CHEMISTRY IN EYERYDAY LIFE →

OF LOW MOLECULAR
DRUGS →
CHEMICALS

MASSES ( ~
100
-

SOON ) .

CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS →
( ON BASIS of )
-

PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECT → USEFUL FOR DOCTORS

ACTION
DRUG
-

- CHEMICAL STRUCTURE

MOST USEFUL CLASS / f.

-
MOLECULAR TARGETS →

FOR MEDICINAL CHEMISTS .

 AGONIST →
DRUG THAT MIMIC THE NATURAL

THE
MESSENGER BY
SWITCHING ON RECEPTOR .

ANTAGONIST →
DRUG THAT BIND TO THE

RECEPTOR SITE AND INHIBIT ITS NATURAL

FUNCTION .

DIFFERENT CLASSES OF DRUGS →

① ANTACIDS → CIMETIDINE ( TEGAMET) ,

RANTIDINE

( ZENTAC) .

② ANTIHISTAMINES → TERFENADINE (SELDANE ) ,

BROMPHENIRAMINE ( DIMETAPP ) .

③ NEUROLOGICALLY ACTIVE
DRUGS →
 d) / RANSQUILIZERS

↓ ① ↓ ② ③ ↓
ANTI -

DEPRESSANTS ANTI -

TENSION C- QUANIL
↓ 1-1
↓
-
IPRONIAZID -

CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE FOR BOTH

PHENELZINE -

MEPROBAMATE DEPRESSION
( MARDI 2) AND

HYPERTENSION
①
.

BARBITURIC ACID DERIVATIES → ⑤

OTHER EXAMPLES
- VERONA L
VALIUM
-

AMYTAL
-

NEMBUTAL -
BARBITURATES SEROTONIN .

LUMINAL
↓
HYPNOTIC .

SECONAL
 Iii ) ANALGESIC

↓ ↓
NON -

NARCOTIC NARCOTIC
ASPIRIN → ANALGESIC , MORPHINE

ANTI -

PYRETIC CODEINE
PARACETAMOL
/

ANTI -

BLOOD CLOTTING .

HEROIN

④ ANTI -

MICROBIAL s →
I, ANTIBIOTICS

SALVARSAN
,
PROMTOSIL ( INACTIVE) ,
SULPHAPYRIDINE .

↓
SULPHANILAMIDE / ACTIVE)
ANTIBIOTICS →

-
BACTERIOSTATIC
-

NARROW SPECTRUM

BACTERIOCIDIAL
-

BROAD SPECTRUM
 BACTERIOCIDIAL →
PENICILLIN , AMINOGLYCOSIDES ,

OFLOXACIN .

BACTERIOSTATIC → ERYTHROMYCIN TETRACYCLINE ,

,

CHLORAMPHENICOL .

BROAD-SPECTRUM → AMPICILLIN ,
AMOXICILLIN
,

CHLORAMPHENICOL VANCOMYCIN OFLOXACIN .

, ,

NARROW -
SPECTRUM → PENICILLIN -

G .

CERTAIN STRAINS
Toxic TOWARDS
DYSIDAZIRINE →

CANCER CELLS
OF .

( ii , ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS →

ANTISEPTICS → FURACINE SOFRAMICINE
, , BITHIONAL ,

DETTOL ( CMLOROXYLENOL + TERPINEOL ) ,

IODINE
,

IODOFORM BORIC ACID .

DISINFECTANTS → cl IN CONCENT E RATION of 0.2

SOLUTION SULPHUR
TO 0.4 PPM IN AQUEOUS ,

VERY LOW CONCENTRATIONS

DIOXIDE IN .

OF PHENOL → ANTISEPTIC
0.2 %

I •
1. of PHENOL
→ DISINFECTANT .

⑤ ANTI
-

FERTILITY DRUGS →

DER
MORE THINDRONE →
PROGESTERONE .

C- THYNYLL ESTRADIOL →
ESTROGEN
+ PROGESTERONE
DER
(
.

AIOVESTROL )
ARTIFICIAL SWEETENING AGENTS →

SACCHARIN → -

EXCRETED FROM BODY IN URINE UNCHANGED

VALUE TO DIABETIC PATIENTS

GREAT
-

SUCCESSFUL AND WIDELY USED

ASPARTAME → -
MOST

ARTIFICIAL SWEETNER .

METHYL ESTER OF DIPEPTIDE FORMED FROM ASPARTIC

ACID AND PHENYLALANINE .

FOODS AND SOFT DRINKS AS IT

-

LIMITED TO COLD

IS UNSTABLE AT COOKING TEMPERATURES .

POTENCY SWEETNER
ALITAME HIGH
.
→ -

MORE STABLE THAN ASPARTAME .

OF SWEETNESS OF FOOD IS DIFFICULT

CONTROL
-

WHILE USING IT .
SUCRALOSE → -

TIRICHLORO DERIVATIVE OF SUCROSE .

AT COOKING TEMPERATURES .

STABLE
PROVIDE CALORIES
NOT
.

DOES

→ SACCHARIN → 550
ASPARTAME 100 , ,

SUCRALOSE → 600 All TAME → 2000 .

fooD-PRE.SE RVATIVES → SODIUM BENZOATE , etc .

SALTS of SORBIC ACID AND PROPANOIC ACID ARE

ALSO USED AS A PRESERVATIVE .

ANTI - OXIDANTS → BHT [ BUTYLATED HYDROXY TOLUENE ]

BHA [ BUT '( LATED HYDROXY ANISOLE

] .

SOAPS ARE SOFTER TO THE SKIN

POTASSIUM
THAN SODIUM SOAPS .
ANIONIC DETERGENTS →
SODIUM SALTS OF ALKYL

BENZENO -

SULPHATE S .

MOSTLY USED FOR HOUSEHOLD WORK .

- USED IN TOOTHPASTES .

CATIONIC
DETERGENTS → CETYLTRI METHYL AMMONIUM
BROMIDE
GERMICIDAL PROPERTIES EXPENSIVE
.

AND ARE
,

THERFORE THESE ARE OF LIMITED USE .

ACID REACTS WITH

NON -

IONIC DETERGENTS → STEARIC

POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL .

→
LIQUID DISHWASHING DETERGENTS .

DETERGENTS WITH STRAIGHT CHAIN of HYDROCARNB,

ARE PREFERRED OVER BRANCHED CHAIN AS LATTER
ARE NON
BIODEGRADABLE
-