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18BT564/3
URR-18 Write your Roll number
KAKATIYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, WARANGAL

(An Autonomous Institute under Kakatiya University, Warangal)
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
B. Tech. (EEE) VI Semester (Supplementary) Examination, December 2022
U18EE604: Power System Operation & Control
Time: 3 Hours] [Max. Marks : 60
Note: Answer all the questions.
CDLL CO’s
1. a. What is the need for load flow studies? [1] R CO1
b. What are the advantages of Newton-Raphson method when compared to [1] U CO1
Gauss-Seidel method of solving power flow equations?
c. A 1000*1000 bus admittance matrix for an electric power system has 8000 [1] Ap CO1
non-zero elements. Determine the minimum number of branches
(transmission lines and transformers) in this system.
d. Define Unit commitment. [1] R CO2
e. Why economic load dispatch is often limited to thermal power plants? [1] U CO2
f. Determine the incremental cost of received power and the penalty factor of [1] Ap CO2
the plant shown in Fig. below if the incremental cost of production is
g. Derive the transfer function of a turbine. [1] R CO3

h. What is Control area? [1] U CO3
i. There are two generators in a power system. No-load frequencies of the [1] Ap CO3
generators are 51.5 Hz and 51 Hz, respectively, and both are having droop
constant of 1 Hz/MW. Total load in the system is 2.5 MW. Assuming that
the generators are operating under their respective droop characteristics,
determine the frequency of the power system in Hz in the steady state.
j. What is the significance of swing curves? [1] R CO4
k. Among the steady state and transient stability limits, which is greater? [1] U CO4
Justify your answer with proper reasons
l. If a generator of 400MVA rating has an inertia constant of 5MJ/MVA. What [1] Ap CO4
is its inertia constant on 250MVA base?
2. a. Explain the various assumptions considered for load flow solution when [6] U CO1
Newton Decoupled and Fast Decoupled methods are employed.
b. For a three-bus power system network, the impedance data has been given [6] Ap CO1
below. (Line charging admittances are neglected)
Bus code Impedance

1–2 3+j4
1-3 1+j2
2-3 1+j3
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18BT564/3
The bus data is shown below:
Bus PG QG PD QD |V| δ Remarks
1 0.4 0.5 - - 1.0 0 Slack
2 0.3 0.4 0.1 0 1.0 0 Generator bus
3 0 0 0.2 0.3 - - Load bus

Determine the voltage at bus 2 at the end of first iteration using Gauss-Seidel
method. Use flat voltage profile as initial estimate. Consider an acceleration
factor, α =1.3.
(OR)
c. Derive the expressions for calculation of elements of Jacobian matrix in [6] U CO1
Newton-Raphson Rectangular method?
d. The load flow data of a four-bus power system are given below. Taking bus [6] Ap CO1
1 as slack bus how would you determine the voltages of all buses at the end
of first iteration starting with a flat voltage profile using Newton Raphson
(polar) Method?
Impedance data: Schedule of generation and loads:
Bus Series Remark

Bus Assumed Generation Load
code admittanc s
No. Voltages MW MVAR MW MVAR
e
1-2 1-j3 1 1.02 + j 0 0 0 0 0 Slack
1-3 2-j4 2 1.02 + j 0 0.6 0.4 0.1 0 PV
2-3 1-j2 3 1.0 + j 0.0 0 0 0.5 0.4 PQ
3. a. Determine the condition for economic load dispatch when losses are [6] U CO2
included.
b. The cost characteristic of two units in a plant are: [6] Ap CO2
C1 = 0.4 P1 2 + 160 P1 + K1 Rs./h
C2 = 0.45 P22 + 120 P2 + K2 Rs. / h where P1 and P2 are power output in MW.
Find the optimum load allocation between the two units, when the total load
is 162.5 MW. What will be the daily loss if the units are loaded equally?
(OR)
c. Explain the iterative procedure for economic load dispatch when [6] U CO2
transmission losses are included
d. Consider a power system with two plants having incremental cost as [6] Ap CO2
IC1=1.0P1 +200 Rs / MWh

IC2=1.0P2 +150 Rs / MWh
Loss coefficient matrix is given by
B=[0.001 −0.0005
−0.0005 0.0024]. Find the optimum scheduling for a
system load of 100 MW. Compare the cost savings of
economic scheduling with that of equal sharing of load.
4. a. For a single area system, show that the static error in frequency can be [6] U CO3
reduced to zero using proportional plus integral control.
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18BT564/3
b. Two turbo alternators rated for 110MW and 210MW have governor drop [6] Ap CO3
characteristics of 5% from no load to full load. They are connected in parallel
to share a load of 250MW. Determine the load shared by each machine
assuming free governor operation. Also determine frequency at that load.
(OR)
c. Draw the block diagram representation of speed governing system and [6] U CO3
derive the transfer function of the speed governor.
d. A 1000MW control area-1 is interconnected with a 5000 W control area-2. [6] Ap CO3
The 1000MW area has the system parameters given below.
R=2 Hz / p.u. MW
B = 0.1 p.u. MW / Hz
∆PD1 = 0.01 p.u. MW
Area-2 has the same parameters R and B but in terms of the 5000 MW base.
Find the static frequency drop.
5. a. Derive an expression for the maximum power transfer between two nodes. [6] U CO4
Show that this power is maximum when √ , where X is the reactance
and R the resistance of the system
b. A generator operating at 50Hz delivers 1p.u. power to an infinite bus [6] Ap CO4
through a transmission circuit in which resistance is ignored. A fault takes
place reducing the maximum power transferable to 0.5p.u. Whereas before
the fault, this power was 2.0p.u. and after the clearance of the fault, it is
1.5p.u. By the use of equal area criterion, determine the critical clearing
angle.
(OR)
c. Differentiate between steady state stability and transient stability of a power [6] U CO4
system. Discuss the factors that affect (i) steady state stability, and (ii)
transient state stability of the system.
d. Determine the kinetic energy stored by a 50 MVA, 50Hz two pole alternator [6] Ap CO4
with an inertia constant (H) of 5 kW sec per kVA. If the machine is running
steadily at synchronous speed with a shaft input (minus rotational losses) of
65000HP when the electrical power developed suddenly changes from its
normal value to a value of 40 MW, determine the acceleration or deceleration
of the rotor. If the acceleration computed for the generator is constant for a
period of 10 cycles, determine the change in torque angle in that period and
the rpm at the end of the 10 cycles.
---Question Paper Ends---
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18BT564/3

URR-18 Write your Roll number

KAKATIYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, WARANGAL

g. Derive the transfer function of a turbine. [1] R CO3

Bus code Impedance

1 0.4 0.5 - - 1.0 0 Slack

2 0.3 0.4 0.1 0 1.0 0 Generator bus

3 0 0 0.2 0.3 - - Load bus

Bus Series Remark

IC1=1.0P1 +200 Rs / MWh

---Question Paper Ends---

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