BIOGRAPHY

JOSE PROTACIO RIZAL MERCADO

Y ALONZO REALONDA QUINTOS
(1861-1896)

NAME: Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Y Alonzo Realonda Quintos

NICKNAME: “Pepe”
BIRTH DATE: June 19, 1861, Wednesday between eleven and midnight
BIRTH PLACE: At the lakeshore town of Calamba, Laguna
BAPTISM: June 22, 1861 in the Catholic Church of Calamba, Laguna
BAPTIZED BY: Parish Priest, Fr. Ruffino Collantes with Fr. Pedro Casanas as sponsor
RIZAL’S PARENTS: Francisco Mercado Rizal (1818-1898)
Teodora Alonzo Realonda (18216-1911)
SIBLINGS (7th of the 11 children)
 Saturnina “neneng” (1850-1913)
 Paciano (1851-1830)
 Narcisa (1852-1939)
 Olympia (1855-1887)
 Lucia (1857-1919)
 Maria “biang”(1859-1945)
 Conception (1862-1865)
 Josefa (1865-1945)
 Trinidad (1868-1951)
 Soledad (1870-1929)
Jose Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines and was a versatile genius. He was a
physician, poet, dramatist, essayist, novelist, architect, historian, painter, sculptor, educator,
linguist, musician, naturalist, ethnologist, surveyor, engineer, farmer businessman, economist,
geographer, cartographer, bibliophile, philogist, grammarian, folklorist, philosopher,
translator, inventor, magician, humorist, satirist, polemicist, sportsman, traveler, and prophet.
EARLY LIFE
 They had a simple, contented, and happy life.
 His parents are very strict.
 Rizal’s parents taught them to love God, behave well, to be obedient, respect people
especially old folks.
 His first teacher was his mother.
 At the age 3, Rizal began to take a part in the family prayers.
 Maestro Justiano Aquino Cruz, the first school where Rizal studied his basic education.
 At the age of 5, Rizal experienced his first sorrow when Conception, his sister died.
 He travelled for the first time to go on a pilgrimage to Antipolo at the age of 5.
 At the age of 11, Rizal studied in Ateneo Municipal.
 His first professor was Fr. Jose Bech.
 His first week of studying he became “emperor”
 He took private lessons in Sta. Isabel College for his Spanish lessons.
 At the end of the year he didn’t maintain being “emperor” instead he was placed as second.
 March 1873 summer vacation, he visit his mother in jail without telling his father just to tell
about his grades.
 Second year in Ateneo he became again being an “emperor” and achieve gold medal at the
end of the school year.
 Last year in Ateneo 1876-1877, he graduated and got the highest grades (Sobresaliente).
 Rizal studied in University of Santo Thomas taking philosophy and letters then after a year he
transferred to medical course because of his mother’s growing blindness.
 While studying at Santo Thomas, he also studied in Ateneo and to a vocational course leading
him to the title “peritoagrimensor”.
 At the age 17, Rizal passed the final examinations as surveyor but the title was given
November 25, 1881 because he was underage.
 Summer vacation on 1878, he experienced brutality by a Spanish officer because he did not
salute nor say courteous “good evening” that’s why he was sashed by his back and he
reported it to the police but nothing happened because it was a Spanish government and the
officer was a Spanish.
TRAVELS
 May 3, 1882, Rizal left Philippines for the first time to Spain. He boarded the Salvadora using
a passport as Jose Mercado, which was procured for him by his uncle Atonio Rivera, father of
Leonor Rivera.
 June 15, 1882, he left Marseilles to Barcelona in an express train
 Rizal in Barcelona, Spain. August 20, 1882, his article “Amor Patrio” was published in the
 Diarong Tagalog, a Manila newspaper edited by Basilio Teodoro. This was the first article he
wrote abroad.
 Rizal in Madrid, Spain. September 2, 1882, Rizal matriculated at the Universidad Central de
Madrid. He took medical clinic, surgical clinic, legal medicine and obstetrical clinic.
 November 4, 1882, he wrote the article “Revista de Madrid” which was in intended for
publication in the Diarong Tagalog in Manila, but was not published because the newspaper
stops its circulation.
 November 7, 1882, Rizal wrote an article entitled “Las Dudas”. the article was signed Laong-
Laan his pen name.
 Rizal in Paris, France. June 18, 1883, with Felipe and Cunanan, he visited the Leannec
Hospital to observe how Dr. Nicaise treated his patients. He was stunned to see the advanced
facilities in the accommodation in the said hospital.
 June 19, 1883, he again visited Dr. Nicaise who showed the technique of operation. Later he
went to see dupytren museum.
 June 20, 1883, Rizal visited the lariboisiere Hospital where Felix Pardo de Tavera was an
extern. Here he observe the examination of the different diseases of women.
 Rizal back in Madrid. September 28, 1883, he enrolled at the Universidad Central de Madrid
for the second course of medicine.
 October 1883, he came to know of the imprisonment, by order of Sr. Vicente Barrantes, of the
14 rich innocent persons of Manila. The prisoners who knew nothing is the cause of their
detention and who became sick later, were kept in a humid prison cell. Rizal was indignant of
his inhuman act.
 January 2, 1884, Rizal proposed to the member of Circulo assembled in the house of Pateros,
the publication of a book by association. This idea became the embryo of this first novel Noli
Me Tangere.
 June 21, 1884, he finished the degree of Licentiate in Medicine with the grade of aprobado
from the Universidad de Madrid.
 June 25, 1884, Rizal won first prize in Greek contest, after which he delivered a speech in
honor of the two Filipino painters, Juan Luna and Felix Resurrection Hidalgo. The occasion
commemorated the triumph of the two, especially Luna who won the first prize for his
Spoliarium during the national exposition of Fine arts held in Madrid that year.
 July 1, 1884, Rizal explained the term “Filibustero” in the news paper of Madrid El Progreso,
calling the attention of the Spanish authorities over the case of future of the Filipinos. He
asked for freedom of the press and the right of representation of the Spanish Cortes.
 November 20, 1884, Rizal witnessed the tumultuous scene in the Central Universidad de
 Madrid where the students and professors staged a strike against excommunication imposed
by the bishop on the lecture proclaiming the freedom of science and of the teacher.
 Rizal in Heidelberg, Germany. April 22, 1886, while he was in Heidelberg he experiencing the
feeling of nostalgia for his parents and for his country, Rizal wrote the poem “A Las Flores de
Heidelberg”.
 Rizal in Berlin, Germany. March 21, 1887, copies of his novel came off the press. He sent one
copy to Prof. Blumentritt. In a letter of his Austrian friend, he say it was his first impartial and
daring book to be written on the life of the Tagalogs. He opined that the Spanish authorities
and the friar would attack the book.
 Rizal in Manila. August 5, 1887, at 9:00 o’clock in the evening, Rizal arrived at Manila after
five years of study and patriotic labors in Europe.
 August 18, 1887, in a letter, Archbishop P. Payo instructed Fr. Gregorio Echevarria, Rector of
the University of Sto. Thomas, that an information about the novel Noli Me Tangere be issued
by a commission composed of University professors Fr. Matias Gomez, Fr. Norberto Del
Prado and Fr. Evaristo Fernandez Arias.
 August 30, 1887, Rizal left Calamba for Manila to see Gov. General on the issue of the Noli Me
Tangere which caused torment among the friars in the Philippines. Gov.-Gen. Terrero asked
him for a copy and Rizal, after a few days looking for a copy, handed him a worn out one.
 September 1887, Rizal decided not to leave his family within this year. His sister Olympia
died of hemorrhage while giving birth. His father did no permit him to go out alone and eat
in the house of his relatives.
 October 19, 1887, he made a pencil drawing of a sailboat sailing on Laguna de Bay, which he
saw with Jose Taviel de Andrade, Lieutenant of the civil guards assigned by the Gov.-Gen.
Terrero to protect him, during an excursion to Los Banos. This drawing was sent to
Blumentritt.
 December 29, 1887, the permanent board of censure headed by Fr. Salvador Font issued a
judgement absolutely prohibiting the circulation of Noli Me Tangere in the Philippines.
 February 3, 1888, after staying in the Philippines for almost six months, he left Manila to
Hongkong, bringing with him P5,000 which he earned from his medical practice.
 Rizal in Hongkong. February 19, 1888, with Jose Maria Basa, Jose Sainz de Veranda and some
Portuguese, he left Hongkong for Macao on board the Kui Kiang. In Macao, they lived in the
house of Juan Lecaroz. He went around for observation, especially the botanical garden.
 February 22, 1888, after staying in Hongkong for almost weeks, he left for Japan on board the
Oceanic.
 Rizal in Japan, America, bound to England where in London, Paris, he back in Spain.
 Rizal back in Madrid. August 23, 1890, he reported to Juan Luna what transpired between
him and Antonio Luna. They had a quarrel and also had a duel.
 Rizal in Biarritz, France. March 29, 1891, he finished writing his book El Filibusterismo. He
planned, however, of revising some chapters.
 Rizal in Brussels, Belgium. May 1, 1891, in a letter sent to Basa, Rizal reiterated his desire to be
in Hongkong, reminding the former of the amount he was borrowing for his fare.
 May 30, 1891, he set ready for printing 20 chapters of the manuscript of the El Filibusterismo.
He was waiting for an amount to defray the publication expense.
 Rizal in Ghent, Belgium. July 9, 1891, he was financially broke. He did not receive for three
months up to this date any pension from home. He was living in the most difficult situation,
renting a small room and eating the modest food in order to economize and able to publish
the El Fili. He had already pawned all his jewels.
 September 1891, El Fili. was publish in Ghent using the donations from Rizal’s friends.
 Rizal in Philippines. June 26, 1892, he arrived at Manila from Hongkong on board the boat
Don Juan. His sister, Lucia, accompanied him in his return to the Philippines.
 July 3, 1892, he had again an interview with Gov.-Gen. Despujol. He thanked Gen. Despujol
for lifting the order of exile for his sisters. The governor told him to come back the following
Wednesday. In the evening he attended to a meeting to discuss the proposed La Liga Filipina.
 July 6, 1892, held the interview with the Governor. He confronted for hid anti--friar bills
supposedly found in Lucia’s pillows. He was ordered imprisoned in Fort Santiago.
LIFE IN DAPITAN
 July 15, 1892, at 1:00 A.M, Rizal was shipped on board the boat from Cebu to Dapitan. He was
given a good cabin but well guarded.
 In Dapitan, he engaged in agricultural projects using abaca, a plant used for making rope.
Rizal maintained and operated a hospital as well as he engaged in business, fishing, and built
a water system in Dapitan. He applied his knowledge in engineering in order to furnish clean
water to towns people.
 Rizal also continued his reform work by building school for young boys which he conducted
classes - taught the pupils English and Spanish languages and the arts. In July 1896, his
students increase at 26 from 3 students.
 Rizal also collected specimens from virgin rich fields of Mindanao. He sent it to the museum
in Europe in return they will sent him some scientific book surgical instruments.
 December 17, 1895, Cuba was engulfed by an epidemic of yellow fever and Rizal volunteered
to serve as an army doctor. His request was accepted by the Gov.-Gen. Ramon Blanco.
 July 31, 1896, he was able to leave Dapitan after four years of exile.
 August 1896, a secret society Katipunan started a violent revolution even though Rizal was in
no way associated with the revolution he was arrested enroute to Cuba.
 August 6 to September 2, 1896, he was stayed on the cruiser by oder of Gov. Blanco.
 He was sent back to Manila where in he was accused for rebellion, sedition conspiracy. Two
kinds of evidence were presented against him - documentary and testimonial.
 He was given a chance his defender and he chose Don Luis Taviel de Andrade, the brother of
his bodyguard in Calamba.
 He spent his Christmas on cell. And the military court was remained in different in different
on his pleading. He was sentenced to death.
 His execution was carried out on December 30, 1896 by a squad of Filipino soldiers of the
Spanish Army.
 Rizal died at Bagumbayan field at the age of 35 years, five months, eleven days.
ACHIEVEMENTS
 Rizal was the most intelligent student when he finished high school at Ateneo.
 Won a lot of literary contests during his school days.
 Rizal is a Multilingual who can speak 22 languages.
 He wrote 2 novels exposing the tyranny and abuses of the Spanish officials.
 Annotated Morga’s book that describes the Filipino life has its own culture when the
Spaniards arrived in the Philippines.
 He wrote meaning articles in the anti Spanish friars newspaper La Solidaridad such as the
Philippines within a century and the indolence of the Filipinos.
 He was a polymath with the exceptional ability to master several subjects and skills. Rizal was
a doctor, writer, poet, artist, farmer, educator and historian. Rizal also had considerable
knowledge in the fields of economics, anthropology, dramatics and sociology.
 BIOGRAPHY

SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:

KYLA CHRISTINE O. ZORNOSA PROF. DENTOR NANONG

BSED-MATHEMATICS