Lect-2 Kidneys (RAAS Micturition) PDF

The Urinary System
wk11 Lec2
Previous lecture-
Renal corpuscle
Three steps of urine formation
This lecture’s learning objectives:
• Urine formation (basic mechanism)
• Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)- class
activity
• Micturition reflex
Lecture zoom link: https://usp-
fj.zoom.us/j/83534194179?pwd=bEZmUmdCZHQ3WlBHWmVhd2wvUWVkQT09
zoom passcode if prompted: @CZ@!#5hy BA
Short test-2 (7.5%cw)
All students (F/F & Remote mode)
• Will be conducted in wk13 (18th May) during

Thursday lecture time (4.0pm Fiji time)
• Course coverage & format of the test paper will be

provided in next week lectures (Wednesday &
Thursday)
• Start revising course materials (lectures,
tutorials & labs)
• Write your questions Moodle Discussion Forum
Remote mode students- OLab-6 (Hematology-2)

Moodle drop box is available to submit lab report.
Step-2 Reabsorption
Reabsorption of sodium
3 sites of tubules for different specific purposes-
 PCT- uncontrolled & facilitate glucose, amino
acids, water and urea absorption
 Limb of Henle- help maintain vertical
incremental gradient for dilute or concentrated
urine formation
 Collecting Tubules- Fine control on sodium
reabsorption by Renin- Angiotensin-
Aldosterone System (RAAS) for long-term BP
regulation
–next slide
Low NaCl / Negative feedback
Low ECF volume /
Low Arterial BP
RAAS
H2O CLASS
Adrenal conserved
Liver Kidney Lungs
cortex
Kidney ACTIVITY
Integrated
NaCI osmotically approach of
hold more H2O in
ECF different
body
Na+ (and CI–)
organs to
Angiotensin- conserved maintain BP
converting by
Renin enzyme
Na+ reabsorption
conserving
by kidney tubules NaCl &
Angiotensinogen Angiotensin I Angiotensin II Aldosterone ( CI– reabsorption water
follows passively)
Diuretics-
Vasopressin Thirst Arteriolar
From post pituitary in hypothalamus block Na+
Vasoconstriction
(blood vessels) absorption
More
More H2O reabsorption Fluid intake
so more
by kidney tubules water loss
in urine
For practice this in class activity
Micturition
Urine stored (1ml/min) in urinary bladder is eliminated
by micturition
Micturition reflex (studied in NS-1)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4k2kLVRTd0 (watch thus video)
• Collection & filling of urine in bladder stimulates stretch
receptors for conscious desire of voiding urine.
• Activated stretch receptors signal bladder wall smooth
muscles & sphincter muscles through parasympathetic
neurons from spinal cord micturition center.
• Contraction of bladder pushes urine out of the body
• Relaxation of external urethral sphincter muscles
allowing urine to pass through urethra and out of the
body
• Under voluntary control but cannot be delayed
indefinitely
Micturition Reflex Loop
Bladder fills Cerebral cortex
(higher voluntary center) V
M R
o
l
I e Stretch receptors
u
C f
n
l
T t
e Parasympathetic Motor neuron to
Nerve (thr’ spinal cord) a
U x external sphincter
r
R c
y
Urinary bladder External urethral
I o sphincter opens
c
T n when motor neuron
Bladder smooth is inhibited o
t
I Muscles contract n
r
t
O o
Internal urethral r
l External urethral
N sphincter
mechanically
sphincter remains o
opens when bladder closed when motor l
neuron is stimulated
contracts • Develops
Infant & other
at 2-4yrs
animals bladder
fill in • Can not be
automatically delayed
Urination No urination indefinitely
empty
Online Quiz:
1) One-word/phrase answer questions
 The hormone released from adrenal gland in response to the

action of angoitensin-I in RAAS. : ________________
(ans: ALDOSTERONE)
 A clear fluid separated after clotting of blood. : ________________

(ans: SERUM)
2) Which of the following blood components is NOT correctly matched

with its function?
Blood components Function
A Erythrocytes Oxygen and Carbon dioxide transport
B Thormbocytes Blood coagulation
C Lymphocytes Synthesis of antibodies
D Fibrinogen Formation of blood clot
E Neutrophils Phagocytosis of microorganisms
G All of the above
H None of the above
(ans: G; all of the above are correctly matched)
:Chapter summary:
• Structures and functions of urinary system-

nephron, renal corpuscle
• Urine formation- filtration, reabsorption and

secretion
• Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS)

for long- term BP regulation
• Micturition reflex (voiding of urine)

Week 12
Lecture- Digestive Physiology (New chapter)
Lab: No new lab but submit your completed lab-8

report on CNS. Extra-tutorial sessions will be
conducted during these lab classes. Attendance is
compulsory. Refer Moodle announcement for details.
Remote mode students- OLab-6 (Hematology-2)

Moodle drop box is available to lab report submission.
Tutorial: Tut-11 question sheet will be posted on
Moodle
Students are encouraged to

• complete major assignment write up
• start revising course materials
• post questions in Moodle discussion forum (open till 2nd
June 2023)

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The Urinary System

• Will be conducted in wk13 (18th May) during

• Course coverage & format of the test paper will be

Remote mode students- OLab-6 (Hematology-2)

 The hormone released from adrenal gland in response to the

 A clear fluid separated after clotting of blood. : ________________

2) Which of the following blood components is NOT correctly matched

• Structures and functions of urinary system-

• Urine formation- filtration, reabsorption and

• Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS)

• Micturition reflex (voiding of urine)

Lab: No new lab but submit your completed lab-8

Remote mode students- OLab-6 (Hematology-2)

Students are encouraged to

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