1

Cover Page / Title page

Project Report
(Submitted for the Degree of B.Com. Honours in Accounting & Finance
Under the University of Calcutta)

Title of the Project

COMPARITIVE STUDY & ANALYSIS ON

E-BIKE AND PETROL BIKE

Submitted by
Name of the Candidate: SAIKAT BISWAS
Registration No. 412-1111-0451-20
Name of the College: Dinabandhu institution
College Roll No. ECH/0008/2020
Cu Roll No. 201412-21-0067

Supervised by

Name of the Supervisor:

Prof. Chinmay Kanti Goswami
Name of the College: Dinabandhu institution (college)

Month & Year of Submission: July, 2023

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
While conducting the Industry Online Banking Oriented Project, innumerable people have
given me various suggestions and opinions while conducting the Online Banking Oriented
Project. I have tried to incorporate all those suggestions which are really relevant in preparing
my final report. I think it is essential to thank all those who have contributed and helped me
throughout the duration of the project. I pay my immense gratitude to Prof. “Proff. Chinmay
Kanti Goswami”,
Faculty of “dinabandhu institution”, his continuous and deliberate discussion on the topic and
indeterminable burden taken by her in helping me throughout conducting the project.
I would also like to thank my friends who rendered their wholehearted co-operation in the
successful completion of the project work.
Finally, I am thankful to all the people who willingly responded to the questionnaire and their
contribution has been invaluable. This project would not have been completed without their
participation.
I am pleased to state that the whole report is just the presentation of the facts that have been
found during the project through different sources and its each sentence is an exact
representation of the information obtained and the analysis thereof. I hope that I have
manifested my sincere attempts to represent all the information and other things to the best of
my ability.

SAIKAT BISWAS
B.Com 6TH SEMESTER
ROLL NO: - 201412-21-0067
REGISTRATION NO: 412-1111-0451-20
 3
ANNEXURE- IA

Supervisor's Certificate

This is to certify that SAIKAT BISWAS a student of B.Com. Honours in

Accounting & Finance of dinabandhu institution (college) under the
University of Calcutta has worked under my supervision and guidance for
his Project Work and prepared a Project Report with COMPARITIVE
STUDY & ANALYSIS ON E-BIKE AND PETROL BIKE.
Which He is submitting, is his genuine and original work to the best of my
knowledge.

___________________
Signature
Place: Howrah
Name: Prof. Chinmay Kanti Goswami
Date: ____/____/______

Designation: ________________________

Name of the College

Dinabandhu institution college
 4
ANNEXURE- IB
Student's Declaration
I hereby declare that the Project Work with the COMPARITIVE STUDY &
ANALYSIS ON E-BIKE AND PETROL BIKE submitted by me for the partial
fulfilment of the degree of B.Com. Honours in Accounting & Finance
under the University of Calcutta is my original work and has not been
submitted earlier to any other University /Institution for the fulfilment of
the requirement for any course of study.
I also declare that no chapter of this manuscript in whole or in part has
been incorporated in this report from any earlier work done by others or
by me. However, extracts of any literature which has been used for this
report has been duly acknowledged providing details of such literature in
the references.

_____________________
Signature
Name: SAIKAT BISWAS
Registration No. 412-1111-0451-20
Place: Howrah
Date:____/____/______
 5

INDEX
CHAPTER CONTENTS PAGE NO.
CHAPTER - 1 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1
1.2 NEED AND JUSTIFICATION OF THE 1-2
STUDY

1.3 LITERATURE REVIEW 2–3

1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 3

1.5 METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY 3

1.6 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY 4

1.7 CHAPTER PLANNING 4

CHAPTER-2 NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL 5 -7

CHAPTER 3 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS & FINDINGS 8 - 16

CHAPTER 4: 4.1) CONCLUSION 17
4.2 ) RECOMMENDATIONS: 17
CHAPTER 5: 5.1 ) WEBSITES: 18
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Chapter - 1
Introduction
1.1 Background of the study:

Two-wheeler technology has come a long way. We have several options to

choose from, including the recently introduced electric variants. While it is agreed that
non-carbon-based fuel is the way of the future, the technology has not reached full
scalability yet. There are a lot of home-grown automobile manufacturers that are
banking on the electric scooter segment and have also been incentivized by the
government to fast-track their projects.

1.2 Need and Justification of the Study:

Here is a quick electric scooter vs petrol scooter comparison that should help
you make an informed choice:

Factor Electric scooter Petrol scooter

Pricing Electric scooters tend to be more Indians are extremely price-

expensive than their petrol conscious as customers. This
counterparts despite the FAME II is a crucial factor that
subsidy. There are affordable influences a buying decision
electric options, but they have a in favour of petrol scooters as
short operational range, slower they are available across
speeds and inadequate service price points depending on the
centres. The best-rated electric engine capacity.
scooters run on lithium-ion
batteries, which make them
expensive.

Fuel cost An electric scooter will offer the The average petrol scooter
same mileage as a petrol scooter offers about 50-60 kilometres
at 15% of the cost of one liter of per liter. However, some
fuel, making it very pocket- fuel-efficient options can also
friendly over the long-term. deliver up to 100 kilometres
per liter.

Operational Electric scooters are a good Petrol stations are present

range option for short daily use, but across the country; hence, the
they make little sense for long- range of a conventional
distance rides with a limited scooter is virtually limitless.
number of charging stations. This
is bound to improve in the future
 2
but is an important point to
consider currently.

Convenience An electric scooter needs at least Fuelling a petrol bike is much

a couple of hours for a full easier. It only takes a few
charge. Those who live in minutes at the fuel station.
apartment complexes may find it
challenging to power their
scooters. Many electric bikes
come with removable batteries,
but it still is more tedious when
compared to fuelling a scooter.

Maintenance Maintenance issues, if any, are Petrol scooters must be

yet to be highlighted over long- serviced regularly, and worn-
term use. out mechanical parts have to
be replaced.

1.3 Literature Review:

CEO of Tesla, Elon Musk : " I think we might do an electric bike, yeah. In the
coming years, Tesla's product lineup will expand beyond electric sedans and SUVs to
include a pickup truck and a semi-truck, called the Semi. The automaker also plans to
make the Model Y crossover SUV and a new version of its Roadster sports car. I think
we've got the most exciting product roadmap of any company in the world. This will
be heart-stopping. It stops my heart. It's like, oh, it's great. It lacks dignity."

Tata said : “In the last few years, there has been a sea change in the attitude
towards electric vehicles. This industry is changing rapidly and I place good value on
the sound logic and the approach that the team at Tork Motors has taken."

CEO of Tork Motors, Kapil Shelke : "I am glad that Mr Tata’s office
representative visited the (Tork’s) factory, understood the concept, evaluated the
product and had ridden the (electric) motorcycle. Post this, Mr Tata took an informed
decision."

Founder, Revolt Intellicorp Pvt. Ltd. Sri Rahul Sharma : "When we started
developing the product, we had to put together performance, form factor and
aesthetics into a powerful package. We invested a lot of time testing it internally to
make sure we have a winner before sending it to the ARAI. The speedy ARAI
certification is a huge endorsement to our efforts over the last 2 years."
 3
CEO of Ultraviolette Automotive Pvt. Ltd. Narayan Subramaniam : At
Ultraviolette Automotive, we have always believed that for electric mobility to
become mainstream in India, it is important to build and develop vehicles that are
desirable and come with a certain pride of ownership. The genesis of the F77 was
rooted with this single insight. Over the last three years, we have been on an extensive
journey of researching, innovating and developing various prototypes, and the F77 is a
testimony of our vision of building an entirely new ecosystem of electric mobility in
India.

1.4 Objective of the study:

(I) To know the about Electric scooter and Petrol scooter.

(II) To know which company will have to launch the Electric scooter and
which company continue with their Petrol scooter production method.
(III) To get detailed information on Electric scooter throughout different
companies.
(IV) To know which will be the better in future Electric scooter or Petrol
scooter.

1.5 Methodology of the study:

I. Survey Method: Data are usually collected through the use of

questionnaires. The data is collected by mean of sample survey done
through the Whatsapp and Facebook.
II. Area of study: The study is exclusively done in the Local area. It is a
process requiring care, sophistication, experience, business judgment,
and imagination for which there can be no mechanical substitutes.
III. Sampling Design: Non Probability sampling- Convenience sampling
IV. Sample Size: A sample size of 20 response was considered in this
project.
V. Data Collection: Data is collected from various response through virtual
personal interaction. Specific questionnaire is prepared for collecting
data. Data is collected with mere interaction and formal discussion with
different respondents. Some other relevant information collected
through secondary data
VI. Tools of Analysis: Personal interviews, Projective techniques.
Observation of responder.
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1.6 Limitation of the study:

I. Time constraint: As I have one more project of different subject pending

so I get a little time to focus on this project as my focus was distributed
through another project simultaneously.
II. Scarcity of data resources on this project: As Electric scooter is a newly
concern, so I have got opportunity to work on lesser data.(month's data).
III. Fund constraints: I have to bear all the expenses and I don't get any help
from other sources.
IV. Secondary data based: As I have no access to primary or actual data so I
have to work with secondary data and references.

1.7 Chapter Planning:

I. Introduction
II. Conceptual Framework
III. Presentation of Data analysis and Findings
IV. Conclusion and Recommendations
V. Bibliography
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Chapter - 2

National and International scenario of E-bike Vs Petrol-bike

Electric bike (e-bike) is considered a more environmentally friendly mode of transport

compared to the vehicles that consume fossil fuels. However, e-bikes also generate
greenhouse gas emissions to a certain degree. E-bikes can be considered as the fastest-
growing means in the transport market in several regions of the world, e.g.China and
Western Europe. For instance, over 40 million e-bikes were sold in 2015 worldwide
and the selling trends are projected to keep increasing.

The Government of India encourages foreign investment in the automobile sector and
has allowed 100% foreign direct investment (FDI) under the automatic route.

In February 2021, the Delhi government started the process to set up 100 vehicle
battery charging points across the state to push adoption of electric vehicles.

The Ministry of Heavy Industries, Government of India has shortlisted 11 cities in the
country for introduction of EVs in their public transport systems under the FAME
(Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid) and Electric Vehicles in India)
scheme. The Government will also set up incubation center for start-ups working in
the EVs space.

The Indian auto industry is expected to record strong growth in 2021-22, post
recovering from effects of COVID-19 pandemic. Electric vehicles, especially two-
wheelers, are likely to witness positive sales in 2021-22.

E-bikes and bikes have similar size and shape; however, the electric motor introduces
differences in the e-bike performance function. An in-depth understanding of BLOS,
reviewing existing literature on e-bike riding comfort, and exploring the distinction
between bikes and e-bikes characteristics are the core step toward developing ELOS.

E-bikes can be classified based on different criteria such as power, speed, and design.
The provided power of e-bikes can be classified into three types including pure e-
bikes, power-assisted e-bikes (pedelecs), and the combination of the pure and power-
assisted types. In the pure type, the rider does not need the pedalling and the power is
transferred from the battery to the motor by the user controls of the handlebar throttle.
Power-assisted e-bikes (pedelec) are a human-electric hybrid type that helps the rider
when pedalling. This type is equipped with a sensor to measure the pedalling speed
and force or both of them (Muetze & Tan, 2007). The combination of pure and power-
assisted types is considered as the third type. In this type, the driving power of the e-
bike can be controlled either through the handlebar throttle (for the pure type) or it is a
 6
combination of rider and motor power (for pedelecs) (Hung & Lim, 2020). The
European Commission also classified e-bikes based on speed and motor power
including powered bikes and moped as the two main categories of throttle-controlled
e-bikes. The powered bike has speed <25 km/h, and the motor power <1000 W, while
moped has a speed range between 25 and 45 km/h and motor power of 1000–4000 W.
The Speed-pedelecs (S-Pedelecs) require pedalling and can reach speeds over 32
km/h. S-Pedelecs are also classified as mopeds. Also, there is a wide range of
commercial design of e-bikes in the market. They mainly range from bike-style e-
bikes to scooter-style e-bikes (Fishman & Cherry, 2016).

The embedded battery and motor make e-bikes frame heavier than bikes. The
provided power of e-bikes enables riders to reach higher speed. As e-bikes require less
pedalling effort compared to bikes, the riding characteristics differ from bikes. For
instance, e-bike riders can more easily plan for long-distance trips as they need less
physical effort. In fact, as one of the crucial differences between bike and e-bike trips
regard the case of the utilitarian trip purposes. This feature places e-bikes as a
transport mode for commuting purposes which can compete with the motorised
vehicle (e.g. public transport). These differences render the importance of
complementary research domains such as travel behaviour and modal substitution for
providing more insight into the development of ELOS. Simultaneously, the ability to
change and regulate the provided power of e-bikes and switching from an e-bike to a
bike can make it attractive for recreational trip purposes. These e-bike characteristics
which easily can be adopted for different trip purposes make the evaluation process of
riding comfort complex. Speed has been considered as a main indicator in previous
BLOS studies and an in-depth understanding of the influence of speed in riding
comfort is crucial for ELOS development.

Different speed regimes of vulnerable road users reinforce the importance of

understanding the microscopic characteristics of riding (Alsaleh & Sayed, 2020;
Zheng, Sayed, & Guo, 2020). However, there is limited knowledge about the
microscopic navigation of bike and e-bike traffic. This knowledge deficiency leads to
a lack of tools to design and evaluate the cycling system (Hoogendoorn & Daamen,
2016; Mohamed & Bigazzi, 2019). Most methods and theoretical frameworks in the
flow of active transport modes are borrowed from motor vehicle flow and pedestrian
dynamics (Zhang et al., 2014). Bike flow is different from motor vehicle flow, as
characteristics such as speed, acceleration, and deceleration are imposed by the rider's
physical characteristics (Twaddle, Schendzielorz, & Fakler, 2014). LOS discussions
are often considered in the basic flow studies (Botma & Papendrecht, 1991; Navin,
1994). For example, Botma and Papendrecht (1991) stated that the mean speed
evidences the QOS only when the mean speed alters with volume. Navin (1994)
 7
carried out an experimental study on single-file bikes to evaluate bike performance
and claimed that the BLOS should be defined by considering the space around a bike.

After the early flow studies, Botma (1995) introduced the hindrance concept as a new
method to estimate BLOS in off-street facilities. The hindrance concept can be used to
quantify interactions or manoeuvres of road users and consequently estimate BLOS.
This concept is important as it can be used as a proxy of interactions among different
modes (with different speed regimes) in shared mobility. More details and references
on hindrance (including the adoption of the hindrance concept as a proxy for
interactions), bike flow, and associated overtaking mechanisms can be found in
Kazemzadeh, Laureshyn, et al. (2020). It is also worth pointing out that flow data can
be collected in different manners (e.g. under laboratory or naturalistic conditions),
thus the comparison of data should consider this issue while evaluating their validity
and use (Lipinski & Nelson, 1974).

In heterogeneous traffic, overtaking chances increase in relation to the increase in the

proportion of e-bikes, taking into account that the higher speed requirement should be
satisfied by overtaking. Chen, Yue, and Han (2018) reported that widening the bike
lane and applying a speed limit could lead to a lower frequency of overtaking issues
on mixed moped and bike shared facilities. Li, Zhou, Nan, Wang, and Chen (2017)
conducted a study in China and concluded that e-bike riders in mixed flow need more
lateral space for safe riding. Mohammed, Bigazzi, and Sayed (2019) conducted a
study to evaluate the cyclists’ manoeuvres based on the following and overtaking
interactions. They classified overtaking into initiation, merging, and post-overtaking
states. Schleinitz et al. (2017) compared the speed of bikes, pedelecs, and S-pedelecs
through a naturalistic study. They documented that e-bikes reach higher speeds than
bikes and participants aged over 65 years rode significantly more slowly than younger
participants. Kazemzadeh, Laureshyn, Ronchi, D'Agostino, and Hiselius (2020)
conducted a controlled field experiment and applied the hindrance concept to quantify
e-bike navigation in pedestrian crowds. They reported that passing resulted in more
changes in speed and lateral positions for the e-biker compared to the case of meeting.
All of the aforementioned hindrance findings, which partly overlap with LOS studies,
can be used as an indicator for understanding the users’ characteristics in LOS studies.
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Chapter - 3
1. Age Group

OPTIONS Less than 18 18 to 29 years 30 to 44 years 45 to 59 years 60 years and

above

RESPONSE 0 17 13 0 0

17
18

16
13
14

12

10

2 0 0 0
0
Less than 18 18 to 29 years 30 to 44 years 45 to 59 years 60 years and
above
 9
2. Gender

OPTIONS Female Male Prefer not to say

RESPONSE 9 20 0

20

Female Male Prefer not to say

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3. Do you use a bike??

OPTIONS Yes No

RESPONSE 19 17

17

19

Yes
No
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4. Which bike do you use?

OPTIONS E-bike Petrol bike None of them

RESPONSE 3 15 11

NONE OF THEM 11

PETROL BIKE 15

E-BIKE 3
 12
5. Which bike do you prefer?

OPTIONS E-bike Petrol bike None of them

RESPONSE 16 11 3

10%

E-bike
Petrol bike
53%
37% None of them
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6. Which company's Petrol-bike do you prefer?
OPTIONS HER BAJ APPATC SPLEND YAMA HOND TV R KTI ENFIL R
O AJ HE ER HA A S E U ED -
1
5
RESPON 8 5 1 1 6 8 2 1 2 1 1
SE

R-15 1

ENFILED 1

KTIU 2

RE-1 1

TVS 2

HONDA 8

YAMAHA 6

SPLENDER 1

APPATCHE 1

BAJAJ 5

HERO 8

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
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7. which bike is more eco-friendly?

OPTIONS E-bike Petrol bike

RESPONSE 29 1

35

30 29

25

20

15

10

5
1
0
E-bike Petrol bike
 15
8. Which bike is more expensive?

OPTIONS E-bike Petrol bike

RESPONSE 6 24

E-bike
Petrol bike

24
 16
9. which bike has more longevity?

OPTIONS E-bike Petrol bike

RESPONSE 7 23

25

20

15
23

10

5 7

0
E-bike Petrol bike
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Chapter – 4
Conclusion and Recommendation
4.1 Conclusion: -
1. Many people are preferring Petrol Bike for long ride.

2. Many people are not preferring because there is no charging system for e-

bikes anywhere on the road.

3. Petrol prices are increasing day by day, so the demand for petrol bikes is

decreasing

4. E-bikes are ecofriendly so protects the environment.

5. Infrastructure of E-bike is not enough in India, now in terms of

population demand for E bike is less.

4.2 Recommendation: -
1. E-Bikes are Eco Friendly so, E-bike should be used more than Petrol-

Bike.

2. E-Bike infrastructure should be made available in India.

3. Power Stations for E-Bike charging will increase a lot across the India.

4. If possible, Electricity provided from Power Station for E-Bike should be

from Green Energy, Clean Energy, Soler Energy not from the Coal.
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Chapter – 5
BIBLIOGRAPHY

5.1 Website: -

https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/27519/electric-bikes-ind-
vie.pdf

https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/electric-bike-market-
110827400.html

https://www.tatacapital.com/blog/vehicle-loan/electric-scooter-vs-petrol-
scooter-which-one-to-choose/

https://bikeadvice.in/petrol-scooter-or-electric-scooter-3-year-calculation/

https://www.pluginindia.com/blogs/electric-scooter-vs-petrol-scooter-huge-
money-savings

https://www.rushlane.com/electric-scooter-vs-petrol-scooter-12327520.html

https://www.fresheconomicthinking.com/2011/08/electric-v-petrol-scooter.html