Ece Unit 4 LCD PDF

What is LCD 16X2 : Pin Configuration & Its Working
In LCD 16×2, the term LCD stands for Liquid Crystal Display that uses a
plane panel display technology, used in screens of computer monitors &
TVs, smartphones, tablets, mobile devices, etc. Both the displays like LCD
& CRTs look the same but their operation is different. Instead of electrons
diffraction at a glass display, a liquid crystal display has a backlight that
provides light to each pixel that is arranged in a rectangular network.
Every pixel includes a blue, red, green sub-pixel that can be switched
ON/OFF. Once all these pixels are deactivated, then it will appear black
and when all the sub-pixels are activated then it will appear white. By
changing the levels of each light, different color combinations are
achievable. This article discusses an overview of LCD 16X2 & its working
with applications.
What is LCD 16X2?
An electronic device that is used to display data and the message is known
as LCD 16×2. As the name suggests, it includes 16 Columns & 2 Rows so
it can display 32 characters (16×2=32) in total & every character will be
made with 5×8 (40) Pixel Dots. So the total pixels within this LCD can be
calculated as 32 x 40 otherwise 1280 pixels.
LCD 16 X2
16 X2 displays mostly depend on multi-segment LEDs. There are different

types of displays available in the market with different combinations such
as 8×2, 8×1, 16×1, and 10×2, however, the LCD 16×2 is broadly used in
devices, DIY circuits, electronic projects due to less cost, programmable
friendly & simple to access.
Specifications of LCD 16X2
The specifications of LCD 16X2 are discussed below.
 The operating voltage of this display ranges from 4.7V to 5.3V

 The display bezel is 72 x 25mm
 The operating current is 1mA without a backlight
 PCB size of the module is 80L x 36W x 10H mm
 HD47780 controller
 LED color for backlight is green or blue
 Number of columns – 16
 Number of rows – 2
 Number of LCD pins – 16
 Characters – 32
 It works in 4-bit and 8-bit modes
 Pixel box of each character is 5×8 pixel
 Font size of character is 0.125Width x 0.200height
LCD 16X2 Pin Configuration
The pin configuration of LCD 16 X 2 is discussed below so that LCD

16×2 connection can be done easily with external devices.
16X2 LCD Pin Diagram
 Pin1 (Ground): This pin connects the ground terminal.

 Pin2 (+5 Volt): This pin provides a +5V supply to the LCD
 Pin3 (VE): This pin selects the contrast of the LCD.
 Pin4 (Register Select): This pin is used to connect a data pin of an
MCU & gets either 1 or 0. Here, data mode = 0 and command mode
=1.
 Pin5 (Read & Write): This pin is used to read/write data.
 Pin6 (Enable): This enables the pin must be high to perform the
Read/Write procedure. This pin is connected to the data pin of the
microcontroller to be held high constantly.
 Pin7 (Data Pin): The data pins are from 0-7 which are connected
through the microcontroller for data transmission. The LCD module
can also work on the 4-bit mode through working on pins 1, 2, 3 &
other pins are free.
 Pin8 – Data Pin 1
 Pin15 (LED Positive): This is a +Ve terminal of the backlight LED of
the display & it is connected to +5V to activate the LED backlight.
 Pin16 (LED Negative): This is a -Ve terminal of a backlight LED of the
display & it is connected to the GND terminal to activate the LED
backlight.
LCD 16X2 Commands
The LCD 16×2 commands are discussed below.
 HexCode 1: This command will remove data displaying on the screen

of LCD.
 HexCode 2: It used to move return home.
 HexCode 4: It is used to modify a cursor location to the left side.
 HexCode 6: It is used to change the cursor location to the right side.
 HexCode 5: It is used to shift the display to right.
 HexCode 7: It used to shift the display to left.
 HexCode 8: It is used to turn off the display & the cursor will be
turned off.
 HexCode 0A: It is used to turn ON the cursor &turn off the display
 HexCode 0C: It is used to turn OFF the cursor & turn oON the display
 HexCode 0E: It is used to turn ON the display & blink the cursor.
 HexCode 0F: It is used to turn ON display & blink the cursor
 HexCode 10: It changes the cursor location to left.
 HexCode 14: It changes the cursor location to right.
 HexCode 18: It changes the display location to the left side.
 HexCode 1C: It changes the display location to the right side.
 HexCode 80: It is used to shift the cursor to the primary line.
 HexCode C0: It moves the cursor to the beginning of the next line
 HexCode 38: 2- lines & 5×7 matrix
Working Principle
The basic working principle of LCD is passing the light from layer to layer
through modules. These modules will vibrate & line up their position on
90o that permits the polarized sheet to allow the light to pass through it.
. These molecules are accountable for viewing the data on every pixel.
Every pixel utilizes the method of absorbing light to illustrate the digit. To
display the value, the position of molecules must be changed to the angle
of light.
So this light deflection will make the human eye notice the data that will be
the ingredient wherever the light gets absorbed. Here, this data will supply
to the molecules & will be there till they get changed
At present, LCDs are used frequently in CD/DVD players, digital watches,
computers, etc. In screen industries, LCDs have replaced the CRTs
(Cathode Ray Tubes) because these displays use more power as
compared to LCD, heavier & larger.
The displays of LCDs are thinner as compared to CRTs. As compared to

LED screens, LCD has less power consumption because it functions on the
fundamental principle of blocking light instead of dissipating.
Registers of LCD
The registers used in LCD are two types like data register & command
register. The register can be changed by using the RS pinout. If we set ‘0’
then it is command register and if it is ‘1’ then it is data register
Command Register
The main function of the command register is to save instructions illustrated
on LCD. That assists in data clearing & changes the cursor location &
controls the display.
Data Register
The data register is used to save the date to exhibit on the LCD. Once we
transmit data to LCD, then it shifts to the data register to process the data.
If we fix the register value at one that the data register will start working.

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What is LCD 16X2 : Pin Configuration & Its Working

What is LCD 16X2?

16 X2 displays mostly depend on multi-segment LEDs. There are different

The specifications of LCD 16X2 are discussed below.

 The operating voltage of this display ranges from 4.7V to 5.3V

LCD 16X2 Pin Configuration

The pin configuration of LCD 16 X 2 is discussed below so that LCD

16X2 LCD Pin Diagram

 Pin1 (Ground): This pin connects the ground terminal.

LCD 16X2 Commands

The LCD 16×2 commands are discussed below.

 HexCode 1: This command will remove data displaying on the screen

The displays of LCDs are thinner as compared to CRTs. As compared to

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