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at!

Kt=lt 'tZl2 KII


'IEHAt jl'l
a o.a

er mathematics
eA.

Sugaku Tokuhon ( 'T2}~{i!-)


(6 vols.) by Kazuo Matsuzaka

Copyright (c) 1989, 1990 by Kazuo Matsuzaka

Originally published in Japanese by Iwanami Shoten,


Publishers, Tokyo in 1989 - 1990

Korean translation copyright (c) 1994 by


HangH Publishing Co.,Ltd.

All rights reserved. This edition was published by


arrangement with Iwanami Shoten, Publishers,
Tokyo through DRT International, Seoul
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9, 99, 999, 9999, 99999, ...
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5928 = 5·1000+9 ·100+2 ·10+8


= 5· (999 + 1) + 9 · (99 + 1) + 2· (9 + 1) + 8
= (5·999+9·99+2·9) +(5+9+2+8)
~ Jl~ ~1 .!i!.1?1, <5£~ ~~ -¥-~~ 9i2. Y-T01lflO1A1Jl,
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y71 Ull~011, 3.2...£~ Y-T01lflO1A1Al ~~yq.

Y01~ At~~7} 11g ~~i2. 7tAl~7t ~Itl7t011 rlli>~

11, 99, 1001, 9999, 100001, 999999, ...


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~ 01 A1 ~ ~;?. ~ ~ Wy ti-. Ef- 1001, 100001, ... st ~01

~y 7R A}C-1 £ oJ: il9.1 ~A}7} 1, 7}~[11 ~A}7} .2.!f- 0

1001==990+11, 100001=99990+11, ...

Q} ~01 ~71 ~~~1, ~A111~ Y--T-01~01{1yti-. 01 71


Ai, ~1 ~ ~ 01 42834et~ y~ A~Zfi>R ~A1ti-. °1 y~

4 ·10000+2 ·1000+8 ·100+3 ·10+4


== 4· (9999 + 1) + 2· (1001-1) + 8· (99 + 1) + 3· (11 -1) + 4
== (4 ·9999+2 ·1001 +8 ·99+3 ·11) + (4 -2+8 -3+4)
7} ~Jl, Sfl611 71~~ °1%.£, ~1 g 9.1 ~~ J:f-~;?" 11.£
Y--T-01~01{1l..1ti-. Ef- 4-2+8-3+4=11 0171 ~~~l,

~~ 42834~ 11.£ Y-T01~01~ ~ ~ y ~}{;Yti-. '?J~

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(a, b~ ~ l:ll :g-~4-) = (b, r ~ ~ -cB :g-~4-)


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o "&lA1C:;:::I ~ ¢, olc.,l
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o I 13

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~ ~1r.H~2j=~2.I o-t~ ~~
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Ul1~ ~l~g ~~-2..s- Mi *Alq. -=rcl~

962 = 247 ·3+221 CD


247 =221·1 +26 @
221=26·8+13 ®
26=13·2······ u}c} A113°1 ~~-tJ-~~
7} ~ 1-1 t1-. Al if, ~71 1] ~l CD, @, @ g ZfZf
221 = 962 - 247·3
1. 3 ~ T 41

26=247 -221·1
13=221-26·8
£ Jl~, @/ 9-1 26~1 ® /9-1 -Sf- ~ g q~ <f1-6}~, -=r~ g A<3 C1
~ ~~ 221 ~1 CD/9-1 Jf- ~ g -cH <f1-6}~, EE Aa ~ ~y q. -=r
cl1?1, qg 4 ~01 ~yq.

@/~ Jf-~g ~<f1 (D/9-1 Jf-~g ~<f1

13=247·( -35)+962·9
<il ~JI1-7} ~~~yq. °1~..2-~, 2474 9629-1 ~~if~

Y 13 ~ ~ ~ A<3 y. r, s~l 9-1 <511


247r+962s
et~ ~E11.£ Y-Et"L-H~g ~ ~ ~J~yq. °1 7dJf-, J. A<3

~ r, s~ ZfZf r= -35, s=9~ Yq.


0lA~l c1
-6}y. Zl~~ 0:11

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126 JI1- 45 9-1 ~ -cB if Q{~ ~ 36 1 90
9~yq. °1~~ ~'il~~ 9 4 36
<5~.£. £ ~ ~ ~JA1li!, "~F 36
A} ~"..2-.£ ~l ~-6}~ ~ ~ 0
~4 :Q°1 ~yq.

J ~l~g ~~..2-.£ M~ o}~1 .5{!~4 ~01 ~yq.


126 == 45-2+36 @ 36 == 126-45-2 @'
45 == 36-1 +9 @ 9 = 45-36-1 @'
36 = 9-4
~~ @, @~ @/, @/.£ Jl~ MJl, @/~ 36~1 @/9-1 -Sf­
~ 0 rl] Ol-=-lr"H

~2 Vfl l=l °r~

9 = 45-36-1
l---{ @/~ Jf-~ g ~ ~
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= 45-3+ 126- (-1)

01 ~yq. ~, 01 78-Sf-x ~l:l1.:g-~y 97t

45r+126s (r, s~ Aay)

.Q.1 ~~£. Y-El-\tl.1q. 01 78-9-~ r=3, s= -l<iJyq.


01.2l- ~ol ~ ~~~..?. -T-0J=4- a, b.Q.1 3::l tl1-:g-<44­
7R.Q.1
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~~ :g-Q{y = 255r+315s
~ AdTfJA171~ Ac3yr, s~ .:y--ol-A1Q.. EE~A~lll~ (2)~

288J1} 639~ ~r1~:g-Q{~011 ~<511Ai


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~OllAi ~ l:J}~ ~ol -T- 0J=4- a, b~ 3::ltl1-:g-Q{4- d~ ~


t:J-~ Aa 4- r, sOll .Q.1 i>~ d = ar+bs£. lE ~ ~ l.1 q. 0171011

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{lA~l£. 13~

13=247·( -35)+962·9
£ L-l-El-~ ~l.1 q~, ~Q{ 247J!} -962~ q~

13 = 247 · ( - 35) + ( - 962) · ( - 9)


~ r= -35, s= -9

£ i>}~ ~71 Ul1~<iJyq.


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;{c3a-RA1~ ~el o}Y4~ ~~l 2f-~~A1q. ~l~ ~e>-l, ~~

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=39, s= -10: r= -109, s= 28 ~ ~l rTI a-R Al2r.. Ad ~ ~


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(@) (1) J20 == /2 2 X 5 == 215

{27 J3 2 X 3 3/3

(2) JO.27 = V100 = JIOO = 10


@D (1) 5/8-JI8-3J32+J50
= 5J2 2 X2 -J3 2 x2 -3J4 2 x2 +J52 x2
== 5-2/2--3/2 -3-4/2 +5/2
= 10/2-3/2 -12/2 +5/2 = 0
(2) (2/2 + 5/3) (5/2 - 3/3)
== (2/2 + 5/3) X 5/2- (2/2 + 5/3) x 3/3
== 2/2 -5/2+5/3 -5/2
-2/2-3/3 -5/3-3/3
= 20+25/6 -6/6 -45 == -25+ 19/6

I~Ai1161 qg ~~ ~l{l--o}O:l, ~J1}~ 7}'o~~z}1i101 Y­


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@D(1) JIB = 3/2 = 3(/2)2 = 3x2 = -3­

/2 /2(FJ -/2)
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_ /2FJ- (/2)2 _ 16 -2
- (FJ)2- (/2)2 - 3-2
== 16-2

2 2(/5 +1)
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_ 2(/5+1) _ 2(/5 +1)
- (/5)2-1 2 - 4

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@I) A = 4x -2x 2 +5, B = 2x 3 +6x 2 -5x -8~1 Ai


3

A + B == (4x 3 -2x 2 +5) + (2x 3 +6x 2 -5x-8)

== (4+2)x 3 + (-2+6)x 2 -5x+ (5-8)

== 6x 3 +4x 2 -5x-3

A - B == (4x 3 -2x 2 +5) - (2x 3 +6x 2 -5x-8)

== (4-2)x 3 + (-2-6)x 2 +5x+ (5+8)

== 2x 3 -8x 2 +5x+ 13

°lcl~ ~1{}~, ~9} :Q-°l {J7-l1 M71li!.q~ %ft<5J-g 4x 3 -2x 2 +5


3 2
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(1) A=x -2x 2-7, B=1-Sx-x 2+8x 3
(2) A=6y+S-2y 3_S y 2, B=4 y 2+9y-6 y 3_7

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A(B+C) =AB+AC, (A+B)C=AC+BC

@]) (x3-6x+2)(2x-5)~ ~l{}i>R "*A1q.


(x 3 -6x + 2) (2x -5)
== (x 3 -6x+2)(2x) + (x 3 -6x+2)( -5)
== 2x 4 -12x 2 +4x-5x 3 +30x-IO
== 2x - 5x -12x + 34x -10
4 3 2

°1 ~l{l-£ .!!% 0}~9} ~~ ~~~£ Wyq. (%~ ~

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x)2x -5
2x 4 -12x 2 + 4x ..:" (x 3 -6x+2)(2x)
3
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2x - 5x -12x + 34x -10
4 3 2

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2
(1) (2x -5x+ 1)(x-4) (2) (x 2 -3x+5)(x 2 +4x-3)
(3) (3a+4)(2a 2 -a 3 -1) (4) (x 3 -3-2x 2 )(4x+x 2 -6)
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zq+qvz+zv == zq+qv+qv+zv ==
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~
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[1] (a+ b)2 == a 2+2ab+ b 2 ~~I
[2] (a- b)2 == a 2-2ab+ b 2 l~f9-l A~I-B-I

[3] (a+b)(a-b) == a 2-b2 1~~~}9.l~1


[4] 2
(x+p)(x+q) == x + (p+q)x+pq
[5] (ax+b)(cx+d) == acx 2+(ad+bc)x+bd

(@) (1) (2a+5) 2== (2a)2+2· (2a) ·5 ~-52 == 4a 2+20a+25


(2) (p-3q)2 p2-2p(3q) + (3q)2 == p2-6pq+9 q 2
==

(3) (x+2y)(x-2y) == x 2- (2y)2 == x 2-4 y 2


(@) (1) (x-4)(x+6) == x 2+ (-4+6)x+ (-4)-6
== x 2+2x-24
(2) (7x+2)(3x-4)
== 7-3x 2+{7- (-4) +2-3}x+2- (-4)
== 21x 2-22x-8

I~Ail 51 -=g-~g A}%-ol-Oi qg ~g ~7~-o}Al~.


(1) (3x+5y)2 (2) (4a-7b)2

(3) (x+ n(X- ~) (4) (x+7)(x-4)

(5) (6x-5)(3x+2) (6) (2a-3b)(5a- b)

~IAil ~~"O}~ -T 7n~ Ajy ~ "O}y.~ ~y~l-1q.


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8.£ Y.T~ y.~A17} 1~ ~ ~~"O}Al-2...
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n==2k+1
s..lE~~l-1q.
tr}c}Ai
n 2==. (2k+ 1) 2== (2k) 2+2· 2k.1 + 12
2
== 4k +4k+1

== 4k(k+l) +1
2. 1 ~ ~ 75

29-1 BRT, Itl-etAl 4k(k+l)~ 4·2=89-1 BRT<iJl1t1-.


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2
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n=3k+2£ ±E~~yq]

otllil (a+b+c)2g {!7R-o-}Al.2...


Ell (a+b+c)2 = {(a+b) +C}2
= (a+b)2+2(a+b)c+c 2
= a 2+2ab+b 2+2ac+2bc+c 2
= a 2 +b2+c2+2ab+2bc+2ca

~0ii1J qg ~ g ~7Ri>}A1~.
(1) (a-2b+c) 2 (2) (x+2y-3) 2

[6] (a+b)3=a 3+3a 2b+3ab 2 +b 3 (W~ A~lA~l~)


[7] +
(a ­ b)3 = a 3- 3a2b 3ab 2 - b3 (~}~ A~l A~l ~)
[8] (a+b)(a 2 -ab+b2 ) =a3+b3
[9] (a-b)(a 2 +ab+b 2 )=a3 -b3

~Ilil ~~ [6J g ~~ -o}Al.2.

Ell (a+b)3 = (a+b)2(a+b)


= (a 2+2ab + b2)(a+b)
a2+2ab+b 2
x) a + b
a3 +2a2b+ab 2
a2b+2ab 2+b3 .q- *~ ~ ~Ai1 :g-~ [1], [2]~ ~AJ{iAJ~l ~J ~ ~

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01 ~ ~ EE (a+b)\ (a+b)S, ... , (a+b)n, ...

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7r, Y-~ Qf:Q ~ ~01 A~ {J y q. ~A11.£. 01 ~ ~ 01 "~
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(1) (X+2)3 ( 2) ( 2a - 3b) 3

~ ~ S!- ~ -B- Ai1 ~~ ~, [lJ JI1- [2], [6] JI1- [7], [8] JI1­
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[9] ~ 44 i>ry-ii.. AaC1i>r~ qg JI1- ~01 ~ y ~J~YIi-.
(a ± b)2 = a 2± 2ab+b 2

(a ± b) (a'2 + ab+b 2)

= a 3 ± b3

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~ ~~~:T:£ ~OiLH::: ~
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(2) x(3y-5) -2(5-3y) == x(3y-5) +2(3y-5)
= (x+2)(3y-5)

I ~A~I 91 q g ~ g ~ T~i>l~ -o}Al-2-.


(1) 2a b-3ab 2
2
(2) 2xex-4) +3(4-x)
(3) ab-4a+3b-12 (4) x 2 -ax-bx+ab
[1] a 2+2ab+ b 2 == (a+ b)2
[2] a 2-2ab+ b 2 == (a- b)2

[3] a 2- b 2
== (a+ b)(a- b) .

@D (1) x 2+10x+25 == x 2+2-5-x+5 2 == (X+5)2


(2) 16a 2-24ab+9b 2 == (4a)2-2--4a-3b+ (3b)2
== (4a-3b)2

(3)
2 2
a b - ~ = (ab)2_( r
~ = (ab+ ~)( ab- ~)
(4) 2(ad+bc) +a 2-b 2-c 2+d 2
== (a 2+2ad +d 2) - (b 2-2bc+c 2)
== (a+d)2- (b-C)2
= {(a+d) + (b-c)}{(a+d) ­ (b-c)}
== (a+b-c+d)(a-b+c+d)

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(5) a4 - b4 (6) Ca 2+ b2- c 2 )2-4a2 b2

~ ~~ [4], [5].2.1 ~~
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[5] acx 2+(ad+bc)x·+bd == (ax+b)(cx+d)

a x b-----" be @D (1) x 2-9x+20 == x 2- (4+5)x+4-5


e d~ ad == (x-4)(x-5)
ad+be
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(5) 3a2 -7ab-10b 2 (6) 16x2 +22xy-45 y 2

[8] a 3 + b 3 == (a+ b)(a 2 - ab+ b 2 )


[9] a 3 -b3 == (a-b)(a 2 +ab+b2 )

@D (1) x 3+8 == x 3+2 3 == (x+2)(x 2 -2x+4)


(2) 27a 3-8b 3 == (3a)3- (2b)3
== (3a-2b){(3a)2+ (3a)(2b) + (2b)2}
== (3a-2b)(9a 2+6ab+4b 2)

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~ 71E1-.2t ~~~1iH
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== (x 2 -4)(x 2 -9)
== (x+2)(x-2)(x+3)(x-3)
@D (x 2+2x+6)(x 2+2x+12) -280~ C{l~~i>R
x 2+2x ==Xc} i>}TB

(x 2 +2x+6)(x 2 +2x+ 12) -280


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== (X-8)(X+26)
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a 011 rR i>~ Ai t.B ifJ ~}tr -2.-.£. Ad ~ -o-}J?1
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(7) a 4 + a 2- 20 (8) a4 -16b 4
(9) 16x 4 -81 y 4 (10) X 4 +X 2y2_2 y 4
(11) (x 2+4x)2_8(x 2+4x) -48
(12) 2x 2+3xy-2 y 2_4 x +7y-6
(13) x 2-xy-6 y 2_ X +23y-20
(14) 2x 2+xy-x-2y-6
(15) a 2+ (2b-3)a- (3b 2+b-2)
(16) a 4 +4 (17) X 4 +X 2+ 1
(18) (a+b+c+1)(a+l)+bc
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