General Design Chart and Design Table to ES EN 1992-1-1:2015

DESIGN AIDS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS

Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete Beams Page 1

 General Design Chart and Design Table to ES EN 1992-1-1:2015

Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete Beams Page 2

 General Design Chart and Design Table to ES EN 1992-1-1:2015

Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete Beams Page 3

 General Design Chart and Design Table to ES EN 1992-1-1:2015

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 General Design Chart and Design Table to ES EN 1992-1-1:2015

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 General Design Chart and Design Table to ES EN 1992-1-1:2015

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 General Design Chart and Design Table to ES EN 1992-1-1:2015

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 General Design Chart and Design Table to ES EN 1992-1-1:2015

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 General Design Chart and Design Table to ES EN 1992-1-1:2015

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 General Design Chart and Design Table to ES EN 1992-1-1:2015

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 General Design Chart and Design Table to ES EN 1992-1-1:2015

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 General Design Chart and Design Table to ES EN 1992-1-1:2015

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 General Design Chart and Design Table to ES EN 1992-1-1:2015

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 General Design Chart and Design Table to ES EN 1992-1-1:2015

2.3 Design Examples

Example 1: Design of Singly Reinforced Section

Given: Cross-section: 𝑏/𝐷/𝑑 = 300/600/550𝑚𝑚

Action Effects: Design moment = 180𝑘𝑁𝑚 (no redistribution of moment)

Material Data: Concrete C16/20 Steel S460

Required: Amount of tension reinforcement

Solution

Using Design Table

Step 1: Determine design constants (Changing the characteristic value to design value)

Material: 𝐶16/20 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 16𝑀𝑝𝑎

0.85∗𝑓𝑐𝑘 0.85∗16
𝑓𝑐𝑑 = = = 9.067𝑀𝑝𝑎
𝛾𝑐 1.5

𝑆 − 460 𝑓𝑦𝑘 = 460𝑀𝑝𝑎

𝑓𝑦𝑘 460
𝑓𝑦𝑑 = = 1.15 = 400𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝛾𝑠

Step 2: Compute 𝜇𝑠𝑑,𝑠

Using General Design Table 2.2 for 0% redistribution of moment:

𝜇𝑠𝑑,𝑙𝑖𝑚 = 0.295

𝑀𝑠𝑑 180∗106
𝜇𝑠𝑑,𝑠 = 𝑓 = 9.067∗300∗5502 = 0.2188 ≤ 𝜇𝑠𝑑,𝑙𝑖𝑚
𝑐𝑑 𝑏𝑑2

Since 𝜇𝑠𝑑,𝑠 ≤ 𝜇𝑠𝑑,𝑙𝑖𝑚 , the section is singly reinforced.

Step 3: Reading 𝜔 from Table 2.2,

𝜇𝑠𝑑,𝑠 𝜔

0.210 0.239

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0.2188 𝜔

0.220 0.253 𝜔 = 0.25132

Step 4: Calculate flexural reinforcement areas

𝑓 9.067
𝐴𝑠1 = 𝜔𝑏𝑑 𝑓 𝑐𝑑 = 0.25132 ∗ 300 ∗ 550 ∗ = 939.9368𝑚𝑚2
𝑦𝑑 400

Using General Design Chart (𝐶12/15 − 𝐶50/60):

𝑀𝑠𝑑,𝑠 180𝑥106
𝜇𝑠𝑑,𝑠 = 𝑓 = 9.067𝑥300𝑥5502 = 0.2188
𝑐𝑑 𝑏𝑑2

Since 𝜇𝑠𝑑,𝑠 ≤ 𝜇𝑠𝑑,𝑙𝑖𝑚 , the section is singly reinforced.

Reading 𝑘𝑧 from Figure 2.1, 𝑘𝑧 = 0.87

𝑧 = 𝑘𝑧 𝑥𝑑 = 0.87𝑥550 = 478.5𝑚𝑚

𝑀𝑠𝑑,𝑠 180𝑥106
𝐴𝑠1 = = 478.5𝑥400 = 940.4𝑚𝑚2
𝑧𝑓𝑦𝑑

Example 2: Design of Doubly Reinforced Section

Given: Cross-section: 𝑏/𝐷/𝑑/𝑑2 = 300/600/550/55𝑚𝑚

Action Effects: Design moment = 240𝑘𝑁𝑚 (after moment redistribution)

Material Data: Concrete C20/25 Steel S460

Percent Moment Redistribution: 20%

Required: Amount of Tension and Compression Reinforcement

Solution

Using Design Table

Step 1: Determine design constants (Changing the characteristic value to design value)

Material: 𝐶20/25 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 20𝑀𝑝𝑎

0.85∗𝑓𝑐𝑘 0.85∗20
𝑓𝑐𝑑 = = = 11.33𝑀𝑝𝑎
𝛾𝑐 1.5

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𝑆 − 460 𝑓𝑦𝑘 = 460𝑀𝑝𝑎

𝑓𝑦𝑘 460
𝑓𝑦𝑑 = = 1.15 = 400𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝛾𝑠

𝑓𝑦𝑑 400
𝜀𝑦𝑑 = = 200000 = 0.002 = 2% ∘
𝐸𝑠

Step 2: Compute 𝜇𝑠𝑑,𝑠

Using General Design Table 2.2 for 20% redistribution of moment:

𝜇𝑠𝑑,𝑙𝑖𝑚 = 0.205

𝑀𝑠𝑑 240∗106
𝜇𝑠𝑑,𝑠 = 𝑓 = 11.33∗300∗5502 = 0.2334 > 𝜇𝑠𝑑,𝑙𝑖𝑚
𝑐𝑑 𝑏𝑑2

Since 𝜇𝑠𝑑,𝑠 ≤ 𝜇𝑠𝑑,𝑙𝑖𝑚 , the section is doubly reinforced.

Step 3: Reading 𝜔𝑙𝑖𝑚 from Table 2.2, 𝜔𝑙𝑖𝑚 = 0.233

Step 4: Compute 𝜔′

𝜇𝑠𝑑,𝑠 − 𝜇𝑠𝑑,𝑙𝑖𝑚 0.2334 − 0.205

𝜔′ = = = 0.0316
𝑑2 55
(1 − ) (1 − )
𝑑 550

Step 5: Calculate area of tension reinforcement 𝐴𝑠1

𝑓 11.33
𝐴𝑠1 = (𝜔𝑙𝑖𝑚 + 𝜔′)𝑏𝑑 𝑓 𝑐𝑑 = (0.233 + 0.0316) ∗ 300 ∗ 550 ∗ = 1236.64𝑚𝑚2
𝑦𝑑 400

Step 6: Check whether the compression reinforcement has yielded

𝑘𝑥 = 0.288 & 𝜀𝑐 = 3.5%𝑜 for 20% redistribution of moment

𝑑2⁄ 55
𝜀𝑠2 = (1 − 𝑑 ) 𝜀 = (1 − ⁄550) 3.5%𝑜 = 2.2847%𝑜
𝑐
𝑘𝑥 0.288

𝜀𝑠2 = 2.2847%𝑜 > 𝜀𝑦𝑑 = 2.0%𝑜

∴ 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑑 (𝑖. 𝑒. , 𝜎𝑠2 = 𝑓𝑦𝑑 = 400𝑀𝑃𝑎)

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Step 7: Calculate area of compression reinforcement 𝐴𝑠2

𝑓𝑐𝑑 11.33
𝐴𝑠2 = 𝜔′ 𝑏𝑑 = 0.0316 ∗ 300 ∗ 550 ( ) = 147.7𝑚𝑚2
𝜎𝑠2 400

Using General Design Chart

𝜇𝑠𝑑,𝑙𝑖𝑚 = 0.205

𝑀𝑠𝑑 240∗106
𝜇𝑠𝑑,𝑠 = 𝑓 2
= 11.33∗300∗5502 = 0.2334 > 𝜇𝑠𝑑,𝑙𝑖𝑚
𝑐𝑑 𝑏𝑑

Since 𝜇𝑠𝑑,𝑠 ≤ 𝜇𝑠𝑑,𝑙𝑖𝑚 , the section is doubly reinforced.

𝑀𝑠𝑑,𝑙𝑖𝑚 = 𝜇𝑠𝑑,𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓𝑐𝑑 = 0.205 ∗ 300 ∗ 5502 ∗ 11.33 ∗ 10−6 = 210.78𝑘𝑁𝑚

Reading 𝑘𝑧,𝑙𝑖𝑚 from Figure 2.1, 𝑘𝑧,𝑙𝑖𝑚 = 0.880

𝑧𝑙𝑖𝑚 = 𝑘𝑧,𝑙𝑖𝑚 ∗ 𝑑 = 0.880 ∗ 550 = 484𝑚𝑚

Area of tension reinforcement 𝐴𝑠1

𝑀𝑠𝑑,𝑙𝑖𝑚 (𝑀𝑠𝑑 − 𝑀𝑠𝑑,𝑙𝑖𝑚 ) 210.78 ∗ 106 (240 − 210.78) ∗ 106

𝐴𝑠1 = + = + = 1236.316𝑚𝑚2
𝑧𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓𝑦𝑑 (𝑑 − 𝑑2 )𝑓𝑦𝑑 484 ∗ 400 (550 − 55) ∗ 400

Check whether the compression reinforcement has yielded

𝑑2⁄ 55
Reading 𝜀𝑠2 from Figure 2.1, for 𝑑 = ⁄550 = 0.10 → 𝜀𝑠2 = −2.285%𝑜

→ 𝜀𝑠2 = 2.2847%𝑜 > 𝜀𝑦𝑑 = −2.0%𝑜

∴ 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑑 (𝑖. 𝑒. , 𝜎𝑠2 = 𝑓𝑦𝑑 = 400𝑀𝑃𝑎)

Calculate area of compression reinforcement 𝐴𝑠2

1 (𝑀𝑠𝑑 − 𝑀𝑠𝑑,𝑙𝑖𝑚 ) 1 (240 − 210.78) ∗ 106

𝐴𝑠2 = = = 151.8777𝑚𝑚2
𝜎𝑠2 − 𝜎𝑐𝑑,𝑠2 (𝑑 − 𝑑2 ) 400 − 11.33 (550 − 55)

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Example 3

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