J.

REGULATORY CONTROL FUNCTION

J REGULATORY CONTROL FUNCTION

The regulatory control function performs control computation processing using analog
process values for process monitor and process control. The function blocks that provide the
regulatory control function are referred as “regulatory control blocks.”
The regulatory control blocks support the following types of processing: input
processing, control computation processing, output processing and alarm process-ing.

This chapter explains the function of the regulatory control block in detail.

The figure below shows a function block diagram of a general regulatory control block:

The regulatory control blocks have the following four processing functions:

Input Processing
Receives a signal from the input terminal and outputs a process variable (PV).

Control Computation Processing

Performs control computation processing by reading the process variable (PV)and outputs
a manipulated output value (MV).

Output Processing
Reads the manipulated output value (MV)and outputs the result of control computation
processing to the output terminal as an output signal.

Alarm Processing
Detects an abnormality in the process variable (PV)or manipulated output value (MV)and
notifies the operation and monitoring functions.

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J1 Functi on Bl ock Processi ng Functi ons

Upon creation of the function block, some of the processing function parameters are specified
in different panels.

1. Tuning Panel
Some of the parameters of the processing function can be specified in the tuning
panel of the function block, for example, SV, MV, alarm settings and tuning
parameters. It also depends on the security level of the individual blocks.

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2. Function Block Properties

In the control drawing builder, highlight the function block and right click on
[Properties] to display the following window that allows further function parameters to
be specified.

3. Function Block Detail Specifications

In the control drawing builder, highlight the function block and click on
The detail specification window appears for more properties of the function block to
be specified. Notice that the different tab headings contains the different
specifications.

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J2 Detai l Speci fi cati ons of PID Bl ock

Different function blocks have different item specifications. For training purpose, we
will use a common function block – PID as a reference for our explanation of the
individual parameters.

J2.1 BASIC

Tag Comment
An explanatory description for each function block can be defined with up to 24
single-byte characters or 12 double-byte characters.

Lvl (Security Levels)

Specify the security level for the function block. The security level can be selected
from 1 to 8.

Scan Period
Scan period determines a period for the periodic execution of the function block.
There are three types of scan periods: basic scan, medium-speed scan (*1) and
high-speed scan.

. Basic Scan
The basic scan is a standard scan period which is common to function blocks.
The basic scan period is fixed to 1 second. This cannot be changed.
Medium-Speed Scan : KFCS/LFCS
Select “200 ms” or “500 ms.” The default is “500 ms.”
High-Speed Scan
High-speed scan period: Select “50 ms,” “100 ms,” “200 ms” or “500 ms.”
The default is “200 ms.”

Open/Close Mark
This mark indicates the open/close status of a device in response to manipulated
output.
“OPN ” indicates the open status and “CLS ” indicates the close status.

Input Signal Conversion

There are five kinds of common input signal conversion for the Regulatory
Control Blocks and Calculation Blocks.
In addition, there are input signal conversion methods specific to particular
function blocks.
Select from “No Conversion,” “Square Root,” “Pulse-train,” “Control Priority Type
Pulse Train Input,” “Exact Totalization Pulse Train Input” and “Communications.”
The default setting is “No Conversion.”

Totalizer Time Unit

The following is the computational expression for the integration:

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The totalizer time unit must be set in the same unit as the measurement value
(PV).
Up to 8 digits for integrator value can be used.
Engineering unit is used.

Control Action
The control action direction function switches between direct action and reverse
action that reflect the increase or decrease of manipulated output value.
• Direct action
The control action in which the manipulated output value (MV)increases as the
process variable (PV)increases, or decreases as the process variable decreases.
• Reverse action
The control action in which the manipulated output value (MV)decreases as the
process variable (PV)increases, or increases as the process variable decreases.

Measurement Tracking
The process variable tracking function prevent the abrupt changes in the
manipulated output value (MV)when change from the manual (MAN)mode to
automatic (AUT)mode, by forcing the setpoint value (SV)to agree with the
process variable (PV).

When switching from the manual (MAN)mode to automatic (AUT)mode,the

existence of a large deviation is harmful, since it makes the manipulated output
change (MV) very large.
If force the setpoint value (SV)to agree with the process variable (PV)in manual
mode operation via process variable tracking,nabrupt Control Action can be
avoided when the mode switches to automatic (AUT).

Output Signal Conversion

This process converts the result of calculation process into an output format for
the output modules or other function blocks.
Here is the outline of the output signal conversion processes that are common to
the Regulatory Control Blocks:
No-Conversion Output
The manipulated output value (MV) resulted from the control-calculation
process is No-Conversion output.
Pulse Width Output Conversion
The changes of manipulated output value (_MV) is output after converted into
a pulse width signal.
Communication Output Conversion
The manipulated output value (MV) resulted from the control-calculation
process is converted into the format compatible with the destination
subsystem.
Tight-Shut and Full-Open Function
The Tight-shut function fully close an operation valve and the Full-open function
fully open it when a manipulated output value (MV) is 0% or 100 %.
• Fully-open/Tightly shut:
Choose “Yes” or “No.”
The default setting is “Yes.”
• Output Value for tight-shut (Ms): The actual output value for tight-shut.
Setting range is -17.19 to 117.19 % (5 significant figures).

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Default is -17.19 % for direct output setting, and -6.25 % for reverse output
setting.
• Output Value for full-open (Mf): The actual output value for full-open.
Setting range is -17.19 to 117.19 % (5 significant figures).
Default is 106.25 % for direct output setting, and 117.19 % for reverse output
setting.

J2.2 TAG

Tag Mark
This mark indicates the tag priority level of the displayed function block.
The table below shows the relationship between tag marks and tag priority levels:

The user can specify whether the priority for each tag mark should be
acknowledged or not.

Status Change Message Bypass

When function blocks such as sequence control blocks change block mode, the
event recording function sends the status change message from FCS to HIS to
inform the operator.
• Status Change Message Bypass:
Select “Yes” or “No.”
The default is “No.”
In case of the sequence table block (ST16), the default is “Yes.”
When status change message is set as Bypass, the message of status change is
not recorded in the historical message file in HIS.
When the status change is performed manually on HIS, the status change
message will all be recorded in the historical message file in HIS regardless the
setting of bypass.

Upper Window
An upper window can be specified for each function block and connection I/O in
the System Builders beforehand.The specified upper window can be called up by
pushing the graphic button or the upper graphic key while the function block is
selected.

Help
The user-definable help dialog messages are treated as dialog names that may
be specified as HW0001 to HW9999.

MV Display On Faceplate
The manipulated output value (MV)may be displayed in percentage (%)or real
amount. The real amount display is the same way as process variable (PV)and
setpoint value (SV) that reflects the amount in a specific engineering unit. When
displayed in percentage (%), the MV is converted into percentage and displayed
in %MV. When %display is defined,the following parameters are displayed in
percentage (%).
MV,OPHI,OPLO,MH,PMV

CAS Mark
This mark indicates that the function block displayed on the instrument faceplate
may be set to cascade mode.

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However, the definition may be set AUTO to let system decide according to
function block ’s real connection.
Kind of CAS Mark
When connecting terminals between an FCS and an APCS, it is possible to use
an APCS mark that indicates a function block on the FCS side receiving output
from the APCS.

CMP Mark
This mark indicates that the block mode of the function block displayed on the
instrument faceplate is RCAS (remote cascade)or ROUT (remote output).

Scale Reverse Display (Scale Low/High Limit)

The scale high limit (SH)and scale low limit (SL)of engineering unit data, up to 7
digits including a sign and a decimal point, can be set. Default values are
“100.00 ” for SH and “0.0 ” for SL. Up to nine digits can be specified for a batch
set block. When the reverse scale display is specified, the low limit is displayed
at the top of the scale and the high limit at the bottom of the scale.

MV Reverse Display
In the standard display of a function block faceplate, the high limit displays at the
top and the low limit displays at the bottom. MV reverse-display will display
upside-down. In this case, the pointer of manipulated output value (MV)behaves
oppositely in accordance to the digital value of parameters.
This designation only changes the display of function block ’s faceplate and does
not relate to the actual output value.

Index
This function displays indexes that show the permissible range of the manually
manipulated values at the normal operation.
The manipulated output index is only available for Regulatory Control
Blocks.
This function displays two indexes in the manipulated output value (MV) scale on
the operation monitoring window of the operation and monitoring function. These
are called the manipulated output indexes.
They can be used as manipulation guides in the manual mode, or as guides for
verifying normal status in the automatic mode.

Scale – division
The scale divisions may be specified as 1,2,3,4,5,7 divisions. Auto-division may
be used.

Upper Equipment Name

The upper equipment name refers to the name of the equipment object located in
the next upper layer of an equipment object in a plant hierarchy.
Only custom equipment names can be specified as the upper equipment name.

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J2.3 INPUT

Process Variable Range

The engineering unit and scale range of raw input signals (RAW) input to an IN
terminal agree with the engineering unit and scale range of data at the connected
destination of the IN terminal. A raw input signal turns into a process variable
(PV) after input processing.
High and low limits :
Numerical values of seven digits or less, where the sign or decimal point
takes one digit each.
The default is “100.0 ” for the upper limit and “0.0 ” for the lower limit.

Engineering Unit Symbol

The engineering unit symbol is a unit symbol attached to a data value.
Up to 256 engineering unit symbols can be used for one project.
One engineering unit symbol can be defined with up to six alphanumeric
characters or three double-byte characters.

Input Signal Filtering

The digital filter is a function in which the input signal is processed by the first-
order lag filter in order to reduce input signal noise.
In the Regulatory Control Blocks, the filtering process is executed for input signal
(main input signal) read from the IN terminal only, following input signal
conversion.
The following is the computational expression for the digital filter:

There are three kinds of digital filter coefficients.

• Digital Filter Coefficient 1: 0 to 1.00 (0.01 unit)
• Digital Filter Coefficient 2: 0 to 1.00 (0.01 unit)
• Digital Filter Coefficient 3: 0 to 1.00 (0.001 unit)

PV Overshoot
Select “Overshoot PV” or “Holding PV.”
The default setting is “Holding PV.”
When the data status of input signal becomes invalid (BAD), the PV overshoot
function overshoots the process variable (PV), or upscales it to scale high-limit or
downscales it to scale low-limit.
The PV overshoot is supported only for the Regulatory Control Blocks.
Since the PV overshoot is for process input signal, it is executed when the I/O
connection type is process I/O.
The following table shows the relationship between the cause for invalidity (BAD)
and process variable (PV) when the PV overshoot is used.

With “Holding PV,” when the data status of process variable (PV) becomes invalid,
the last good process variable is held.

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J2.4 ALARM

Alarm level
Designating an alarm processing level to a function block or an element, the
alarms from the function block or the element will have the designated priority
and display the designated color.
The definitions for level 1 to level 4 are fixed for a whole system.
The alarm priority defined for the first 4 levels of alarm processing are:
• Level1
All alarms initiated from the function block or the element are “High-priority
alarms.”
• Level2
All alarms initiated from the function block or the element are “Medium-priority
alarms.”
• Level3
All alarms initiated from the function block or the element are “Low-priority
alarms.”
• Level4
All alarms initiated from the function block or the element are “Logging
alarms.”
The alarm priorities and colors for level 5 to level 16 can be defined by users.

Input Open Alarm

The input open alarm check may generate an alarm to indicate that the input
signal is in high limit or low limit input open alarming status (IOP, IOP-).
The high and low limit input open alarm (IOP, IOP-) indicates that a failure such
as severed wires in the detection terminal or transmitter has occurred.
The Input open alarm check is performed by the I/O module.
The types of input open alarm checks are listed below.
• Both input open alarms enabled
• High limit open alarms enabled
• Low limit input open alarms enabled
• Input open alarms disabled
The default setting is “both input open alarms enabled.”

PV High-High/Low-Low Limit Alarm

The input high-high and low-low limit alarm check is a function that determines
whether the input process variable (PV) is out of the range of the high-high and
low-low limit alarm setpoint value (HH, LL). The types of the high-high and low-
low limit alarm checks are listed below.
• Both high-high and low-low limit alarm
• High-high limit only
• Low-low limit only
• No alarm
The default is to check both the high-high and low-low limit alarms.

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If the input process variable (PV) exceeds the high-high limit alarm setpoint value,
the high-high limit alarm (HH) is activated. When in alarm state, if the process
variable (PV) becomes smaller than the value obtained by subtracting the alarm
hysteresis value (HYS) from the high-high limit alarm setpoint value (HH), the
system recovers from the high-high limit alarm.

Similarly, when the process variable is below the low-low limit alarm setpoint
value (LL), the low-low limit alarm (LL) is activated. When in alarm state, if the
process variable (PV) becomes greater than the value obtained by adding the
alarm hysteresis value (HYS) to the low-low limit alarm setpoint value (LL), the
system recovers from the low-low limit alarm.

PV High/Low Limit Alarm

The input high and low limit alarm check is a function that determines whether the
process variable (PV) is within the range of the high and low limit alarm setpoint
values (PH, PL). The types of input high and low limit alarm check are listed
below.
• Both high and low limit alarms
• High limit only
• Low limit only
• No alarm
The default is set as “both high and low limit alarms”.

If the process variable (PV) exceeds the high limit setpoint value, the high limit
alarm (HI) is activated. When in alarming state, if the process variable (PV)
becomes smaller than the value obtained by subtracting the alarm hysteresis
value (HYS) from the high limit alarm setpoint value (PH), the system recovers
from the high limit alarming state.

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Similarly, when the process variable (PV) is below the low limit alarm setpoint
value (PL), the low limit alarm (LO) is activated. If the process variable (PV)
becomes greater than the value obtained by adding the alarm hysteresis
value (HYS) to the low limit alarm setpoint value (PL), the system recovers from
the low limit alarming state.

Hysteresis
The alarm recovery point above or below the low/low-low or high/high-high limit.
Engineering unit data within the range of 0 to PV scale span, or percentage data
for the PV scale span. When specifying percentage data, add % after the
numeric value. The default is 2.0 %.

Input Velocity Limit Alarm

The input velocity alarm check is a function that determines whether the changes
in the process variable (PV) over a specified time exceed the velocity alarm
setpoint value (VL).
The following types of input velocity alarm checks are available.
• Detection of both directions:
Monitors velocity in both directions, positive and negative
• Detection of single direction:
Monitors velocity only in positive direction or negative direction
• No Detection:
Detection is not conducted
The default is “detection of both directions.”

The value of sampling time interval

(T) is calculated using the set
sampling interval (Tp) and the scan
period of the function block (Ts).

When it is determined that the changes in the process variable (PV) over a
specified time exceed the velocity alarm setpoint value (VL), the velocity alarm in
the positive direction (VEL+) is activated if the changes are in the increasing
direction. Similarly, if the changes are in the decreasing direction, the velocity
alarm in the negative direction is activated (VEL-).
The system will recover from the alarm status if the change in the process
variable (PV) falls into the range in which the alarm hysteresis value (HYS) is
subtracted from the velocity alarm setpoint value during the alarm status.

The input velocity alarm indicates abrupt changes in the process condition and
abnormalities in the detectors or the transmitters.

Number of Samples (N)

1 to 12 points
The default setting is 1 point

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Sampling Interval (Tp)

1 to 10,000
Unit is scan interval
The default setting is 1

Hysteresis
Engineering unit data within the range of 0 to PV scale span, or percentage data
for the PV scale span. When specifying percentage data, add % after the numeric
value. The default is 2.0 %.

Deviation Alarm
The deviation alarm check is a function that determines whether the absolute
value of the deviation (DV=PV-SV) between the process variable (PV) and the
setpoint value (SV) exceeds the absolute value of the deviation alarm setpoint
value (DL).
The types of deviation alarm checks are listed below.
• Detection of both directions:
Monitors deviation in both directions
• Detection of single direction:
Monitors deviation in only one direction, positive or negative
• No detection:
Detection is not conducted
The default is “detect both directions.”

Deviation Check Filter

To prevent occurrence of the undesired alarm caused by abrupt set value change
or set value ramp, the velocity change speed (derivative value) of the setpoint
value (SV) is used as the deviation alarm setpoint value correction factor (r) to
compensate the deviation alarm setpoint value (DL). The compensated deviation
alarm setpoint value (DLe) is the value that adding the deviation alarm setpoint
value correction factor (r) to the deviation alarm setpoint value (DL).

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DV Check Filter Gain

0.000 to 10.000
Default is 0.

DV Check Filter Time Constant

0 to 10,000 seconds
Default is 0.

For more detailed information, please refer to Function Block Details

(IM 33S01B30-01E) Page 146 – 149.

Hysteresis
Engineering unit data within the range of 0 to PV scale span, or percentage data
for the PV scale span. When specifying percentage data, add % after the
numeric value. The default is 1.0 %.

Output Open Alarm

The output open alarm check may generate an alarm to indicate that the output is
open (OOP).

Choose from “Yes” or “No”

Default is “Yes.”

The output open alarm check is a function that determines the data status
received from the I/O module.
This alarm indicates that the control output line has been physically severed.
The output open alarm is activated only in the function block that is directly
connected to the I/O module.

Output High/Low Limit Alarm

The output high and low limit alarm check is a function that determines whether
the manipulated output value (MV) exceeds the range of the manipulated output
variable high-limit/low-limit setpoint (MH, ML) for the output limiter.
The types of output high and low limit alarm checks are listed below.
• Both high and low limit alarms: Output high and low limit alarm check
enabled
• High-limit alarm only: Output high-limit alarm check enabled
• Low-limit alarm only: Output low-limit alarm check enabled
• Alarms disabled: No alarm checking
The default is set as “high and low limit alarms.”

Hysteresis
Engineering unit data within the range of 0 to PV scale span, or percentage data
for the PV scale span. When specifying percentage data, add % after the
numeric value. Default is 2.0 %.

Bad Connection Alarm

Bad connection status alarm check may generate an alarm to indicate that the

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connection is bad (CNF).

The bad connection status alarm check is a function that determines whether
there is a faulty connection to the function block or data at the I/O connection
destination.

Choose from “Yes” or “No”

Default is “Yes.”

The bad connection is judged as follows.

• The connected destination function block is in out of service (O/S) mode.
• The connection information is abnormal, and the data reference or data set
cannot be performed.
• The connected destination function block’s data type is invalid (cannot be
convert to the appropriate data type).

J2.5 CONTROL CALCULATION

Basic Type PID Control Algorithm (PID)

The PID control computation is the core of the PID control computation
processing,calculating a manipulated output change ( MV)by using the PID
control algorithms.
This algorithm is used when the process time constant is long and the control is
oriented on the prompt response to the change in the setpoint value.
The PID control computation expression used in a regulatory control system
(analog control system):

∆MV ⁿ = 100 ∆DV ⁿ + ∆T DV ⁿ + D ∆(∆DV ⁿ)

PB I ∆T

∆MV ⁿ : Manipulated output change

PB : Proportional Band
DV : Deviation, DV = PV - SV
ⁿ ⁿ ⁿ ⁿ
∆T : Control period
∆DV ⁿ : Change in deviation, ∆DV = DVⁿ - DV n - 1
ⁿ
I : Integral time
D : Derivative time

(Proportional gain)

The above differential expression calculates a change in manipulated output

(difference). A new output value is obtained by adding the current change in
manipulated output (∆MV ⁿ) to the previous manipulated output value (MV n – 1).

The PID Controller Block uses the following five PID control algorithms to perform
PID control computation.The actions vary with the characteristics of a controlled
system and the purpose of control.

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The table below shows the PID control algorithms and the input variable of each
term:

DV DV DV

PV PV DV

DV PV DV

PV Proportional and Derivative Type PID Control Algorithm (I-PD)

The PV proportional and derivative type PID control algorithm (I-PI)differs from
the basic type that it performs only integral actions when the setpoint value
changes.
This algorithm ensures stable control characteristics even when the setpoint
value changes abruptly when the SV is set via numerical value entry. At the
same time, the algorithmensures proper control in response to the characteristic
changes occurring in controlled processes, load variations and disturbances by
performing proportional, derivative and integral Control Action accordingly.
The computational expression of the PV proportional and derivative type PID
control algorithm (I-PD):

∆MV ⁿ = 100 ∆PV ⁿ + ∆T DV ⁿ + D ∆(∆PV ⁿ )

PB I ∆T

∆PVⁿ : Process variable change, ∆PVⁿ = PV

ⁿ - PV n - 1

PV Derivative Type PID Control Algorithm (PI-D)

The PV derivative type PID control algorithm (PI-D) only performs proportional
and integral Control Action when setpoint value changes, but not derivative
Control Action. This algorithm is used in the situations where the better follow up
to the setpoint value change is required, such a downstream control block in a
cascade control loop.
The computational expression of the PV derivative type PID control algorithm:

∆MV ⁿ = 100 ∆DV ⁿ + ∆T DV ⁿ + D ∆(∆PV ⁿ)

PB I ∆T

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Control Period
The controller block executes the input processing per scan period. However, the
control calculation and output processing are executed per each control period.
The control period of the controller block is a time period that the controller
block executes control calculation and output processing during automatic
operation (AUT, CAS, RCAS). The control period of the controller block is always
an integer multiple of the scan period.
Control calculation is executed at every control period in regulatory control action.
The figure below shows the controller block’s control period in the regulatory
control action.

Select from “fixed control period - 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 or 64 seconds”, “automatic

determination” or “intermittent control action.”

When the automatic determination is selected, the control period is decided by

the following rules:

I/O Compensation
The Input or Output Compensation function adds the compensation value (VN)
received from outside to the input signal or output signal of PID control
computation, while the controller block is operating automatically in the automatic
(AUT),cascade (CAS),or remote cascade (RCAS)mode.

Select “No,” “Input Compensation ” or “Output Compensation.”

The default is “No.”

The input/output compensation is a control action that adds the

compensation value (VN)received from outside to the input/output signal of
PID control computation respectively.

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Non-linear Gain
The non-linear gain function changes the proportional gain in accordance with the
deviation of the process variable (PV)from the setpoint value (SV)in the control
computation. As a result, a non-linear relationship is formed between the
manipulated output change (MV) and the deviation of the process variable
(PV)from setpoint value (SV).
The non-linear gain function is used for pH control,in which the process gain often
becomes too high near the target value, or for buffer tank level control, whose
purpose is to stabilize the discharge volume while maintaining the tank level
within the limits.

Select “No,” “Gap Action ” or “Squared Deviation Action.”

The default is “No.”

Deadband
The deadband action stops the manipulated output value (MV) from changing
while the deviation (DV)is within the preset deadband (DB) range, by causing the
manipulated output change (MV)to be “0.”

Select “Yes ” or “No.”

The default is “No.”
If “Yes”, engineering unit data between 0 and the PV scale span range limit must
be set. The default is the value equivalent to 1.0 %of the PV scale span.

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The figure below shows the characteristics of the deadband action:

AUT Fallback
The AUT fallback is an error processing function that switches the block mode
from cascade (CAS)or primary direct (PRD)to automatic (AUT)when the AUT
fallback condition is established. Thus the set value of the control loop can be set
by the operator.

Select “Yes ” or “No.”

The default is “No.”

The AUT fallback condition is established when the data status of the cascade
setpoint value (CSV) become invalid (BAD)or communication error (NCOM).

Computer Backup Mode

When the computer fail is detected, the function block suspends the action in the
remote cascade (RCAS)mode or remote output (ROUT)mode temporarily and
switches to the computer backup mode.
Select “MAN,” “AUT ” or “CAS ” as the mode to be switched to when the
computer is down. The default is “MAN.”

J2.6 OUTPUT

Output Change
Output Velocity Limiter
It is a function to limit the amount of change between the previous and
current output values, so as to prevent abrupt changes in the output value.
The output velocity limit is a permissible amount of output change over one
scan period.

Engineering unit data or percentage within the range from 0 to the MV scale
span setting in positive values only (six significant figures).
The default setting is 100.0 %.

MAN Mode Output Velocity Limiter Bypass

The output velocity limiter can be disabled by setting the bypass for the MAN-
mode output velocity limiter.

Selectable between “Yes” and “No.”

Default is “No.”

Auxiliary Output

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The auxiliary output is used when output a signal through the SUB terminal to a
destination other than the final control element. The signal is often used as
compensation data to other function blocks, or to the indicator outside of the FCS,
etc.
Output Data/Output Type

Output Data:
Selectable from “PV” , “DPV“, “MV” and “DMV”.
Default is “PV.”

Output Type:
Selectable from “Positional Output Action” and “Velocity Output Action”
Default is “Positional Output Action.”

When the output action for auxiliary output is set to “Positional Output Action,”
the output values (MV, ∆MV, PV, or ∆PV) can be set in the connection
destination as it is. Also, when set to the “Velocity Output Action” type, the
value read back from the connection destination is added to the output value
and set in the connection destination.
MV Display Style
Select “Automatic Determination ” or “User Define.”
The default is “Automatic Determination.”

When “Automatic Determination ” is selected, the engineering unit and scale

range of the manipulated output value (MV )change according to the connected
destination of the OUT terminal.

When “User Define ” is selected, set the engineering unit and scale range for the
manipulated output value (MV).
• MV Engineering Unit Symbol:
Consists of six or less standard-width characters or three double-width
characters.
The default is “%.”
• MV Range:
High and low limits.
Numerical values of seven digits or less, where the sign and decimal point
occupy one digit each.
The default is “100.0 ” for the upper limit and “0.0 ” for the lower limit.

Limit Output in direction when clamped

Selectable from “Yes” and “No.”
Default is “Yes.”

When the data status of the cascade connection destination is CLP+ or CLP-, the
output direction of the manipulated output value (MV) is restricted, i.e., the value
cannot be changed to exceed or falls below the present output value, so that only
the manipulated output value (MV) in the direction that cancels CLP+ or CLP- is
output.

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Control Calculation Output Type

Selectable from “positional” or “velocity.”
Default is the “positional” action.

A Regulatory Control Block outputs its manipulated output value (MV) or the
vicissitude of that value (∆MV).
There are two types output action: positional and velocity:
• In positional output action, the output value connects to its destinations
unchanged.
Adds the current manipulated output change (∆MV) to the previous output
value (MVn-1 ) and determines the manipulated output value (MVn ).

• In velocity output action, the amount of change for the current output (∆MV)
is added to the value read back from the connection destination of the output
terminal.
Adds the current manipulated output change (∆MV) to the value readback
from the output destination (MVrb ) and determines the manipulated output
value (MVn ).

J2.7 CONNECTION

The connection functions establish data transfer between the instruments. There
are 3 different kinds of connection:

A Process connection : connection to or from I/O cards.

B
Interterminal connection : connection between instrument terminals.

C Data connection:: connection to or from the instruments without

connection through terminals. (data setting, data referencing
function.) All sequence elements such as digital inputs/outputs,
internal switches, etc, should be connected by data connection.

C (Reference) PVI-DV
IN OUT
SET
PID
IN MV OUT
B

A (Input) SET
PID A (Output)
IN P OUT

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BDSET-1
I/O Card I/O Card
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C (Setting)
1 to 5 V 4 to 20 mA

J2.8 Others

Constant
Constants are preset tuning parameters. Up to 1,024 alphanumeric characters
can be used for each constant.

Upon online downloading to an FCS, the constants are always substituted for the
current tuning parameters for any changed function block. The saved tuning
parameters take precedence over the constants upon offline downloading to an
FCS, while the constants take precedence over the unsaved tuning parameters
upon initial offline downloading to an FCS.

Example of setting constants.

Laboratory J

Exercise

Q1. What is the main difference between Process I/O and Software I/O?

Practice

1. Configure a user-defined common switch with the following display:

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