Neuro muscular system head

ache • back ache • convulsions •

epileptic
fits • dysmenorrhoea •
Reproductive system • heavy
bleeding • sores and discharges
• breast
lump
Management of Minor Ailments
i. ASSESSMENT – Taking
history - Performing quick
physical examination
ii. FINDING THE CAUSE,
MAKING THE DIAGNOSIS
AND PLANNING FOR
CARE
iii. PROVIDING
TREATMENT AND
NURSING CARE
iv. EVALUATING THE CARE
AND CONDITION OF THE
PATIENT – If the
outcome is successful, plan for
follow up - If condition does not
improve or
serious signs – refer to hospital
Example
HEMORRHAGE • Lie down
the person on back • Take BP •
Press a pad on the site
of bleeding • Give him liquids •
Try to find out the cause of
bleeding • Monitor the
state of shock and in case of
bleeding or condition of shock
getting out of control
send the patient for further
treatment
Hospital Level
Laboratory facilities allow
diagnoses of, e.g. leprosy and
TB
Health Centre Level
These may be run by nurses
who have had training as
diagnosticians.
Village Level
Village health workers usually
get about three months training.
Different programmes have
different mixes of drugs for the
village level:
The list should be of drugs
which treat common conditions,
are effective, and
which, with training, can be
used safely.
N.B. Wounds and burns are
common problems in
developing countries and can be
very serious.
One example of a Community
Health Worker Drug Kit:
Anti-malarials, Antibiotics for
adults, Antibiotics for children,
Anti-dehydration mix
 for diarrhoea e.g. sugar & salt
(or packets) , Pain-killers e.g.
aspirin, Anti-
indigestion and Anti-thread
worm
Sexually Transmitted Infectious
Including HIV
National level
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Elements of PHC
Elements of phc
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University of Nairobi

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Preview text
Elements of Primary Health care
Mental health
Mental health is the level of psychological well-being or an absence of
mental illness. It is the state of someone who is “functioning at a
satisfactory level of emotional and behavioral adjustment. It is the
state of emotional, physical, social and psychological well-being in
which an individual fulills his or her own abilities.
Mental health Act
It is an act of parliament to amend and consolidate the law relating to
the care of persons who are sufering from mental disorders.
The act provides the procedures and the establishment of a board
(Kenya Board of Mental Health).
Why mental health matters
 Mental health is a key determinant of overall health and socio-
economic development.  It inluences individual and community
outcomes such as healthier lifestyle, better physical health, higher
education attainment and improved quality of life.
Integrating mental health services into primary health care
Providing mental health services in primary health care involves
diagnosing and treating people with mental disorders; putting in place
strategies to prevent mental disorders and ensuring that primary
health care workers are able to apply key psychosocial and behavioral
science skills, for example, interviewing, counselling and interpersonal
skills, in their day to day work in order to improve overall health
outcomes in primary health care
Importance of integrating mental health services into primary
health care
1. Reduced Stigma for people with mental disorders and their
families Because primary health care services are not associated
with any speciic health conditions, stigma is reduced when
seeking mental health care from a primary health care provider
(compared to a stand-alone specialized service), making this
level of care far more acceptable - and therefore accessible - for
most users and families.
2. Improved Access to Care Integrated care helps to improve
access to mental health services and treatment of co-morbid
physical conditions.
3. Reduced Chronicity and Improved Social Integration, both
for the people with mental disorders and his/her household.
4. Human Rights Protection Providing treatment at primary
health care, backed by secondary health care and informal
community care can prevent people from being admitted into
psychiatric institutions often associated with human rights
violations.
5. Better Health Outcomes for people treated in Primary Health
Care In terms of clinical outcomes it has been found that, for
most common mental disorders, primary health care can deliver
good care and certainly better care than that provided in
psychiatric hospitals.
Challenges facing mental health in Kenya
Low awareness: low awareness of mental disorders particularly the
symptoms of this condition at the community.
Cost of management of treating mental illness in Kenya are
undeined and they have no separate budget.
Mental Health Conditions
According to WHO, this is a health condition characterized by
alterations in thinking mood, or behavior associated with distress or
interference with personal functions.
There are two broad categories of mental health conditions;
 Intellectual Disability
 Psycho-social Disability
Intellectual Disability
An intellectual disability is a condition that afects the way an individual
learns, communicates and undertakes everyday activities. It is a
developmental condition present at birth or may develop during
childhood. Symptoms of Intellectual Disability:
Persons with intellectual disabilities often need help with everyday
activities.
They may have diiculty in telling time, remembering things,
recognizing value of things such as money, and/or going to places may
require a supporting person because of memory loss.
Psycho-social Disability
Psychosocial disability, in general terms refers to the social
consequences and the way that your life is impacted due to the
existence of a mental illness.
Some examples include:
 Schizoid disorders such as schizophrenia and schizoafective
disorder
 Anxiety disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-
traumatic stress disorder, agoraphobia and social phobia
 Mood disorders such as major and dysthymic depression and
bipolar
 Eating disorders such as bulimia, anorexia, obesity related
conditions.
  Drugs and alcohol related mental illness
Neuro muscular system head ache • back ache • convulsions •
epileptic its • dysmenorrhoea • Reproductive system • heavy
bleeding • sores and discharges • breast lump
Sexually Transmitted Infectious Including HIV
National level
 developing mass health promotion programmes;  importing,
inancing and distributing antiretroviral medicines, condoms and other
materials;  supporting innovative approaches for diferent therapies,
for prevention, for support of People Living with AIDS (PLWAs), etc; 
organizing safe blood supplies;  making diicult policy decisions about
resource distribution; integrating AIDS programmes with others,
especially Family Planning;  monitoring other STDs, especially with
high risk groups (District) Health Centre Level With Outpatient
& Outreach Services
Providing the following services (and more) either directly or through
supporting special projects: testing for HIV status and counselling;
Expanding a programme of anti-retroviral therapy for HIV+ people;
monitoring adherence, managing side-efects and pain; Delivering HIV
positive women while preventing transmission to baby; monitoring and
treating opportunistic infections such as T.; H. Education/ BCC - in
schools, churches, among street kids; directed at husbands etc;
promoting & distributing condoms & correct teaching of
proper condom use; developing new educational media – traditional,
theatre, comics; supplying sex workers with condoms, advice, work
alternatives; Making accessible the treatment for other STDs,
especially for high-risk groups like returning migrant labourers and sex
workers; Removing stigma and have AIDS testing & counselling
in integrated clinics, not STD clinics – and using fast & precise
tests; Providing high quality counselling and follow-up for HIV+ people
and PLWAs Monitoring and treating opportunistic infections such as
T.;supporting PLWAs & families at home with provision of
materials such as medicines, Home Care Kits, food etc (see Palliative
care); meeting the needs of orphans and carers for physical,
psychological, spiritual support.
Village Level
Activities for Community Health workers. Expanding a programme of
anti-retroviral therapy for HIV+ people; monitoring adherence,
managing side efects and pain; identifying/treating opportunistic
infections, educating on prevention; distributing condoms and proper
teaching of their correct use -reaching couples where only one is
HIV+; sex workers; reducing prejudice about PLWAs; supporting
PLWAs, carers, families and orphans at home; educating husbands,
especially migrant labourers, on AIDS and other STDs; supporting the
dying – see Palliative care, Chapter 7. Activities for TBA:
Download
Save

Elements of Primary Health

care
Mental health
Mental health is the level of
psychological well-being or an
absence of mental
illness. It is the state of someone
who is “functioning at a
satisfactory level of
emotional and behavioral
adjustment. It is the state of
emotional, physical, social
and psychological well-being in
which an individual fulfills his
or her own abilities.
Mental health Act
It is an act of parliament to
amend and consolidate the law
relating to the care of
persons who are suffering from
mental disorders.
The act provides the procedures
and the establishment of a board
(Kenya Board of
Mental Health).
Why mental health matters
 Mental health is a key
determinant of overall health
and socio-economic
development.
 It influences individual and
community outcomes such as
healthier lifestyle,
better physical health, higher
education attainment and
improved quality of
life.
Integrating mental health
services into primary health care
Providing mental health services
in primary health care involves
diagnosing and
treating people with mental
disorders; putting in place
strategies to prevent
mental disorders and ensuring
that primary health care workers
are able to apply
key psychosocial and behavioral
science skills, for example,
interviewing,
counselling and interpersonal
skills, in their day to day work
in order to improve
overall health outcomes in
primary health care
Importance of integrating
mental health services into
primary health care
1. Reduced Stigma for people
with mental disorders and their
families
Because primary health care
services are not associated with
any specific
health conditions, stigma is
reduced when seeking mental
health care from a
primary health care provider
(compared to a stand-alone
specialized
service), making this level of
care far more acceptable - and
therefore
accessible - for most users and
families.
2. Improved Access to Care
Integrated care helps to improve
access to
mental health services and
treatment of co-morbid physical
conditions.
3. Reduced Chronicity and
Improved Social Integration,
both for the
people with mental disorders
and his/her household.
4. Human Rights Protection
Providing treatment at primary
health care,
backed by secondary health care
and informal community care
can prevent
people from being admitted into
psychiatric institutions often
associated
with human rights violations.
5. Better Health Outcomes for
people treated in Primary Health
Care In
terms of clinical outcomes it has
been found that, for most
common mental
disorders, primary health care
can deliver good care and
certainly better
care than that provided in
psychiatric hospitals.
Challenges facing mental health
in Kenya
Low awareness: low awareness
of mental disorders particularly
the symptoms of
this condition at the community.
Cost of management of treating
mental illness in Kenya are
undefined and they
have no separate budget.
Mental Health Conditions
According to WHO, this is a
health condition characterized
by alterations in
thinking mood, or behavior
associated with distress or
interference with personal
functions.
There are two broad categories
of mental health conditions;
• Intellectual Disability
• Psycho-social Disability
Intellectual Disability
An intellectual disability is a
condition that affects the way an
individual learns,
communicates and undertakes
everyday activities. It is a
developmental condition
present at birth or may develop
during childhood.
Symptoms of Intellectual
Disability:
Persons with intellectual
disabilities often need help with
everyday activities.
They may have difficulty in
telling time, remembering
things, recognizing value of
things such as money, and/or
going to places may require a
supporting person
because of memory loss.
Psycho-social Disability
Psychosocial disability, in
general terms refers to the social
consequences and the
way that your life is impacted
due to the existence of a mental
illness.
Some examples include:
• Schizoid disorders such as
schizophrenia and
schizoaffective disorder
• Anxiety disorders such as
obsessive-compulsive disorder,
post-traumatic stress
disorder, agoraphobia and social
phobia
• Mood disorders such as major
and dysthymic depression and
bipolar
• Eating disorders such as
bulimia, anorexia, obesity
related conditions.
• Drugs and alcohol related
mental illness
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1

 developing mass health

promotion programmes;
 importing, financing and
distributing antiretroviral
medicines, condoms and
other materials;
 supporting innovative
approaches for different
therapies, for prevention, for
support of
People Living with AIDS
(PLWAs), etc;
 organizing safe blood
supplies;
 making difficult policy
decisions about
resource distribution;
integrating AIDS
programmes with others,
especially Family
Planning;
 monitoring other STDs,
especially with
high risk groups
(District) Health Centre Level
With Outpatient & Outreach
Services
Providing the following services
(and more) either directly or
through
supporting special projects:
testing for HIV status and
counselling;
Expanding a programme of anti-
retroviral therapy for HIV+
people; monitoring
adherence, managing side-
effects and pain;
Delivering HIV positive women
while preventing transmission to
baby;
monitoring and treating
opportunistic infections such as
T.B.;
H. Education/ BCC - in schools,
churches, among street kids;
directed at
husbands etc; promoting &
distributing condoms & correct
teaching of
proper condom use;
developing new educational
media – traditional,
theatre, comics; supplying sex
workers with condoms, advice,
work
alternatives;
Making accessible the treatment
for other STDs, especially for
high-risk groups
like returning migrant labourers
and sex workers;
Removing stigma and have
AIDS testing & counselling in
integrated clinics, not
STD clinics – and using fast &
precise tests;
Providing high quality
counselling and follow-up for
HIV+ people and PLWAs
Monitoring and treating
opportunistic infections such as
T.B.;supporting
PLWAs & families at home
with provision of materials such
as medicines,
Home Care Kits, food etc (see
Palliative care); meeting the
needs of orphans
and carers for physical,
psychological, spiritual support.
Village Level
Activities for Community
Health workers.
Expanding a programme of anti-
retroviral therapy for HIV+
people; monitoring
adherence, managing side
effects and pain;
identifying/treating
opportunistic
infections, educating on
prevention; distributing
condoms and proper teaching
of their correct use -reaching
couples where only one is
HIV+; sex workers;
reducing prejudice about
PLWAs; supporting PLWAs,
carers, families and orphans
at home; educating husbands,
especially migrant labourers, on
AIDS and other
STDs; supporting the dying –
see Palliative care, Chapter 7.
Activities for TBA:
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Company

 About Us
 StuDocu World University Ranking 2021
 Doing Good
 Academic Integrity
 Jobs
 Dutch Website
Contact & Help

 F.A.Q.
 Contact
Legal

 Terms
 Privacy Policy
 Cookie Statement
Social

 Facebook
 Twitter
 Instagram
 YouTube
 TikTok
 Blog