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    Ghana: 1 General

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    Isaac Anaman
    Ghana's geology can be divided into three major units. Paleoproterozoic rocks dominate the southwest and northwest, while Neoproterozoic gneisses and supracrustal rocks are found in the southeast and east. Sediments from the late Precambrian to Paleozoic eras are located in central and northeast Ghana. The Paleoproterozoic consists of the folded Birrimian Supergroup and intruded granites. The Neoproterozoic Pan-African mobile belt in eastern Ghana contains gneisses and quartzites. Phanerozoic sediments are found along the coast and include Devonian and Cretaceous rock units.

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    Ghana: 1 General

    Uploaded by

    Isaac Anaman
    22 views2 pages
    Ghana's geology can be divided into three major units. Paleoproterozoic rocks dominate the southwest and northwest, while Neoproterozoic gneisses and supracrustal rocks are found in the southeast and east. Sediments from the late Precambrian to Paleozoic eras are located in central and northeast Ghana. The Paleoproterozoic consists of the folded Birrimian Supergroup and intruded granites. The Neoproterozoic Pan-African mobile belt in eastern Ghana contains gneisses and quartzites. Phanerozoic sediments are found along the coast and include Devonian and Cretaceous rock units.

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    Ghana's geology can be divided into three major units. Paleoproterozoic rocks dominate the southwest and northwest, while Neoproterozoic gneisses and supracrustal rocks are found in the southeast and east. Sediments from the late Precambrian to Paleozoic eras are located in central and northeast Ghana. The Paleoproterozoic consists of the folded Birrimian Supergroup and intruded granites. The Neoproterozoic Pan-African mobile belt in eastern Ghana contains gneisses and quartzites. Phanerozoic sediments are found along the coast and include Devonian and Cretaceous rock units.

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    22 views2 pages

    Ghana: 1 General

    Uploaded by

    Isaac Anaman
    Ghana's geology can be divided into three major units. Paleoproterozoic rocks dominate the southwest and northwest, while Neoproterozoic gneisses and supracrustal rocks are found in the southeast and east. Sediments from the late Precambrian to Paleozoic eras are located in central and northeast Ghana. The Paleoproterozoic consists of the folded Birrimian Supergroup and intruded granites. The Neoproterozoic Pan-African mobile belt in eastern Ghana contains gneisses and quartzites. Phanerozoic sediments are found along the coast and include Devonian and Cretaceous rock units.

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    Ghana

    1 General a gently folded molassic sequence, which was formed


    due to rifting. Intruded into the Birrimian Supergroup
    Area: 238,540 km² are large masses of granites and granodiorites of Cape
    Population: 19,534,000 (July 2000 estimate) Coast type, which occur as batholiths in the central
    portion of the Birrimian sedimentary basins, and of
    2 Summary of Geology Winneba type, which has an Archean sialic precursor.
    Smaller masses of granites called Dixcove type form
    Geologically, Ghana can be subdivided into three an unfoliated intrusion into the volcanic belt. The
    different major units: Paleoproterozoic rocks rare Bongo potassic granitoids are post-Tarkwaian
    predominate in the southwestern and northwestern part in age and mainly found in the northern part of the
    of the country, whereas gneisses and supracrustal rocks country.
    of mostly Neoproterozoic age occur in the southeast The Neoproterozoic Pan-African mobile belt
    and east of the country. Flat-lying shelf/marine terrane of eastern and southeastern Ghana consists
    sediments of very late Precambrian to Paleozoic age of the Dahomeyan System, comprising mafic and
    are found in the central and northeastern part of the felsic gneisses, the Togo Series with quartzite, shale
    country. Mostly Cenozoic sediments occur in a small and minor serpentinite, and the Buem Group, which
    strip along the coast. consists of shales, sandstones, basaltic to trachytic
    lavas and volcanoclastics.
    3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics Sedimentary rocks of the Volta Basin can be
    subdivided into the following three units: The
    Most Paleoproterozoic strata in West Africa can be Bombouaka Supergroup, the Pendjari (or Oti)
    assigned to the Birrimian Supergroup, which is largely Supergroup and the Tamale Supergroup. These
    subdivided into a sedimentary succession, consisting represent slightly different stratigraphic divisions than
    of phyllites, tuffs and greywackes, overlain by the lower, middle and upper Voltaian subdivisions
    conglomerates, sandstones and shales, and a volcanic previously used in Ghana. The Bombouaka Supergroup
    succession of tholeiitic affinity. These two units were has a thickness of about 1000m and comprises
    originally defined as Lower and Upper Birrimian, dominantly sandstones and soft clay-siliceous
    respectively. It has, however, been demonstrated sediments. The Pendjari (or Oti) Supergroup has an
    that the Lower and Upper Birimian rocks represent average thickness of about 2,500m and rests with an
    a coeval sequence, in which the volcanoclastic erosional unconformity, partly of glacial origin, on
    assemblage is emplaced as a series of evenly spaced various Bombouaka rocks, or directly on crystalline
    volcanic belts. These volcanic belts are several basement. Predominant rock types at the base include
    hundred kilometres long and consist mainly of low- an association of tillite-dolomitic limestone with
    grade metamorphic tholeiitic lavas. From south to baryte-silixite, and in the upper part rhythmic argillites
    north they are named Kibi-Winiba Belt, Ashanti Belt, and siltstones. The Tamale Supergroup has a thickness
    Asankrangwa Belt, Sefwi Belt, Bole-Navrongo Belt of about 500m and is made up in its lower part of clays
    and Lawra Belt. Apart from the most northern Lawra and siltstones, and in its upper part of sandy, coarser
    belt they all trend in a NE-SW direction. These belts continental rocks. This supergroup represents a typical
    are separated by basins containing chiefly isoclinally foreland molasse basin. Age determinations indicated
    folded dacitic, volcaniclastic and argillitic sediments for the Bombouaka Supergroup 1,100-700Ma, and for
    as well as granitoids. In the transition zone between the Pendjari (or Oti) Supergroup 700-600Ma, whereas
    the volcanic belts and the sedimentary basins crop the age of the Tamale Supergroup is controversial.
    out cherts, manganiferous horizons, carbonates and Sometimes it is assigned to the upper Neoproterozoic
    C-rich sediments, considered as typical exhalative to basal Cambrian, or sometimes to the Lower
    facies. After their emplacement, the Birrimian lavas Paleozoic, and thus could be time equivalent to the
    and sediments were folded during the Eburnean Sekondian and Accraian Series developed along the
    tectonothermal event, intruded by various types of Atlantic coast of Ghana.
    granitoids, uplifted and eroded. The erosional products Phanerozoic rock units at several places along
    were deposited as sediments of the Tarkwaian Group in the coast include the Early or Middle Devonian
    a long and narrow intramontane graben, representing Accraian Series, the Middle Devonian to Lower
    111

    4°W 2°W 0°
    BURKINA FASO
    Ghana
    N

    10°N W E 10°N

    Tamale S

    50 0 50 100 km

    COTE D´IVOIRE

    8°N 8°N

    TOGO

    Volta
    Lake

    Kumasi

    6°N 6°N

    Tema
    Accra

    ATLANTIC OCEAN

    4°W 0° 2°E

    PHANEROZOIC PROTEROZOIC
    Sands, clays, gravels Holcene - Shales, sandstones, arkoses, lavas of
    Pleistocene the Buem Formation

    Red continental deposits, mainly Neogene and Quartzites, shales, phyllites of the Togo Neoproterozoic
    limonitic sands, sandy clays, gravels Paleogene Series

    Marine shales, sandstones and Eocene - Acidic and basic gneisses and schists
    limestones Cretaceous of the Dahomeyan Group
    Sandstones, grits, conglomerates, Cretaceous -
    shales, mudstones of the Sekondian Quartzites, phyllites, grits, conglomer-
    Devonian ates of the Tarkwaian Group
    and Accraian Groups
    Metamorphosed lavas and pyroclastic Paleoproterozoic
    PROTEROZOIC rocks of the Upper Birrimian System
    Quartzites, shales, arkoses, (Paleozoic - )
    mudstones, limestones, conglomer- Neoproterozoic Phyllites, schists, tuffs, greywackes of
    ates of the Voltaian Supergroup ( - Meso- the Lower Birrimian System
    proterozoic?)
    PRECAMBRIAN (UNDIFFERENTIATED)
    Basic intrusives (gabbros, dolerites,
    epidiorites)

    Granites and granodiorites

    Fig. 88 Geological overview of Ghana (modified after Anonymous, 1989)

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