AP® CALCULUS BC

2019 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 1

(a) E ′( 7 ) = 6.164924 1 : answer with units

The rate of change of E ( t ) at time t = 7 is 6.165 (or 6.164) cars

per hour per hour.

(b)
12
∫0 E ( t ) dt = 520.070489 2: { 1 : integrand
1 : answer

To the nearest whole number, 520 cars enter the parking lot from
time t = 0 to time t = 12.

12 L( 2 ) + L( 5 ) L( 5 ) + L( 9 )
(c) ∫2 L( t ) dt ≈ ( 5 − 2 ) ⋅
2
+ ( 9 − 5) ⋅
2
 1 : trapezoidal sum

L( 9 ) + L(11) L (11) + L(12 ) 3 :  1 : approximation
+ (11 − 9 ) ⋅ + (12 − 11) ⋅  1 : explanation
2 2
15 + 40 40 + 24 24 + 68 68 + 18
= 3⋅ + 4⋅ + 2⋅ + 1⋅
2 2 2 2
= 345.5

12
∫2 L( t ) dt is the number of cars that leave the parking lot in the
10 hours between 7 A.M. (t = 2) and 5 P.M. (t = 12).

6 12
(d) 5∫ E ( t ) dt + 8∫ E ( t ) dt =
3530.1396  1 : integrand
0 6 
3 :  1 : limits and constants
To the nearest dollar, 3530 dollars are collected from time t = 0 to  1 : answer
time t = 12.

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 AP® CALCULUS BC
2019 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 2

(a) ( x′( 3) )2 + ( y′( 3) )2 =

3.064951 1 : answer

The speed of the laser at time t = 3 seconds is 3.065 (or 3.064)

centimeters per second.

{
3
(b)
∫1 ( x′( t ) )2 + ( y′( t ) )2 dt =
7.090427
2:
1 : integral
1 : answer
The total distance traveled by the laser from time t = 1 to time
t = 3 seconds is 7.090 centimeters.

1.253

{
dx
0+⌠
(c) x(1.253) = 2.932354
dt = 1 : integral
⌡0 dt 2:
1 : answer
The x -coordinate of the laser’s rightmost position is 2.932.

(d) dy = 0 ⇒ =  1 : sets dy = 0
t t1= 0.628319 or =
t t=
2 1.884956 
dt dt
 1 : critical points
4: 
y( 0 ) = 0  1 : integrand

t1
dy  1 : answer with justification
0+⌠
y ( t1 ) = 1.6
dt =
⌡0 dt
t2
dy
0+⌠
y ( t2 ) = −1.6
dt =
⌡0 dt
3.1
dy
0+⌠
y ( 3.1) = 1.591358
dt =
⌡0 dt

The difference between the y -coordinates of the laser’s highest

position and lowest position is y ( t1 ) − y ( t2 ) =
3.2.

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 AP® CALCULUS BC
2019 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 3

f ( 4 ) − f ( −3) −1 − 0 1
(a) Average rate of change = = = − 1 : answer
4 − ( −3) 7 7

(b) f ( 3) =−3 + 3cos 3π =−3

2 ( )  1 : f ′( 3)
2:
 1 : equation

′( x ) −1 + −3 sin
For 0 < x < 4, f= ( ( π2x )) ⋅ π2
f ′( 3) =−1 + −3sin( ( 32π )) ⋅ π2 =−1 + 32π
An equation for the tangent line is y =−3 + −1 + ( 3π
2 )
( x − 3) .

(c) The average value of f on the interval −3 ≤ x ≤ 4 is  1 : integrals of f over

1 4  −3 ≤ x ≤ 0 and 0 ≤ x ≤ 4
4 − ( −3) −3 ∫
f ( x ) dx. 
 1 : value of 0 9 − x 2 dx

4: 
∫−3
 1 : antiderivative of
4
∫=
−3
0
f ( x ) dx ∫ f ( x ) dx + ∫ f ( x ) dx
−3 0
4 


− x + 3cos
πx
2( )
 1 : answer
0 0 9π
∫−3 f ( x ) dx = ∫−3 9 − x 2 dx =
4

( ( 2 )) πx 4
( )
4
4 πx 1 6
∫0 f ( x ) dx =⌠
 − x + 3cos dx = − x 2 + sin =−8
⌡0  2 π 2  0

1
4 − ( −3) ∫−3
4
f (=
x ) dx (
1 9π
7 4
−8 )
(d)
x → 0−
x = 0.
( x)
lim f= ( 0 ) 3 and lim f ( x ) = 3, so f is continuous at
f=
x → 0+ 2: { 1 : continuity at x = 0
1 : answer with justification

Because f is continuous on [ −3, 4] , the Extreme Value Theorem

guarantees that f attains an absolute maximum on [ −3, 4].

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 AP® CALCULUS BC
2019 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 4

0 9 3
(a) g ( 0 ) = ∫− 4 f ( t ) dt = 2
−3=
2  1 : g ( 0)
 1 : integral of f over 1 ≤ t ≤ 4
4: 
4  1 : antiderivative
g ( 4) = ∫− 4 f ( t ) dt  1 : g ( 4 )
0 1 4
= ∫− 4 f ( t ) dt + ∫0 f ( t ) dt + ∫1 f ( t ) dt
3 4
= + 5 + ∫ ( −t 2 + 5t − 4 ) dt
2 1
4
3  − 1 t 3 + 5 t 2 − 4t 
= +5+
2  3 2  1

=
3
2 ( 1 5 1
) (
5
+ 5 +  − ⋅ 43 + ⋅ 42 − 4 ⋅ 4 − − ⋅ 13 + ⋅ 12 − 4 ⋅ 1 
 3 2 3 2  )
=
3
2
+5+ ( ( ))
8
3
− −
11
6
= 11

(b) g ′( x ) = f ( x ) is negative for −1 < x < 0, and nonnegative  1 : g ′( x ) = f ( x )

elsewhere. Thus, the absolute minimum value of g on [ − 4, 4] can  1 : identifies x = − 4 and x =
0
3: 
only occur at x = − 4 or x = 0.  as candidates
 1 : answer with justification
g ( −4) = 0
3
g ( 0) =
2

The absolute minimum value of g on [ − 4, 4] is g ( − 4 ) =

0.

(c) The graph of g is concave down on the intervals −2 < x < − 1 ,

1 5
2
< x < 1, and < x < 4 because g ′( x ) = f ( x ) is decreasing on
2: { 1 : intervals
1 : reason
2 2
these intervals.

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 AP® CALCULUS BC
2019 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 5

d d
(a)
dx
(
4 x2 + 3 y 2 + 6 y =
dy dy
dx
)(9)
2: { 1 : implicit differentiation
1 : verification
⇒ 8x + 6 y +6 = 0
dx dx
dy
⇒ ( 6 y + 6) = −8 x
dx
dy −8 x −4 x
⇒ = =
dx 6 y + 6 3 ( y + 1)

dy 16 x 2  1 : form of quotient rule

2 − 4 ⋅ 3 ( y + 1) − ( − 4 x ) ⋅ 3 −12 ( y + 1) −
d y dx y +1 
(b) = 2:  d2y
dx 2 ( 3 ( y + 1) )2 ( 3 ( y + 1) )2  1 :
 dx 2

(c) r 3  1 : dr
= > 0 for 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π .
2 + sin θ 2:  dθ
 1 : answer with reason
dr −3
= ⋅ cos θ
dθ ( 2 + sin θ )2

( 2 + sin θ )2 > 0 for all θ .

π 3π dr
For <θ < , cos θ < 0, so > 0.
2 2 dθ

The distance between the origin and the point ( r , θ ) is increasing for
π 3π
≤θ ≤ .
2 2

(d) 2 = 3 3 1 7π 11π
⇒ 2 + sin θ = ⇒ sin θ =− ⇒ θ = or θ =  1 : limits and constant
2 + sin θ 2 2 6 6 
3 :  1 : form of integrand
 1 : integrand
11π
2
1⌠ 6  3  − 2 2  dθ
=Area   2 + sin θ  
2
⌡7π   
6

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 AP® CALCULUS BC
2019 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 6

∞ −1 n +1 5n ∞ −1 n +1 ∞
( ) ( )  1
(a) The series with p = 3 and x = 8 is ∑ 5n ⋅ n 3
=∑
n3
.  1 : considers ∑ 3

=n 1= n 1 2:  n =1 n
∞
1( −1)n +1 ∞  1 : converges absolutely
=
∑ n
n 1=
3
=∑ 3
n 1n
is a p -series with p= 3 > 1, which converges.  with explanation
∞ −1 n +1 5n
( )
Therefore, the series ∑
n =1 5n ⋅ n 3
converges absolutely.

∞ −1 n +1 5n ∞ −1 n +1  ∞ −1 n +1
( ) ( ) ( )
(b) The series with p = 1 and x = 8 is
5n ⋅ n
∑ = ∑ n
. 

1 : considers ∑ n
=n 1= n 1 2:  n =1
∞ −1 n +1
( )  1 : converges conditionally
∑
n =1
n
converges by the alternating series test.  with explanation
∞ ∞
1 ( −1)n +1
=
∑ n
n 1=
∑
n 1
n
= is the harmonic series, which diverges.

∞ −1 n +1 5n
( )
Therefore, the series ∑
n =1 5n ⋅ n
converges conditionally.

∞ −1 n +1 −5 n ∞ ∞ ∞
( ) ( ) −1 1  −1
(c) The series with x = −2 is
=
∑
n 1
n p
= ∑ p = −∑ p .
5 ⋅ n =n 1 =
n n 1n
 1 : considers ∑ p
2:  n =1 n
∞  1 : answer with explanation
1 
∑
n =1 n
p
is a p -series, which converges if and only if p > 1.

∞ −1 n +1 −5 n
( ) ( )
Therefore, the series ∑
n =1 5n ⋅ n p
converges for p > 1.

(d) The series with p = 1 and x = 3.1 is  1 : approximation

∞ −1 n +1 ∞ −1 n +1 n  1 : uses third term of
( ) ( ) ( 0.1)
∑ n
5 ⋅n
n 1=
∑
( 3.1 − 3)n =
n 1 5 ⋅nn
. 3: 
 series
2
 1 : error bound
0.1 ( 0.1) 99
Using two terms, S ≈ − 2 = .
5 5 ⋅2 5000
∞ −1 n +1 0.1 n
( ) ( )
∑
n =1 5n ⋅ n
is an alternating series with terms that decrease in

magnitude to 0.
99
By the alternating series error bound, the approximation S ≈ has
5000
absolute error bounded by the magnitude of the third term, 3 1 3 .
5 ⋅ 10 3
99 1 1 1
Therefore, S − < 3 = < .
5000 3
5 ⋅ 10 ⋅ 3 375,000 300,000

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 2019 AP Calculus BC
Question Descriptors and Performance Data

Question Skill Learning Objective Topic Key % Correct

Determining Intervals on Which a Function
76 2.E FUN-4.A D 92
Is Increasing or Decreasing
Using Accumulation Functions and Definite Integrals
77 1.E CHA-4.D D 82
in Applied Contexts
78 2.D LIM-2.D Connecting Infinite Limits and Vertical Asymptotes C 95
Finding the Average Value of a Function
79 3.F CHA-4.B B 70
on an Interval
(BC ONLY) Finding Taylor Polynomial Approximations
80 1.E LIM-8.B B 80
of Functions
(BC ONLY) The Arc Length of a Smooth, Planar Curve
81 1.E CHA-6.A B 68
and Distance Traveled
82 2.D FUN-7.C Sketching Slope Fields A 71
83 3.D LIM-2.C Removing Discontinuities A 72
Defining the Derivative of a Function
84 2.D CHA-2.C C 63
and Using Derivative Notation
Connecting Position, Velocity, and Acceleration
85 1.E CHA-4.C C 62
Functions Using Integrals
Interpreting the Behavior of Accumulation Functions
86 2.B FUN-5.A A 49
Involving Area
(BC ONLY) Solving Motion Problems Using
87 1.E FUN-8.B C 72
Parametric and Vector-Valued Functions
88 1.E CHA-3.A Interpreting the Meaning of the Derivative in Context C 42
(BC ONLY) Logistic Models
89 3.F FUN-7.H D 66
with Differential Equations
90 1.E CHA-3.E Solving Related Rates Problems D 60

Free-Response Questions

Question Skill Learning Objective Topic Mean Score

1 1.E|3.D|3.F|4.D|4.A|4.B|4.C|4.E CHA-2.D|CHA-4.E|LIM-5.A 2.3|8.3|6.2|8.3 7.33
2 1.D|1.E|3.B|3.D|4.D|4.E FUN-8.B 9.6 5.05
3 1.D|1.E|3.C|3.D|4.A CHA-2.A|CHA-2.C|CHA-4.B|FUN-1.C 2.1|2.2|8.1|5.2 3.03
4 1.D|1.E|2.B|2.E|4.A FUN-6.A|FUN-4.A 6.6|5.5|5.6 4.89
5 1.D|1.E |3.E|3.G|4.C FUN-3.D|FUN-4.E|FUN-3.G|CHA-5.D 3.2|5.12|9.7|9.9 5.04
6 1.E|3.B|3.D|3.E|4.A LIM-7.A|LIM-8.C 10.9|10.5|10.12 3.64