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    Chapter 1 Notes

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    dean
    This chapter introduces key concepts in the study of psychological disorders. It defines a psychological disorder as a psychological dysfunction associated with distress or impaired functioning that is atypical or not culturally expected. Abnormalities involve breakdowns in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning that cause personal distress. The scientific study of psychological disorders is called psychopathology. Scientists in this field clinically describe disorders, study their causation and etiology, and examine treatment and outcomes. Historical conceptions of abnormal behavior include supernatural, biological, and psychological models to explain the influences on behavior, thinking, and emotions.

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    Chapter 1 Notes

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    dean
    99 views2 pages
    This chapter introduces key concepts in the study of psychological disorders. It defines a psychological disorder as a psychological dysfunction associated with distress or impaired functioning that is atypical or not culturally expected. Abnormalities involve breakdowns in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning that cause personal distress. The scientific study of psychological disorders is called psychopathology. Scientists in this field clinically describe disorders, study their causation and etiology, and examine treatment and outcomes. Historical conceptions of abnormal behavior include supernatural, biological, and psychological models to explain the influences on behavior, thinking, and emotions.

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    This chapter introduces key concepts in the study of psychological disorders. It defines a psychological disorder as a psychological dysfunction associated with distress or impaired functioning that is atypical or not culturally expected. Abnormalities involve breakdowns in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning that cause personal distress. The scientific study of psychological disorders is called psychopathology. Scientists in this field clinically describe disorders, study their causation and etiology, and examine treatment and outcomes. Historical conceptions of abnormal behavior include supernatural, biological, and psychological models to explain the influences on behavior, thinking, and emotions.

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    99 views2 pages

    Chapter 1 Notes

    Uploaded by

    dean
    This chapter introduces key concepts in the study of psychological disorders. It defines a psychological disorder as a psychological dysfunction associated with distress or impaired functioning that is atypical or not culturally expected. Abnormalities involve breakdowns in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning that cause personal distress. The scientific study of psychological disorders is called psychopathology. Scientists in this field clinically describe disorders, study their causation and etiology, and examine treatment and outcomes. Historical conceptions of abnormal behavior include supernatural, biological, and psychological models to explain the influences on behavior, thinking, and emotions.

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    Chapter 1

    Psychological disorder: psychological dysfunction within an individual associated with distress or


    impairment in functioning and a response that is not typical or culturally expected

    Abnormalities:

    Psychological dysfunction
    - Breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioural functioning
    Personal Distress
    - an aversive, self-focused emotional reaction (e.g., anxiety, worry, discomfort) 
    Atypical or Not Culturally Expected
    - could be abnormal because it is infrequent, violating social norms

    - it is difficult to define “normal” and “abnormal”


    - widely accepted definition:
    o describes behavioral, psychological, or biological dysfunctions that are unexpected in
    their cultural context and associated with present distress and impairment in functioning,
    or increased risk of suffering, death, pain, or impairment

    The Science of Psychopathology


    Psychopathology: the scientific study of psychological disorders
    Scientist- practitioners: mental health professionals

    Studying psychological disorders


    - clinical description
    - causation (etiology)
    - treatment and outcome

    Presenting problem: indicating why the person has come to the clinic
    Clinical description: represents the unique combination of behaviours, thought and feelings that make up
    a specific disorder
    - clinical refers to the types of problems or disorders that you would find in a clinic or hospital and
    to the activities connected with assessment and treatment
    - specify what makes the disorder different from normal behaviour or from other disorders
    prevalence: how many people in the population as a whole half the disorder?
    Incidence: how many new cases occur during a given period
    Course: constant, episodic, time-limited ( will improve in short period)
    - acute onset: begin suddenly, insidious onset: extended period
    - prognosis: anticipated course of the disorder
    developmental psychology: study of changes in behaviour over time

    developmental psychopathology: changes in abnormal behaviour

    Etiology
    - the study of origins
    - if a new drug or psychosocial treatment is successful in treating a disorder, it may give us some
    hints about the nature of the disorder and its causes

    1
    Chapter 1
    Historical Conceptions of Abnormal Behaviour
    - supposed that agents outside our bodies and environment influence our behaviour, thinking and
    emotions
    - three models; supernatural, biological and psychological
    - the supernatural tradition: abnormal behavior is attributed to agents outside our bodies or social
    environment, such as demons, spirits, or the influence of the moon and stars;
    - In the biological tradition, disorders are attributed to disease or bio- chemical imbalances
    - psychological tradition, abnormal behavior is attributed to faulty psychological development and
    to social context.

    2
    Chapter 1

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