is on the 20th, at 1:00. 1know we're going to a play on Sunday afternoon, but 1think
we're free on Saturday. Are we free? Please get back to me right away. Love, Tim
EXERCISE 2: ln, On, and At (Grammar Notes 7-3)
Complete the conversation with in, on, ar at.

TIM: This is a nice big meal. Is lunch the biggest
meal in Romania?
FELIX: Yes, it is. We don't eat much for dinner.
JESSICA: Are mealtimes the sarne as here? Do you eat
lunch ot noon like we do?

1.
DANIELA: No, we usually have lunch later _ _ __
2.
the afternoon- ____ 2:00 or 2:30.
3.
TIM: What about breakfast? I usually have
breakfast _ _ _ _ 6:45 or 7:00. Is it similar in Romania?

4.
FELIX: Well, we usually have breakfast a bit later-_ _ _ _ 7:30 or so.
5.
JESSICA: So it's a long time between breakfast and lunch. You must get hungry.
DANIELA: Well, people usually have a snack, like a sandwich, _ _ _ _ the late morning-
6.
_ _ _ _ 11 :30 or so.
7.
FELIX: It's different _ _ _ _ weekends, of course. We get up later.
8.
TIM: I'd like to visit Romania sometime.
DANIELA: Well, Felix and I are going back to Romania _ _ _ _ a few weeks-on separate
9.
flights, unfortunately. But we'll send you a postcard.
Prepositions ofTime: ln, On, At 291

EXERCISE 3: ln, On, and At (Grammar Notes 7-3)
Write questions and answers. Add necessary words.

1. A: What time/ be / dinner
B: Dinner / be / usually / 7:00 or 7:30
2. A: What time / people / start work / morning
B: People / usually / start work / 8:00
3. A: What / people /do/ evening
B: They ! often / watch TV / evening
4. A: What / people / do / weekends
B: They ! often / go shopping / weekends
EXERCISE 4: Editing
There are eight mistakes in the statements. The first mistake is already corrected. Find
and correct seven more mistakes.
on
1. Daniela is leaving Seattle ffl- Monday, January 25, on 12:00 noon.
2. Her flight arrives in Chicago at 6:00 at the evening.
3. Her flight to London leaves at 7:30 in night.
4. Flight 774 arrives in London in 11:30 in the morning.
5. Her flight to Bucharest leaves in 2:00 P.M. in January 26.
6. It arrives in Bucharest at 6:05 at the evening.
292 UNIT 30
STEP 4 COMMUNICATION PRACTICE
(!) A Lis,tén to the telephone conversation. Where is Felix going on his trip?
1
(!) B 1 Listen again. Complete the chart. Use in, on, ar at.
Day, month, and date 1 Time first flight leaves 1 Time second flight 1 Day, month, and
Felix leaves Seattle Seattle leaves Seattle date Felix returns to
Seattle
on Thursday. January
30th
1
Pronunciation Note
Two important vowel s in Eng lish are /a!/, as in the word hat, and /a/, as in the word hot.
ExAMPLEs : How do you spell "pat"? /a!/

How do you spell "pot"? /a /
(!) B 1 Listen to the sentences. Circle the /a!/ sounds. Underline the /a/ sounds.
1. S@turday, October 30th, is St@n's birthday.
2. Bob has a snack every morning at eleven o'clock.
3. Nancy usually has a sandwich in the early afternoon.
4. The party starts at 6:30 and will be at Robert's house.
5. John and 1 planto watch the play after we go shopping.
6. Alice can't be here at 6:00, but Margaret can.
C 1 PAIRS: Practice the sentences. Make the / a!/ and /a/ sounds different from each
other.
Prepositi ons ofTime: ln, On, At 293

EXERCISE 7: Ask and Answer
GROU PS OF FOUR: Ask questions. Complete the chart. Then te// the other groups one
thing you learned.
ExAMPLE: A: What do you never do on Sundays?
B: 1 never study on Sundays.
Vou Student 1 Student 2 Student 3

1 1 1 1
never / on Sundays
rarely / in July
usually / on weekdays
almost never / in the evening
almost always / at night
EXERCISE 8: Writing
A 1 Write a short letter (6 to 10 sentences) describing a party. Say what type of party it
was, where it was, and when it was. Use in, on, and at in your letter.
ExAMPLE: Dear Mom and Dad,
1 had a great birthday party on Saturday, August 17, in the evening. The party started
at 6:00. We played volleyball for an hour. At 7:00 we ate pizza and all kinds of desserts.
1 got some really nice presents ...
Editing Checklist
Did you use ... ?

D in, on, and at correctly
D correct spelling
294 UNIT30
EXERCISE A
Complete the sentences with in, on, or at.
1. My birthday is _____ September.
2. What do you usually do weekends?
3. This class starts _____ 9 A.M.
4 . They usually do their homework _ _ _ __ the evening.
5. Our anniversary is _____ Friday.
EXERCISE B
Write questions and answers. Add necessary words.
1. A: What / your children / do / afternoon

-------------------------------~?
B: They / often / watch TV / afternoon
2. A: What time / be / breakfast

-------------------------------~?
B: Breakfast / be / usually / 8:00
3. A: Where / you / go / holidays

-------------------------------~?
B: We / usually / go to the beach / holidays
EXERCISE C
Correct the passage. There are four mistakes.
On weekdays, m y life is a little boring. I usually leave the house at 6:00 the morning. I
start work at 8:00, and I go home at 6 P.M . On dinnertime, I surf the Internet. Then I make
phone calls at the evening. I go to bed at 11 :00 at the night.
Unit 30 Review: Preposit ions ofTime: ln, On, At 295

Furu RE WITH BE GOING TO
31 Future with Be going to: Statements Sporting Events
32 Future with Be going to : Questions Career Plans and Goals
297
~ 31
Future with Be going to: Statements
SPORTING EVENTS
STEP 1

GROUPS OF FOUR: Ask each other, "What is your favorite sporting event?" Are any of
your answers the sarne? Use an example from the box or your own example. Then report
to the class.
EXAMPLE: My favorite sporting event is the Super Bowl.
the Olympics the Super Bowl the World Cup the World Series
•••Read
LAURA: Ken, hurry up! We're going to be late!
KEN: What's the hurry? It's justa silly little soccer game!
LAURA: It's not silly, and it's not little. Sam's on the team! It's a
big game. I think they're going to win.
KEN: I know. That's what you told me. Is your brother a
good player?
LAURA: He's really good.
KEN: Do I need an umbrella?
LAURA: No. It's not going to rain ... Come on.
(LATER)
LAURA: Can you drive any faster?
KEN: I'm already doing the speed limit. But how come you
like soccer so much?
LAURA: It's a great game. A lot of people can play it. You don't
have to be a giant.
KEN: But is it a real sport? Take baseball or basketball or
football. Those are sports.
LAURA: Soccer is the most popular sport in the world.
KEN: Well, it's not the most popular sport in my world.
LAURA: Oh, no! A traffic jam! The game's going to start soon.
KEN: Laura, chill out! We're going to make it on time.
298 UNIT31
A 1Pradice PAIRS: Practice the opening conversation.
(il B 1Vocabulary Listen and repeat the words. Write new words in a notebook.
basketball baseball football
soccer hockey swimming
skiing gymnastics running
C 1Vocabulary GROUPS: Look at the vocabulary again. Which sport do you /ike to
watch most? Which sport do you /ike to watch least? Discuss your answers. Rank
them 1 (like least) to 9 (like most).
Future with Be going to: Statements 299

D 1Comprehension Look again at the opening conversation. Circle the correct answers
to complete the sentences.
1. Ken (knows /~ a lot about soccer.
2. Laura thinks her brother's team (is I isn't) going to win their soccer game.
3. According to Laura, her brother (is I isn't) a good soccer player.
4. Laura thinks it (is I isn't) goin g to rain.
5. Ken (is I isn't) driving too fast.
6. According to Laura, you (have to be I don't have to be) big to play soccer well.
7. Laura says soccer (is I isn't) the most popular sport in the world.
8. Laura is afraid they (are I are not) going to make it to the soccer game on time.
1
FUTURE WITH BE GOING TO: STATEMENTS
Affirmative Statements
amgoingto isgoing to aregoing to
1am going to have a pa rty next He is going to graduate in June. We are going to see a movie
weekend . She is going to be an Olympic t onig ht.
athlete. You are going to enjoy this party.
lt is going to rain today. They are going to bring pizza to
the pa rty.
. Negative Statements .
am not going to is not going to are not going to
1am not going to drive fast. lt is not going to rain . We are not going to be lat e.
l'm not going to drive fast. lt's not going to rain . We're not going to be late.
lt isn't going to rain. We aren't going to be late.
Future Time Expressions

this afternoon tonight tomorrow
He's goi ng to study this afternoon. Hé's goin g to play soccer tonight. He's going to visit his parent s
tomorrow.
300 UNIT 31
GRAMMAR NOTES
li We can use be going to to talk about the

future.
• We're going to be late.
• lt's going to rain.
a To form the future with be going to, use am, is,

or are+ going to + the base form of the verb.
• They are going to win.
li To make a negative sentence, place not before

goingto.
• They are not going to lose.
• lt is not going to snow.
li Use contractions in conversation and informal

writing.
REFERENCE NOTE
• The game's going to start soon.
• lt isn't going to rain. Don't worry.
For yes /no questions and wh- questions with be going to, see Unit 32.

Underline the examples of be going to+ base form use d to make sentences about the
future. Then match the questions and answers.
e 1. Josh, do I need my heavy coat? a. Yes. Actually, he's going to be in a
competition tonight.
2. Dad, what are we going to do
tonight? b. Probably. They're a great couple.
3. Mom, where's Dad going? e. Judy's going to graduate.
4. Do you think Mark and Kathy d. He and Ben are going to swim for an
are going to get married? hour or so at the pool.
5. What's going to happen next f Yes. It's going to snow. It's a football
June? game, and it's December.
6. Does Jason do gymnastics? f. We're going to go to the hockey game.

EXERCISE 2: Be going to (Grammar Notes 7- 2)
Complete the sentences. Use the correct forms of be going to and the verbs in parentheses.
It's Saturday. Annie Olson is on a baseball team. Her team is qoinq to pla y
1. (play)
this afternoon. The weather warm. Everybody in the
2.(be)
family _ _ _ __ __ _ __ _ the game. Ben _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ four
3. (attend) 4. (invite)
friends, and Jeremy _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ his girlfriend. Tim and Jessica
5. (take)
_ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the game. Mary and Bill Beck _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _
6. (film) 7. (bring)
their friends. Everyone thinks Annie's team _ __ _ _ __ __ __ - everyone except
8. (win)
Annie. She doesn't think she _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ very well.
9.(play)
EXERCISE 3: Be going to (Grammar No tes 7-3)
Look at the pictures. Complete the sentences. Use the correct forms of be going to and
the verbs in parentheses. Use the affirmative or negative.
/
/ TIME TO PLAY
[fi@fil®
THE DOLPHINS [MJ
THE POR POISES ffi]
1. Skier 34 _ _ ,_
·s ~
q~o_
in_,_
q._t_
o_w
_1_
· n_ _ 3. The Porpoises _ _ _ _ __ _ __
(win) (win)
2. Skier 21 _ _ _ _ __ __ _ second. 4. The Dolphins _ __ __ _ _ __
(finish) (win)
5. Runner8l _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 7. Magic Dancer _ _ _ __ __ __

(lose) (win)
6. Runner6 _ _ __ _ _ __ _ 8. Petunia _ _ _ __ __ _ _ last.
(win) (finish)
302 UNIT 31
EXERCISE 4: Editing
There are six mistakes in the note. The first mistake is already corrected. Find and correct
five more mistakes.
·-
.De.ar X.ath!f,
0
to
I ft.ope. !fOU re. goingr, 6e. in town c5undag e.re.ning. 70.sh and I are. Ir.are.
a !itt!e. partg to watch the. /Jig game. on Tlf. We. are. going Ir.are. pizza and
de.s.se.rt. We. /Je. going to .start the. me.a! a/Jout 5:00. I thinl the. game. are.
going to .start at 6:00. Pie.a.se. come. if !lºu can . 13ut can !lºu !e.t u.s lnow?
We. going to /Je. out of town unti! 7ue.sdag. Cal! afie.r that, OX.?
Amanda
<!) A Listen to the conversation. Does Sam's team win ar /ase their soccer game?
1

<i) B 1 Read the sentences. Listen to the conversation. Then listen again. Check (v)
T (True), F (False), or NI (No lnformation).
T F NI
1. Ken thinks the game is boring. D M' D
2. Ken thinks it's going to rain. D D D
3. Laura thinks it's going to rain. D D D
4. The score is 2-1. D D D
5. Laura thinks Sam's team is going to win. D D D
6. Laura has another brother besides Sam. D D D
7. Sam kicks a goal. D D D
8. Ken wants to go to another game sometime. D D D
ti) A 1 Read and listen to the conversations. Circle going to when it is pronounced "gonna."
Underline going to when it is pronounced "going to."
1. A: I think it's going to rain.
B: I don't think so.
A: It is ~rai~. Believe me!
2. A: My team is going to win the game.
B: No, it isn't.
A: Yes, it is. It's going to win.
3. A: The traffic is.terrible. We're not going to make it on time.
B: Don't worry. We're going to make it. We still have 20 minutes.
4. A: I don't think I'm going to pass this course.
B: Of course you're going to pass it! Stop worrying.
B 1 PAIRS: Practice the sentences. Use both pronunciations of going to.
304 UNIT31
EXERCISE 7: Memory Game: l'm Going to Take ...
GROUPS: Your group is going to take a trip to the next Olympics. Each person says
one thing he or she is going to take on the trip. The next person says what the first
speaker is going to take and adds what he or she is going to take. The person who can
remember everything is the winner.
/
EXAMPLE: Elena: I'm going to take my binoculars.
Ahmed: Elena is going to take her binoculars. I'm going to take my camcorder.
Anna: Elena is going to take her binoculars. Ahmed is going to take his camcorder.
I'm going to take my camera ...
EXERCISE 8: Writing
A 1 Write a paragraph (6 to 10 sentences)
about something you are going to do in the
future. Choosé a topic from the box or choose your own topic.
attend a sporting event join a sports team run for 30 minutes every day
graduate from high.school/college run a marathon
EXAMPLE: My friend and 1 are going to attend the next Summer Olympics. We're going to fly
there from Chicago. Before the Olympics, we're going to spend a week in Chicago.
We're going to visit ...
Editing Checklist
Did you use ... ?

D be going to correctly
D correct spelling
Future with Be going to : Statements 305

EXERCISEA
Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of be going to and the verbs in
parentheses. Use contractions. '
1. I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (not, study) this weekend.
2 . I think the Lakers _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (win).
3 . It _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (snow) tonight.
4 . We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (not, drive) in the snow.
5. You _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (love) this restaurant.
, EXERCISE B
Put the words in the correct order. Make sentences.
1. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(are I going to I They I win)
2. ---------------------------------~
(We / going to /late / be /are)
3. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(rain I is I not / lt I going to)
4. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(going to/ soon /game/ is/ The / start)
5. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(get I there I We I on time I going to I are)
EXERCISE C
Correct Kathy's note. There are five mistakes.
DearA~,
Tluuih for your notM I a,u-v3003 be,Ut,town,,Swiday ~. I'dwve,,to COftt,U,,to

your party; but fOftt,U,,Jri.elr..tú tJJUi l are,3003 30 outfor~ Tkeir ron,,3003 to
3ri:uúw±~ tJJUi u it rrobab!y3003 to be, i:v Ú>ffj ~· I not tU1V3003 to 3e±to
your MUfe, by S:OO. CaJt,, l COftt,U,, over ai: aro~ 9:00? Or u thai: too Íai:M
Kat/ty
306 Unit 31 Review: Future with Be going to: Statements

~ 32
Future with Be going to: Questions
(AREER PLANS ANO GOALS
• • • • Before Vou Read

PAIRS: Talk about your job goals.
What are you going to do? Where are you going to work? Are you going to help people?
Are you going to try to make a lot of money?
Tell the class one of your partner's work goals.

EXAMPLE: Julio loves to fly. He's going to be a pilot.
·--Read
TIM: How was your day?
JESSICA: Actually, 1 had an interesting call.
TIM: Oh?
JESSICA: You know Dan Evans, the TV producer?
TIM: Sure 1 do.
JESSICA: Well, he has an idea for a news program.
TIM: Really?
JESSICA: Uh-huh. lt's going to be on national TV, and he
wants me to be in it.
JEREMY: Awesome! Are you going to have a big part?
JESSICA: As a matter of fact, yes. I'm going to be the star.
JEREMY: That's so cool. When are you going to begin?
JESSICA: Not for a while.
TIM: Are you going to travei a lot?
J ESSICA: 1 think SO.
ANNIE: Don't take it, Mom. 1 don't want you to travel. 1 want you to stay home.
BEN: Yeah. You always help me with homework. Who's going to help me with my
homework? How are you going to take me to soccer practice?
TIM: Hey, guys. I'm still going to be here.
JESSICA: Anyway, kids, this is all very new. The show isn't going to air for a long time.
Future with Be going to: Questions 307

- - • After Vou Read
A 1Practice GROUPS OF FIVE: Practice the opening conversation.
(i B 1 Vocabulary Listen and repeat the words. Write new words in a notebook.
a producer nationalTV a big part
awesome = great a program =a TV or radio the news = information

show about what is happening
C 1Vocabulary Complete the sentences. Use the correct vocabulary words.
1. Is ___ _ s _ _ on Channel 2? 1 want to find out what's happening.

th_e_ ne_ w
2. George Clooney has ________ in Oceans 13.
3. Oprah Winfrey was _· _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of the movie Precious.
4. You can only see that TV show here. It's not on _ _ _ _ _ _ __
5. That movie was ________ . Everyone loved it.
6. There's _ _ _ _ _ _ _ on Channel 4 that's interesting. It's called How to Find a
Great Job.
D 1Comprehension Look again at the opening conversation. Correct the mistakes.

TV
1. Dan Evans is a .me-v±e- producer. He has an idea for a new program.
2. lt's going to start right away.
3. The producer wants Jessica to have a small part in it.
4. Jeremy is unhappy about Jessica's new job.
5. Tim asks, "Are you going to make a lot of money?"
6. Ben asks, "How are you going to cook for us?"
308 UNIT 32
FUTURE WITH BE GO/NG TO: QUESTIONS
Yes /No Questions Short Answers

Am 1going to get the job? Yes, you are. No, you're not. oR No, you aren't.
Is the program going start soon? Yes, it is. No, it's not. oR No, it isn't.
Are we going to move? Yes, weare. No, we're not. oR No, we aren't.
Wh- Questions Short Answers

When are you going to start? Next Monday.
How are you going to get there? By bus.
Who is going to help us? Iam.
GRAMMAR NOTES
For yes /no questions with be going to, put · Am 1going to have a part in your show?
am, is, or are before the subject. • Is he going to change jobs?
• Are they going to buy a house?
We usually use contractions in negative short A: Is he going to change jobs?

answers. B: No, he's not. oR No, he isn't.
For a wh- question with be going to, use the A: When is it going to begin?
wh- word + the correct form of be +a subject B: Next year.
+ going to + the base form of the verb.
For a wh- question about the subject, use A: Who is going to be the producer?
who ar what +is + going to + the base form of B: Dan Evans is.
the verb.

Circle the main verb in each question. Then match the questions and answers.
1. · What are you going to do? a . By bus.
2. When am 1 going to begin? b. I'm going to be the assistant director.
3. Is she going to travel a lot? e. You are going to start on May 1.
4 . How are you going to get to work? d. Yes, she is.

l
EXERCISE 2: Se going to (Grammar Notes 7-2) !
Complete the conversations. Use the sim pie past, the sim pie present, the present
progressive, orbe going to for the future. Use the correct forms of the verbs in
parentheses.
1. (rain)
TIM: It _ _ _ _r_a _in_e_d_ _ _ _ yesterday. It_'s_r_a_in_i_n g_,___ _ _ _ _ _ now.
_____Is_ _ _ _ _ it ___9_,_o_i_n g_,__t_o_r_a_in_ _ _ tomorrow?
JESSICA: I'm afraid so. That's what the weather channel says.
2. (work)
JESSICA: You __________ late now. You __________ late last
night. __________ you __________ late tomorrow
night too?
TIM: Yes, Iam. This is always a busy time at work.
3. (have)
JEREMY: I'm tired of tofu. We __________ tofu last night. We
___________ tofu now. __________ we
__________ tofu tomorrow?
TIM: No, we're not. Tomorrow we __________ veggie burgers.
4. (wear)
JESSICA: I know you like that sweater, but you always __________ it. You
___________ it every day last week. You __________ it
now. __________ you __________ it tomorrow?
JEREMY: Probably. Michelle likes the color.
JESSICA: Oh.
5. (watch)
TIM: You that news program at 5:00. Why
__________ you it again now?
JESSICA: It's awesome. I it again tonight at 11 :00. I can learn
from the show.
310 UNIT32
EXERCISE 3: Be going to (Grammar Notes 7, 3-4)
Write yes / no questions. Use the correct forms of be going to and the words in
parentheses.
A. Jessic_a's thoughts about the new job:
/
1. (I / get the job) Am I going to get the job ?
2. (it / mean a lot of work) _ __ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ?
3. (I / really have a big part) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ ?
4. (the children / be OK) _ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ ?
5. (Tim/ spend more time at home) _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ?
B. Tim's thoughts about the new job:
6. (How often /Jessica / be away from home) _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ ____ ?
7. (When / we / have time together) _ _ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ ?
8. (When / the show/ begin) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ ?
9. (Who / help when I'm away on business) _ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ ?
10. (What / Jessica's new job /do to our marriage) _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ ?
EXERCISE 4: Editing
There are six mistakes in the phone messages. The first mistake is already corrected.
Find and correct five more mistakes.
to be
1. Hi, Jessica. This is Maria. Are you going .betng in San Francisco for the conference?
I need to know. Please call me at 555-8878.
2. Hi, honey. I forgot my date book. Is Fred and Janet going to meet us at 8:00 or 8:30?
Please call.
3. This message is for Jessica Olson. This is George S,elig. When is the conference going
start?
4. Hi Mom. I'm not going to be home until 9:00. Al and Iam going to study together.
5. Hi, Jessica. This is Meg Smith. What time the meeting going to be? Please call me at
989-555-0007.
6. Hi, Jess. This is Dan. Watch the news tonight at 6:00 on Channel 2. I going to be on it.

~-.. . . . , "' ,.
STEP 4 €0MMUNICATION PRACTICE".
6) A 1 Josh gets a phone cal/ from Amanda. Listen to their conversation. What does
Amando tell Josh? Check (v') the correct answer.
a. Their parents are going to visit in July.
b. They're going to be parents next July.
6) B 1 Now listen to a conversation between Josh and Jason. Circle the correct letter.
1. Are Josh and Amanda going to move in July?
a. Yes, they are. b. No, they aren't.
2. When are they going to buy a new house?

a. ln a few years. b. ln a couple of
months.
3. How long is Amanda going to stay home with

the baby?
a. Three weeks . b. Three months.
4. Who's going to watch the baby when Amanda goes back to work?
a. Amanda's mother. b. Josh's mother.
6) C 1 Listen again to the conversation between Josh and Jason. What is Josh's question at
the end of the conversation?
6) A 1 Read and listen to the Pronunciation Note.
Pronunciation Note
The sounds /b/ and /v/ are voiced consonants. You can feel your throat vibrate when
you say them.
6) B 1 Listen to each word. Circle the sound of the first letter you hear.
1. @'à /pi 3. /f/ !vi 5. /b/ /pi 7. /f/ !vi
2. /b/ /pi 4. /f/ !vi 6. /b/ /pi 8. /f/ !vi
312 UNIT 32
(!) C 1 Underline the words that begin with the letters p, b, f, and v. Then /isten to the
sentences.
1. Is the new program better than the old one?
2. Who is going to be the producer?
·'
3. /Are you going to have a big part?
4. Is Tim going to get a part-time job at a bank?
5. Is Jessica going to be very famous?
6. Where is the party going to be?
7. Are they going to buy furniture for the baby?
D 1 Put your hand on your throat. Repeat each sentence. Notice the voiced sounds.
EXERCISE 7: What Are They Going to Do?

PAIRS: Look at the picture. Write as many questions as you can with be going to. The
pair with the most correct questions wins. Ask the class your questions.
EXERCISE 8: Writing
A 1 Your friend gota job. Write an email and ask your friend a few questions about the
job. Use be going to for the future. Underline your examples.
EXAMPLE: Congratulations on getting a job at Goodbuys. When are you going to begin? Are you
going to work evenings?
Editing Checklist
Did you use . .. ?
D be going to for the future correctly
D correct spelling

~ 32 Review Check your answers on page UR- 5.
EXERCISE A
1. Is Josh going to be a father? a. Yes, she is.
2. Are Josh and Amanda going to move right away? b. Yes, heis.
3. Is it going to costa lot to raise a child? e. No, I'm not.
4 . Is Amanda's mom going to watch the baby? d. No, they're not.
5. Are you going to help Amanda's mom? e. Yes, it is.
EXERCISE B
Complete the questions about a soccer game. Use the correct forms of be going to and
the verbs in parentheses.
1. Where _ _ _ _ ____ the soccer game _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (be)?
2. When _ __ _ _ _ _ it _ _ _ _ _ __ (start)?
3. How _ _ _ __ _ _ you _ _ __ _ __ (get) there?
4. Who _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you _ _ __ _ _ _ (go) with?
EXERCISE C
Correct the phone messages. There are six mistakes.
1. Hi Karen. This is Pietro. I'm not to going be in the office until 12:00. Bruce and Iam
going to review the news program.
2. Hi, Debbie. This is Amy. Are you going be in Boston tomorrow? Please call me.
3. This message is for Bill. This is Mark. When the conference is going to start?
4. Hi, Katie. This is Pam. My calendar isn't working. Is John and Oliva going to have a
meeting in the conference room or the library? Let me know.
5. Hi, Linda. This is Paula. What time the meeting going to be? Please email me.
314 Unit 32 Review: Future with Be going to: Questions

FROM GRAMMAR TO WRITING
PART 1 ifÜ~J~~filiflis is I These are; .SINGULAR-ANO -PLÚRAL NÓuNs . ,·

Write a Description
1 1 Take a photograph or draw a picture of your favorite roam in your home. Write about
five things. Say something about each thing. Use this is /these are with singular
and plural nouns. Follow the model.
MüDEL
This is an armchair. It's soft. It's my favorite chair. It's in my living room.
These are my lamps. They're from my parents. They're beautiful.
2 1Exchange papers with a partner. Did your partner follow directions and the model?
Correct any mistakes in grammar and spel/ing.
3 1 Talk to your partner. Discuss the mistakes you made. Then rewrite your own paper
and make any necessary changes.
Write Questions
1 1 Email a friend. Ask your friend four questions about his or her English class. Choose
from the question words in the box. Follow the model.
Are Is What Where Who
MonEL
Hi Françoise,
1hope your classes are good.
Who's your new teacher? Where is your class? Are your classmates friendly?
Are your classes interesting?
l'm at work now, but 1finish soon. Are you free for coffee at tive o'clock?
1
Abby
FG-1
2 1 Exchange papers with a partner. Did your partner fo/low directions and the model?
Correct any mistakes in grammar and spelling.
Write an Email
1 1 Write an email to a friend about his or her vacation. Choose from the question words
in the box. Follow the mode/.
How Was Were What Where Who
MODEL
To: Sara Pujols

From: Alicia Serrano
Re: Your vacation
Date: July 14
Sara,
How was your vacation in Europe? 1 hope it was really exciting.
1 know you were in Britain, but where were you exactly? How was the weather? lt
was sunny and hot last summer.
What other countries were you in? How was the flight to Europe?
Let's get together soon. l'm free next week. Are you free for lunch or dinner? 1
want to hear all about your trip .
Alicia
..l
2 1 Exchange papers with a partner. Did your partner follow directions and the model?
FG-2
Write Directions
1 1 Email a friend. Give directions from your school to a party at Bel/a Vista Restaurant.
Fir~t;1ook at the map. Your school is on Pine Street between First and Second
Streets. The party is at Bel/a Vista Restaurant. Bel/a Vista Restaurant is on Fourth
Street between Pine and Maple Streets. Draw a fine from your school to the
restaurant. Then write your email. Follow the model.
MonEL
Bill's school is on Maple Street between Fourth and Fifth Streets. The party is at Star
Restaurant. Star Restaurant is on Maple Street between Fifth and Sixth Streets.
Dear Joe,
I'm glad you can come to my party.
Here are the directions from school.
W alk one block east. The party is at Star Restaurant. It' s on Maple Street between Fifth
and Sixth Streets.
See you Saturday at eight o'clock.
Bill
FG-3
Write a Letter
1 1 You anda good friend now live in different cities. Answer your friend's letter. Follow
the model.
Deo.r- ,
thin~ o.bout jOU. t-\ow is ever-jthin:J in
1 often ?
Ar-e jOU busj? \Jho.t o.r-e jOur- do.js \i~e? \Jho.t do jOLl do o.t jOur- jo6?
\Jho.t do jOu usuo.\\j do on week_ends? Do jOLl ever- sk,i?
-P\eo.se wr-ite soon.
MonEL
Deew lv\ei-Li\\8 1
li· We>\S 8Yee>\r ró l-\ee>\Y .PYó\A'\ yo\.\.
lv\y li.Pe l-\eye is Ye"'lly el.i.P.PeYe\\r. 'SolA'<e+-ilA'<es ir's
'b\.\sy e>\\\.:l. e)<ciri\\8· 'SolA'<e+-ilA'<es ir's lo\\ely. lr's l-\"'Yel.
ró S('ee>\\:: .:>\ SeCó\\eÃ. \"'\\8\.\"'8e .:>\li rl-\e rilA'<e.
1 eajoy IA'<Y jo'b. l'IA'< "'8Y"'pl-\ic e>\Yrist- .PoY "' SIA'<"'ll
f'\.\'blisl-\eY. 1\ove ro el.esi8\\ CD e>\\\eÃ. 'book coveYS, 'b\.\r
1.:l.o\\'r \ove ro woY\:: ó\\ veyy lo\\8 'books.
1 sr"'vr woY\:: "'r ''f:OO "'\\.:l. .Pi\\isl-\ "'r S":OO. 1r"'ke
rl-\e rve>\l\\ ró Wóv\::. lv\y Có-WóY\::eYS e>\Ve hie\\.:l.\y e>\\\eÃ.
l-\elp.P\.\l, 'b\.\r 1 .:l.o\\ 1r l-\"'ve "'\\Y 8ºº.:l. .PYie\\el.s yer.
I\\ rl-\e eve\\i\\8S 1 \.\S\.\"'lly w"'rcl-\ vi.:l.eos óY Ye"'el..
O\\ weeke\\.:l.S 18º ro rl-\e IA'<OVies. 1 st-ill \ove IA'<OVies.
1.:l.o\\'r ski l-\eYe. lr's roo e)<pe\\sive.
Wl-\"'r "'"º\.\r yo\.\? Do yo\.\ srill 8º ro rl-\e
IA'<\.\Se\.\IA'<S? 1 IA'<lSS rl-\e>\r. 1 .:>\\Só IA'<lSS ó\.\Y s\::ii\\8 rvips.
Plee>\Se WYire Sóó\\ e>\\\eÃ. reli IA'<e e>\Pô\.\r Yó\.\YSel-P.
lv\"'y'be yo\.\ Ce>\\\ visir IA'<e rl-\is S\.\IA'<IA'<eY.
Cl-\eeYS,
Al.PYeel.o
FG-4
• ~ - ' • .... ~ ' •;; - ~ J ' , ' ~
PARTVI USING THE PRE$_ENT PR.OGRESSIVE · . . . ..
Write a Description
1 1 Brin;g in a photo with four or more people in it. Answer the questions.
/
V\Therearethepeople? ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
V\Thataretheydoing? ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
2 1 Describe the photo. Follow the model.
MoDEL
A Train Station in ltaly
This is a photo of people ata train station in ltaly. On the left, a young man is looking up
ata sign. lt shows train departures. Behind him, severa! people are standing ata snack bar. ln
the center of the picture, three young men are waiting for a train. One is wearing a red shirt
and shorts. The young man sitting next to him is also wearing shorts. Heis looking to the
right. Their backpacks are sitting on the station floor. Everyone is enjoying the warm weather.
FG-5
PARTVll USING NOUNS ANO ARTICLES; Can ANO Can' t
Write an Email
1 You anda friend are planning togo to a movie. Email your friend and say when you
1
can and can't go and what you want to see. Use can, can't, let's, and the in your
email. Follow the model.
Before you write: Fill out the chart.
Example You
1
Can't go Any time on Saturday
Can go Sunday afternoon or evening
Don't want to see Twilight
Wantto see Avatar
Meetat 3:15 or 6:45
MonEL
To: Rosa Gonzales

From: Elena Correia
Re: Movie
Rosa,
Thanks for the movie invitation. Sure, I'd like togo to a movie. I can't go on Saturday,
but I can go on Sunday, either in the afternoon or evening. I saw the movie with Penelope
Cruz last week, so I don' t want to see it again so soon. How about the new Johnny Depp
film? Do you want to see that? If you do, let' s meet in front of the theater. It starts at 3: 30
and 7:00. Let me know which time is good for you.
Elena
FG-6
2 1 Exchange papers with a partner. Did your partner follow directions and the m~del?
and,make any necessary changes.
/
Write a Letter
1 1 You are on vacation. Write a letter to your parents or to a friend. Talk about your
vacation. Use regular and irregular simple past verb forms in your letter.
Before you write: Note things that you did in the box.
Example Vou
1
Arrived at 10:00 P.M.
Took a taxi to the hotel
Spent the day at the beach
Swam in the Caribbean
Gota sunburn
Went to a folk festival
Ate ata great restaurant; had delicious seafood
Went shopping
MonEL
Dear Mom and Dad,

Greetings from Jamaica! It's beautiful here. The weather is warm and
sunny.
Mary and I arrived on Tuesday evening at about 10:00 P.M. It was very
late, so we took a taxi to the hotel. Our room is small but comfortable.
On Wednesday we spent the day at the beach. We both swam in the
Caribbean. I gota sunburn.
On Wednesday evening we went to a folk festival. It was fun and
interesting. There were some good singers.
On Thursday we went shopping in Kingston. I bought you both something
nice. In the evening we ate ata restaurant. I had some delicious seafood.
I'll write again soon.
Love,
Amy
FG-7
Write an Email
1 1 You anda friend are preparing for a picnic. Write an email to your friend. Say what
you have and don't have. Ask your friend what he or she can bring. Use quantifiers
and there is /there are. Follow the model.
Before you write: Complete the chart. Say what you have and what you need.
Have 1 Need
MonEL
To: Skip Kulle

From: Dilvin Ertoglu
Re: Our picnic
Hi, Skip,
Let's have the picnic at Washington Park. There are a lot of picnic tables.
There's a volleyball net. There's also a nice swimming pool, so people can play
volleyball or go swimming.
1have enough hamburgers for 12 people, but 1don't have any hot dogs. Can
you bring three packages of them? And can you also bring three packages of hot
dog buns? 1have severa! quarts of juice, but 1don't have any other drinks. Can
you bring about four big bottles of soda? Oh, one more thing: 1'11 bring a large
salad. Can you bring something for dessert, maybe some cookies? Or maybe a
couple of pies or some fruit?
Let me know if this is OK. See you soon.
Dilvin
FG-8
Correct any mistakes in grammar and spel/ing.
_/
PARTX
Write a Comparison
1 1 Write a comparison of two places you know well. Say how they are similar and how
they are different. Follow the model.
Before you write: Draw two circles like these. ln one circle, put the na me of one place
and write adjectives describing that place. ln the other circle, put the na me of the
other place and write adjectives describing that place. ln the middle, write adjectives
showing how the two places are similar.
Los Angeles San Francisco

big
relaxed
smaller
friendly interesting cool weather
polluted
exciting in interesting downtown
hot different ways beautiful
sunny
difficult traffic delicious Asian food
nice weather
a lot of culture
amusement parks
great beaches
MODEL
Los Angeles and San Francisco are two of my favorite cities. They're different in many
ways . Los Angeles is a lot bigger than San Francisco, and it's friendlier and more relaxed .
lt has great amusement parks and beaches. The weather is. nicer than the weather in San
Francisco. lt's hotter and sunnier. But it's also more polluted. San Francisco is cooler. lt's more
beautiful than Los Angeles. lt's more exciting too. lt has an interesting downtown anda lot of
culture. There's a lot of good food in San Francisco, especially Asian food.
San Francisco and Los Angeles are similar in some ways. They're both very nice, and
they're both interesting in their own ways. lt's hard to drive in both places because there's so
much traffic. But it's worse in Los Angeles.
1 like both cities a lot, but 1 lave the weather, the beaches, and the amusement parks in
Los Angeles. For me it's a better place.
FG-9
!I
"..; • _,'!I~ "f'~":":f<l}~l!.V
PART XI i:.~~l~f§ 0T!"IJ FUTURE WITH Be going to

Write a Note
·.-.
1 1 You are going to be in a friend's city next month. Write a note to your friend. Ask if
you can get together. Use the future with be going to in your note. Follow the model.
Before you write: Complete the chart.
Example Vou
1 1
Who You and your husband
Where Toronto, Ontario
When July15to19
Why Attend a conference; visit cousins

-
Tuesday, July 16, and Thursday, July
Free on
18, evenings
MODEL
Dear Emiko.
Mark and I are 9oin9 to be in Toronto from July 15 to 19. /'m 9oin9 to attend a
conference. and Mark is 9oin9 to visit his cousins. Are you 9oin9 to be in town then? /f
you are. can we get together? We're free on Tuesday. July 16. and Thursday. July 18. in
the evening. We're 9oin9 to stay at the Best Eastern Hotel downtown. /s that near you?
Please /et me know. I hope we can get together and see each other.
Cheers.
Gina
2 Exchange papers with a partner. Did your partner follow directions and the model?
1
3 Talk to your partner. Discuss the mistakes you made. Then rewrite your own paper
1
FG-10
APPENDICES
Numbers, Temperature, Days, Months, Seasons, Titles

CARDINAL NUMBERS
1= one 11 =eleven 21 = twenty-one EXAMPLES

2=two 12 =twelve 30 = thirty
3 =three 13 =thirteen 40 = forty That book has eighty-nine pages.
4 =four 14 =fourteen 50 = fifty The re are thirty days in Septembe r.
5 =five 15 =fifteen 60 = sixty There are five rows in the room.
6 =six 16 = sixteen 70 = seventy She is eleven yea rs o ld.
7 =seven 17 = seventeen 80 = eighty He has three children.
8 = eight 18 = eighteen 90 = ninety
9 =nine 19 = nineteen 100 = one hundred
10 =ten 20 = twenty 101 = one hundred and one
200 = two hundred
1,000 = one thousand
1,000,000 = one million
10,000,000 = ten million
ORDINAL NUMBERS
lst = first llth = eleventh 21st = twenty-first EXAMPLES

2nd = second 12th = twelfth 30th = thirtieth
3rd = third Bth = thirteenth 40th = fortieth lt's his fifty-first birthday.
4th = fourth 14th = fourteenth 50th = fiftieth lt 's September thirtieth.
5th = fifth 15th = fifteenth 60th = sixtieth He's in the fourth row.
6th = sixth 16th =sixteenth 70th = seventieth lt's her eleventh birthday.
7th = seventh 17th =seventeenth 80th = eightieth Jeremy is thei r first child.
8th = eighth 18th = eighteenth 90th = ninetieth Annie is t he ir second child.
9th = ninth 19th = nineteenth lOOth = one hundredth Ben is their third child.
lOth = tenth 20th = twentieth lOlst = one hundred and first
200th = two hundredth
1,000th = one thousandth
1,000,000th = one millionth
10,000,000th = ten millionth
TEMPERATURE MONTHS OF THE YEAR
We measure the temperature in degrees ('). MoNTH ABBREVIATION NUMBEROF DAVS
Changing from degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius: January Jan. 31

(°F - 32) X 519 = 'C February Feb. 28*
Changing from degrees Celsius to degrees Fahrenheit: March Mar. 31
(915 X 'C) + 32 = ' F April Apr. 30
May May 31
DAYS OF THE WEEK
June Jun. 30
Weekdays Weekend July Jul. 31
Monday 5aturday August Aug. 31
Tuesday Sunday September Sept. 30
Wednesday October Oct. 31
Thursday November Nov. 30
Friday December Dec. 31
*February has 29 days in a leap year, every four years.
(continued on next page )
A-1
THE 5EASONS TITLES
Mr. {Mister) / mistar / unmarried or married man

NORTHERN HEMISPHERE
Ms. / mrz / unmarried or married woman
Spring: March 21-June 20
Summer: June 21-September 20 Miss/ mis / unmarried woman
Autumn or Fali: September 21-December 20 Mrs. / misrz / married woman
Winter: December 21-March 20 Dr. {Doctor) / daktar / doctor (medical doctor or Ph.D.)
SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE
Spring: September 21-December 20
Summer: December 21-March 20
Autumn or Fali: March 21-June 20
Winter: June 21-September 20
2 Time
lt's one o'clock. lt's five after one. lt's one-ten. lt's one-fifteen.
(lt's 1:00.) (lt's 1:05.) lt's ten after one. lt's a quarter after one.
(lt's 1:10.) (lt's 1:15.)
lt's one twenty-five. lt's one-thirty. lt's one forty-five. lt's one-fifty.
lt's twenty-five after one. lt's hatf past one. lt's a quarter to two. lt's.ten to two.
(lt's 1:25.) (lt's 1:30.) (lt's 1:45.) (lt's 1:50.)
TALKING ABOUTTIME
li You can tal k abouttime this way' A: What time is it?

B: lt's one o'clock.
A.M .means before noon (the hours between lt's 10:00 A.M.
midnight and noon).
P.M. means after noon (the hours between lt 's 10:00 P. M.
noon and midn ight).
BE CAREFUL! When people say 12:00 A.M.,

they mean midnight. When people say 12:00 P.M.,
they mean noon.
E1 --
We often write time with numbers. lt's one o'clock. = lt's 1 :00.
lt's two-twenty. = lt's 2:20.
A-2
3 Plural Nouns: Pronunciation Rules
(i PRONUNCIATION RULES
li The final sounds for regular plural nouns are

/ s /, / z /, and / 1z /.
The plu ral is pronounced / s / after the cu ps puffs

voiceless sounds / p /, / t /, / k /, / f /, a nd / e /. cats breaths
books
The plural is pronounced / z / after the voiced cabs pans

sounds / b /, / d /, / g /, / v /, / m /, / n /, / 1) /, cards songs
/ 1/, / r /, and / õ /. dogs balls
wives cars
rooms paths
li The plural is pronounced / z / after ali vowel

sounds. Vowels are voiced.
The plural is pronounced / Iz / after the sounds

keys
tomatoes
kisses
movies
garages
/ s /, I z /, / J /, / 3 /, / tf /, and / d3 /. (This adds buzzes matches
another syllable to the word.) dishes ages
Non-count Nouns and Quantifiers

CoMMON NoN-COUNT NouNs*
Food Liquids School Subjects Abstract ldeas

bread pasta coffee soda algebra history advice happiness
broccoli pepper juice tea biology music beauty help
butter pie lemonade water chemistry psychology energy noise
cake pizza milk Chinese science existence stress
cauliflower rice English Spanish
cheese salsa geography
chicken salt
dessert soup Weather Sports Others
fish spaghetti fog snow baseball soccer furniture news
ice cream sugar ice wind basketball swimming homework paper
meat yogurt rain football tennis information sleep
gymnastics volleyball mail time
medicine work
*Some nouns can be either count or non-count nouns. money
Do you want some pizza? (non-count) 1don't want salad tonight. (non-count)
Let's order a pizza. (count-an entire pizza) Mom is making a salad. (count)
QUANTIFIERS
a bottle of Uuice, mi/k, soda, water) a liter of Uuice, milk, soda, water)
a bowl of (cereal, soup) a loaf of (bread)
_a can of (soda, tuna) a meter of (snow, water)
a cup of (coffee, hot chocolate, tea) a pair of (g/oves, pants, shoes, skis, socks)
a foot of (snow, water) a piece of (cake, candy, furniture, meat, paper, pie)
a gallon of (gaso/ine, juice, milk) a quart of (mi/k, oi/)
a glass of Uuice, mi/k, water) a slice of (cake, cheese, pie, pizza, toast)
A-3
5 The Simple Present: Pronunciation Rules
(!) PRONUNCIATION RULES FOR THE THIRD-PERSON SINGULAR AFFIRMATIVE
The final sound for the third-person singular /s/ /z/ / IZ/
form of the sim pie present is pronounced / s /, walks rides dances
/ z /, or / 1z /. The final sounds of the third-
person singular are the sarne as the final
sounds of plural nouns.
Do and say have a change in vowel sound. 1 do. / du / She does. / dl\z /
1 say. /sei/ He says. / sEz /
6 The Simple Past: Pronunciation Rules
(!) PRONUNCIATION RULES
li The final sounds for regular verbs in the sim pie

past are/ t /,/d/, and / Id /.
The final sound is pronounced / t / after the laughed developed washed

voiceless sounds / f /, / k /, / p /, / s /, / J /, and liked crossed watched
ltfl.
The final sound is pronounced /d / after the rubbed hummed massaged

voiced sounds / b /, / g /, / d3/,/1 /, / m /, hugged hired moved
lnf!rf!~f!Õf/3f/vfand/zf judged banged used
called bathed
li The final sound is pronounced /d/ after vowel

sounds.
stayed
agreed
died
argued
snowed
1 The final sound is pronounced / Id / after / t /

and /d/. / 1d / adds a syllable.
act
end
acted
ended
A-4
7 Base Forms and Past Forms of Common Irregular Verbs
BASE FoRM PAsT FoRM BASE FoRM PAsT FoRM BASEFORM PAsT FoRM
be was, were give gave say said
begin began go went see saw
break broke grow grew sing sang
bring brought have had sit sat
build built hear heard sleep slept
buy bought hit hit speak spoke
come carne know knew spend spent
do did leave left stand stood
drink drank lose lost swim swam
drive drove make ma de take took
eat ate mean meant tell told
fall fell meet met think thought
find found put put understand understood
fly flew read /ri d/ read /rEd/ wake woke
forget forgot ride rode win won
get got run ran write wrote
8 Pronunciation Table
'i) These are the pronunciation symbols used in this text. Listen to the pronunciation of the key words.
VOWELS CONSONANTS
Symbol KeyWord Symbol KeyWord Symbol KeyWord

beat, feed p pack, happy f ship, machine, station,
bit, did b back, rubber special, discussion
e1 date, paid t tie 3 measure, vision
e bet, bed d die h hot, who
~ bat, bad k carne, key, quick m men, some
Q box, odd, father g game, guest n sun, know, pneumonia
::i bought, dog lf church, nature, watch IJ sung, ringing
ou boat, road d3 judge, general, major w wet, white
u book, good f fan, photograph 1 light, long
u boot, food, student V van r right, wrong
A but, mud, mother e thing, breath y yes, use, music
;;) banana, among ô then, breathe t butter, bottle
shirt, murder s sip, city, psychology
a1"" bite, cry, buy, eye z zip, please, goes
au about, how
::li voice, boy
If beer
er bare
ar bar
::ir door
ur tour
A-5
GLOSSARY OF GRAMMAR TERMS
action verb A verb that describes an action. comparative form An adjective or adverb
• Jeremy and Yoshio are studying at the library. ending in -er or following more. lt is used in
• Tim drives to work every day. comparing two things or people.
• My sister is o/der and more intelligent than my
adjective A word that describes a noun or brother.
pronoun.
• Redmond is a small peaceful city. consonants The letters b, e, d, f, g, h, j, k, /, m, n, p,
q, r, s, t, v, x, z, and sometimes w and y.
adverb A word that describes an action verb, an
adverb, an adjective, ora sentence. contraction A short form of two words. An
apostrophe (') replaces the missing letter(s).
• We're leaving on vacation tomorrow.
• it's = it is
adverb of frequency A word that tells how • l'm =Iam
often something happens. • can't = cannot
• We usually eat lunch at noon.
count noun A noun you can count. lt usually has
affirmative statement A sentence that does not a singular anda plural form.
use a negative verb form (not). • The manhas one big dog and two small dogs.
• I have two brothers.
definite article the lt makes a noun specific.
apostrophe A punctuation mark (') used to show • We saw a movie. The movie starred Jackie Chan.
possession and to write a contraction .
• He's in my father's car. exclamation point An end punctuation mark (!) .
lt shows strong emotion.
base form The simple form of a verb without any • Help! Cal/ the police!
ending, such as -ing, -ed, or -s. ·
• Arnold is going to come at 8:00. We can eat then. formal language Language we usually use for
business settings, academic settings, or with people
begoing to future A verb form used to make we don't know.
predictions, express general facts in the future, or to • Good morning, /adies and gentlemen. May we
talk about definite plans that were made before now. begin?
• Amando says it's going to be cold, so she's going to
takea coat. imperative A sentence used to give instructions,
directions, commands, and suggestions. lt uses the
capital letter The large form of a letter of the base form of the verb. The subject (you) is nota part
alphabet. Sentences start with a capital letter. of the sentence.
• A, 8, C, etc. • Turn right at the comer. Drive to the end of the
street. Stop!
comma A punctuation mark (,) used to separate
items in a list or parts of a sentence. indefinite article a or an Words used before
• We went to a restaurant, and we ate chicken, singular non-count nouns.
potatoes, and broccoli. • Josh brought a sandwich and an apple for lunch.
common noun A noun for a person, place, or informal language The language we usually use
thing. lt is not capitalized. with family and friends, in email messages, and in
• The man gota book at the library. other informal settings.
• Hey, Jeremy, what's up?
G-0
irregular verb A verb that does not form the preposition A word that goes before a noun or
sim pie past by adding -dor -ed. pronoun object. A preposition often shows time or
• They ate a fancy mea/ /ast night. Jessica's boss come place.
to dinner. • Maria saw it on the table at two o'clock.
negativ.e statement A statement with a present progressive A verb form that shows an
negati\:íe verb form (not). action happening now or planned for the future.
• Ben didn't study. He wasn't ready for the test. • l'm working hard now, but l'm taking a vacation
soon.
non-action {stative) verb A verb that does not
describe an action. lt can describe an emotion, a pronoun A word that replaces a noun ora noun
state, a sense, ora thought. We usually don't use non- phrase.
action verbs in the progressive. • Heis a friend. I know him well.
• l like that actor. Heis very famous, and I believe he
won an award. proper noun lhe actual name of a person, place,
or thing. A proper noun begins with a capital letter.
non-count noun A noun we usually do not • Helen is living in St. Louis. She is studying Spanish
count. We don't puta, an, ora number before a non- at Washington University.
count noun.
• AI/ we need is rice, water, salt, and butter. quantifier A word or phrase that comes before
a noun and expresses an amount or number of that
noun A word that refers to a person, animal, place, noun.
thing, or idea. • Jeannette used a litt/e sugar, some f/our, four eggs,
• Annie has a friend at the library. She gave hera anda quart of milk.
book about birds.
question mark A punctuation mark (?) used at
noun modifier A noun that describes another the end of a question.
noun. • Where are you going? How long are you going to be
• Samantha is a chemistry professor. She /oves spy out?
movies.
regular verb A verb that forms the simple past by
object A noun or pronoun that receives the action adding -dor -ed.
of the verb. • We lived in Kenya. My mother visited us there.
• Jason so/d a cor. Mark bought it.
sentence A group of words with a subject anda
object pronoun A pronoun following a verb ora verb. lt can stand alone.
preposition. • We opened the window.
• We asked him to show the photos to them. • Did they paint the house?
ordinal number lhe form of a number that simple past A verb form used to show a
shows the arder or sequence of something. completed action or idea in the past.
• The team scored 2 7 points in the first quarter and 33 • The plane landed at 9:00. We took a bus to the
in the fourth quarter. hotel.
period A punctuation mark (.) used at the end of a simple present A verb form used to show
statement or to show an abbreviation. habitual actions or states, general facts, or conditions
• Mr. Mendoza, p/ease cal/ on Saturday. that are true now.
• Yoshio /oves to ski, and it snows a lot in his area, so
plural lhe form that means more than one. he's very happy.
• We sat in our chairs reading our books.
singular lhe form that means only one.
possessive An adjective, noun, or pronoun that • / put on my hat and coat and c/osed the door.
shows belonging.
• Her book is in John's cor. Mine is at the aftice.
G-1
.I
small letter The small form of a letter of the verb A word used to describe an action, a fact, or
alphabet. We use small letters for most words except a state.
for proper nouns and the first word of a sentence. • Ken drives to work now. He has a new cor, and heis
• a, b, e, etc. a careful driver.
subject The person, place, or thing that a vowels The letters a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes w .
sentence is about. andy.
• The children ate at the mal/.
wh- question · A question that asks for
subject pronoun A pronoun used to replace a information. lt begins with how, what, when, where,
subject noun. why, which, who, or whose.
• Kathy works hard. She /oves her work. • What's your nome?
• Where are you from?
syllable A group of letters with one vowel sound. • How do you fee/?
Words are made up of one or more syllables.
• One syllab/e-win yes /no question A question that has a yes ora
• Two syllab/es-ta b/e no answer.
• Three syl/ab/es-im por tant • Did you arrive on time? Yes, / did.
• Are you from Uruguay? No, l'm not.
third-person singular The verb form used with • Can you swim well? Yes, I can.
he, she, and it.
• Jessica is a reporter. She works for a TV station.
G-2
PUZZLES, GAMES, AND INFORMATION GAP
ANSWER KEY
UNIT4
After Vou Read

E. the Space Needle
UNIT10
8. True or False?
1. Antonio Banderas comes from Spain. / True
2. Most people in China eat with chopsticks. / True
3. People in Japan drive on the right. / False: People in Japan drive on the left.
4. People in Great Britain drive on the right. / False: People in Great Britain drive on the left.
5. People live at the North Pole. / False: People don't live at the North Pole.
6. Penguins live in deserts. / False: Penguins live in Antarctica.
7. It snows in Chile in July. / True.
UNIT 12
8. lnformation Gap
Student A's Answers

2. relatives: your parents, brothers, sisters, grandparents, and so on
3. opposite: totally different
4. smart: intelligent
5. cousins: the children of your aunt or uncle
6. cu te: good-looking
7. single: not married
8. second: between first and third
Student B's Answers

2. boring: not interesting 6. unhappy: sad
3. noon: 12 P.M. 7. terrible: very bad
4. midnight: 12 A.M. 8. nice: good
5. super: great
UNIT 13
2. WhoAm I?
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
UNIT 19
8. Writing
A. a salad
P-1
UNIT REVIEW ANSWER KEY
Note: ln this answer key, where a short or contracted form is given, the full or long form is also
correct (unless the purpose of the exerci se is to practice the short or contracted forms).
UNITl your
C A: Is that yott family in the photo?
A 1. This is 3. This is 5. These are my
2. These are 4. This is B: Yes . That's me brother and sister.
B 1. She 3. It 5. We t heir
2. He 4. They A: What are theire names?
His
e 1. These are 3. We're 5. I'm B: ~ name is Robert, and her name is Tammy.
2. Is this 4.Are your
A: And is that yott!re dog?
B: Yes. Its name is "Spot."
UNIT2
A 1. spoons 3. forks 5. pots
2. glasses 4. knives UNITS
B 1. a chicken 3. apples 5. a notebook A 1. d 3.e 5. b
2. bananas 4. an umbrella 2.c 4.a
muffins B 1. Who 3.who 5.who
C 1. These are good mttfftn.
2. What 4. What
an
2. I have a idea. C 1. A: Is he a dentist?
children He's
3. My sister has two ehi±d. B: No, he's not. He a writer.
Canada 2. A: Is your sister single?
4. My roommate is from =n-~ . she's
a B: No, M!e not.
5. I need fork.
/\ 3. A: Is your mother a travel agent?
isn't
B:No,she ~ .
UNIT3
Are
A 1. It is 3. She is 5. We are 4. A: ~ you from Brazil?
2. Heis 4. They are I am
B 1. It's expensive. B: Yes, fm.
2. They're not on vacation. OR They aren't on
vacation. UNIT6
3. I'm nota chef. A 1. in 3. at 5. on the
4. He's not in Australia. OR He isn't in Australia. 2. in 4. between
5. We're in the class. B 1. on 4. next to
ar e 2. between 5. on the corner of
C 1. A: The hotels ~ cheap here. 3. across from
Yau "re They're on
B: *'ti right. They great. C 1. A: Is your apartment m the second floor?
Ma chika"s thir d
2. A: Maehikõ from Seattle. She's a student. B: No, it's on the tttree floor.
she"s Where's
B: No, M!e not. She's a chef. 2. A: Where the bookstore?
on
B: It's First Avenue.
UNIT4 /\
to
A 1. That 3. that 5. Those A: Is it next the museum?
/\
2. those 4. That B: Yes, it is .
B 1. He 3. your 5. It's
2. Her 4. They
UR-0
[
1 C 1. Look at this photo.
UNIT7
doesn't
A 1. Were 3. were 5. wasn't 2. This is my cousin Juan. He dõn!t look like me!
2. weren't 4. Was 6. was live
B 1. he wasn't. He was at the library. 3. Juan and his wife, Alicia, -l:Ms in Spain.
2. they weren't. They were sick. stays
4. Alicia ~ at home with the children, and
C Kathy, works
wasnºt Juan WôT'k in an office.
Sorry l weren:'t at the basketball game on Tuesday
speak
wos was 5. They both ~ Spanish very well.
afternoon. l were sick at home. It be really boring.
Were Were
l'\re you at the gym yesterday? ~ Amanda and
UNIT 11
Josh there?
A 1. b 3.c
Mark 2.a 4.d
B 1. A: Does Steve's radio work?
B: No, it doesn't.
UNIT8
2. A: Does the store have radios?
A A: Where were you last night?
B: Yes, it does.
B: l was at the movies .
3. A: Do Tim and Jeremy work at Goodbuys?
A: How was the movie?
B: No, they don't.
B: It was funny. Do
A: Who were you with? C A: B-ões you want togo to the park today?
B: l was with Jane and Andrew. B: Sorry. l need to get a gift for my sister. Do you
have
B 1. Where 3. Who 5. When nas any ideas?
2. How 4. Howlong like
was A: Sure. Does she ttlres music? CDs are a good
C A: Hi. How were your vacation?
was
gift.
B: It great. doesn't
/\ B: No, she ttõm.
were
. A: Where ~ you? A: Well, does she like books?
B: ln London. does
B: Yes, she is. Thanks. That's a great ideal
was
A: ln London? How the weather ~?
/\
B: It was rainy. UNIT 12
A 1. What time 3. Why
UNIT9 2. Who OR What 4. What
A 1. don't open 3. Don't eat 5. Turn B 1. Where do your cousins live?
2. Read 4. Don't worry 2. When does your father start work?
Don"t 10
3. What does he do?
B ~ start Unit 9.
Don't start Unit 10. 4. How does he like his job?
C 1. Please ~ stop at the comer. 5. Why do you and your sister walk to school?
Don't 6. What time does your cat wake up?
2. Y{')ct nõt make a U-turn.
C A: l have a new job.
Turn
do you
3. !ft:trm right, please.
B: Really? Where yot:t'"dô work?
Please don't
4. Dôir't pkase park here. A: At GoodBuys.
5. Don't )l( turn left. do
B: What dões you do?
A: I'm an electronic technician.
UNIT 10 does mean
A 1. likes ... doesn't like B: What me:ms electronic technician ?
/\
2. don't want ... wants ... want A: An electronic technician fixes electronic
B 1. live 2. likes .. . like 3. has ... have <levices.
do
B: How are you like the work?
A: l like it a lot.
UR-1
l
do He isn 't OR H e 's not
B: What time you start?
J\
e 1. Hc--nvt standing.
A: At 9:00 in the morning. She's
2. 5hc wearing glasses.
snow in9
3. It isn't snvw today.
UNIT 13
list enin9
A 1. e 3. b 5.d 4. They're .~"'""to a CD.
2.a 4.c We're not OR We aren't
5. Wc-nvt playing cards.
B 1. is 3. has 5. are
2. does ... have 4. Does ... have
C A: Could you please meet my friend Maria at the UNIT 16
bus stop?
A 1. e 3.d 5.a
B: OK. What does she look like? 2. b 4.c
She's has
A: 5hc thin, and she :!:ravc brown hair and brown B 1. A: Is Rob going to the movies?
eyes. B: he isn't OR he's not
/s 2. A: Are John and Eleanor celebrating an
B: Hã5 she tall or short? anniversary?
is
A: She l:ras average height. B: they're not OR they aren't
Does it
B: h she have short hair? C 1. A: Is snowing?
/\
it is
A: No, it's long. B: Yes, tts.
makin9
2. A: Are you wahC a mess?
UNIT 14 /'m
A 1. e 3.a B: No, :E not.
2.d 4. b 3. A: Are the children ~ doing their homework?
B 1. A: How often do you skip lunch? they'r e not OR they aren't
B: No, '""Y uvL. They're watching TV.
B: I sometimes skip lunch.
2. A: What do you usually do on the weekends?
B: I often go to the movies. UNIT 17
3. A: Do you ever eat donuts for breakfast? A 1. e 3. b 5.a
2.e 4.d
B: No, I never do.
B 1. What is Steve watching on TV?
C A: Do you always ~ eat healthy food?
2. Why are you calling me now?
B: Oh, yes. I ~ usually eat a lot of fruit and
vegetables. 3. How are you enjoying the class?
ever have 4. Who is taking the bus to work?
A: Do you uav..., ...,v...,, fast food?
5. Where are you going with that book?
B: Rarely-and only on the weekend. Who's
always have C 1. A: W!r.:i teaching the class?
A: And I hear you UC<V\, aiway;, breakfast. Mark is
never B: !v1a.l l '.:').
B: Yes, I"skip breakfast ~. Breakfast is very are you
important! 2. A: Why yvu m..., smiling?
watchin9
B: I'm VVãtch a funny movie.
UNIT 15 w earin9
3. A: What is your sister = ?
A 1. 'm talking 4. 's watching
2. 'm not doing 5. aren't feeling B: A blue sweatshirt and jeans.
3. isn't doing 6. 're playing
B 1. J essica and her family are living in Redmond.
UNIT18
2. Jessica is standing between her parents.
A 1. this 3. those 5. That's
3. Jessica's mother and father are not working. 2. that 4. these
4. Tim and Steve are watching a game on TV. B 1. Mark's 3. Smiths' ... Mr. Bryant's
2. children's
C 1. A: Is that a new dress?
s iste r 's
B: No, it's my "~"'"'"' dress.
UR-2
these
2. A: Do you like ~ glasses on me? UNIT22
those A 1. checked in ... didn't check out
B: Yes, I really like Tfiffi glasses. They make you 2. studied ... didn't watch TV
look smart.
3. started ... didn't finish
moms
3. A: Why are you wearing your mõm slacks? B 1. graduated 3. didn't work 5. ended up
That"s 2. started 4. failed
B: Because my jeans don't fit. That why.
4. A: Where are my keys? C 1. We didn't ~ with our friends.
that 2. The guests )<'. arrived at the hotel.
B: They're on -tffi;; counter over there. called
3. I eal:l: you this morning.
enjoye~ .
UNIT 19 4. She v.-as ênjôy her tnp.
A 1. chips 3. pizza 5. milk
2. cereal 4. water UNIT23
B 1. an 3.a 5. cup of A 1. went 3. ate 5. drank
2.any 4.0 2. made 4. saw 6. fell
cups
C 1. I always drink two êttp of coffee for breakfast. B 1. Did .. . play 3. Did ... snow
a 2. Did . .. stay up 4. Did ... take
2. Usually I have ~ eggs and slice of toast. D;d you move
"
3. Sometimes I have fruit, like )( bananas.
C 1. A: Yõu nru-.-d to this city in 2009?
didn't
some B: No, I ~ . I moved here in 2010.
4. I also like iffi.-Y milk and cereal.
take
2. A: Did Katharine ~ her keys?
UNIT20 B: No, she didn't.
Did
A 1. d 3. a 3. A: B6 your parents go out of town?.
2.c 4. b
B: Yes, they)<'. went on vacation.
B 1. A: one
B: one
2. A: an umbrella in general UNIT24
B: a specific um brella A 1. c 3.e 5. b
2.d 4.a
3. A: one library
B 1. When did the accident happen?
B: a book in general
2. How did the accident happen?
one
C 1. Bozo's suit is a very bright ~ - 3. Why did Rob drive to the supermarket?
a 4. Who did Rob drive there with?
2. Each shoe is #;e different color.
an a 5. Where did Rob take the car?
3. He's wearing a orange shoe and ffii yellow one. happen
a C A: Where did the accident happênd?
4. He's wearing #;e funny hat too. haepened
B: It did liapprn in front of the library.
5. He looks like a clown!
did it
A: When #-wa-5 occur?
UNIT21 B: It occurred at 10:00 this morning.
did it happen
A 1. can't 3. can't A: How it h&ppêuêd?
2. Can 4.Can
B: A car hit another car.
B 1. A: Can ... explain B: can't read take
A: can help A: How long did it ~ the police to come?
2. B: can't watch A: can ... do B: It took 20 minutes.
B: can go
speak
C A: Pietro can't ~ Chinese. He can ~ speak
Italian.
speak
B: Can he Spêakiug Spanish?
can't can
A: No, he uut ê&n, but I -ê&fri.
UR-3
UNIT 25 UNIT28
A 1. A. him B.He A 1. personal 3. artistic 5. honest
2. A. they B. them . .. We 2.spy 4. fun-loving
B 1. her 3. them 5. them B 1. new running shoes
2. him 4. her 2. big chicken sandwiches
C Dear Doris and Jim, 3. an expensive wool suit
us 4. a popular pizza restaurant
Thank you for inviting we to the party on June
~ They 5. a brick apartment building
10. ~ will bring some cookies for dessert. ft are a
them C I'm ttn smart, lively 35-year-old woman. I like to
really good, and we hope you like tfiey. I don't have long
it
cook, and I enjoy ~ walks on the beach. I'm
your address. Could you please email ~ to us? great tennis
nota temtis ~reltt player, but I love to play tennis!
See you on Saturday! an sensitive man
Sarah and Stan I'm looking for tt educated, mttn sensitive. Do you
have similar interests? Let's get together!
UNIT26
'A UNIT29
1. many 3. much 5. much
2. many 4. many A 1. faster 3. healthier 5. worse
2. more expensive 4. better
B 1. A lot 3. a little 5. Notmuch
2. Notmany 4. A lot B 1. A: Is Miami hotter than Los Angeles?
C 1. A: How much time do you spend on the phone B: I think Miami is hotter.
each week? 2. A: Are amusement parks more interesting than
much museums?
B: Not nnmy time. Only a couple of hours.
B: I think amusement parks are more
2. A: How many movies do you see each year? interesting.
B: Not ~. Only two or three. 3. A: Are you older than your sister?
B: Yes, but she's taller.
3. A: How ~ email messages do you send e I met two interesting men through the personal
each day? funnier
B: Each day? Only one or iwo. But I senda ads-Ken and John. Ken is smarter and ft:mny
/ot than John. But John is ~ richer and more
Httíe of text messages-maybe 20 or 30. nicer
4. A: How much time do you spend surfing the handsome. Ken is mõte niee, so I think Ken is
better
Internet?
much ~ .
a /ot of
B: I spend nnmy time. Maybe six hours a day!
UNIT30
UNIT27 A 1. in 3. at 5.on
A 1. Is there 3. are there 5. there are 2. on 4. in
2. there is 4. there's B 1. A: What do your children do in the afternoon?
B 1. there 3. They 5. There B: They often watch TV in the afternoon.
2. there 4. they 2. A: What time is breakfast?
C A: What is the West Edmonton Mall? B: Breakfast is usually at 8:00.
/t's
B: ~ a gigantic shopping center in 3. A: Where do you go on holidays?
Edmonton, Canada. B: We usually go to the beach on holidays.
there C On weekdays, my life is a little boring. I usually
A: What is i±tey to see in the mall? in
it leave the house at 6:00/\the morning. I start
B: Well, tbere is probably the biggest mall in At
lt there work at 8:00, and I go home at 6:00 P.M. 0n
North America. Tfiere has 800 stores, and it is dinnertime, I surf the Internet. Then I make
even a skating rink.
in
phone calls ttt the evening. I go to bed at 11 :00 at 1
}:k( night. 1
i
UR-4 1
1
UNIT31 UNIT32
A 1. 'm not going to study 4. 're not going to drive A 1. b 3.e 5.c
2. are going to win 5. 're going to love 2.d 4.a
3. 's going to snow B 1. is . . . going to be 3. are ... going to get
B 1. They are going to win. 2. is . .. going to start 4. are . . . going to go
2. We are going to be late. 9oi119 to
C 1. Hi Karen. This is Pietro. I'm not to going be in
3. It is not going to rain. are
4. The game is going to start soon. the office until 12:00. Bruce and I ttm going to
5. We are going to get there on time. review the news program.
to
C Dear Amanda, 2. Hi, Debbie. This is Amy. Are you going be in
to Boston tomorrow? Please call me. "
Thanks for your note! I am going be in town
Sunday evening. I'd love to come to your party, but 3. This message is for Bill. This is Mark. When
is the conference
to
some friends and I are going go out for dinner. Their the eonferenee is going to start?
A
is it is 4. Hi, Katie. This is Pam. My calendar isn't
son going to graduate, and ~ probably going to be Are
A
am nat working. ~ John and Oliva going to have a
a long evening. I not-am going to get to your house meeting in the conference room or the library?
by 5:00. Can I come over at around 9:00? Or is that Letmeknow.
too late? is
Kathy 5. Hi, Linda. This is Paula. What time the
meeting going to be? Please email rfle.
1
1
t
1
1 UR-5
(REDITS
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r
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~
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ILLUSTRATION CREDITS:
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1
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148, 156, 166, 170, 176, 177 (top), 181, 187, 188 (top), 191, 192, 196, 213, 218 (bottom), 228, 238, 243,
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(left), 79, 80, 81, 85, 118 (top and bottom), 229, 237, 248, 258, 279
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INDEX
•'
Alan, 13, 178-179, 189, 271 Can!can't, 196, 198-199 Has, 117, 119-120
1 Across from, 48, 50-51 Cannot, 199 Have, 117, 119-120
Adjectives Common nouns, 13 Her, 30, 32
t comparative, 280-281 Comparative adjectives, 280- He!she, 4-5
descriptive, 270-271 281 He's!she's , 4-5, 22
1 ending for, 271 Consonants, 271, 313 His, 30, 32
possessive, 32 voiced, 313 How, 68, 70, 107, 109, 158, 230
1 Adverbs of frequency, 128 Contractions How long, 70, 230
Affirmative imperatives, 80 with be, 22-23, 40-41 How manyfhow much, 247,
Affirmative statements explanation of, 5 249-250
ever in, 128 How often, 128
negative, 22-23 , 309
in future, 300
use of, 23, 40-41, 140, 149,
in past, 60
301
in present, 22 I'm , 2, 5, 22
in present progressive, 139 Countnouns, 178-179, 249- Imperatives
quantifiers in, 179 250,271 affirmative and negative, 80
in simple past, 210-211, 221 articles with, 189-190 examples of, 79-80
in simple present, 89, 119 to give directions, 78
Age, 120 ln , 51, 290
1
Always, 126, 128 Definite articles, 189-190 Indefinite articles, 189-190
l
1
1
Am, 22, 23. See also Be
in a yes!no question, 41
Am not, 22
Any, 176, 178-179
Descriptions, 70
Descriptive adjectives, 270-271
Did not!didn 't, 221-222
Do not!don't, 78, 80, 89, 100,
Informallanguage
giving answers in, 70, 100,
149, 159
using contractions in, 23, 41,
1
Apostrophe, 169 120 61, 120, 199, 221, 301
l Are, 22, 23. See also Be
in yes!no questions, 41, 147
Does not!doesn't, 89, 100, 120 -ing
as adjective ending, 271
Are notlaren't, 22-23 , 117 as verb ending, 140, 158
Are theselis this, 4-5 -ed Irregular verbs
Are thoselis that, 30, 32 as adjective ending, 271 be and have as, 89, 119, 120
Are you, 38, 40 as simple past verb ending, explanation of, 221
Articles, 13 211, 221 lists of common, 222, 230
definite, 189-190 Email, 48 in simple past, 221-222
indefinite, 189-190 -er, 280 Is, 20, 22-23, 117, 119-120,
At, 48, 51, 290 -es!-s 147, 149. See also Be
as plural noun ending, 13, in yes!no questions, 41
Is he, 38, 40-41
178-179
Bad!worse, 281 Is not, 22-23
as verb ending, 89
Base form, 80, 89, 100, 109 Is notlisn't, 140
Ever, 126, 128 lsn't, 22-23
Be
adjectives after, 271 Is she, 39-41
adverbs of frequency with, Is that!are those , 30, 32
128 Facts, 89 Is this!are these, 4-5
r
'(
in past, 60-61, 70 Forms, See Verb forms
Frequency, adverbs of, 128
lt, 5, 70
in pr esent, 20-23, 38-41, It's, 2, 20, 22-23
50-51 Future
in present progressive, 140 with be going to, 300-301 ,
in simple present, 119-120 309 Location
1 wh- questions with, 40-41, wh- questions in, 309 answering questions about,
50-51, 70, 119 yes!no questions in, 309 50-51
yes!no questions with, 40-41 asking questions about,
\ Be going to, 300-301 , 309 50-51, 70
Between, 48, 50-51 Good!better, 281 -ly, adjectives ending in, 271
1-1
Modals, 199 Prepositions what, 40-41, 107, 109, 156,
Modifiers, noun, 270-271 object pronouns with, 241 158, 228, 230
,.
More, 280-281 of place, 50- 51 when, 109, 228, 230-231
of time, 290 where, 50-51 , 68, 70, 109,
Present 158, 228, 230
Negative imperatives, 80 ofbe, 22- 23, 38-41, 50-51 who, 40-41, 109, 281
Negative statements simple, 89, 100, 109, 119- why, 107, 109, 156, 158, 228
in futur e, 300 120, 140 yes/no questions, 38- 41,
in past, 60-61 Present progressive 60- 61, 100, 128, 149,
in present, 22-23 statements in, 139-140 199,221-222, 309
in present progressive, 139- wh- questions in, 158- 159
140 yes/no questions in, 149
quantifiers in, 179 Pro no uns Rarely, 126, 128
in simple past, 210- 211, 221 object, 240- 241 Regular verbs
in simple present, 89, 119- plural, 189 -ed ending for, 211, 221
120 singular, 189 in simple past, 210-211, 221
Never, 128 subject, 4-5, 23, 32,
Next to, 48, 50-51 240-241
Non-action verbs, 140 Pronunciation note -s/-es
Non-count nouns, 178-179, on alan use, 193 as plural noun ending, 13,
249- 250 onand, 274 178-179
articles with, 189- 190 on canlcan't, 202 as verb ending, 89
Noun modifiers, 270- 271 on did, 225, 233 She!he, to talk about animals,
Nouns on homophones, 35 5
common, 13 on Ih! sound, 123 She's!he's, 5
count, 178-179, 249- 250 on !li sound, 143 Simple past
explanation of, 13 on ordinal numbers, 54 irregular verbs in, 221-222
non-count, 178-179, 249-250 on plural noun sounds, 184 statements in, 210-211
plural, 13, 32, 189-190 on possessive noun sounds, wh- questions in, 230-231
possessive, 168-169 172 yes/no questions in, 221-222
proper, 13 on /ri sound, 132 Simple present
singular, 32, 189 on regular simple past verb bein, 119-120
Numbers ending sounds, 214 have in, 119-120
to answer how many on syllables, 16 non-action verbs in, 140
questions, 250
ordinal, 51
on "th" sounds, 285
on third-person singular
statements in, 89, 119- 120
wh- questions in, 109, 119-
!
present verbs, 94 120
on use of stress in correcting yeslno questions in, 100 f
Object pronouns, 240-241 mistakes, 244 Singular nouns, 13, 32
Often, 126, 128 on voiced consonants / b / Singular verbs, 179 [
On, 48, 50-51, 290 and /v / , 313 Some, 178- 179
On the comer of, 48 on vowels /a / and /~ / , 293 Sometimes , 126, 128
One/ones, 189-190 on wh- questions, 233 Statements. See also 1
Ordinal numbers, 51 on yeslno questions, 44, 161 Affirmative statements;

Proper nouns, 13 Negative statements 1
in past, 60-61
Past in present, 22-23 (
simple, 210- 211, 221-222, Quantifiers, 178-179 in present progressive,
'
230- 231 Questions. See also Wh- 139-140
wh- questions in, 230- 231 questions; Yes/no in simple present, 89, 119- [
yes!no questions in, 60 questions 120
Please, 80 are youlis he or she, 38-39 Stative verbs, 140
Plural nouns can/can 't in, 199 Subject pronouns, 23 r
endings for, 13, 178-179 do/does, 98, 100 explanation of, 241 (
use of, 32 how, 68, 70, 107, 109, 158 list of, 4-5, 32, 240
Possessive adjectives is that/are those, 30, 32 Subjects
explanation of, 32 is there/are there, 257, 259- explanation of, 23
list of, 32 260 wh- questions about, 70, 109 r
Possessive nouns, 168- 169 is thislare these, 4-5 Syllables, 16, 54
r
1-2
.
1
Than, 280 Verbs in simple present, 109, 119
That, 168-169 adverbs of frequency with about subjects, 70, 109
That is!those are, 32 other, 128 What, 40-41, 107, 109, 156,
Thats, 30, 32, 166, 168-169 base form of, 80, 89, 100, 158, 228, 230
The, 189-190 109 When, 70, 109,228,230
There islthere are, 257, 259- irregular, 89, 119-120, 221- Where, 50-51, 70, 109, 158,
260 222, 230 228, 230
Theres, 259-260 non-action, 140 Where5, 48, 51
These, 166, 168-169 with non-count nouns, 179 Which, 281
They're, 2, 5, 20, 22 regular, 210- 211, 221- 222 Who, 40- 41, 70, 109, 158, 230,
Third-person singular, 89 in simple past, 210-211 281
This, 166, 168-169 singular, 179 Why, 107, 109, 156, 158, 228,
This islthese are, 2, 4-5 Voiced consonants, /b/ and 230
Those, 166, 168- 169 /V/, 313
Those are!that is, 32 Vowels /a/ and /CE/, 293
Time Yes/no questions. See also
asking questions about, 70 Questions
in future, 300- 301 Waslwasn't, 58, 60 adverbs of frequency to
prepositions of, 290 Weather, 69-70 answer, 128
in simple past, 211 We're, 2, 5, 20, 22 with can!can't, 199
Were/weren't, 58, 60- 61 in future, 309
Wh- questions. See also in past, 60-61
Usually, 126, 128 Questions in present, 38-41, 119- 120
with can/can't, 199 in present progressive, 149
with comparative adjectives, in simple past, 221-222
Verb forms 281 Your, 30, 32, 35
future, 300-301, 309 in future, 309 You're, 20, 22, 35
past, 60- 61, 70 in past, 70
present, 22-23, 38-41, 50-51 in present, 40-41
present progressive, 139-140 in present progressive, 158-
simple past, 210- 211, 221- 159
222 pronunciation of, 109
simple present, 89, 100 in simple past, 230-231
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1-3

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Focus on

1. A: Who teaching the class?

2 . A: Why you are smiling?

B: I'm watch a funny movie.

3. A: What is your sister wear?

B: A blue sweatshirt and jeans.

164 Unit 17 Review: Present Progressive: Wh- Questions

UNIT GRAMMAR FOCUS THEME

Count and Non-count Nouns; Some

20 A/ An and The; One / Ones Shopping for Clothes

21 Can / Can't Abilities

i) Read the conversation.

atie a sports jacket slacks dress shoes

go well with = look good with

B: He's wearing a navy ____________ , a red tie, a pair of tan

3. A: I need a pair of ____________ . I'm going to a wedding, and I only

B: What size are you? Maybe you can wear mine.

Possessive Nouns; This!That/ These!Those 167

Mark is going to have _ _ _ _ _d_in_n_e_r _ _ _ _ _ with Kathy's

POSSESSIVE NOUNS; THIS / THAT / THESE / THOSE; THAT'S

My sister's car is red. My parents' car is blue.

This / That / These / Those

Pro no uns Adjectives

This is my cell phone. This cell phone is great.

Possessive nouns show belonging. • l'm wearing my roommate's dress shoes.

To show belonging, add an apostrophe (') + -s • That's my father's jacket.

EXERCISE 1: Discover the Grammar

Possessive Nouns; This / That / These / Those 169

A 1Complete the conversations with this, that, these, orthose.

1. KATHY: Mom, Dad, this is

MARK: Nice to meet you.

BEA HARLow: Good to meet you.

2. LEE WHITE: Bea, is your

phone over there?

BEA: No, Lee. 1 think it's Kathy's.

KATHY: lt is, Dad.

3. MARK: _ _ _ _'s a beautiful ring. It's very unusual.

BEA: Thanks. _ _ _ _ ring is about 100 years old. lt was my

4. BEA: How do you like the food?

MARK: _ _ _ _ steak is delicious!

KATHY: And _ _ _ _ vegetables melt in your mouth. How's the chicken,

BEA: Excellent, as always.

2. LEE: Mark, is your home nearby?

3. BEA: Lee, are these your car keys?

LEE: No, they're _ _ _ _ _ _ __

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , Bea Harlow, married Lee White. She is still Bea

doesn't always match her husband's.

EXERCISE 4: That's . .. (Grammar Note 4)

1. A: Her parents really like me.

Possessive Nouns; This/That/ These!Those 171

That's because my parent's love Chinese food. On my brother birthday, we go to an Italian

restaurant. My brother loves Italian food. On my sister birthday, we go to a Mexican

to try a Brazilian restaurant.

The 's in a possessive noun sounds like /s/, /z/, or /Iz/.

/si: This is my aunt's telephone number.

Possessive Noun /si /z/ /1z/

1. Her sister's (sister) name is Lauren.

2 . J heir (parents) home is on Main Street.

3. My (teacher) glasses are on the desk.

ANNIE: I'd like pizza. And salad.