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    The Structure of The Atom: Before You Read

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    André Alvarado
    1. Early philosophers like Democritus proposed that all matter is made of tiny indivisible particles called atoms. However, Aristotle disagreed and said matter is made of earth, air, fire, and water. 2. In the early 1800s, John Dalton performed experiments on chemical reactions and developed the modern atomic theory. He concluded that atoms cannot be created, destroyed, or divided during chemical reactions. Atoms of different elements have different masses and properties. 3. Dalton's atomic theory helped explain chemical reactions by postulating that atoms separate, combine, and rearrange during reactions but are not created or destroyed. His conclusions were based on determining the mass ratios of elements involved in reactions.

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    The Structure of The Atom: Before You Read

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    André Alvarado
    54 views5 pages
    1. Early philosophers like Democritus proposed that all matter is made of tiny indivisible particles called atoms. However, Aristotle disagreed and said matter is made of earth, air, fire, and water. 2. In the early 1800s, John Dalton performed experiments on chemical reactions and developed the modern atomic theory. He concluded that atoms cannot be created, destroyed, or divided during chemical reactions. Atoms of different elements have different masses and properties. 3. Dalton's atomic theory helped explain chemical reactions by postulating that atoms separate, combine, and rearrange during reactions but are not created or destroyed. His conclusions were based on determining the mass ratios of elements involved in reactions.

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    1. Early philosophers like Democritus proposed that all matter is made of tiny indivisible particles called atoms. However, Aristotle disagreed and said matter is made of earth, air, fire, and water. 2. In the early 1800s, John Dalton performed experiments on chemical reactions and developed the modern atomic theory. He concluded that atoms cannot be created, destroyed, or divided during chemical reactions. Atoms of different elements have different masses and properties. 3. Dalton's atomic theory helped explain chemical reactions by postulating that atoms separate, combine, and rearrange during reactions but are not created or destroyed. His conclusions were based on determining the mass ratios of elements involved in reactions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    54 views5 pages

    The Structure of The Atom: Before You Read

    Uploaded by

    André Alvarado
    1. Early philosophers like Democritus proposed that all matter is made of tiny indivisible particles called atoms. However, Aristotle disagreed and said matter is made of earth, air, fire, and water. 2. In the early 1800s, John Dalton performed experiments on chemical reactions and developed the modern atomic theory. He concluded that atoms cannot be created, destroyed, or divided during chemical reactions. Atoms of different elements have different masses and properties. 3. Dalton's atomic theory helped explain chemical reactions by postulating that atoms separate, combine, and rearrange during reactions but are not created or destroyed. His conclusions were based on determining the mass ratios of elements involved in reactions.

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    17/09/2018

    Name ___________________________________________________________
    Pablo Alvarado Date ___________________

    The Structure of the Atom


    Before You Read

    Define the following terms.


    scientific law A generalized rule in which it is used to explain a body of
    observations. They are also known as natural laws in which they
    imply a set of cause and effect an must apply the same rule.

    An explanation of how a phenomenon works. A scientific theory


    theory does not turn into a scientific law. Is based on empirical data and
    are accepted by most scientists in an appropriate discipline.

    Are chemically the simplest substances and therefore cannot be


    element broken down using chemical reactions. They have the same
    amount of atomic number and same number of protons.

    A law that states that chemical compounds are formed of


    law of definite
    constant and defined ratios of elements as determined by mass.
    proportions Is also called Proust’s law or law of definite composition.

    Statement that when two multiple combine with each other to


    law of multiple
    form more than one compound, the weights of one element that
    proportions combine with a fixed weight of the other are in a ratio of small
    whole numbers.

    Describe three things that you already know about the atom.

    1. The atom is composed of three main parts: protons, neutrons and


    electrons.

    2. All matter is composed of atoms and they are they are extremely
    small.

    3. Smallest constituent unit of all composed matter.

    Chemistry: Matter and Change 43 Science Notebook


    Name ___________________________________________________________ Date ___________________

    The Structure of the Atom


    Before You Read

    Chemistry: Matter and Change 44 Science Notebook


    Name ___________________________________________________________ Date ___________________

    The Structure of the Atom


    Section 1 Early Ideas About Matter

    Scan Section 1 of your text. Use the checklist below as a guide.


     Read all section titles.
     Read all boldfaced words.
     Read all tables and graphs.
     Look at all pictures and read the captions.
     Think about what you already know about this subject.

    List three things you expect to learn about while reading the section.

    1. Difference between atom fussion and atom fission.

    2. How to calculate atomic masses with protons and electrons.

    3. Different atom structures in elements.

    Use your text to define each term.


    Dalton’s atomic theory
    He proposed that all matter was composed of atoms, indivisible
    and indestructible building blocks. Different elements had atoms
    of different sizes and mass. Compounds were composed of the
    combination of two atoms. Chemical reactions resulted in the
    rearrangement of reacting atoms.

    Chemistry: Matter and Change 45 Science Notebook


    Name ___________________________________________________________ Date ___________________

    The Structure of the Atom


    Section 1 Early Ideas About Matter

    Greek Summarize the effect that Aristotle had on the atomic theory proposed
    Philosophers by Democritus.
    Use with pages 102–103. Aristotle said that empty space cannot exist and that matter is
    made of Earth, fire, air, and water.

    List the main points of Dalton’s atomic theory.

    1. All matter is made of tiny pieces called atomos (atoms).

    John Dalton 2. Atoms cannot be divided, created or destroyed.


    Use with pages 104.
    3. Atoms come in different shapes and sizes depending on the matter and
    the element.

    4. Compounds are made by the union of two or more atoms.

    5. Chemical reactions resulted in the rearrangement of reacting atoms.

    Discuss Dalton’s ideas by completing the following paragraph.

    After years of studying chemical reactions, Dalton was able to accurately

    determine the mass ratios of the elements involved in the reactions. His

    conclusions resulted in the atomic theory, which helped to explain that atoms

    in chemical reactions separate, combine, or rearrange, but are not created,

    destroyed or combine.

    Chemistry: Matter and Change 46 Science Notebook


    Name ___________________________________________________________ Date ___________________

    The Structure of the Atom


    Section 1 Early Ideas About Matter

    Compare and Different atoms combine in X


    contrast the atomic whole-number ratios to form
    theories of Democritus compounds.
    and Dalton. Mark an X
    The properties of atoms vary X
    under each name if a
    based on shape, size, and
    statement in the table
    movement.
    applies to that person’s
    theory. Different kinds of atoms come in X
    different sizes and shapes.
    Statement
    All matter is made of tiny pieces.
    Matter is made of empty space
    through which atoms move.
    Atoms cannot be divided.
    Atoms cannot be created.
    Atoms cannot be destroyed.

    REAL-WORLD CONNECTION
    The experiments of the alchemists revealed the properties of some metals and provided the foundation for the
    science of chemistry. Although not successful, alchemy proved beneficial to science. Explain how this example
    can be applied to modern research.

    Even though experiment results are not as expected, you learn from your mistakes and
    information and knowledge add to our body and provide useful information for later
    researchers and scientists.

    Chemistry: Matter and Change 47 Science Notebook

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