Andrea

Mindset 1 Workbook Answer Key
UNIT 1 GRAMMAR IN USE Page 6
VOCABULARY Page 4 1 1 attend 6 didn’t know

2 is showing 7 succeeded
1 Possible answers 3 wanted 8 received
1 too much homework 4 was growing up 9 are working
2 football 5 was building 10 hopes / is hoping
3 afraid
4 he / she is bored 2 1 I will lend you one.
5 he / she hates school 2 Jane is going to help me later.
6 speaking in front of the class 3 I’m sure you will do well.
4 The bus will come any minute!
2 Possible answers 5 The tour will start at 9.30.
1 read it
2 copy from someone else 3 1 had never scored
3 cheat in an exam 2 did … take
4 to learn anything 3 have taken
5 screaming 4 hasn’t turned in
6 was low 5 started, had written
7 ignore it 6 had eaten, got
3 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers. 4 1 I haven’t lived / been living here for very long.
2 He hasn’t been sleeping well lately.
4 1 achieve 5 enforces 3 We have been building it since the first week of
2 lively 6 acquire school.
3 emphasised 7 poverty 4 How long have you been playing together?
4 rolled his eyes 8 turned round
Page 7
Page 5
5 1 have been sitting
5 1 wealthy 2 have been playing
2 today 3 Have … thought
3 emotions 4 hasn’t come up with
4 exactly 300 grams 5 has … explained
5 earlier 6 has been texting
6 1 She is making progress in English. 6 Possible answers

2 I never take for granted how lucky I am to have 1 I am going to do homework with a friend.
such good friends. 2 I went to the beach.
3 People often make fun of Harry. 3 People will live on Mars.
4 Yesterday, our biology class took place 4 I have been playing the piano since I was a child.
outdoors. 5 I haven’t been hiking.
5 Don’t forget to take notes during the lesson.
6 Her explanation doesn’t make sense. 7 1 By the time we left school, the rain had stopped.
7 I don’t take enough advantage of the facilities at 2 I don’t know all my lines by heart. I am learning
the fitness club. them right now.
3 How do you think schools will change in the
7 Possible answers future?
1 have the right books packed in my bag 4 My friends were relaxing while I was revising
2 wrong date for the exam.
3 learn how to play the guitar 5 I’m tired of this weather. It has been raining for
4 any sport two days.
5 their children
8 1 ¿Cuánto tiempo llevas participando en esta
8 1 cheating actividad extraescolar?
2 paid attention 2 Nunca me he saltado una clase.
3 challenges 3 Cuando llegué al colegio, me di cuenta de que
4 disruption se me había olvidado mi trabajo de inglés en
casa.
5 enforced
4 En su antiguo colegio, los niños se burlaban de
6 achieve
ella, pero ahora ella está disfrutando en su
7 demanding nuevo colegio, donde no hay acoso escolar.
8 extra-curricular 5 ¿Te has enterado de que está prohibido fumar
9 revised en este café?
IH-015-443 Mindset 1 Workbook Answer Key Photocopiable © B Burlington Books 1

9 1 Ms Geffen has been the head teacher for two years. 2 1 unique from other buildings
2 This morning, I listened to music while I was 2 individually and in groups
running. 3 student participation / presenting projects
3 We probably won’t win top prize at the science orally / giving talks
fair. 4 created a children’s menu
4 I read the novel Vanity Fair after I had seen a TV 5 will follow School 21’s model
adaptation.
5 Does this calculator belong to you? 3 1 c 2 d 3 a
6 I’ve been working on this assignment since
4 o’clock. 4 1 sets apart 3 rated
2 in depth 4 praise
VOCABULARY Page 8
WRITING Page 10
1 1 on 6 in
2 for 7 about 1 1 I signed up for two very tough science classes.
3 of 8 in Unfortunately, I signed up for two tough
science classes.
4 with 9 on
2 I’m actually enjoying chemistry, because my
5 at 10 for
teacher makes it all seem fun.
Possible answers for continuations I’m enjoying chemistry, because my teacher
1 my homework makes it all seem incredibly fun.
2 information about AI 3 It’s impossible to describe how extremely
3 lying boring my computer programming class is!
4 yours It’s practically impossible to describe how
boring my computer programming class is!
5 people
4 Writing these daily short stories for my English
6 your exam
class has been fairly difficult.
7 her friends
Honestly, writing these daily short stories for
8 magic English class has been difficult.
9 help me
10 our trip yet 2 1 certainly 5 Luckily
2 quite 6 hopefully
2 1 about 6 of 3 barely 7 virtually
2 with 7 for 4 especially
3 about 8 to
4 for 9 on 3 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers.
5 about 10 for
4 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers.
SPEAKING
CHECK YOUR PROGRESS Page 11
3 1 According to the quiz 1 1 obeyed
2 I’m not sure that’s right
2 turned round
3 the quiz says
3 revised
4 I actually think that
4 punished
5 I think that’s correct, because
5 dropped out
4 Possible answers 6 skipped classes
1 the people are in school 7 enforced
2 the students look interested
2 Possible answers
3 students learning
1 of time
4 the students are learning in different ways
2 texts to make plans with their friends
5 two boys working together, a teacher explaining 3 don’t understand what to do
the lesson
4 write an essay
6 two boys making something, the students
5 any extra-curricular activities
listening to the teacher
6 a lot of crime
7 the students in picture A are working on their
own while the students in picture B aren’t 3 1 extra-curricular activities
2 compulsory
READING Page 9
3 take part in
1 1 4 2 2 3 5 4 1 5 3 4 demanding
5 acquire
6 pay attention
7 challenges
8 achieve
2 Mindset 1 Workbook Answer Key Photocopiable © B Burlington Books

4 1 am getting, haven’t finished, am going to text 7 Possible answers

2 broke down, were taking, gave 1 animal testing
3 has been working, has ordered, is going to ask 2 chemistry
4 applied, had known, wanted, don’t feel 3 I listen to music.
4 my insecurities
5 1 I got to school 15 minutes after the exam had 5 taking piano lessons
started.
6 Yes, because it’s fun to travel with a group of
2 My school hasn’t offered music classes for
people.
a year.
7 doing something that I know is wrong
3 I don’t often skip classes.
4 Last night, I was watching a film at 11 o’clock. 8 1 capable of 5 keep on
5 I was listening to music while I was walking
2 enabling 6 installed
home.
3 handle 7 equipped with
6 How long have you been having trouble with
maths? 4 get over 8 cutting-edge
7 The next bus will be here in three minutes.
GRAMMAR IN USE Page 14
UNIT 2
1 1 won’t be doing, will be studying
2 will be closing, will have opened
VOCABULARY Page 12 3 won’t be repairing, will have installed
4 won’t have practised, will have had
1 Possible answers
1 a camera 2 1 won’t be sitting
2 my phone 2 will … have closed
3 photos 3 will have lived
4 ability to talk anywhere 4 won’t have finished
5 emotions 5 will be waiting
6 stay in touch with old friends
7 a video
3 Possible answers
1 will have learned coding
2 Possible answers 2 will be watching my favourite programme
1 I didn’t have a password 3 will have become a famous singer
2 I think it’s boring 4 will be travelling to space for a holiday
3 software 5 will have completed my science project
4 do their work 6 will be playing tennis
5 are the best on the market
6 millions of people will see it
4 1 Will … be living
2 Will … have become
3 1 installed 4 upgraded 3 still won’t have seen
2 deleted 5 browsed 4 will have made
3 backed up 5 will be relying
6 will be using
4 1 no matter how hard it is 7 will be perfecting
2 were glued to her phone 8 will have come up with
3 cheer on the runners
4 as long as it’s not too loud Page 15
5 met each other in person
5 1 I won’t have finished writing the code for the
Page 13 game by tomorrow.
2 Will people be living in the ocean in the future?
5 Possible answers 3 By this time next month, our school will have
1 F – When something evolves, it changes. upgraded the computer labs. / Our school will
2 T have upgraded the computer labs by this time
3 T next month. / By this time next month, our
school's computer labs will have been upgraded.
4 F – If something is meaningful, it is important.
4 By the time he’s 25 years old, I doubt he will
5 F – When you handle a problem, you take care
have started his own company. / I doubt he will
of it.
have started his own company by the time he’s
6 F – Another word for thrilling is exciting. 25 years old.
6 1 speak out 5 give in 5 Jane and I won’t be meeting this Saturday.
2 keep on 6 take over 6 You will have learned how to operate this drone
within a few hours. / Within a few hours, you will
3 pick up 7 get over
have learned how to operate this drone.
4 join up
Mindset 1 Workbook Answer Key Photocopiable © B Burlington Books 3

6 1 Will you have posted your new video by READING Page 17

tomorrow evening?
2 In a few years’ time, I will be studying at
1 1 c 2 a 3 b 4 d
university.
2 1 T – … more than 4,000 people in Sweden are
3 People won’t have moved to Mars by the year “chipped”, primarily for ID and digital access
2030. to buildings.
4 What will you be doing at this time tomorrow? 2 F – … the same as in credit cards and airline
5 By the end of the week, Sue will have arrived. luggage tags … .
3 T – There’s a good chance that they’ll …
7 1 (Para) cuando lleguemos allí, la película habrá monitor our location.
empezado.
4 F – … doctors still don’t know about all the
2 Más gente comprará impresoras 3D en los potential health risks. Can the chips cause …
próximos diez años. nerve damage … ?
3 ¿Un nuevo dispositivo habrá sustituido a los
teléfonos móviles para el año 2050? 3 1 tempting
4 Dentro de un año se habrá marchado de su 2 on my mind
oficina. 3 link
5 La semana que viene a esta hora, estaremos 4 resolved
haciendo nuestros primeros exámenes del año.
5 take into account
8 1 had designed WRITING Page 18
2 was thinking
3 achieved 1 1 Jeff forgot to charge his tablet, so it didn’t work.
4 has … been Because Jeff forgot to charge his tablet, it didn’t
5 are experimenting work.
6 don’t feel 2 The exam will be done on the computer.
7 have been trying / have tried Therefore, this means you will get your score
immediately after you finish.
8 takes
Since the exam will be done on the computer,
9 will be wearing you will get your score immediately after you
10 will have become finish.
3 As many schools no longer offer physical
VOCABULARY Page 16
education, it’s up to parents to make sure that
1 1 strongly opposed their children get enough exercise.
Many schools no longer offer physical
2 highly unlikely
education. Consequently, it’s up to parents to
3 deep trouble make sure that their children get enough
4 well aware exercise.
5 rapid increase 4 There was thick fog. For this reason, it was
6 vast majority dangerous to drive.
7 slight difference Due to thick fog, it was dangerous to drive.
5 School has been cancelled as result of a huge
2 1 river snowstorm last night.
2 low There was a huge snowstorm last night. As
3 Driverless cars are a result, school has been cancelled.
4 not joking
5 easy
2 1 because of, due to
2 For this reason, Consequently
6 Most
3 as, because
7 temporary
4 Therefore, As a result
8 great
5 since, as
SPEAKING
3 1 support 4 against
3 1 I think I’d miss … the most 2 against 5 support
2 I can’t imagine 3 support 6 against
3 Everything would be
4 I’d probably miss 4 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers.
5 it would be really difficult to CHECK YOUR PROGRESS Page 19
6 I couldn’t live without
1 1 no 4 about
4 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers. 2 by 5 take
3 Make 6 up

2 Possible answers 3 1 purchase T-shirts and other merchandise from

1 for students to wear uniforms the band’s website
2 lying 2 brand in jeans is probably Levi’s
3 doesn’t rain 3 displays of items in order to attract customers
4 being rude 4 can get free delivery
5 don’t understand what he means 5 were good value
6 will become a famous actor 6 owes me £50
7 me a refund
3 1 heard of
2 equipped with 4 Possible answers
3 wireless 1 jeans and a Nirvana T-shirt
4 capable of 2 I like shopping in chain stores because there’s
5 artificial intelligence a big selection.
3 I regret buying a pair of boots because I never
6 enables
wear them.
7 emphasise
4 my laptop
8 pay … attention
5 I recycle them.
9 rely on
6 No, it isn’t important to me because I accept
10 So far people for who they are.
4 1 are having Page 21
2 had taken
3 will … believe 5 Possible answers
4 were studying 1 h
e says he’s going to do something and then he
5 were joking / had joked doesn’t
6 is going to cook / cooks 2 mugs and calendars
7 happens / is happening 3 she’s got no money
8 arrives 4 no one would want to buy it
9 are meeting 5 without talking on your phone
10 will have seen 6 of money
7 we haven’t saved enough money
5 1 After I had bought a new laptop, I got a printer. /
I got a printer after I had bought a new laptop. 6 1 billboards 4 check-up
2 My phone battery died while I was talking to 2 credit cards 5 price tag
Sue. / While I was talking to Sue, my phone 3 showroom
battery died.
3 I will have deleted a lot of my old files by 7 1 food 4 millionaire
Monday. / By Monday, I will have deleted a lot of 2 dress 5 happening
my old files. 3 holiday
4 They will be writing code at 2 pm tomorrow. /
At 2 pm tomorrow, they will be writing code. Possible sentences
1 I think homemade food tastes the best.
2 I am going to wear a short-sleeved dress today
UNIT 3 because the weather is sunny.
3 Boxing Day is a well-known holiday in England.
VOCABULARY Page 20
4 She’s a self-made millionnaire who started with
1 Possible answers a small business.
5 Bullying is an everyday happening in my school.
1 order from this website
2 it was too small 8 1 advertising campaigns 5 brands
3 spend too much money 2 homemade 6 well-known
4 the size
3 count on 7 sum
5 wealthy
4 goods 8 good value
6 when your parcel will arrive
7 television adverts GRAMMAR IN USE Page 22
2 1 available 3 expensive 1 1 which 6 whose

2 try on 4 previously worn or used 2 which / that 7 where
Possible sentences 3 where 8 when / that
1 This item is sold out - it's no longer available. 4 who 9 whose
2 Before I buy these jeans, I’m going to try them 5 when 10 who / that
on in the fitting room.
3 She bought that outfit at a high-end shop.
2 2, 8
4 I bought this really cool shirt at a second-hand
shop.

3 1 when / that 9 1 who / that

2 when 2 had failed
3 whose 3 was waiting
4 who / that 4 when
5 where 5 has posted
6 which / that 6 which / that
7 where 7 have … become
8 which 8 will … surprise
9 where
4 1 when many people are in their cars 10 will … try / are … going to try
2 where we reach a large teen audience
3 who / that come into the shop VOCABULARY Page 24
4 which / that we sell
5 whose main buyers are teens
1 1 in case 4 in advance
2 on the whole 5 at the same time
6 which we launched last week
3 without doubt 6 on condition
5 1 I save half of my pocket money, which I get every
week. 2 Possible answers
2 British teens, who spend about £54 a week, add 1 are good value
£1.7 billion to the UK economy every year. 2 wants to buy new furniture
3 The new shop, which is very small, offers unique 3 have to send it back
handmade items. / The new shop, which offers 4 get a good seat
unique handmade items, is very small. 5 can’t afford it
4 Lulu’s Café, where my friends and I used to 6 looked shabby
meet, has closed. 7 haven’t had it for a while
5 I can’t wait until Saturday, when I’m finally
getting a tablet. SPEAKING
6 What is the name of the company whose adverts
say “Just do it”? 3 1 c 2 e 3 d 4 a 5 b
Page 23 4 1 I’m not keen on

2 let’s face it
6 Possible answers 3 You’re probably right
1 in a shop where he sells second-hand books 4 I’m not sure about that
2 when I realised that I wanted to be a ballet
5 the thing is
dancer
6 sounds good
3 where the Colosseum is
7 I think … would work
4 whose … aren’t strict, gets to stay out as late as
she wants READING Page 25
5 who study Latin
6 when I was on my way to meet my friends 1 1 F 2 B 3 C 4 A 5 E
7 that I like best is maths
2 1 c 2 c 3 b
7 1 The shop’s bicycles, which are all second-hand,
are in perfect condition. 3 1 a bank overdraft or a bank loan
2 Thomas, who always wears black, has a distinct 2 W
hen the envelope is empty, you can’t spend
fashion style. any more money on that particular category.
3 A small company offered her a job on the day 3 by not going into overdraft
when she graduated from fashion college. 4 As a result of peer pressure and social media,
4 The company, whose sports clothes are teens may spend more money to fit in.
popular, will soon make jeans as well.
5 Does the shop where you work offer an 4 1 matters 4 guideline
employee discount? 2 overdraft 5 charge
3 work out
8 1 Ofrecemos envío gratis / gratuito a los clientes
cuyos pedidos asciendan al menos a 40 libras. WRITING Page 26
2 Mis vaqueros favoritos, que compré hace solo
un año, me quedan ahora demasiado cortos. 1 1 I know that debit cards are convenient, but I don’t
want one yet.
3 Gracias al seguimiento en línea, sé el día en el
que se supone que llega mi paquete. 2 My phone has a cracked screen. Furthermore,
my phone’s camera stopped working.
4 El libro que estoy leyendo trata sobre cómo las
campañas publicitarias influyen en los 3 Despite the high prices at that restaurant, we
adolescentes. eat there occasionally.
5 Sandra, que es partidaria de apoyar al comercio 4 In addition to a laptop, he’s also got a tablet.
local, nunca compra por Internet. 5 I like having a weekend job. However, I’m falling
behind in my schoolwork.

2 1 While / Although / Even though 3 1 has starred in five James Bond films
2 On the one hand 2 new songs by Adele came out the other day
3 Furthermore / In addition / Moreover 3 relate to the main characters
4 On the other hand 4 will appeal to teens more than adults
5 in spite of / despite 5 tickets for new plays than long-running ones
6 dress is stunning
3 1 for 5 against 7 latest film was a let-down
2 for 6 against
3 against 7 against 4 1 F 2 T 3 T 4 F 5 T 6 F
4 for 8 for Possible answers to false sentences
4 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers. 1 You can compose music on a sheet of paper.
4 You hit the big time after becoming famous or
CHECK YOUR PROGRESS Page 27 successful.
6 A touching scene in a film is meant to make
1 Possible answers people cry.
1 He doesn’t give anyone else a chance to talk.
2 We haven’t done that in a long time. Page 29
3 I’m going to buy a new one. 5 Possible answers
4 I don’t think it was meant for me. 1 What was the reason for the break-up of the band?
5 They’re not comfortable. 2 Are you going to hold onto these clothes?
6 I don’t listen to them any more. 3 Do you think of yourself as an outsider at school?
7 Just show them your receipt. 4 Was the film shot on location?
8 It was a great match! 5 Can you turn up the music?
2 1 conveniently 6 goods 6 Do you think this poster grabs people’s
attention?
2 succeeded in 7 displays
7 Is Amy going to drag you to the museum?
3 knowledge 8 valuable
4 acquired 9 enable 6 Possible answers
5 made decisions 1 million bytes of data
3 1 I haven’t smoked for about six months.

2
3
underestimated the ticket prices
rebuilt many of the same sets
2 Jane, who is very fashionable, shops here all the
time. / Jane, who shops here all the time, is very 4 is overcrowded
fashionable. 5 are underpaid
3 By the time we arrive in New York, it will have 6 didn’t mishear me
taken about nine hours. 7 didn’t misbehave during the play
4 Jim wrote the play, which was excellent.
5 Thomas probably won’t pay me back.
7 1 megastar – e 4 misunderstood – f
2 rethink – d 5 overrated – c
6 After I had painted my bedroom, I got a new
bed and desk. / I got a new bed and desk after 3 underestimate – a 6 refresh – b
I had painted my bedroom.
8 1 came out 6 dreadful
4 1 have existed 2 on location 7 appealed to
2 who / that 3 underestimated 8 hit the big time
3 began 4 stunning 9 composed
4 where 5 audiences 10 remake
5 whose
GRAMMAR IN USE Page 30
6 was working
7 had won 1 1 wasn’t able to 4 don’t have to
8 which 2 may 5 must
9 is undergoing 3 ought to
10 will … remain
2 1 need to submit a short video
2 May … sit here
UNIT 4 3 can’t sing
4 might not appear in the film
VOCABULARY Page 28
5 shouldn’t watch so much television
1 Possible answers 6 mustn’t smoke in the recording studio
1 play 4 song
2 title 5 good
3 sorry 6 programme

3 1 can’t VOCABULARY Page 32

2 might / may / could
3 must / have to / need to
1 1 for 5 of
2 of 6 on
4 should / ought to
3 in 7 about
5 mustn’t
4 to
6 can’t
7 must 2 Possible answers
4 Possible answers

1
2
from studying
on my mood
1 I shouldn’t have wasted my time.
3 with my sister
2 I would have watched you.
4 of hearing loss
3 He should have learned them by now.
5 to the performance
4 She might have been ill.
6 on smoking in restaurants
5 You must have felt disappointed.
7 from the paparazzi
6 He wouldn’t have won the race because he
wasn’t in shape. 8 to open a cinema in our town
5 1 should have been SPEAKING

2 might / may let
3 1 We can’t go without / Let’s take
3 shouldn’t photograph
2 I think we should / We need to
4 may have / might have / could have been
3 Let’s take
5 mustn’t film
4 I think we should / we need to
6 didn’t have to / didn’t need to buy
5 I think we should / we need to / it’s important to
Page 31 6 I think we should / We need to / It’s important to
6 Possible answers 4 Possible answers

1 You must be excited. 1 people are dancing in the street
2 You should sit with us at lunch. 2 they’re making a video
3 I should have taken piano lessons. 3 professional dancers
4 They might have felt embarrassed, but they 4 in very good shape
didn’t show it. 5 performing in front of a crowd
5 I could have volunteered in my community, but 6 music they’re dancing to
I didn’t. 7 street performers
7 1 You must turn on the microphone before you READING Page 33
speak.
2 Could you have understood the film without 1 1 Emma 6 Lynda
subtitles? 2 Jason 7 Jason
3 That girl looks familiar. She might have been 3 Lynda 8 Mark
here before.
4 Mark 9 Emma
4 Sarah needn’t have waited in the queue last
5 Emma 10 Lynda
night.
5 He couldn’t have expected to win. He looked 2 1 c 2 b 3 b 4 d
completely shocked.
3 1 uncredited 4 touches
8 1 Me habría quedado hasta más tarde, pero estaba 2 chorus 5 captures
cansado/a.
3 footage
2 Debo de haber oído / entendido mal el nombre
del / de la cantante. WRITING Page 34
3 Su música podría ser que no te gustara.
4 Debería haber visto la película en una pantalla 1 1 It 4 it, it
grande. 2 them 5 His, he
5 No teníamos por qué haber comprado las 3 that / it, me
entradas por adelantado.
2 1 it 6 This
9 1 who 2 them 7 This
2 has explored
3 their 8 it
3 could / would … have predicted
4 he 9 This
4 when
5 his 10 those
5 shouldn’t / ought not to have gone
6 can / could win 3 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers.
7 was touring
8 didn’t attend 4 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers.
9 whose
10 had impressed

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS Page 35 2 1 unemployment 5 slum
1 1 for 5 by
2 welfare programme
3 prejudice
6 homelessness
7 corruption
2 to 6 on
4 inequality
3 in 7 in
4 of 8 from 3 Possible answers
2 1 outstanding 4 valuable

1
2
protest working conditions at our factory
his shyness
2 slight 5 overcrowded
3 they wanted more money
3 catchy
4 gang involvement
3 1 worth seeing 5 stop bullying
2 lively 6 pay my bills
3 venues
4 Compared with
4 Possible answers
1 There has been an increase in crime.
5 conveniently located
2 There are too many guns.
6 count on
3 They need help.
7 live performances
4 You can either donate money or your time.
8 hit the big time
5 It’s a popular place to hang out.
9 evolved
6 It’s a dangerous neighbourhood.
10 audiences
7 The topic could be anything we wanted.
4 1 She has been directing films for 15 years. Page 37
2 This film must not be downloaded. / You must
not download this film. 5 1 arrived late in the first place
3 MGM, whose symbol is a roaring lion, is one of 2 was extended to finish the project
the world’s most well-known film studios. 3 launched its arts programme five years ago
4 The plane might have been delayed because of 4 forgot to sign the cheque
the weather. 5 one approach to helping people out of poverty
5 By Monday, I will have watched the first few
episodes of the series. 6 1 from far and wide 4 few and far between
2 goes too far 5 not far off
5 Possible answers 3 a far cry from 6 by far
1 should definitely see it
2 couldn’t wake up this morning 7 1 support a cause 6 launched
3 where I can try on clothes 2 homelessness 7 funding
4 I will be going out for breakfast with my friends 3 approach 8 by far
5 last night, when I saw Bruno Mars 4 tackles 9 take action
5 overcoming
6 1 have to / need to / should / must see
2 don’t have to be GRAMMAR IN USE Page 38
3 gained
4 who
1 1 will increase, signs
2 were, wouldn’t walk
5 that / which
3 had told, could have gone
6 reveals
4 won’t get, catch
7 was dealing with
5 hadn’t agreed, would have gone
8 had … hit
6 would move, had
9 mustn’t / couldn’t have been
7 shouldn’t / mustn’t / can’t take, ask
10 approved
2 1 You can see them if you go on Instagram.
2 I would go if I didn’t have to finish two
UNIT 5 assignments.
VOCABULARY Page 36 3 You don’t get it unless you apply for it.
4 I won’t print it until everyone approves the text.
1 Possible answers 5 More people would have come if we had
1 to be home by a certain time at night publicised it more.
2 doctor’s office
3 donate money 3 1 Unless 5 were not
2 would not 6 will
4 the ability to travel
3 would 7 if
5 family
4 had not
6 peer pressure

4 1 If I were you, I would get help for this problem. / SPEAKING
I would get help for this problem if I were you.
2 U ntil her English improves, she won’t be able to 3 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers.
find a job. / She won’t be able to find a job until
her English improves. 4 1 Come to think of it
3 As soon as Joanne arrives, we’ll / we can go out 2 For one thing
to eat. / We’ll / We can go out to eat as soon as 3 There’s no question that
Joanne arrives. 4 It’s hard to say
4 If Alan didn’t have to save money, he would go 5 It would be a good idea to / One way is to
out with us. / Alan would go out with us if he 6 It would be a good idea to / One way is to
didn’t have to save money.
5 They wouldn’t have left the demonstration if it READING Page 41
hadn’t become violent.
6 If the protesters hadn’t covered their faces, the 1 1 the year the movement for street medicine began
police would have been able to identify them. / 2 the number of cities Street Medicine Institute
The police would have been able to identify the has advised
protesters if they hadn’t covered their faces. 3 the percentage of homeless people cured in
Boston of hepatitis C
Page 39
2 1 b 2 d 3 b 4 c
5 Possible answers
1 should get involved 3 Possible answers
2 clean up the mess 1 can kill you
3 would build more bike paths 2 addiction or because they are mentally ill
4 you wouldn’t have missed the beginning of the 3 are equipped like a clinic
film 4 bandage wounds
5 there won’t be any left 5 often don’t go to get treated
6 1 Ellen and I wouldn’t have become friends if we 4 1 entitled

hadn’t gone to the same youth club. 2 seek out
2 You will feel tired unless you sleep well. 3 acute
3 I will text you as soon as I leave the 4 outcomes
demonstration. 5 a drop in the ocean
4 They will have to move if Joe’s dad loses his job
one day. WRITING Page 42
5 Your speech would be more effective if you
made it shorter.
1 1 We need bike paths so as to encourage people to
cycle. / So as to encourage people to cycle, we
7 1 No puedes votar si tienes menos de 18 años. need bike paths.
2 In order to provide teens with more activities,
2 Aprenderás un montón sobre las personas sin
our town is opening a youth club. / Our town is
hogar cuando veas el documental.
opening a youth club in order to provide teens
3 Si yo fuera tú, no haría caso a sus comentarios. with more activities.
4 Habríamos ampliado el programa si hubiéramos 3 Offering a greater variety of organised sports is
recibido más financiación / fondos. the only way to attract more teens.
5 Si la primera ministra cumpliera sus promesas, 4 So as not to disturb nearby residents, the new
la gente no protestaría tan a menudo. dance club will close at 11 pm. / The new dance
club will close at 11 pm so as not to disturb
8 1 have argued / have been arguing nearby residents.
2 could speak up 5 The city built a skatepark so that kids won’t
3 when skateboard on the pavement.
4 had 6 We hang out in the park in order not to spend
5 had lived money. / In order not to spend money, we hang
6 hadn’t protected out in the park.
7 would have happened
8 where 2 1 to / in order to
2 to / in order to
VOCABULARY Page 40 3 to / in order to
4 so as not to / in order not to
1 1 cut down on 4 walk out of 5 so as not to / in order not to
2 catch up on 5 run out of
3 look down on 6 get away with 3 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers.
2 1 came up with 4 looking forward to 4 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers.
2 make up for 5 put up with
3 look out for 6 add up to

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS Page 43 UNIT 6

1 1 slums VOCABULARY Page 44
2 curfew
3 outsiders 1 Possible answers
4 social status 1 in the garden 4 a koala
5 budget 2 in the evening 5 is a Shetland pony
3 of the mountain 6 kill a person
2 Possible answers
1 walk alone in the park at night 2 1 F – It’s dangerous to swim in rough water.
2 you study 2 F – Dawn is the time of day when the sun begins
3 my money to come up.
4 people having guns 3 T
5 you’re late 4 F – When there are fierce winds, wildfires can
spread.
6 this one was easy
5 F – When a river dries up, there’s no water.
3 1 ran out of 6 F - If the temperature rises, it gets warmer.
2 assignment 7 T
3 for a change
4 few and far between 3 1 poacher 4 wilderness
5 vast majority 2 predator 5 tide
6 launched 3 landscape 6 soil
7 underestimated
4 1 releases 4 traps
8 activists
2 rotten 5 sets off
9 tackle
3 play a role in 6 put an end to
10 inequality
Page 45
4 1 shouldn’t / can’t / mustn’t miss
2 may / might never have heard of 5 Possible answers
3 has brought 1 I don’t think I’ll ever go in the ocean again.
4 have been 2 The lake in our city is clean now and people can
5 which go swimming there.
6 has grown / has been growing 3 We won’t go if there’s a storm.
7 has … changed 4 She’s a vegetarian.
8 can / should / ought to watch 5 They have to be protected before they become
9 will disappear extinct.
6 They rescue people from burning buildings.
5 1 The hospital’s nurses, whose wages are low, are
going on strike. 6 1 disappear 4 disconnect
2 If the schools had got government funding, they 2 irresponsible 5 inactive
could have bought new computers. / The 3 illogical 6 unpredictable
schools could have bought new computers if
they had got government funding. 7 1 be impatient
3 She will probably have decided where to 2 disapproves of horse racing
volunteer by Friday. / By Friday, she will 3 illegal to take plants from the nature reserve
probably have decided where to volunteer. 4 invisible organisms
4 Would you help refugees learn English?
5 I would take a gap year if my parents didn’t 8 1 peak 6 set off
object. / If my parents didn’t object, I would 2 rare 7 beyond
take a gap year. 3 rise 8 releases
4 landscape 9 soil
6 Possible answers 5 bushes 10 inactive
1 I had never seen pandas
2 you won’t be able to use it GRAMMAR IN USE Page 46
3 if I hadn’t woken up early
4 have been working really hard 1 1 was … made
5 should have told you earlier 2 had … been thought of
3 couldn’t have been experienced
4 was being built
5 were discovered
6 had previously been known
7 have been told
8 should be taken
9 has been missed

2 1 The landscape has been changed by the new 8 1 Esos nuevos autobuses funcionan con electricidad.
housing developments. 2 Necesito que me acorten mis pantalones.
2 Glaciers are being closely monitored by 3 El examen no se entregará a nadie que llegue
scientists. tarde.
3 Public opinion will be influenced by this 4 A ella no le deberían haber hecho unas
documentary. preguntas tan personales.
4 The road was being repaired earlier today. 5 Se va a dar una clase de seguridad en la
5 The wilderness in this area must be preserved. naturaleza antes de la excursión del colegio.
6 When was that cave first discovered?
9 1 which
3 1 Two mountain villages were destroyed. 2 is … called
2 The rain will have stopped by dawn. 3 would feel
3 Water usage must be limited. 4 have … had / will … have
4 The oil spill still hasn’t been cleaned up. 5 when
5 It is visited by four million people every year. 6 joined
7 was filmed
4 1 Is overnight camping for visitors allowed in the 8 had been posted
national park? 9 can … be watched / is … being watched
Are visitors allowed to camp overnight in the 10 could … have been killed
national park?
2 The wrong directions were given to us by the VOCABULARY Page 48
guide.
We were given the wrong directions by the 1 Possible answers
guide. 1 it freezes
3 Have the horses been given water? 2 for advice
Has water been given to the horses? 3 I was doing homework
4 Free summer classes are being offered to teens 4 extinct animals
by the natural history museum. 5 she isn’t friendly
Teens are being offered free summer classes by 6 food and blankets
the natural history museum. 7 the storm
5 Runners will soon be sent further information
about the marathon. 2 1 bring up 5 stay on
Further information about the marathon will 2 give up 6 turn up
soon be sent to runners. 3 bring forward 7 turn away
4 stay over
5 1 I am having / getting it repaired today.
2 He finally had / got it checked yesterday. SPEAKING
3 We must have / get them cut as soon as possible.
4 Where did you have / get it styled?
3 1 c 2 b 3 a 4 e 5 d
Page 47
4 1 What do you think of
2 I’d rather
6 1 had / got … created, is enjoyed 3 would be a better idea
2 s
hould have been submitted, isn’t / won’t be 4 I don’t think we should
rejected 5 I suppose you’re right
3 couldn’t be done, had to be completed 6 Then what about
4 have just fallen off, have / get … checked 7 Shall we choose
8 OK, so we’ve agreed
7 1 More than 10,000 African elephants are killed by
poachers every year. READING Page 49
2 Next week, bushes will be planted all around
the new building. 1 1 c 2 d 3 a 4 b
3 Three lost hikers were rescued over the
weekend.
2 1 They are both flightless birds / descendants of
dinosaurs / theropods.
4 Water is being offered to runners along the
2 It can spot predators 3.5 kilometres away. / Its
route.
kick can kill a lion.
5 When are you going to have / get your eyes
3 They light up the caves.
checked?
4 The eruption was loud enough to be heard in
Australia.
5 They all use technology.
3 1 spot
2 walk in the footsteps of
3 drained
4 flow

WRITING Page 50 UNIT 7

1 1 spectacular, breathtaking VOCABULARY Page 52
2 rugged, bumpy
3 unique, unmatched 1 Possible answers
4 dense, impenetrable 1 It’s a risky venture.
5 moderate, mild 2 It looks threatening.
3 She didn’t hesitate.
2 1 spectacular, breathtaking 4 We need to speed up.
2 rugged, bumpy 5 He looks suspicious.
3 moderate, mild 6 I can deal with the problem on my own.
4 spectacular, breathtaking
2 Possible answers
3 1 experienced 3 steep 1 driving too fast 5 pay more attention
2 numerous 4 narrow 2 are violent 6 I don’t need them
3 it’s hard to see 7 she has got a headache
4 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers. 4 in Barcelona
5 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers. 3 1 play it safe 5 shake with fear
2 play with fire 6 struggle
3 daredevil 7 live on the edge
1 1 glued to 4 outcome
2 entire
3 stay away
4 Possible answers
1 It’s reckless not to wear a helmet when you ride
4 predict
a motorcycle.
5 homeless
2 Our ancestors were born before us.
6 rebuild
3 She avoids using lifts because they make her
7 risky
nervous.
8 few and far between
4 I’m willing to go with you, so you won’t have to
9 took place ask someone else. / I’m not willing to go with
10 deadly you, so you’ll have to ask someone else.
2 1 hiking at dawn 5 She didn’t get a reward for cheating in the

exam.
2 you don’t want to hold onto these books
6 It’s unfair to treat boys and girls unequally.
3 am still searching for a pair of sunglasses that
I like Page 53
4 completing a marathon was beyond his ability
5 illegal to make campfires in this park 5 Possible answers
1 We both love sport.
3 1 about 5 away 2 touching something hot
2 up 6 away 3 take chances that are dangerous
3 out 7 over 4 playing the piano
4 about 5 It was happy.
4 1 have … seen 6 snakes
2 should / ought to look 6 Possible answers
3 measure 1 It’s beyond belief.
4 have been cut out of
2 It’s beyond repair.
5 are caused
3 It was beyond description.
6 which
4 I’m certain beyond a doubt.
7 doesn’t / can’t survive
5 It’s beyond hope.
8 may / might / could / will be
6 It was beyond my expectations.
9 were made
7 It’s beyond our control.
5 Possible answers 7 Possible answers
1 would go to Hawaii
1 that she would go to the top of the Eiffel Tower
2 will be visiting my grandparents in London
2 was unbelievable
3 were taken by my sister
3 we might have to cancel our plans if it rains
4 it repaired
4 fix it
6 1 I would have gone swimming if it hadn’t been cold. 5 stunned
2 Our school is having new computers installed. 6 the best in the country
3 We’ll go on a hike unless it’s too hot. 7 he’ll be accepted to university
4 It was pouring while the tent was being put up.

8 1 beyond hope 6 skilled Page 55

2 slow down 7 avoid
5 1 The sales assistant told me that those skis were
3 hazardous 8 suspicious on sale for half price.
4 end up 9 rewards 2 “I can find my way without a navigator,” William
5 hesitate insisted.
3 My mum wanted to know if / whether I had
GRAMMAR IN USE Page 54 remembered to bring my swimsuit.
1 1 I reminded my mum that I wouldn’t be home for 4 The teacher reminded us that our projects were
dinner that night. due the next / following day / the day after.
2 Jack wanted to know if / whether there was 5 The police officer ordered them not to ride their
a fee for camping there. bicycles on the pavement.
3 Susan announced that she was applying to the 6 Emma asked how long I had been scuba diving.
academy the next / following day to become 7 “The concert didn’t start on time,” John
a firefighter. complained.
4 My driving instructor advised me to slow down.
5 The guide said that he / she had led several
6 1 Andrew told me that he was tired. / Andrew said
to me that he was tired.
treks in Nepal.
2 Leslie wanted to know what time the ski lesson
6 The TV presenter announced that the lost
started.
mountain climbers had been found and rescued
3 My friends suggested that we try parasailing.
that afternoon.
4 The instructor asked whether any of us had
2 1 admitted that he was afraid to swim in the ocean ever tried surfing before.
2 promised that she would be in touch while she 5 Our coach told us not to eat too much that
was away the following month / the month night.
after.
3 wondered if / whether I / we had ever thought
7 1 Nos pidió que usáramos / utilizáramos el
sentido común.
about learning how to sail
2 Sam nos recordó que fuéramos cautelosos /
4 suggested getting / that I / we get a bigger
prudentes cuando hiciéramos ciclismo por las
backpack for the trek
carreteras de montaña allí.
5 warned us / me / them not to ice-skate on that
3 Ella prometió que esos ejercicios fortalecerían
lake
mis / las piernas.
6 mentioned that she had been reading about
4 Él anunció que nunca volvería a bucear.
a man who had trekked across Antarctica
5 Ella quería saber por qué yo creía que su idea
3 Possible answers sería un proyecto arriesgado.
1 getting curry
2 not to leave their homes
8 1 were surfing
2 didn’t hesitate
3 that it was too expensive
3 to call
4 not to go into the water
4 where
5 that she had borrowed it without asking 5 had been caught
6 to turn it down 6 which
4 Possible answers

7 had been
8 who
Greg told Lisa that Lori wanted him to take
9 had been protected
a hot-air balloon ride with her the following week.
He admitted that the idea terrified him. Lucy 10 weren’t
explained that she had heard it was quite safe. But
VOCABULARY Page 56
she suggested that they go skydiving instead. Greg
wanted to know if Lisa was kidding. Lisa said that
of course she was.
1 1 convinced 4 disturbed
2 challenged 5 distressed
Lucy wanted to know why Adam liked rock
3 alarming 6 fascinating
climbing so much. Adam explained that he
enjoyed the physical challenge. He added that it
had also improved his ability to concentrate. He
2 1 powerless 3 thoughtful
2 painless 4 useful
offered to take her one day if she were interested.
Lucy admitted that she had a fear of heights, so
she didn’t think rock climbing was for her.
3 1 endless 6 motivated
2 shocking 7 frustrating
3 helpful 8 wonderful
4 comforting 9 fearless
5 frustrated

SPEAKING CHECK YOUR PROGRESS Page 59
4 1 I think … because 1 Possible answers

2 Another reason is that 1 when I do research
3 I agree with you 2 computer … it’s very slow
4 In addition / What’s more 3 don’t go out
5 What’s more / In addition 4 loud noise
5 I’ll need to get help
5 Possible answers 6 I ride my bike
1 someone rock climbing
2 are athletic 2 1 prepare for 4 terrifying
3 because the man is climbing indoors while the 2 add up to 5 proof
woman is climbing outdoors 3 few and far between 6 put up with
4 it’s harder to climb the rock in picture B
5 rock climbing can be dangerous 3 1 rewards 5 demanding
2 outcome 6 dreadful
READING Page 57 3 hesitate 7 struggle
4 bravery
2 1 B 2 E 3 G 4 F 5 D 6 C 4 1 were sitting, stole
2 haven’t seen, came back
3 1 T – Participants may choose to do a solo … . 3 had known, would have bought
2 F – In 1933, forced out by the Nazis, Hahn fled 4 will be provided, get
to Britain.
3 F – Lawrence Holt, a student’s father who owned
5 1 I should not have got involved.
a shipping company … . 2 Tina reminded me that we were meeting Lena
the next / following night / the night after.
4 F – the term for a ship or person departing on
a journey … 3 I would have gone to the cinema if I hadn’t been
tired. / If I hadn’t been tired, I would have gone
5 F – Whether a few days or several weeks …
to the cinema.
4 1 fosters 4 takes full charge 4 I am having my DNA analysed (by a company).
2 stamina 5 gets through 5 Dozens of villages were destroyed by the
3 taking on tsunami.
WRITING Page 58 6 1 Would … risk 5 was locked

2 who 6 had never been
1 1 After a few months of playing in the team, 3 thought 7 not to do
I eventually scored my first goal. / I eventually 4 which 8 will … be known
scored my first goal after a few months of playing
in the team.
2 While I was studying, my neighbour knocked on UNIT 8
the door. / My neighbour knocked on the door
while I was studying. VOCABULARY Page 60
3 In the beginning, I didn’t understand the rules
of the game. / I didn’t understand the rules of 1 Possible answers
the game in the beginning. 1 a horror film 4 animal sounds
4 The police finally arrived 20 minutes after I had 2 wear sunglasses 5 illness
called them. 3 I’m honest.
5 I knew it was risky to hike there during the night.
2 1 mystifying 5 suspect
2 1 At first 4 when 2 play a prank on 6 perceive
2 Then 5 The next morning 3 gullible 7 deceptive
3 As soon as 4 liar
3 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers. 3 Possible answers

1 joke 4 truth
4 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers. 2 real 5 nicely
3 magician’s 6 the facts
4 Possible answers
1 many mistakes
2 I hear noises in my house at night
3 close my eyes
4 do my homework
5 the menu
6 they hear funny noises at night
Page 61 7 1 He admitted deceiving the public.
5 1 approached 4 scam
2 My friend suggested that we tour the haunted
castle.
2 glamorous 5 targeted
3 This optical illusion has been seen by millions
3 showed up 6 pops up
of people.
6 1 loud and clear 5 sooner or later 4 Playing a prank isn’t always a good idea.
2 now and then 6 give or take 5 He wasn’t wearing a disguise when the police
arrested him.
3 sick and tired 7 up and down
4 pick and choose 8 1 Cerrar un ojo hace que la fotografía / el cuadro
parezca completamente diferente.
7 1 give or take 5 loud and clear
2 Si no hubiera visto esto por mí mismo/a, no lo
2 up and down 6 sooner or later habría creído.
3 sick and tired 7 pick and choose 3 Ella prometió que no gastaría más bromas.
4 now and then 4 ¡No quiero oír otra sarta de mentiras!
8 1 sooner or later 6 disguised 5 Es difícil de creer esa historia.
2 scam 7 misleads 9 1 who
3 pop up 8 exploits 2 moving
4 deceptive 9 fall for 3 had … cheated
5 spot 4 to get
GRAMMAR IN USE Page 62 5 where
6 might / would … be taken
1 1 to write 7 to sell
2 practising 8 would give
3 Performing 9 making / to make
4 to include / including 10 couldn’t / weren’t able to spot
5 believing 11 will … be considered
6 to tell
VOCABULARY Page 64
2 1 to film
2 lying 1 1 bluff 4 book
3 to watch / watching 2 liar 5 mirrors
4 Clicking 3 doubt 6 path
5 solving 2 1 with a pinch of salt
6 to go 2 a pack of lies
3 1 b 2 b 3 b 4 a 3 bend the truth
4 smell a rat
4 1 Sam doesn’t like going / to go to art museums. 5 pull the wool over my eyes
2 It’s impossible for some people to perceive the 6 tall stories
colours in this photo. 7 something fishy
3 I remember leaving my keys on the table.
Possible answers for continuations
4 I am willing to explain why we played that
1 are old myths
prank.
2 was at another party
5 The magician stopped performing live in 2015.
3 want to get into trouble
6 Do / Would you mind closing the window?
4 fake
5 1 going / planning 6 which 5 copied from someone else
2 is 7 have / need 6 we know he’s exaggerating
3 did 8 would 7 nervous whenever we looked at him
4 has 9 if / whether
SPEAKING
5 Had 10 being
Page 63
3 1 I can remember
2 when I was about
6 1 This strange picture was drawn by M.C. Escher. 3 That could be true
2 The magician asked us not to make any noise. 4 I doubt that
3 It is easy to learn this simple card trick.
4 Jenny is having her hand read now.
5 The film, whose plot involves ghosts, has got
some terrifying moments.
6 This circus stopped using animals in its acts 20
years ago.

4 Possible answers 2 1 a tendency to stay awake at night

1 a It sounds like fun. 2 terrified by the film / when they saw the film
b I don’t want to learn magic. 3 isn’t hunted by many predators / hasn’t got
2 a I really want to see that band, so it’s worth many predators
it to me. 4 is overrated
b This band won’t be performing again for 5 he’s deceiving us
a long time.
3 a I thought he was very entertaining. 3 1 stunning 6 petrified
b I loved the show! 2 haunted 7 turn up
4 a There are some really great shows on TV. 3 shaking 8 a far cry from
b There are so many interesting and 4 gruesome 9 dawn
educational programmes on TV. 5 thrilling
5 a She usually cancels at the last minute.
b she promised to help out
4 1 was … hidden
2 had placed
6 a it’s so funny
3 which
b He’ll love it!
4 is made
READING Page 65 5 attracting
6 grabbed
1 1 Arthur 6 Isabelle 7 wouldn’t have happened
2 Isabelle 7 Trevor 8 hadn’t done
3 Lance 8 Arthur 9 weren’t planning
4 Trevor 9 Trevor 10 didn’t look
5 Lance 10 Arthur
5 Possible answers
2 1 b 2 c 3 a 4 d 1 you to buy things you don’t need
2 if she had passed
3 1 happened to be 4 field 3 won’t be prepared for the exam
2 joy 5 smoothly 4 have been caught in traffic
3 contrary to 5 was being driven by my sister
WRITING Page 66 6 1 They are being shown some tricks by the
magician.
1 1 We took our seats in the auditorium where 2 Emily could not have played that prank.
everyone was waiting. Then the magician came
out. 3 You don’t have to lie about your marks.
2 People in the audience were quite excited 4 I will have finished the course by the end of
June. / By the end of June, I will have finished
because they were going to see their favourite
the course.
band.
5 I don’t feel like taking part in tomorrow’s
3 The fans of both teams were wearing hats and
meeting.
waving flags in their team colours while they
were sitting on opposite sides of the stadium. 6 The magician said that he / she would point at
the correct number then.
2 1 This movement, which started in the 1960s, uses
geometrical forms to create optical illusions
based on the way the human brain perceives
Exam Preparation
lines, shapes and colours.
2 After the tour was over, we walked through the USE OF ENGLISH 1
gift shop, where some of the kids bought
souvenirs. Page 70
3 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers. 1 1 demanding 5 knowledge

2 assignments 6 lively
4 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers. 3 education 7 curricular
4 emphasises 8 disruption
2 1 of 5 far
1 Possible answers 2 had 6 going
1 You’re driving too fast. 3 has 7 in
2 I don’t believe him. 4 been 8 with
3 It was fascinating.
4 She’ll be angry if you do. USE OF ENGLISH 2
5 We’ll have to be careful for the rest of the holiday.
6 I’ll have to walk or ride my bike. Page 71
1 1 B 3 C 5 D 7 B
2 D 4 B 6 A 8 C
2 1 not as user-friendly USE OF ENGLISH 6

2 denying me access to
Page 75
3 as long as
4 spoken out 1 1 A 3 D 5 C 7 B
5 am well aware of the 2 C 4 B 6 A 8 B
6 no matter how busy
7 highly unlikely to rain 2 1 have 5 to
8 will keep on teaching 2 which 6 who / that
3 were 7 are
4 where 8 about
USE OF ENGLISH 3
Page 72
USE OF ENGLISH 7
1 1 whose 5 who
Page 76
2 is 6 in
3 where / as 7 have 1 1 is beyond a doubt the
4 will 8 been 2 he ended up
3 have (got) nothing in common
2 1 am short of cash / money 4 lived on the edge when
2 out of date clothes
5 you do not slow down
3 a few euros in case
6 played it safe
4 good value for
7 cannot deal with
5 is out of the question
8 cannot bear his
6 on the whole not
7 at a glance 2 1 challenging 5 hazardous
8 in advance to 2 enthusiasm 6 threatening
3 tempted 7 expectations
USE OF ENGLISH 4 4 hesitation 8 willing
Page 73
USE OF ENGLISH 8
1 1 live performance was
2 will appeal to teens more Page 77
3 turn up the volume / turn the volume up 1 1 C 3 A 5 D 7 A
4 is worth seeing 2 D 4 B 6 B 8 D
5 to a revolution in
6 couldn’t relate to 2 1 pulling the wool over our
7 have an impact on 2 us to show up
8 hit the big time 3 not have fallen for
4 they are being misled
2 1 B 3 B 5 B 7 C 5 been sick and tired
2 C 4 A 6 D 8 D 6 giving her the benefit of
7 had played a prank
USE OF ENGLISH 5 8 his costumes made now and
Page 74
READING 1
1 1 got away with Page 78
2 I have caught up with
3 to support a cause 1 A 2 C 3 A 4 C 5 D 6 B
4 would not put up with
5 is by far the
6 not have cut down on READING 2
7 have gone on strike
Page 80
8 unless we do something
1 1 b 2 a
2 1 activists 5 funding
2 demonstrations 6 homeless 2 1 T – banning solo mountaineers
3 risky 7 inequality 2 T – If you think overtourism … is good for
4 action 8 wealthy business, then you’re mistaken.
3 1 waiting a long time, the climbers reached the top

of Everest
2 Venice is built on water, it’s gradually sinking

4 1 There is environmental damage and parts of the 3 1 Because sometimes they haven’t done a better
mountain are eroding. job at restoring art than Cecilia.
2 the local businesses such as restaurants and 2 Because good things happened to the town after
shops Cecilia’s restoration.
5 1 summit 4 packed 4 1 when they saw the restored painting

2 feat 5 mistaken 2 some people in Borja might still be unemployed
3 revenue
5 1 depicted 3 nostrils
6 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers. 2 brighten 4 rocketed

READING 3
Page 81 READING 7
1 E 2 G 3 A 4 F 5 C 6 B Page 85
1 1 c 2 b
READING 4
2 1 T – What had once been a green, fertile
Page 82 rainforest … .
2 F – They started off by planting legumes … .
1 C 3 B 5 B 7 C 9 B
3 F – The mangrove tree … was almost wiped out
2 A 4 D 6 A 8 D 10 A
by intensive agriculture.
READING 5 3 1 Because there was nothing on the land. / Because

the trees stood on infertile land.
Page 83 2 Because it helps to restore ecosystems. /
Because trees store greenhouse gases which
1 1 b 2 b reduce global warming.
2 1 T – This levels off at $200,000 per year, as there 4 1 cutting down trees, land was created for cattle
is no further rise in happiness reported after 2 planting the trees incorrectly, they did not
that amount. survive
2 F – … refers to the lack of enjoyment we feel 3 are being restored in countries other than Brazil
towards the more mundane or everyday
things in life. 5 1 counteract 3 wiped out
2 make sure 4 store
3 1 no longer being wealthy, Callie is happier
2 was arrested in 2017 6 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers.
4 1 Possible answer: Because they want to live it up
all the time. READING 8
2 Money changed their lives for the worse.
Page 86
5 1 levels off 4 behind bars
1 1 b 2 a
2 live it up 5 well-being
3 in no time 2 1 F – A lot of common phobias … have been around
long before scientists started researching
6 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers. them.
2 F – … they’re perfectly content to have someone
take it of them.
READING 6
3 T – It hasn’t been proven why this is … .
Page 84
3 1 They gave the names to many phobias.
1 1 c 2 b 2 He read about Internet phobias on the Internet.
2 1 T – Noticing it had seen better days … 4 1 the Romans to study fear

2 F – Museum officials did not imagine that the 2 set off fear in sufferers of trypophobia
mother would end up looking very different
once the restorers had finished. 5 1 evolved 3 come across
3 T - … it had unintended outcomes in the town 2 bizarre 4 clustered
of Borja.

LISTENING 1 5
01
Page 87
1 H
i, Mark. It’s Carol. Sorry I haven’t answered your call. Last weekend, I was on holiday in Budapest, which
was great, but when I paid my hotel bill with my credit card, the receptionist accidentally charged €50,000
instead of the local currency. She noticed immediately, apologised, put the money back on my card and
charged the correct amount, so I didn’t think there was a problem. When I got home, I received a message
from my bank saying I owed them £1,000. They charge a percentage each time you use the card abroad, so
they charged me when the €50,000 was deducted from my card and then when it was returned. I’m sure I’ll
get the money back, but at the moment, I’m in debt!
2 Lily: What’s wrong, Paul?

Paul: I’m bored. There’s nothing to do here on campus.
Lily: There are loads of things to do. You just need to know where to find them. Last week, I had Turkish
coffee and Moroccan cakes in a coffee shop here on campus.
Paul: Why? Is the owner of the café from Turkey?
Lily: No, but a student from Turkey gave the owner some Turkish coffee cups as a present because she
loves the café so much. So, the owner asked her to organise a special evening about Turkish coffee.
While we were all enjoying the coffee, some other students came in. They had been on holiday in
Morocco and had brought back some cakes. We had an amazing evening!
3 H
i, Sue. I’m ringing up about our hike on Friday. The hostel in the mountains is fully booked, so we need to
find another place to stay. We could book the hostel for another time and hope we get good weather. Or,
another alternative is this other hostel in another area with great places to hike. We could get there early, do
a hike and stay overnight. We’d still need to leave early on Friday, and we’d get back on Saturday as planned.
So let me know what you think.
4 Man: Mmm … something smells good.

Woman: I hope you like it. It’s chicken and pumpkin in a coconut milk and curry sauce.
Man: Wow! That sounds amazing! Where’d you get the idea from?
Woman: Well, my friend was telling me that she started to use a lot of pumpkin in her cooking. It’s tasty
and healthy for you.
Man: So, did she give you the recipe?
Woman: She told me about a pumpkin curry, but I wanted to make it a bit more special, so I searched for
recipes online. I found lots of recipes, so I took a few ideas from different ones and put them
together to make my own original dish.
5 Girl: How was your first day at work in the restaurant?

Boy: Not exactly how I’d expected. I thought I would be washing dishes all day, but at lunch, the manager
asked me to help the waiters because there were so many customers.
Girl: That’s definitely more interesting than washing dishes.
Boy: Yes, but serving food is hard work. I couldn’t rest for even a minute. Luckily, the crowds left after an
hour, and I was sent back to the kitchen. But then I had to chop vegetables. Talk about boring! And the
chef got angry when I cut them too thick or too thin. I was glad to get back to washing dishes. At least
no one shouts at me there.
6 Woman: OK, turn left here.

Man: I can’t – the road’s closed.
Woman: So, just carry on to the next turn and we’ll get back to where we should be. … Not here! It’s
a one-way street! Didn’t you see the sign?
Man: I saw it. I wasn’t going to turn there. Oh, no! Now we have to turn right here. How are we going to
get back to the hotel?
Woman: It’s alright. Look, there’s a petrol station. We can turn round there, drive past the first turn that was
closed and then find another road to turn into after that.
Man: OK, let’s see what happens.
7 C
ome to Green Kilos, the supermarket that cares about the environment. We don’t use any single-use plastic
in our shop. Whatever you want to buy, you have to bring your own containers. Fill up your shampoo and
cleaning products bottles from our refillable 10-litre tanks. We clean and refill our containers each day and
can provide sell-by dates for you to note down for whatever you buy.
All our fruit, vegetables and dairy products come from local farms and are delivered daily, so you are
guaranteed fresh products. Save money and save the planet. Come and shop at Green Kilos today.

B8 Girl: What are you looking at?
Boy: It’s a message from Emily. She’s on holiday in Australia, and she’s posted some photos from the Cage
of Death.
Girl: What’s that?
Boy: It’s a plastic box that you get into and then go under the water in the middle of a pool, where there’s
a giant five-metre-long saltwater crocodile! You spend 15 minutes down there! The crocodile can see
you in the box, so it comes up very close to you, hoping to get a meal. I’d be scared to death, but I’m
sure Emily loved it. She’s not afraid of anything!
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Page 88
Presenter: My guest today is Colin Harris, an architect, who is here to tell us about an interesting development
in Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia. Before you do that, Colin, could you give our listeners some
background about Jakarta?
Colin: Yes, of course. Jakarta is one of the most populated cities in Southeast Asia, with a population of
over ten million in the city itself and about 30 million in the greater urban area. As with so many
cities of its size, it suffers terribly from pollution and overcrowding. In 2019, it was named as
Southeast Asia’s most polluted city. Air-monitoring sites found that the air quality could only be
described as good on 26 days of the year, these being during the rainy season. In addition, the
World Health Organisation found that levels of PM2.5, one of the most dangerous pollutants, were
over four times higher than the recommended maximum.
Presenter: So, what is the government doing about this?
Colin: Well, city officials have stated that 30% of the city should be given over to green spaces in order to
provide areas where residents can escape from the pollution, but at the moment, the actual figure is
only around 10%. Land is scarce because millions of people are attracted to the city from rural areas
looking for work.
Presenter: But I understand there may be a solution to this problem.
Colin: Possibly. The idea is to build more high-density accommodation, or in other words, tower blocks.
However, richer residents who live in houses with gardens don’t want to give up their land, so it’s
important to find somewhere they can have the same standard of living without valuable space being
wasted. Cosmo Park will, perhaps, be able to offer a solution.
Presenter: So, what is Cosmo Park and why is it special?
Colin: Cosmo Park is a housing development of 78 two-storey houses. It was built ten years ago and its
residents love it. There are quiet, safe streets where children can play and ride their bikes. There is
a real sense of community because everyone knows each other, and there are facilities such as
a swimming pool and tennis courts which the residents can use. Although it’s ten years old, little
was known about it outside of Jakarta until earlier this year when a drone flew overhead and
photographed it. The photos were retweeted thousands of times, and suddenly Cosmo Park became
a big news story.
Presenter: OK, but what makes Cosmo Park different from other neighbourhoods?
Colin: Well, it’s built on top of a shopping centre. Access to the neighbourhood is only available to
residents who have a special card to allow them to the tenth floor of the mall on foot or even by car.
That means it’s entirely safe, and although the air can’t be described as clean, it’s certainly cleaner
than at ground level.
Presenter: And do the residents feel safe?
Colin: Very. There’s a wall surrounding the entire neighbourhood to ensure that no one falls off the
building. Knowing that your children can’t wander off and get lost provides security for its residents.
The residents can access shops, restaurants and entertainment centres without leaving Cosmo Park,
a great benefit during the rainy season or when traffic congestion is really bad.
Presenter: So, how does this help the city as a whole?
Colin: Well, Jakarta is home to about 170 malls altogether, so there are many more opportunities for
similar developments elsewhere, and as I said, this will free up land which is currently used for
low-density housing.
Presenter: Thank you, Colin, for coming on our show today.
Answers
1 30 million 3 rainy 5 tower blocks 7 tennis courts 9 restaurants

2 most polluted 4 green spaces 6 78 8 card 10 170

LISTENING 3 5
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Page 89
Speaker 1: We were staying in a house in a small village but decided to go to a restaurant on our first evening.
It didn’t look very special and we were the only customers, but the woman working there was
friendly and explained what the dishes on the menu were. I chose mushroom soup to start. It was
delicious and took me back to my childhood and the thick homemade soups that my grandmother
used to make. We ended up eating there every night, which was a bit extravagant, but we couldn’t
have cooked such incredible food ourselves.
Speaker 2: I love going abroad and trying new dishes, but usually we go to places like Spain or Italy, and the
menus are easy to understand. Last year, we went to China and decided to avoid international
restaurants with bilingual menus. We can’t read Chinese, but ordering was easy. We just pointed at
random items on the menu. Some were delicious and very reasonably priced. Other times, we
weren’t so lucky! I’m afraid I can’t tell you what we had, just that every evening was an adventure,
and we had a lot of fun meeting locals and trying to communicate with them.
Speaker 3: I love tapas because I love trying lots of different things. My parents are the same, and I still
remember tapas meals with them from family holidays to Spain when I was a child. We found an
incredible restaurant where you ticked the items you wanted on a special form. Luckily, we had our
phones to translate items we didn’t understand. The place was packed, and I was amazed they
didn’t get confused with all the orders. The food was delicious, and we came away completely full
for a fraction of the price of a normal meal.
Speaker 4: Before eating out, we always check online reviews and are rarely disappointed. On a recent holiday,
we read about a small restaurant which had an incredibly inexpensive lunch menu. Unfortunately, we
arrived too late to take advantage of it, but the food was excellent, so we didn’t worry too much
about the price. When we’d finished our main course, the owner’s mother came to our table with
a homemade cake with the word “Welcome” written on the plate in chocolate sauce. It made
a wonderful meal a perfect one.
Speaker 5: T
here was one meal that I’ll never forget. It was at a self-service restaurant, but there were several
different counters with different items on them and different places to pay. The staff weren’t very
friendly and kept shouting at us because we were in the wrong queue. We finally got what we
wanted and sat down, but it was quite embarrassing because everyone was staring at us! At least we
didn’t pay much, although probably more than the meal was worth. The food was OK but certainly
not as good as a home-cooked meal.
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Page 90
Interviewer: Today, we have Emily Harding with us, the author of Garden Gastronomy. Emily doesn’t try to keep
her garden perfectly tidy and weed free. On the contrary, she encourages all sorts of plants to grow
that most people would dig up. Welcome, Emily. So tell us – why do you like weeds?
Emily: Well, simply, many of the weeds that grow naturally are edible and can be used in cooking. In fact,
they’re not only edible but often very nutritious and full of flavour.
Interviewer: When did your interest in edible weeds start?
Emily: It started when I was on holiday in Eastern Europe. My husband and I stayed in a small guest house
in a village. We’d had a very stressful year trying to run our own business, so we spent a year
grabbing snacks and eating takeaways at our computers. Not a very healthy lifestyle! When the
business finally collapsed, we had no idea what to do with our lives, so we booked this holiday to
give ourselves two weeks to think.
Interviewer: So, did the two weeks help?
Emily: Definitely. From the moment we arrived, we knew we’d be happy there. The hostess, Lilya,
welcomed us with some lovely home-cooked food. As we hadn’t eaten since breakfast, it was very
welcome. We then spent the evening sitting outside, watching the sun going down, with only the
sounds of insects and frogs to disturb the silence. The next morning, we went downstairs for
breakfast, and to our surprise, there was a plate of flowers on the table. They were nasturtiums.
Interviewer: Nasturtiums? Can you just describe them in case our listeners aren’t sure what they look like?
Emily: Yes, the flowers are lovely bright colours and they have large, round leaves. On the table, though,
were just the flowers. We thought it was some kind of decoration, but Lilya indicated that we
should eat them. My husband and I thought she was joking. However, we did try the flowers and
they were delicious. Over the next two weeks, we had the most amazing food and herbal teas,
almost all of which Lilya had grown herself.

Interviewer: So, what happened after you left Lilya’s?

Emily: Well, on the plane home, I kept thinking of different ideas for a new business – selling natural
foods, opening a café … lots of things. My husband wasn’t at all keen on trying to set up
a business after our previous experience, but he suggested I try writing a blog about edible plants.
That seemed more realistic, so that’s what I did. Fairly soon, I had a huge number of followers, and
I was approached by a publishing company to write a recipe book.
Interviewer: Which comes out next week, I believe.
Emily: hat’s right. So, at the moment, the company is trying to publicise the book as much as possible,
T
and I spend my days being interviewed on radio and television. I’m as busy as I was when I was
running the business, and I’m travelling much more. The good thing, though, is that because of
the book, I am taken to vegetarian and vegan restaurants, so at least I’m not slipping into bad
eating habits again.
Interviewer: Before we say goodbye, can you tell our listeners about some of the weeds and plants you use in
your recipes?
Emily: f course. Well, let’s start with the dandelion, that pretty yellow flower. You can eat the leaves,
O
especially from younger plants. They’re no more difficult to prepare than lettuce. Just use the raw
leaves in a salad instead of using plastic-wrapped, chemically grown lettuce from the supermarket.
And while not everyone finds them tasty, at least they’re free!
As well as recipes, my book contains photos to make identifying the different plants easier and
information about which plants you need to be careful with. It’s important to research any plants
before you eat them because there are poisonous weeds as well as edible ones.
Interviewer: T
hank you, that’s a useful reminder. So, listeners, to make sure you stay safe and healthy, buy
Garden Gastronomy by Emily Harding, which comes out next Monday.
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Presenter: Today, we are talking about the history of cycling, so it’s only natural that we’ve invited our guest
Aggie Simons, who comes from a country where there are more bicycles than residents! Of course
I’m talking about the Netherlands. Welcome, Aggie. So, why is cycling so popular in the Netherlands?
Aggie: Well, cycling has always been popular in the Netherlands. The land is very flat, so it’s easy to cycle
even if you aren’t in great shape. The first bike path in the world was built in the Netherlands in
1885, when the only things cyclists needed to look out for on the roads were horses. However, in the
1950s and 60s, with the increase of cars on the roads, less space was given to cyclists. Then, in the
early 1970s, a campaign started called Stop the Child Murder. It was initiated by a journalist whose
child had been killed in a road accident. At the same time, the price of petrol was rising rapidly, and
the government decided to invest a huge amount of money in more bike paths and changed the law
to give cyclists priority on roads.
Presenter: Can you give us some figures about the number of people who cycle?
Aggie: We’re the only country with a total of more than one bike per person. About 27% of all journeys in
the country are made on bikes and, obviously, in cities that number is much greater. I think
Amsterdam leads the way with 38% of all journeys made on a bike. There are about 35,000
kilometres of bike paths throughout the country, and that is in addition to road space which is for
cyclists’ use.
Presenter: That all sounds very impressive, but the government isn’t fully satisfied, is that right?
Aggie: Yes. The government thinks that even more journeys could be made by bike. In some cities, 30% of
the population cycle to school or work every day, and others use public transport. However, over half
of all car journeys are under eight kilometres in distance. These are the journeys the government
would like to reduce.
Presenter: Apart from the fact that people enjoy the comfort of travelling by car, especially when it’s raining, are
there any other reasons why people are reluctant to cycle?
Aggie: Yes, unfortunately, the popularity of cycling is leading to problems of congestion, not on the roads
but on bike paths. They’re becoming so crowded that bicycle crashes are becoming more frequent.
This isn’t only because of overcrowding, though, but also because more cyclists are becoming
careless. Furthermore, there aren’t enough safe parking places for bikes.
Presenter: Can you give us some examples of careless cycling?

Aggie: Yes, cameras set up on bike paths to observe people’s behaviour have shown that 20% of cyclists use
a mobile phone while cycling, although many are just listening to music. Many cyclists pass other
cyclists without looking, and a few have been seen cycling in the wrong direction. As a result of all
this, about 1,000 cyclists end up in hospital each year, far fewer than as a result of car accidents, but
still too many. Of course, cyclists are more careful on roads, but on bike paths, they can sometimes
be too relaxed.
So, the government is now addressing some of these problems. It’s expanding the bike path network
and building new “superhighways” for bikes where they’re most needed. These will allow up to 15
people to cycle side by side. There are also huge multi-storey bike parks being built, including one in
Utrecht with 12,500 spaces.
Presenter: Do you cycle here in England?
Aggie: I do, but it isn’t as enjoyable as in the Netherlands. There are often no bike paths, or there’s just
a narrow section for bikes that’s usually full of holes or parked cars. Drivers often don’t seem to
notice you and get too close when overtaking cyclists.
Presenter: Well, let’s hope our government takes some tips from the Dutch. Thank you for coming, Aggie, and
have a safe journey home.
Aggie: Thank you.
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Page 92
Presenter: Today, we are talking about starting a business, a trend that’s growing among many workers. There
are about six million businesses in the UK, and those that have an owner but no employees have the
biggest growth. These are small businesses which make up 76% of all businesses. So, if you’re
thinking of setting up a business of your own, you’re not alone, and our guest, an accountant whose
name is Melanie Jackson, is here to give you some ideas and advice. Welcome, Melanie.
Melanie: Thank you for having me.
Presenter: I believe you’re going to start off with a word of caution to our listeners.
Melanie: es, I don’t want to discourage people, but only around 20% of all businesses survive their first year,
Y
and only around half of these survive their first four years. In some cases, this might be because their
owners have closed them and moved onto something else. Perhaps they’ve made a fortune and no
longer have to work. More likely, though, is that they’ve got into debt or were earning so little that it
was better to go back into salaried employment.
Presenter: What are the main difficulties of starting a business?
Melanie: Well, according to our research, the biggest problem is creating a customer base. Advertising costs
a lot of money, and if there’s a lot of competition, the only way to successfully enter the market is to
offer an unrealistically low price. However, on a positive note, if you understand the potential of
social media as a marketing tool, you’ll have a definite advantage over many people who don’t know
how to take advantage of social media. Another problem is the cost of running a business. Although
a lot of small businesses are run from home without the cost of rent, owners still have to buy
equipment, pay an accountant and set up a professional-looking website, among other things.
Presenter: So, now after you’ve pointed out some of the difficulties of setting up and running a business, can
we hear something encouraging?
Melanie: es. There have been some amazing successes by people who were able to identify a gap in the
Y
market and exploit it before any competition appeared. This is the real challenge – to identify
a product or service that people need but isn’t being offered.
Presenter: Interesting. So, can you tell us about someone who has actually started with almost nothing and
become a success?
Melanie: es. I’ll tell you about Pierre Omidyar, who worked as a computer programmer. In 1995, he decided
Y
to sell things from his website, which he called AuctionWeb. The first item he sold was a broken laser
pointer. He couldn’t believe that someone would buy something that was broken, so he asked the
buyer why he wanted it. It turned out that the buyer had a collection of broken laser pointers. Pierre
realised that almost any item could be of interest to someone in the world, and all he had to do was
find them. He was soon earning more from his website than his job.
Presenter: I haven’t actually heard of AuctionWeb. Is it still active?

Melanie: es, but Pierre changed the name of the company in 1997. It’s now called eBay. Have you ever heard
Y
of it?
Presenter: OK, that’s definitely a success story. Thank you, Melanie. Please stay with us until after the news to
answer listeners’ questions.
Melanie: I’d be delighted.
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Presenter: Getting in shape is important to a lot of us, but some people are reluctant to join a gym. So why is
this? They may feel intimidated to expose their lack of physical ability or their not-so-perfect body in
a place that aspires to having the perfect body. Our guest today manages a gym, and he encourages
anyone who wants to join a gym to do so. Welcome, Jason. It’s good to have you here.
Jason: Thank you. I’m glad to be here.
Presenter: So, what’s your advice to someone who wants to join a gym but is hesitant?
Jason: Well, I would say to try and hire a personal trainer, at least for the first few weeks. Obviously, hiring
a trainer is costly. However, if you don’t know how to do floor exercises or how to use the machines
correctly, you will, at best, not get much benefit from doing them, and, at worst, you could actually
do some serious harm to yourself. In a fitness class, the instructor demonstrates the various
exercises, but in a large class, they may not be able to see if you’re doing the exercise correctly. Of
course, people around you may help, but it won’t be professional help. A personal trainer will not
only keep a close eye on you but also understand exactly what you’re capable of and ensure you
don’t push yourself too hard.
Presenter: OK, so if you can afford it, hire a personal trainer. But should people not join a gym if they can’t hire
a personal trainer?
Jason: No, of course not. Even without a trainer, you can get into shape at the gym. In this case, though,
I would say start slowly. My motto is “Less is more”. I’ll give an example of this by talking about
press-ups, or, as some people call them, push-ups. People whose arms aren’t strong enough tend to
make the mistake of going down on their stomachs and then lifting themselves up again. By doing
this, they aren’t using their arm muscles properly, but they may be able to do ten press-ups. In my
opinion, two press-ups done correctly would be much more beneficial, and they’d soon find that their
arms are getting stronger.
Presenter: OK, listeners, remember less is more. Can you give us some other useful tips?
Jason: Yes, certainly. First of all, don’t have unrealistic expectations. When you see people in great shape,
you have to remember that they’ve probably spent hours and hours in the gym. Remain focused
on gradually reducing your body fat, strengthening your muscles and increasing your metabolism.
I would also say that it’s important to vary the exercises you do, both to make going to the gym
more fun and also to strengthen different muscles each time. You could also combine going to the
gym with activities such as cycling or swimming, especially if your knees are giving you problems.
Finally, I often see people on exercise machines watching TV on one of the screens, and I think that if
they can concentrate on the programme, they aren’t really working hard enough. I realise that it can
help pass the time, but if you want to maximise your workout, ignore the screens. Perhaps try
listening to music instead.
Presenter: Well, thank you very much, Jason. I hope some of our listeners will be encouraged to sign up at their
local gym after this interview.
Jason: Thank you.
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Presenter: Welcome to our programme That’s Life. With us is biologist Simon Clark, who has some fascinating
information about an unusual creature – the tardigrade. Welcome to our programme, Simon.
Simon: Thank you.
Presenter: So, what can you tell us about tardigrades?
Simon: Well, they were first discovered in 1773 and have fascinated scientists since their discovery. These
millimetre-long animals, also known as water bears and moss piglets, have got eight legs, a long,
plump body and a head which looks a little like a baby pig.
Presenter: And why are they interesting?
Simon: ell, they’re as vulnerable as any small creature when faced with danger or extreme conditions, but
W
they have an amazing ability – they can go into a state called cryptobiosis. Their heart rate, blood
flow, breathing and so on reduce to about 0.01% of normal. They dehydrate and curl up into a ball
and are actually more dead than alive. They can remain like this for years. In 2016, scientists revived
two of these creatures that had been in this state for over 30 years.
Presenter: So, how do they come back to life?
Simon: They just need water. After a few hours, they are back to normal and carry on as if nothing had
happened. Even more extraordinary is that scientists have found that they don’t age while they are in
their dehydrated state. Therefore, if the creatures are a year old when they go into it, they are still
a year old when they are finally brought back to normal.
Presenter: That is unbelievable! So, is it true that there are tardigrades on the moon?
Simon: he simple answer is yes and no. Tardigrades aren’t native to the moon. However, in 2019, an Israeli
T
spacecraft, carrying, among other things, dehydrated tardigrades, crashed onto the surface of the
moon.
Presenter: Excuse me, but why was it carrying tardigrades?
Simon: ell, the creatures’ dehydrated state allows them to survive almost anything. They’ve been tested
W
and found to be unaffected by temperatures from -200° to +150° centigrade. They can survive
immense pressure, far greater than you would experience at the bottom of the deepest ocean and
a vacuum such as you find in space. So, taking the tardigrades in their dehydrated state into space
would have enabled scientists to carry out more experiments on them. Of course, the idea was for
them to return, not to have an unanticipated landing on the moon.
Presenter: So, now there may be little tardigrades running around on the moon?
Simon: ell, no. As I said earlier, they need water to revive, and there’s no water on the moon. So, there may
W
be dehydrated tardigrades scattered over the moon’s surface, but until someone finds them and
brings them back to Earth, they’ll remain in that state. At the moment, no one knows where the
spacecraft crashed. It would be fascinating to find some of the creatures and see if they could be
revived, but I think it would be cheaper to send another spacecraft with more of them on board and
hope that, this time, nothing goes wrong.
Presenter: Very interesting. Thank you for coming to speak to us, Simon.
Simon: Thank you.
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Page 95 Page 97
SPEAKING 1 SPEAKING 3
1 POSSIBLE ANSWERS 1 POSSIBLE ANSWERS
1 In picture A, the man is trying to decide what 1 In both pictures, the people are drawing.
product to buy, and in picture B, the woman is 2 The pictures are similar because the people are
deciding whether to accept or reject designing something. In picture A, the man is
a marriage proposal. designing clothes, and in picture B, the woman
2 In picture A, there are too many choices, and in is designing a house.
picture B, it’s a major life decision. 3 I think people benefit more from having
3 The decision to accept a marriage proposal is a house designed, because a house is your
much more important than buying a product. home.
4 N
o, it’s good to have a lot of choices as long as 4 I think designing homes and buildings is more
you are able to make a decision and choose the interesting, because I am interested in different
one that suits you. periods of architecture and am thinking of
becoming an architect.
5 I would tell the man to buy something that gives
him the best value for his money, and 5 I would rather learn to design buildings,
I would tell the woman to listen to her heart. because I enjoy looking at the architecture of
old buildings.
2 Accept all logical and grammatically correct
answers. 2 Accept all logical and grammatically correct
answers.
answers. 3 Accept all logical and grammatically correct
answers.
Page 96
Page 98
SPEAKING 2
SPEAKING 4
1 POSSIBLE ANSWERS
1 In both pictures, people are doing an activity
1 POSSIBLE ANSWERS
that they enjoy. In picture A, they are playing 1 In the photo, the little girl doesn’t want to put
volleyball for exercise and fun, and in picture B, back what she has taken from the shelf.
the man is doing a puzzle for relaxation. 2 Both are angry and upset.
2 The activity in picture A is physically 3 I think the woman should explain to the little
challenging, whereas the activity in picture B girl why she can’t take things without
is mentally challenging. permission and insist that she put back what
3 For the activity in picture A, you need to have she has taken.
hand-eye coordination and to move fast. For the 4 I think the little girl will listen to her mother.
activity in picture B, you need to have 5 Parents have to explain to their children that
a good vocabulary and know a lot of trivia. they can’t always get what they want.
4 I think both activities are equally important,
because your physical health is just as 2 Accept all logical and grammatically correct
important as your mental health. answers.
5 They can help people relax and feel less
anxious. 3 Accept all logical and grammatically correct
answers.
answers.

answers.

Page 99 Page 101
SPEAKING 5 SPEAKING 7
1 POSSIBLE ANSWERS 1 POSSIBLE ANSWERS
1 In both pictures, the houses are close to one 1 In both pictures, the people are deciding what
another and close to the sea. to buy.
2 In picture A, the houses are near the sea and 2 The people are in a bike shop in picture A, and
there are mountains in the background, and in in picture B, they are at a market.
picture B, the houses are on a mountain 3 In picture A, they are shopping for a bike, and
overlooking the sea. in picture B, they are shopping for fruit and
3 In picture A, the people probably spend more vegetables.
time indoors because of the cold climate. In 4 When shopping for a bike, people should
picture B, the people probably spend more time consider the quality, the features and the price.
outdoors because the weather is mild. When choosing fruit and vegetables, people
4 In picture A, they can go skiing in the should consider the quality, whether it’s fresh
mountains, whereas in picture B, they can go and the price.
swimming in the sea. 5 People need bikes to get around and for sport,
5 I think a place that is similar to picture B, whereas fruit and vegetables are an important
because I prefer warm weather and being close part of our diet.
to the sea. 6 People shop for bikes when they need to
replace a bike that is broken or has been stolen,
2 Accept all logical and grammatically correct whereas people shop for fruit and vegetables at
answers. least once a week.
3 Accept all logical and grammatically correct 2 Accept all logical and grammatically correct
answers. answers.
Page 100 3 Accept all logical and grammatically correct

answers.
SPEAKING 6
Page 102
1 POSSIBLE ANSWERS
1 In the photo, the girl has woken up late. She SPEAKING 8
probably did not hear her alarm clock go off.
2 She probably feels anxious. 1 POSSIBLE ANSWERS
3 She is thinking that she is going to be late for 1 In picture A, the people are at home, whereas in
work or school. picture B, they are outdoors in a park.
4 She should get out of bed and get ready 2 In picture A, they’re a family, whereas in picture
quickly. B, they are friends.
5 She will get dressed right away and leave the 3 They are having breakfast in picture A, and in
house without eating breakfast. picture B, they are having a picnic.
4 They are having a better time in picture B.
2 Accept all logical and grammatically correct Everyone is smiling and speaking with one
answers. another.
5 P
eople eat together because it’s a fun way to
3 Accept all logical and grammatically correct get together.
answers.
answers.

answers.
WRITING 1-8
Pages 103-105

Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers.

Translation Exercises UNIT 5

Page 126
UNIT 1
1 If there were less unemployment in our town,
Page 126 there would be less homelessness.
2 If there is no funding this year, the animal
1 You have not been paying attention in class. shelter will close.
2 He has skipped classes three times so far. 3 I’ll call you as soon as I leave the demonstration.
3 We had made sure everyone could participate 4 I wouldn’t have gone out last night if I had
before we bought the tickets. realised there was a curfew.
4 I forgot what to say during my speech because 5 People go on strike if they don’t receive fair
I hadn’t learnt the poem by heart. wages.
5 I was taking notes while the teacher was
explaining the story.
UNIT 6
UNIT 2 Page 126
Page 126 1 Many wild animals didn’t survive the deadly fire.
2 Nothing can be grown in this soil.
1 At this time tomorrow, we will be meeting in
3 Endangered animals are being trapped by
person.
poachers in many areas of the world.
2 We are going to update our computer programs
4 When the weather cools down, I’m going to have
this month.
the house painted.
3 This video will go viral quickly.
5 I think they should be given a medal for their
4 Be careful or social media will be taking over all admirable bravery.
your free time.
5 Don’t worry - I will handle the problem.
UNIT 7
UNIT 3 Page 127
Page 126 1 He admitted that his behaviour had been

reckless.
1 My first job was in a chain store, where I became 2 They warned us not to play with fire.
the manager.
3 I wanted to know whether people were pleased
2 This advertising campaign, which uses colourful with the outcome of the meeting.
billboards, is directed at young people.
4 My friend told me that she had been shaking
3 My grandfather, who was a self-made with fear while she had been waiting to go BASE
millionaire, lived in poverty as a child. jumping.
4 I’ll always remember the moment when I first 5 He announced that the main road was
saw her and knew at a glance that I would marry hazardous and advised everyone to stay away
her. from it.
5 Are you the person whose credit card was stolen
in our shop?
UNIT 8
UNIT 4 Page 127
Page 126 1 I don’t like playing pranks on people.

2 We decided to give him the benefit of the doubt
1 You should have gone to see the remake of the and offer him another chance.
film – it was worth seeing.
3 He suddenly stopped showing up to meetings.
2 I think I might have misunderstood your
4 I’m petrified when I am alone in the dark.
instructions.
5 I tried to call his bluff, but I didn’t succeed.
3 They must have underestimated the number of
people who were interested in participating
because the room was overcrowded.
4 We might find a solution to this problem in the
next few days.
5 I have to rethink my decision before I can give
you an answer.

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Mindset 1 Workbook Answer Key

UNIT 1 GRAMMAR IN USE Page 6

VOCABULARY Page 4 1 1 attend 6 didn’t know

6 1 She is making progress in English. 6 Possible answers

IH-015-443 Mindset 1 Workbook Answer Key Photocopiable © B Burlington Books 1

2 Mindset 1 Workbook Answer Key Photocopiable © B Burlington Books

4 1 am getting, haven’t finished, am going to text 7 Possible answers

Mindset 1 Workbook Answer Key Photocopiable © B Burlington Books 3

6 1 Will you have posted your new video by READING Page 17

4 Mindset 1 Workbook Answer Key Photocopiable © B Burlington Books

2 Possible answers 3 1 purchase T-shirts and other merchandise from

2 1 available 3 expensive 1 1 which 6 whose

Mindset 1 Workbook Answer Key Photocopiable © B Burlington Books 5

3 1 when / that 9 1 who / that

Page 23 4 1 I’m not keen on

6 Mindset 1 Workbook Answer Key Photocopiable © B Burlington Books

3 1 I haven’t smoked for about six months.

2 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers.

3 1 can’t VOCABULARY Page 32

5 1 should have been SPEAKING

6 Possible answers 4 Possible answers

8 Mindset 1 Workbook Answer Key Photocopiable © B Burlington Books

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS Page 35 2 1 unemployment 5 slum

Mindset 1 Workbook Answer Key Photocopiable © B Burlington Books 9

6 1 Ellen and I wouldn’t have become friends if we 4 1 entitled

10 Mindset 1 Workbook Answer Key Photocopiable © B Burlington Books

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS Page 43 UNIT 6

Mindset 1 Workbook Answer Key Photocopiable © B Burlington Books 11

12 Mindset 1 Workbook Answer Key Photocopiable © B Burlington Books

WRITING Page 50 UNIT 7

2 1 hiking at dawn 5 She didn’t get a reward for cheating in the

Mindset 1 Workbook Answer Key Photocopiable © B Burlington Books 13

8 1 beyond hope 6 skilled Page 55

14 Mindset 1 Workbook Answer Key Photocopiable © B Burlington Books

SPEAKING CHECK YOUR PROGRESS Page 59

4 1 I think … because 1 Possible answers

WRITING Page 58 6 1 Would … risk 5 was locked

3 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers. 3 Possible answers

16 Mindset 1 Workbook Answer Key Photocopiable © B Burlington Books

4 Possible answers 2 1 a tendency to stay awake at night

3 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers. 1 1 demanding 5 knowledge

2 1 not as user-friendly USE OF ENGLISH 6

3 1 waiting a long time, the climbers reached the top

18 Mindset 1 Workbook Answer Key Photocopiable © B Burlington Books

5 1 summit 4 packed 4 1 when they saw the restored painting

6 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers.

READING 5 3 1 Because there was nothing on the land. / Because

2 1 T – Noticing it had seen better days … 4 1 the Romans to study fear

Mindset 1 Workbook Answer Key Photocopiable © B Burlington Books 19

2 Lily: What’s wrong, Paul?

4 Man: Mmm … something smells good.

5 Girl: How was your first day at work in the restaurant?

6 Woman: OK, turn left here.

20 Mindset 1 Workbook Answer Key Photocopiable © B Burlington Books

1 30 million 3 rainy 5 tower blocks 7 tennis courts 9 restaurants

Mindset 1 Workbook Answer Key Photocopiable © B Burlington Books 21

22 Mindset 1 Workbook Answer Key Photocopiable © B Burlington Books

Interviewer: So, what happened after you left Lilya’s?

Mindset 1 Workbook Answer Key Photocopiable © B Burlington Books 23

24 Mindset 1 Workbook Answer Key Photocopiable © B Burlington Books

6 1 She is making progress in English. 6 Possible answers

6 1 Will you have posted your new video by READING Page 17

2 Possible answers 3 1 purchase T-shirts and other merchandise from

6 1 Ellen and I wouldn’t have become friends if we 4 1 entitled

2 1 hiking at dawn 5 She didn’t get a reward for cheating in the

3 1 waiting a long time, the climbers reached the top

5 1 summit 4 packed 4 1 when they saw the restored painting

6 Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers.

READING 5 3 1 Because there was nothing on the land. / Because

2 1 T – Noticing it had seen better days … 4 1 the Romans to study fear

5 Girl: How was your first day at work in the restaurant?

3 Accept all logical and grammatically correct

Page 100 3 Accept all logical and grammatically correct

3 Accept all logical and grammatically correct

Page 126 1 He admitted that his behaviour had been

Page 126 1 I don’t like playing pranks on people.