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Reg. No. :

Question Paper Code : 40836

B.E./B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATIONS, NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2021.

Fifth/Seventh Semester

Mechanical Engineering

ME 8595 — THERMAL ENGINEERING — II

[Common to Mechanical Engineering (Sandwich)]

(Regulations 2017)

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

Answer ALL questions.

PART A — (10  2 = 20 marks)

1. What is the function of divergent nozzle?

2. What are the major effects of friction in nozzle?

3. What are the disadvantages of solid fuels?

4. What is the significance of factor of evaporation in boilers?

5. How does pressure and velocity change as the flow proceeds though the runner
of the impulse turbine?

6. What is meant by diagram efficiency?

7. List the benefits of waste heat recovery.

8. Differentiate a recuperative heat exchanger from a regenerative heat

exchanger.

9. What is the basic working principle of vapour compression refrigeration cycle?

10. What is GSHF?

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PART B — (5 × 13 = 65 marks)

11. (a) (i) Explain various types of nozzles. (5)

(ii) Describe the flow of steam through nozzles and hence deduce the
expression for a critical pressure ratio. (8)

Or
(b) (i) Explain the supersaturated flow in nozzles and their effects. (5)
(ii) A convergent-divergent nozzle is required to discharge 350 kg of
steam per hour. The nozzle is supplied with steam at 8.5 bar and
90% dry and discharges against a back pressure of 0.4 bar.
Neglecting the effect of friction, find the throat and exit diameters.
(8)

12. (a) (i) Briefly explain the working of a water-tube boiler and list their
merits and demerits. (5)
(ii) Compare the boiler mountings with accessories and give one
examples for each. (4+4)

Or
(b) The following data was obtained in a steam boiler trial :
Feed water supplied per hour 690 kg at 28°C, steam produced 0.97 dry at
8 bar, coal fired per hour 91 kg of calorific value 27,200 kJ/kg, ash and
unburnt coal collected from beneath the fire bars 75 kg/hour of calorific
value 2760 kJ/kg, mass of flue gases per kg of coal burnt 173 kg,
temperature of flue gases 325°C, room temperature 17°C, and the specific
heat of the flue gases 1026 kJ/kg K.
Estimate the boiler efficiency, the percentage heat carried away by the
flue gases, the percentage heat loss in ashes, and the percentage heat
loss unaccounted for.

13. (a) (i) Mention the differences between Impulse and Reaction Turbines.
(5)
(ii) Derive the value of blade speed ratio for maximum efficiency of
impulse turbine. (8)

Or
(b) Describe the various methods of compounding with suitable diagrams.
(13)

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14. (a) (i) Explain the various sources of waste heat and their quality. (5)
(ii) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of various co-generation
systems. (8)

Or
(b) (i) Explain the functioning of heat pipes. (5)
(ii) Describe the working of Fixed Bed Regenerators and Rotary Bed
Regenerators. (8)

15. (a) A cold storage plant is required to store 20 tonnes of fish. The fish is
supplied at a temperature of 30C. The specific heat of fish above freezing
point is 2.93 kJ/kg K. The specific heat of fish below freezing point is
1.26 kJ/kg K. The fish is stored in colds storage which is maintained at
–8°C. The freezing point of fish is –4°C. The latent heat of fish is
235 kJ/kg. If the plant requires 75 kW to drive it.
Assume actual C.O.P. of the plant as 0.3 of the Carnot C.O.P.
(i) Find the capacity of the plant. (5)
(ii) Calculate the time taken to achieve cooling. (8)

Or
(b) (i) Explain the working of Thermoelectric cooling with its merits and
demerits. (5)
(ii) List different parts of a cooling tower and their function and hence
explain the working of natural and forced draught cooling towers.
(8)

PART C — (1 × 15 = 15 marks)

16. (a) Consider a Parson’s stage with a rotor (at mid-height of blades) diameter
of 1.2 m, operating at a speed of 3000 rpm, with the steam entry angle of
steam be 20°.
Steam enters the stator at 12 bar, 300C and an isentropic enthalpy drop
of 50 kJ/kg is chosen per row of blades. The isentropic efficiency of each
row is assumed as 0.84.
(i) Plot the process of expansion in the turbine on the h-s diagram and
find the pressure at the exit of stator and rotor. (8)
(ii) Draw the combined velocity triangles and label all the components
of the velocity and find the specific work delivered. (7)

Or

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(b) The following are the Cogeneration Gas turbine Parameters :

Capacity of gas turbine generator: 4000 kW
Plant operating hours per annum 8000 hrs.
Plant load factor : 90%
Heat rate as per standard given by gas.turbine supplier : 3049.77 kCal / kWh
Waste heat boiler parameters — unfired steam output: 10 TPH
Steam temperature :200°C
Steam pressure :8.5 kg /cm2.
Steam enthalpy :676.44 kCal / kg.
Fuel used : Natural gas
Calorific value — LCV :9500 kCal/ 5m3
Price of gas : Rs. 3000/1000 Sm3
Capital investment for total co-generation plant : Rs. 1300 Lakhs
Plant Load Factor (PLF) : 90%
Estimate the cost of fuel per annum and cost of power per kWh.(15)
Take 1 kCal = 4.2 kJ.

—————————

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*X10705* Reg. No. :

Question Paper Code : X10705

B.E./B.Tech. Degree EXAMINATIONS, NOVember/DECember 2020

Fifth/Seventh Semester
Mechanical Engineering
ME 8595 – thermal engineering – ii
(Regulations 2017)
(Common to Mechanical Engineering (Sandwich))

Time : Three Hours Maximum : 100 Marks

Answer all questions
(Use of steam tables, Refrigeration charts, psychrometric chart and mollier diagram is
permitted)
Part – A (10×2=20 Marks)

1. Define critical pressure ratio in steam nozzles.

2. What is degree of undercooling in nozzle ?

3. Distinguish between boiler mountings and accessories.

4. Classify the types of boiler according to circulation of gases and water respectively.

5. Define blade velocity coefficient in an impulse turbine.

6. What is the operating principle of a reaction turbine ?

7. Why regenerators are normally preferred for high pressure ratio gas turbine
cycle ?

8. Write the advantages of cogeneration system.

9. Define refrigeration and air conditioning.

10. What is the function of the throttling valve in vapour compression refrigeration
system ?

paRT – B (5×13=65 Marks)

11. a) Dry saturated steam at a pressure of 11 bar enters a steam nozzle and leaves
at a pressure of 2 bar. If the flow is adiabatic and frictionless, determine :
(i) the exit velocity of steam (ii) ratio of cross-section at exit and that at throat.
Assume the index of adiabatic expansion to be 1.135
(oR)

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X10705 -2- *X10705*

dA 1 dp 1 − M2 
b) Derive the following expression for nozzle flow : = where, the
A γ p  M2 
symbols having usual meanings.

12. a) How are boilers classified ? Explain the unique features of the high pressure
boilers.
(oR)
b) An oil fired package boiler was tested for 2 hours duration at steady state
condition. The fuel and water consumption were 250 litres and 3500 litres
respectively. The specific gravity of oil is 0.92. The saturated steam generation
pressure is 7 kg/cm2 (g). The boil feed water temperature is 30ºC. Determine
the boiler efficiency and evaporation ratio

13. a) In a single stage impulse turbine, nozzle angle is 20º and blade angles are
equal. The velocity coefficient for blade is 0.85. Find maximum blade efficiency
possible. If the actual blade efficiency is 92% of the maximum blade efficiency,
find the possible ratio of blade speed to steam speed.
(oR)
b) Explain various type of compounding in steam turbine.

14. a) With suitable circuit, explain the function wise differences between topping
and bottoming cycle
(oR)
b) Explain about Recuperative and Regenerative heat exchangers with neat
sketch.

15. a) The following data relates to the office air conditioning plant having maximum
seating capacity of 25 occupants :
Outside design conditions = 34ºC DBT, 28ºC WBT
Inside design conditions = 24ºC DBT, 50% RH
Solar heat gain = 9120 W
Latent heat gain per occupant = 105 W
Sensible heat gain per occupant = 90 W
Lightening load = 2300 W
Sensible heat load from other sources = 11630 W
Infiltration load = 14 m3/min
Assuming 40% fresh air and 60% of recirculated air passing through the
evaporator coil and the by-pass factor of 0.15. Estimate the capacity of the
plant and the dew point temperature of the coil.
(oR)
b) Explain any four psychometric processes with neat sketch.

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*X10705* -3- X10705

paRT – C (1×15=15 Marks)

16. a) A textile factory requires 10t/h of steam for process heating at 3 bar saturated
and 1000 kW of power, for which a back pressure turbine of 70% internal
efficiency is used. Find the steam condition required at inlet of the turbine.
(oR)
b) An air conditioned auditorium is to be maintained at 27ºC dry bulb temperature
and 60% relative humidity. The ambient condition is 40ºC dry bulb temperature
and 30ºC wet bulb temperature. The total sensible heat load is 100000 kj/h and
the total latent heat load is 40000 kj/h. 60% of the return air is recirculated
and mixed with 40% of make-up air after the cooling coil. The condition of air
leaving the cooling coil is at 18ºC.
Determine the following :
i) Room sensible heat factor
ii) The condition of air entering the auditorium
iii) The amount of make-up air
iv) Apparatus dew point
Show the processes on the psychrometric chart.

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