Volume 8, Issue 5, May – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Solar Powered Multipurpose Agriculture Robot

1 3
Namburi Nireekshana R. Bhavani Shankar
Assistant Professor, 160719734301
EEED, BE, EEE
Methodist College of Engineering &Technology Methodist College of Engineering & Technology
2 4
M. Anil Goud G. Nitin Sai chandra
160719734315 160719734004
BE, EEE BE, EEE
Methodist College of engineering & Technology Methodist College of Engineering & Technology

Abstract:- In India, more than 60 percent of the people may reduce environmental impact, improve accuracy and
works in agriculture as their main job. Due to a growing efficiency, and manage individual plants in novel ways by
lack of workers, there is now more interest in developing monitoring farms 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
robots and other self-driving cars for use in agriculture. Because the capacity to replace human operators provides
A robot called a "agriculture robot" has been made to cost-effective solutions with a high return on investment,
reduce the amount of work farmers have to do and to instrumental robotics applications are expanding every day
speed up and improve the quality of their work. The goal to encompass new disciplines. This is especially important
of the proposed system is to make a multipurpose when the jobs that must be done pose a risk to the
autonomous agricultural robotic vehicle that can be employees' safety or health, or when robots allow for more
controlled through Bluetooth. This vehicle could be used conservative concerns. As autonomous solutions are
for sowing seeds, cutting grass, ploughing, detecting soil deployed, heavy chemical or pharmaceutical distributors,
moisture, spraying pesticides, and detecting leaf diseases manure or fertilizer spreaders, and other activities are
with a Raspberry Pi and suggesting what kind of getting more concerned.
pesticides should be used for that disease. Autonomous However, the agricultural situation is deteriorating. This is
cars are used so that people don't have to do as much because of a lack of automation. Furthermore, development
work. This leads to a higher yield and better use of requires coordination between electrical and agricultural
resources. professionals.

Keywords: Raspberry Pi, Arduino Uno Mini, Controllers, II. LITERATURE SURVEY
Solar Energy.
Vishnu Prakash Karunakara et al. discuss a project
I. INTRODUCTION aimed at creating, implementing, and testing an autonomous
multipurpose vehicle capable of operating in a safe,
Agriculture is the backbone of India. India is now the efficient, and cost-effective manner. This self-driving
world's second-largest agricultural product producer. The vehicle travels through crop lines on agricultural property,
agricultural special vehicle field is gradually expanding its performing activities that are tiresome and/or dangerous to
manufacturing. Growing input prices, a paucity of qualified farmers. It was first outfitted for spraying, but alternative
workers, a scarcity of water resources, and crop monitoring configurations, such as a seeding, plug platform to reach the
are all critical challenges in India's agricultural economy. highest portion of the plants to do various jobs (pruning,
Automation technologies have been used in agriculture to harvesting, etc.), and a trailer to transport the fruits, plants,
address these concerns. The agricultural census provides and crop waste, have also been built.
critical information about the distribution of land ownership
in our country. Burra Hymavathi, J Hariharan, K Manideep, D V
Srikanth, and others present an agricultural multipurpose
According to the census, the majority of farmers hold less robot project aimed at designing, implementing, and testing
than one hectare of land. This is one of the most serious an autonomous multipurpose vehicle with efficiency and
drawbacks of agricultural mechanisation in India. Vehicles economic operations for tilling, sowing seeds, spraying
are being built for a variety of operations, including fertilisers, and sprinkling water simultaneously. It runs on
ploughing, seed planting, levelling, water spraying, and solar power, is entirely automated, and can be utilised by a
grass cutting. These tasks have yet to be achieved with a single person in arid and semi-arid areas. This vehicle goes
single vehicle. The robots in this project are meant to focus through the crop lines and completes tasks, decreasing the
effectively and do tasks independently. The proposed design need for personal intervention.
employs a vehicle to do duties such sloughing, sowing, grass
cutting, pesticide spraying, and detecting and recommending Chetan Patil, Vishal Deshmukh, Shailesh Deshmukh,
pesticides for leaf disease. These responsibilities are Govind Rai, Parag Bute, and others: create a robot capable
consolidated and carried out in a single vehicle. Farmers of autonomous ploughing, seed distributing, and pesticide

IJISRT23MAY052 www.ijisrt.com 299

Volume 8, Issue 5, May – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
spraying. It also offers manual control as needed and  Solar Panel.
monitors humidity levels using humidity sensors. The  12V Gear DC Motors.
essential component in this case is the microcontroller,  Regulated Power Supply.
which oversees the entire operation. Initially, the robot tills  Bluetooth module.
the entire area before ploughing and dispensing seeds side  Moisture sensor.
by side.
 Use of Components:
S N Gowtham, Anand G Warrier, Chirag B Shetty, and
Gerard Elston Shawn D'souza and colleagues: present on the  Raspberry Pi:
many agricultural chores performed by a single robot. We
must find new techniques to improve the efficiency of
agricultural tasks. This project is concerned with a
revolutionary method of cultivating land in a highly
effective manner. This agriculture robot system is notable
for its multitasking capabilities, which include drilling,
picking and placing, sowing, pumping water and fertilisers,
and weather monitoring to work in both agriculture,
afforestation, and gardening platforms. The goal of this
project is to design, develop, and build a robot that can dig
soil, plant seeds, close mud, and spray water. The entire
robot system is powered by a battery and solar panels. More
than 40% of the world's population selects agriculture as
their primary vocation, and in recent years, interest in the
development of autonomous cars in agriculture has grown.

Gaurav Lohakar, Jiwan Ujwalkar, Subhash Chikankar, Fig 1 Raspberry Pi

and Rupeshkumar are among the cast members.D.
Suryawanshi and colleagues:Agriculture in developed The Raspberry Pi 4 Model B is the newest computer in
countries must discover innovative ways to boost efficiency. the well-known Raspberry Pi line. It is better than the
One strategy is to use available information technologies in Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ in terms of CPU speed, video
the form of smarter machines to decrease and target energy performance, memory, and connections. However, it is still
inputs more effectively than in the past. Precision farming compatible with the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ and uses the
has demonstrated the benefits of this strategy, but we may same amount of power. End users can get desktop speed
now transition to a new generation of equipment. The from the Raspberry Pi 4 Model B that is similar to that of
introduction of autonomous system architectures allows us entry-level x86 PC systems. A high-performance 64-bit
to create a completely new line of agricultural equipment quad-core processor, dual-display support at resolutions up
based on small smart machines that can perform the right to 4K through a pair of micro-HDMI ports, hardware video
thing, in the right place, at the right time, and in the right decoding at up to 4Kp60, 8GB of RAM, dual-band 2.4/5.0
way. GHz wireless LAN, Bluetooth 5.0, Gigabit Ethernet, USB
3.0, and PoE capability (through compliance certification,
Arunkumar S M, Erik Sentury, A Harish Kumar, which allows the board to be built into end products with a
Johnson A, Yuvaraju G, and colleagues:Seed selection, field separate PoE HAT add-on). Dual-band wireless LAN and
preparation, fertilising, sowing, irrigation, weed control, and Bluetooth have flexible compliance testing, which cuts costs
pesticide spraying are all processes in the cultivation of any and time to market.
crop. Farmers must use a variety of agricultural equipment
and labours to complete these steps; our goal is to combine • Broadcom BCM2711, quad-core Cortex-A72 (ARM
all of the individual tools to provide farmers with v8) 64-bit SoC @ 1.5GHz, 8GB LPDDR4 SDRAM, IEEE
multipurpose equipment that implements all of the scientific 802.11b/g/n/ac wireless LAN, Bluetooth 5.0, BLE • Gigabit
farming techniques and specifications and is suitable for all Ethernet (true)
types of seed-to-seed cultivation at the lowest possible cost.
This project focuses on the design and manufacture of a • 2x USB 3.0 ports, 2x USB 2.0 ports • 40-pin GPIO
multipurpose agriculture vehicle that will be used for soil header that is fully backwards compatible • 2x Micro HDMI
preparation, sowing, fertilising, levelling, and weed ports that support up to 4K 60Hz video resolution • 2-lane
eradication. MIPI DSI/CSI ports for camera and display • 4-pole stereo
audio and composite video port • MicroSD card slot for
 Components Used: operating system and data storage.
 Raspberry pi.
 Arduino UNO mini.  Requires 5.1V, 3A power via USB-C or GPIO
 Battery.  PoE (Power over Ethernet) enabled (requires PoE HAT)
 Relays.
 12V, 3A Water Pump.

IJISRT23MAY052 www.ijisrt.com 300

Volume 8, Issue 5, May – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
 Arduino UNO MNI: It has an integrated LED. Only when we run the
programme will the LED blink.

There are eight analogue pins.

There are 14 digital I/O pins, six of which are PWM

(pulse width modulation) ones.

The input voltage ranges from 5 to 12 volts.

 Solar Pannel:

Fig 2 Arduino Pro Mini

The Arduino Pro Mini is a small Arduino board that is

powered by an ATmega328P or microcontroller. The
connectivity and functionality are identical to those of other
Arduino boards. Advanced users love it because of its
higher flexibility and tiny size. The board is available in
several variations. To use the 3.3V working voltage, we
must use the Arduino Pro Mini 3.3V board. We must utilise
the Arduino Pro Mini 5V board for 5V. Because of its
modest size, it is usually employed in small-scale projects. Fig 3 Solar Pannel

The Arduino Pro Mini is organised using the Arduino The sun is the source of solar energy. Solar panels
IDE,, which is platform-independent. IDE is an abbreviation (also known as "PV panels") are used to convert sunlight's
for Integrated Development Environment. light, which is made up of energy particles known as
"photons," into electricity that may be used to power
Arduino Pro Mini Technical Specifications. The electrical loads. Solar panels have a wide range of
crystal oscillator in the Arduino Nano operates at a applications, including remote power systems for cabins,
frequency of 8MHz.Itonly has one 3.3V regulator. telecommunications equipment, remote sensing, and, of
course, electricity generation by residential and commercial
solar electric systems.

Table 1 Specifications
Type Poly
Dimensions 13.8" x 11.8" x 0.98"
Watts (STC) 10 W
Max Power Voltage (VMPP) 17.3 V
Max Power Current (IMPP) 0.59 A
Open Circuit Voltage (VOC) 21.8 V
Short Circuit Current (ISC) 0.64 A

 Battery:
 12v 7.6ah Sealed Maintenance Free.
 Rated voltage 12V
 Capacity 7.6Ah
 Technology AGM
 Rechargeable batteries features maintenance-free
 Body dimensions 5.94 x 2.56 x 3.7 inches
 Storage time 6-9 years
 Weight 2.54kg
 Rechargeable batteries application alarm systems
 Power backup systems.

Fig 4 Battery

IJISRT23MAY052 www.ijisrt.com 301

Volume 8, Issue 5, May – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
 8 Channel Relay:  GFSK (Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying) modulation •
4dBm Class 2 emission power • -84dBm sensitivity at
0.1% BER
 Asynchronous speed: 2.1Mbps (Max) / 160 kbps,
Synchronous speed: 1Mbps/1Mbps
 Security: authentication and encryption • Power supply:
+3.3VDC 50mA • Operating temperature: -20 to +75
degrees Celsius
(front, back, left, and right), two (2) high-speed motors
for grass cutting and pesticide spraying, and two (2) low-
torque motors for ploughing and seed sowing. All of
these operations are managed by the user using
Bluetooth instructions that are provided for each
operation.

 12V Gear DC Motor:

Fig 5 8 Channel Relay

By connecting a switch to an MCU, you can use a low

voltage to control high voltages. The eight-channel relay
module has eight 5V relays and the switching and separating
parts that go with them. This makes it easy to connect the
module to a microcontroller or sensor with only a few parts
and connections. Each switch on the board has the same
circuit, and all eight channels share the same input ground.

 Details about an 8-Channel Relay Module

• Supply voltage: 3.75V to 6V; trigger current: 5 mA;
Fig 7 Dc Motor
current when the relay is on: 70 mA (single) or 600 mA (all
eight); relay maximum contact voltage: 250 VAC or 30
12V DC 10RPM Johnson geared motors with high
VDC; relay maximum current: 10 A.
torque for robotics applications. It has a huge torque of
120Kgcm. The motor includes a metal gearbox and an off-
 Bluetooth Module: center shaft.

 Features:
• 12V DC motors 4500 RPM without gear box & with
Gearbox 10RPM • Same size motor available in varied rpm
• 6mm Dia shaft with M3 thread hole • Gearbox diameter 37
mm.• Motor Diameter: 28.5 mm • Length: 63 mm without
shaft • Shaft length: 30mm • Weight: 180gm • Rated
Torque: 472.6 N-cm • No-load current: 60 mA (Max), Load
current: 300 mA (Max)

 Water Pump:
Fig 6 HC-05 Bluetooth Module

The HC-05 Bluetooth Module is the most popular way

to set up Wireless Serial Communication because it is cheap
and has a lot of great features. This module can be used
either in Master mode or Slave mode, and switching
between the two is easy. By default, slave mode is set up.
Changes to modes can be made with AT commands. In
slave mode, the HC-05 can't join to another Bluetooth
device, but it can take connections from other devices. You
can connect to other devices when you are in Master mode.

 Specifications for the HC-05:

 Bluetooth serial port Profile
 Bluetooth protocol: Bluetooth v2.0+EDR
 Frequency: 2.4GHz in the ISM band.
Fig 8 Water Pump

IJISRT23MAY052 www.ijisrt.com 302

Volume 8, Issue 5, May – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Table 2 Motor Specification
Brand Earth Max
Model Number EM-4949
Voltage 12 V Nom.(9-14.4V)
Current 3.4 A
Flow 6 LPM
Pressure 135 PSI (9 Bar)
Minimum Order Quantity 40 Unit

 Working:

Fig 9 Block Diagram of Agriculture Robot

The robot is designed to assist and simplify daily

farming activities. It combines many processes such as grass
cutting, ploughing, seed planting, pesticide spraying,
moisture measurement in soil, and leaf disease detection
using dc motors, pumps, sprayers, an Arduino Uno, a
Bluetooth module, and a Raspberry Pi.

A Bluetooth module controls the robot. The operator

must download the Bluetooth Terminal HC-05 application
from the Google Play store. This app is used to control the
robot or transmit commands to it. The robot is equipped
with a Bluetooth module (HC-05) that can receive
commands from up to 20 metres away from the operator and
send them to the Arduino Uno Mini via the receiver port. To
perform the required operation, the various relays are
Fig 10 Block Diagram of Raspberrypi Leaf Disease connected to the various components of the robot. These
relays receive input commands from the Arduino Uno Mini
Detection
based on the user's requirements, with the various Arduino

IJISRT23MAY052 www.ijisrt.com 303

Volume 8, Issue 5, May – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Uno pins attached to the various relays. The robot relies on a
battery, which is constantly charged by a solar panel as it is
depleted by the motors and other circuits. When the solar
panel is exposed to sunlight, it extends the battery's life.

The robot is outfitted with eight (8) dc motors,

including four (4) high-torque motors for four-wheel
movement (front, back, left, and right), two (2) high-speed
motors for grass cutting and pesticide spraying, and two (2)
low-torque motors for ploughing and seed sowing. All of
these operations are managed by the user using Bluetooth
instructions that are provided for each operation.

 Modeling and Analysis: Fig 13 Grass Cutter

Fig 14 Seed Sowing

Fig 11 Modeling and Analysis

III. RESULT

This article depicts the multi-functions of the device. By

using this device all agriculture needs can fulfil this device
can give seed sowing gross cutting, ploughing and pumping Fig 15 Pestiside Sprayer
from the figures 7.1 to 7.8 depicts working models.

Fig 16 Water Pupm

Fig 12 Grass Cutter

IJISRT23MAY052 www.ijisrt.com 304

Volume 8, Issue 5, May – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
controls this robot. This planned work serves more than one
purpose. It cuts down on staff costs, saves time, and makes
sure that production goes smoothly. In the Bluetooth control
module, which is part of the robot, Bluetooth is used. The
raspberry pi can do different things, like change the way and
cut the grass, plough, plant seeds, spray pesticides, and look
for leaf diseases.

REFERENCES

[1]. Simon Blackmore, Bill Stout, Maohua

Wang,BorisRunov (2005), Robotic agriculture – The
future ofagriculture mechanism, Agro Technology,
the royal veterinary and agriculture University.
Fig 17 Moisture Sensor [2]. Agricultural Census: All India report on number
andarea of operational holdings. Agricultural
censusdivision, Department of agriculture and co-
operation,Ministry of Agriculture, Government of
India 2014.
[3]. R. Eaton, R. Eaton, J. Katupitiya, S.D.
Pathirana(2008), Autonomous farming: Modeling
and controlof agricultural machinery in a
unifiedframework,15th international conference on
mechatronicsand machine vision in
practice,NewZealand.
[4]. Simon Blackmore, Bill Stout, MaohuaWang,
BorisRunov (2005), “A systems view of
agriculturalrobotics”, Agro Technology, the royal
veterinary andagriculture University.
[5]. R. Eaton, R. Eaton, J. Katupitiya, S D
Pathirana(2008), “Autonomous farming: Modeling
andcontrol of agricultural machinery in a
Fig 18 Raspberry Pi unifiedframework
[6]. Akhila Gollakota, "A Multipurpose
AgriculturalRobot ", Birla Institute of Technology
and Science,Hyderabad Campus
[7]. Vishnu Prakash K, Sathish Kumar V, Venkatesh
P,Chandran A (2016), “DESIGN AND
FABRICATIONOF MULTIPURPOSE
AGRICULTURAL “ROBOT”,International Journal
of Advanced Science and Engineering Research,

AUTHOR’S PROFILE

Fig 19 Complete Model

IV. CONCLUSION Namburi Nireekshana graduated from JNTU Hyderabad

with 75% aggregate and received Master of Technology
This study will help improve farming tasks that can be from JNTU Hyderabad with 76%, research scholar in
used for more than one thing, such as cutting grass, Annamalai University .He is working as Assistant Professor
ploughing, sowing seeds, spraying pesticides, and finding in Methodist College of Engineering & Technology.
leaf diseases. A Bluetooth gadget on a phone or tablet

IJISRT23MAY052 www.ijisrt.com 305

Volume 8, Issue 5, May – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

Marupakala Anil Goud completed schooling from

Telangana State Model School with 8.8 CGPA. He did
diploma in Government Polytechnic College Nagarjuna
Sagar with 89.50% and he pursuing BE (EEE) in Methodist
College of Engineering and Technology.

Gubba Nitin Sai Chandra completed schooling from

Montessori High School with 9.3 CGPA.He did inter in Sri
Chaitanya Junior Kalasala with 90% and he pursuing BE
(EEE) in Methodist College of Engineering and
Technology.

Rangam Bhavani Shanker completed schooling from

Vishwa Bharathi Technoschoolwith 9.0 CGPA. He did
diploma in Jawaharlal Nehru Govt Polytechnic College with
85% and he pursuing BE (EEE) in Methodist College of
Engineering and Technology.

IJISRT23MAY052 www.ijisrt.com 306