Practice Questions

Session 2022-23
Class XII
Mathematics (Code-041)

Time Allowed: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:
1. This Question paper contains - five sections A, B, C, D and E. Each section is
compulsory. However, there are internal choices in some questions.
2. Section A has 18 MCQs and 02 Assertion-Reason based questions of 1 mark each.
3. Section B has 5 Very Short Answer (VSA)-type questions of 2 marks each.
4. Section C has 6 Short Answer (SA)-type questions of 3 marks each.
5. Section D has 4 Long Answer (LA)-type questions of 5 marks each.
6. Section E has 3 source based/case based/passage based/integrated units of
assessment (4 marks each) with sub parts.

SECTION A
(This section comprises of Multiple-choice questions (MCQ) of 1 mark each.)
Q.No Question Marks
Q.1 Shown below is the graph of a function f(x) whose domain is R – (-1,1). Some portion of
the graph is hidden behind the star. 1

Which of the following is f(x)?

A. tan-1 x
B. cot-1 x
C. sec-1 x
D. cosec-1 x
Q.2 P and Q are matrices such that both (P + Q) and (PQ) are defined. 1

Which of the following is true about P and Q?

A. P and Q can be any matrices but of the same order.

B. P and Q must be square matrices of the same order.
C. P and Q must be square matrices not necessarily of the same order.
D. Order of P and Q must be of the form m × k and k × n respectively, with no
condition on m and n.

Q.3 1

Under which of the following conditions will |A| be equal to 0?

i) a - 2p = b - 2q = c - 2r = 0
ii) x = y = z = 0
iii) a : b : c = x : y : z

A. only ii)
B. only i) and ii)
C. only i) and iii)
D. all - i), ii) and iii)

Q.4 If abc = 2, what is the value of the determinant below? 1

A. -48
B. -24
C. 48
D. (cannot be found without the values of a, b and c)

1
Q.5
 For what value of k is the function f continuous at x = 0?

A. 4
B. 1
1
C. 4
1
D. 8

Q.6 What is the integral of the following expression? 1

A. − tan 𝑥 + 𝐴, where A is a constant.

1
B. − tan 𝑥 − 𝐵, where B is a constant.
1
C. tan 𝑥 + 𝐶, where C is a constant.
2
1 1
D. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 − 𝐷, where D is a constant.
𝑥

Q.7 What is the value of the following integral? 1

A. -4
B. -2
C. 0
D. 4

Q.8 Which of the following is CLOSEST to the area under the parabola given by y = 4x2, 1
bounded by the x-axis, and the lines x = (-1) and x = (-2)?

A. 6 sq units
B. 8 sq units
C. 9 sq units
D. 12 sq units

Q.9 Which of the following differential equation has an order of 2 and a degree of 3? 1
 A.

B.

C.

D.

Q.10 Following is a differential equation. 1

𝑑𝑦
= 4𝑒 3𝑥
𝑑𝑥

7
If y(0) = , which of the following is a particular solution of the differential equation?
3

4 4
A. 𝑒 3𝑥 − 𝑒7
3 3
29
B. 12𝑒 3𝑥 − 3
4
C. 𝑒 3𝑥 + 1
3
5
D. 4𝑒 3𝑥 − 3

Q.11 1
 A. only ii)
B. only iii)
C. only i) and ii)
D. all - i), ii) and iii)

Q.12 1

A.

B.

C.

D.

Q.13 1
 A. 8
B. 4
C. 2
D. 0

1
Q.14 A line makes an angle of 135° with the positive direction of the x-axis, and an angle of
300° with the positive direction of the y-axis.

Which of the following could be the angle it makes with the negative direction of the z-
axis?

A. 45°
B. 60°
C. (Such a line does not exist.)
D. (A unique angle made with the z-axis cannot be determined.)

Q.15 1

A. -9
B. -8
C. 7
D. 8

Q.16 A linear programming problem (LPP) along with its constraints is given below. 1

Minimize: 𝑍 = 3x + 2y

Subject to:
5x − 10y ≥ 0
x + y ≤ 1
 x ≤ 4
x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0

Which of the following is true about the above LPP?

A. It has no solution.
B. It has a unique solution.
C. It has two distinct solutions.
D. It has infinitely many solutions.

Q.17 M and N are two events such that P(M|N) = 0.3, P(M)= 0.2 and P(N) = 0.4. 1

Which of the following is the value of P(M ∩ N')?

A. 0.8
B. 0.12
C. 0.1
D. 0.08

1
Q.18 The constraints of a linear programming problem along with their graphs is shown below:

x + 2y ≥ 3
x ≥ 10
y ≥ 0
 Which of the following objective functions has an optimal solution with respect to the
above set of constraints?

A. Minimise Z = x + y
B. Minimise Z = 0.5x + y
C. Maximise Z = x + y
D. Maximise Z = 2x + y

Q.19
1
 Based on the above function, two statements are given below - one labelled Assertion (A)
and the other labelled Reason (R). Read the statements carefully and choose the option that
correctly describes statements (A) and (R).

Assertion (A): The function f is not onto.

Reason (R): 3 ∈ R (co-domain of f) has no pre-image in the domain of f.

A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. Both A and R are false.

1
Q.20 Two statements are given below - one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason
(R). Read the statements carefully and choose the option that correctly describes
statements (A) and (R).

Assertion (A): The function f(x) = |x − 6|(cos x) is differentiable in 𝑅 − {6}.

Reason (R): If a function f is continuous at a point c, then it is also differentiable at that

point.

A. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation for (A).
B. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation for (A).
C. (A) is true but (R) is false.
D. (A) is false but (R) is true.
 SECTION B

(This section comprises of very short answer type-questions (VSA) of 2 marks each.)

2
Q.21

1
Based on the above equation, find 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑥) using the principal values of the inverse
trigonometric functions. Show your work.

OR

i) Find the domain of the function below.

ii) Find the range (principal value branch) of the function below.

Show your work.

Q.22

𝑑𝑦 2
Q.23 Find if 𝑦 = (𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝑥)4 . Show your work.
𝑑𝑥
Q.24 2

OR

In the figure below, QRST and QRTP are parallelograms.

Using the vectors shown for RQ and RS, prove that the area of QRST is equal to the area
of QRTP.

Q.25 2

SECTION C
(This section comprises of short answer type questions (SA) of 3 marks each)

Q.26 Check whether the following statement is true or false. 3

Show your work with valid reason.

OR
 1 3
Q.27 The anti-derivative of a function of the form (3x − 1)f(x), (x ≠ ), is given by
3
13 3
3𝑥 4 − 𝑥3 + 𝑥 2 + 𝐶, where C is the constant of integration.
3 2

Find the value of f(6). Show your steps.

Q.28 Evaluate the following definite integral and show your work. 3

Q.29 Find the particular solution when x = y = 0 for the following differential equation. 3

Show your steps.

OR

Find the general solution of the following differential equation.

Show your steps.

Q.30 Frame the below optimisation problem as a linear programming problem and determine its 3
feasible region graphically.

Bhavani Singh, a farmer, decides to raise hens and cows to make some extra money apart
from his agricultural income. He wants to raise no more than 16 animals including no
more than 10 hens. On an average it will cost him Rs 25 and Rs 75 per day to raise one
hen and one cow respectively. He will make an average profit of Rs 12 from each hen and
Rs 40 from each cow every day. He has a budget of Rs 900 per day to raise the animals.
How many of each type of animals should he raise to maximise his profit?
Q.31 Nikhil has a bag of marbles that contains exactly 8 green marbles and 6 red marbles. He 3
takes out three marbles successively without replacing any of the marbles.

What is the probability that all three marbles taken out are green in colour? Show your
steps.

OR

In a recreational event at a school, there were 8 students, 6 parents, and 4 teachers. To play
a game, two members were selected randomly one after the other.

Find the probability distribution of the number of students. Show your steps.

SECTION D
(This section comprises of long answer-type questions (LA) of 5 marks each)

Q.32 Sravan is a nutritionist. He wants to create a mixture of orange juice, beetroot juice and 5
kiwi juice that can provide 1860 mg of vitamin C, 22 mg of iron and 760 mg of calcium.
The quantity of each nutrient per litre of juice is shown below.

Using the matrix method, find how many litres of each juice Sravan should add into the
mixture. Show your work.
 2 𝑦2
Q.33 Shown below is an ellipse whose equation is 𝑥 + = 1. 5
81 36

Find the area of the shaded region in terms of π. Show your steps.

Q.34 5
 OR

Q.35 Integrate the given function and show your steps. 5

OR

Evaluate the integral and show your steps.

 SECTION E
(This section comprises of 3 case-study/passage-based questions of 4 marks each
with two sub-questions. First two case study questions have three sub questions of
marks 1, 1, 2 respectively. The third case study question has two sub questions of 2
marks each.)

Q.36 Answer the questions based on the given information.

Port Blair, the capital city of Andaman and Nicobar Islands is directly connected to
Chennai and Vishakapatnam via ship route. The ships sail from Chennai/Vishakapatnam
to Port Blair and vice versa.

Swaraj Dweep and Shaheed Dweep are two popular tourist islands in Andaman Islands.
One has to take a ferry from Port Blair to reach these islands. There are ferries that sail
frequently between the three islands - Port Blair (PB), Swaraj Dweep (SwD) and
Shaheed Dweep (ShD).

Shown below is a schematic representation of the ship routes and ferry routes.

(Note: The image is for representation purpose only.)

X is the set of all 5 places and Y is the set of 3 places in Andaman Islands.

That is, X = {C, V, PB, SwD, ShD} and Y = {PB, SwD, ShD}.

A relation R defined on the set X is given by, R = {(𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ): there is a direct ship or
direct ferry from 𝑥1 to 𝑥2 }.

A function 𝑓: Y → X is defined by, 𝑓(𝑃𝐵) = 𝑉, 𝑓(𝑆𝑤𝐷) = 𝑃𝐵, 𝑓(𝑆ℎ𝐷) = 𝑆𝑤𝐷.

 i) List all the elements of R. 1

ii) Is the relation R symmetric? Give a valid reason. 1

iii) Is the relation R transitive? Give a valid reason. 2

OR

Check whether the function f is one-one and onto. Give valid reasons.

Q.37 Answer the questions based on the given information.

A medicinal drug administered into a human body requires some time to produce its effect
on the body. The amount (in mg) of a certain medicinal drug in the bloodstream at t hours
after administering the drug to an individual is given by the function:

C(t) = −t 3 + 4.5t 2 + 54t , 0 ≤ t ≤ 10

Shown below is the graph of C(t) in the interval [0, 10].

 i) Find the rate at which the amount of drug is changing in the bloodstream at 5 1
hours after administering the drug. Show your work.
ii) Show that the function C(t) is strictly increasing in the interval (3, 4).
2
OR

The amount of the drug in the bloodstream at which the action of the drug is
maximum is denoted by Cmax.
How long after administering the drug is Cmax attained? Show your work and
give valid reasons.

iii) Find the amount of drug in the bloodstream at the time when the effect of the
drug is maximum. Show your work. 1

Q.38 Answer the questions based on the given information.

A school conducted a survey of their school staff to find their beverage preferences. Each
of them picked either tea or coffee as their first preference and then with sugar or without
sugar as their second preference as shown in the below tree diagram.

Some of the insights from the survey are given below.

♦ 60% percent of the staff prefer coffee.

♦ 90% of those who prefer coffee prefer it with sugar.
♦ 20% of those who prefer tea prefer it without sugar.

i) What is the probability that a person selected randomly from the staff prefers a
2
beverage with sugar? Show your steps.

ii) What is the probability that a person from the staff selected at random prefers
2
coffee given that it is without sugar? Show your steps.
 Practice Questions - Marking Scheme
Session 2022-23
Class XII
Mathematics (Code – 041)

SECTION A - Multiple Choice Questions - 1 Mark each

Q.No. Answer/Solution Marks

Q.1 C. sec-1 x 1
Q.2 B. P and Q must be square matrices of the same order. 1
Q.3 D. all - i), ii) and iii) 1
Q.4 A. -48 1
Q.5 1 1
C. 4
Q.6 1 1
B. −𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 − B, where B is a constant.
Q.7 D. 4 1
Q.8 C. 9 sq units 1
Q.9 1

B.
Q.10 4
C. 3 𝑒 3𝑥 + 1 1
Q.11 A. only ii) 1
Q.12 1
C.
Q.13 D. 0 1
Q.14 B. 60° 1
Q.15 D. 8 1
Q.16 B. It has a unique solution. 1
Q.17 D. 0.08 1
Q.18 A. Minimise Z = x + y 1
Q.19 C. (A) is true but (R) is false. 1
Q.20 C. (A) is true but (R) is false. 1

SECTION B - VSA questions of 2 marks each

Q.21 2𝜋 0.5
Solves the RHS to obtain as follows:
3

1 1
Equates the LHS to obtain x = − as follows:
√3
 1 𝜋
Finds 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑥) as − 3 as follows: 0.5

OR

2 4
i) Finds the domain as (−∞, 5] ∪ [5 , ∞)as follows: 1

ii) Finds the range as [−2, 3𝜋 − 2] as follows: 1

Q.22 1 0.5
Writes the expression for C as 2 (A − A′).

Finds A' as: 0.5

 Finds C as:
1

Q.23 Differentiates y with respect to x using chain rule as: 1

𝑑𝑦 𝑑 sec 𝑥
= 4(𝑒 sec 𝑥 + 𝑥)3 (𝑒 + 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Simplifies the above differential as:

1
𝑑𝑦
= 4(𝑒 sec 𝑥 + 𝑥)3 (𝑒 sec 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 1)
𝑑𝑥

Q.24 0.5

0.5

OR

Uses the cross-product of vectors and writes: 0.5

Uses the cross-product of vectors and writes:

0.5
 Simplifies RHS of the above equation as:
1

Concludes that the area of parallelogram QRST is equal to the area of

parallelogram QRTP.

Q.25 i) Expands the vector form to get the following: 0.5

Eliminates λ by equating the like coefficients of the position vectors of the 0.5
x, y and z axes to get the cartesian equation as follows:

ii) Assumes the coordinates of B as (𝑥2 , y2 , z2 ) and compares the cartesian

form of the equation from step 2 with the regular form of the cartesian 0.5
equation to find:

𝑥2 = 2𝑥1 , 𝑦2 = 3𝑦1 and 𝑧2 = 4𝑧1

Substitutes values 𝑥1 = (-2), 𝑦1 = 5 and 𝑧1 = (-3) in the equations from step 0.5
3 to get coordinates of B as (-4, 15, -12).
 SECTION C - Short Answer Questions of 3 Marks each

Q.26 𝑑𝑢 1
Finds 𝑑𝜃 as:

𝑑𝑣
Finds 𝑑𝜃 as: 1

𝑑𝑢
Uses parametric differentiation and finds 𝑑𝑣 as: 0.5

𝜋
Concludes that the given statement is true as 𝑒 2 is a constant. 0.5

OR

Rewrites the given equation by taking logarithm on both sides as: 1

m(log x) − n(log y) = (m − n)(log x + log y)

Differentiates the above equation as: 1

𝑚 𝑛 1 1
𝑑𝑥 − 𝑑𝑦 = (𝑚 − 𝑛) ( 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦)
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦

Rearranges the above equation to get: 0.5

𝑛 𝑚
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑦
𝑥 𝑦

𝑑𝑦 𝑛𝑦
Finds 𝑑𝑥 to be 𝑚𝑥 . 0.5

Q.27 Interprets the question statement and writes it as: 0.5

Finds the derivative in the above step as: 1

(3x − 1)f(x) = 12𝑥 3 − 13𝑥 2 + 3x

 1
Factorises the above cubic polynomial as:

(3x − 1)f(x) = (3x − 1)(4𝑥 2 − 3x)

and determines the value of f(x) as (4𝑥 2 − 3x).

Substitutes x = 6 in f(x) and evaluates f(6) as 126. 0.5

Q.28 Rewrites the integral using the identity cosec2 x = 1 + cot2 x as: 0.5

Substitutes cot x = u and hence cosec2 x dx = - du in the above step and 0.5
rewrites the integral as:

Integrates the above expression as: 0.5

0.5
Substitutes cot x in place of u in the above expression to get:

92
Substitutes the limits in the above expression to get 105 .
1

Q.29 Rearranges the given differential equation as: 0.5

Finds the integrating factor as follows as the equation obtained in the above step is of the 0.5
𝑑𝑦
form 𝑑𝑥 + y P(x) = Q(x).
Finds the solution as:
1.5

Substitutes x = y = 0 in the above equation and finds the value of C as 0.

0.5
Writes the particular solution as:

OR
𝑦
Rearranges the given equation in terms of as: 0.5
𝑥

𝑑𝑦
Considers y = vx and finds 𝑑𝑥 in terms of v as:
0.5
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
= v + x
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Equates the RHS obtained in steps 1 and 2 to get:

0.5

Rearranges the terms using the variable separable method as:

0.5

Integrates on both sides to find the general solution as:

sec −1 𝑣 = log |x| + C 1

or
𝑦
sec −1 𝑥 = log |x| + C, where C is the constant of integration.
Q.30 Takes the number of hens and cows to be x and y respectively and 1.5
formulates the linear programming problem as follows:

Maximise Z = 12x + 40y

subject to constraints,
25x + 75y ≤ 900
x + y ≤ 16
x ≤ 10
x ≥ 0
y ≥ 0

Graphs the constraints and marks the feasible region as: 1.5
Q.31 Takes E, F and G to be the events of taking out green marbles in the first, 0.5
second and third draws respectively, and writes:

8
𝑃(𝐸) = 𝑃(𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑤) =
14

Finds the probability that the second marble taken out is green provided 0.5
first is also green as:

7
𝑃(𝐹|𝐸) = 𝑃(𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑤) =
13

Finds the probability that the third marble taken out is green provided first 0.5
two are also green as:

6
𝑃(𝐺|𝐸𝐹) = 𝑃(𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑑 𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑤) =
12

Finds the probability that all three marbles taken out are green in colour as: 1.5

𝑃(𝐸) × 𝑃(𝐹|𝐸) × 𝑃(𝐺|𝐸𝐹)

8 5 6
= × ×
14 13 12
10
=
91

OR

Assumes the number of students as a random variable X and writes that it

can take values of 0, 1 and 2.
0.5
Finds P(X = 0) as:

P(non-student and non-student)

10 9
= ×
18 17
90
=
306

Finds P(X = 1) as:

P(student and non-student) or P(non-student and student)

1.5
8 10 10 8
= × × ×
18 17 18 17
 160
=
306

Finds P(X = 2) as: 0.5

P(student and student)

8 7
= ×
18 17
56
=
306
Writes the required probability distribution as:
0.5
X 0 1 2

P(X) 90 160 56
306 306 306

SECTION D - Long answer type questions (LA) of 5 marks each

Q.32 Assumes the number of litres of orange juice, beetroot juice and kiwi juice 0.5
as x, y and z, respectively to frame equations as follows:

500x + 20y + 800z = 1860

2x + 5y + 3z = 22
100x + 120y + 200z = 760

Writes the above system of equations in the matrix form using AX = B as 0.5

Finds |A| = 110000 ≠ 0 and hence writes that A is non-singular and has a 0.5
unique solution.

Finds adj A as:

1
 Finds A-1 using |A| and adj A as: 1

Writes that X = A-1B and finds X as 1

Concludes that 2 litres of orange juice, 3 litres of beetroot juice and 1 litre 0.5
of kiwi juice should go into the mixture.

Q.33 Writes the endpoints of the ellipse as (−9, 0), (9, 0), (0, 6) and (0, −6) 1
respectively.

Expresses y in terms of x as:

Sets up the equation for the area of the shaded region as: 1

Evaluates the 1st part of the above equation as: 1

 Applies the upper and the lower limit and finds the value of the integral as: 1

0.5
Evaluates the 2nd part of the equation from step 2 as:
1
Area of 2 triangles = 2 × × 9 × 6 = 54 sq units
2

Adds the area obtained in step 3 and 4 to find the area of the shaded region in 0.5
terms of π as:

(27𝜋 + 54) sq units or 27(𝜋 + 2) sq units.

Q.34 1

Notes that the lines are skewed and writes the formula to find the shortest 1
distance between the lines (d) as follows:

1.5

10 0.5
Substitutes values from above steps to find distance as units.
√59

OR

0.5

Assumes P (x, y, z) to be the point of intersection of the two lines. Finds 0.5
x = λ + 4, y = 3λ + 2 and z = 2λ + 1.

Takes Tara’s position as T(2, -2, 1) to find the direction ratios of TP as

(𝜆 + 2), (3𝜆 + 4) and (2𝜆). 1
 Notes that the dot product of the direction ratios of the given line and TP
will be 0, since they are perpendicular, and cos 90° = 0.
1.5
Writes that 1(𝜆 + 2) + 3(3𝜆 + 4) + 2(2𝜆) = 0.

Solves the above equation to find 𝜆 = (−1).

Substitutes the value of λ to find x = 3, y = 7 and z = 2. 0.5

Finds the length of TP as √83 units, using the following formula: 1

Q.35 Rewrites the given integral as: 0.5

1
Substitutes x4 = u and hence 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 = du in the above integral to get: 1
4

Uses integration by parts to integrate the above expression as: 1

Integrates the above expression to get: 2

Substitutes x4 in place of u in the above expression to get: 0.5

OR

Expands the denominator using the identity (a3 - b3) as: 0.5

Rewrites the integral as a sum of two integrals using partial fractions as: 1
 Solves the first integral as: 0.5

Rewrites the second integral as: 1

Solves the above integral as: 1.5

Concludes the final answer as: 0.5

SECTION E - Case Studies/Passage based questions of 4 Marks each

Q.36i) Lists all the elements of R as:

1
R = {(C, PB), (PB, C), (V, PB), (PB, V), (PB, SwD), (SwD, PB),
(PB, ShD), (ShD, PB), (SwD, ShD), (ShD, SwD)}

Q.36ii) Writes that the relation R is symmetric. 0.5

Gives a reason. For example, for every (x1, x2) ∈ R, (x2, x1) ∈ R as every 0.5
direct ship/direct ferry runs in both the directions.

Q.36iii) Writes that R is not transitive. 0.5

Gives a reason. For example,

1.5
(C, PB) ∈ R as there is a direct ship from Chennai to Port Blair.

(PB, SwD) ∈ R as there is a direct ferry from Port Blair to Swaraj Dweep.

But (C, SwD) ∉ R as there is no direct ship/ferry from Chennai to Swaraj Dweep.

OR
 Writes that the function f is one-one. 0.5

Gives a reason. For example, no two elements of set Y are mapped to a common 0.5
element in set X.

Writes that the function f is not onto. 0.5

Gives a reason. For example, C ∈ X (co-domain of f) but it has no pre-image in 0.5

Y.

Q.37i) Finds the rate at which the amount of drug is changing in the blood stream 5 1
hours after the drug has been administered as:

𝐶 ′ (t) = −3𝑡 2 + 9t + 54
⇒ C′(5) = 24 mg/hr

Q.37ii) Equates the derivative 𝐶 ′ (t) to 0 and factorises 𝐶 ′ (t)as 3(3 + t)(6 − t). 0.5

Writes that for t ∈ (3, 4), 1.5

3 > 0,
(3 + t) > 0
and (6 − t) > 0
Therefore, C′(t) > 0.

Concludes that C(t) is strictly increasing in the interval (3, 4).

OR
0.5
Equates the derivative 𝐶 ′ (t) = −3𝑡 2 + 9t + 54 to 0 and finds the
critical points as t = 6 hours and t = (-3) hours.
0.5
Differentiate 𝐶 ′ (t) to get C"(t) as:

C"(t) = −6t + 9

Finds C"(6) as (−27) and writes that C(t) attains its maximum at t = 6 0.5
hours, as C"(6) = (−27) < 0.

Concludes that 6 hours after the drug is administered, Cmax is attained. 0.5

1
Q.37iii) Finds the value of C(t) at t = 6 hours as:

C(6) = −(6)3 + 4.5(6)2 + 54(6)

⇒ C(6) = 270
 Writes the amount of drug in the bloodstream when the effect of the drug is
maximum as 270 mg.

Q.38i) Takes P(S), P(C) and P(T) as the probabilities that a person selected 1
randomly from the staff prefers sugar, coffee and tea respectively.

Finds P(T) = P(C′) = 1 − 0.6 = 0.4.

Finds P(S|T) = 1 − 0.2 = 0.8.

Uses theorem on total probability and finds the probability that a randomly 1
selected staff prefers a beverage with sugar as:

P(S) = P(C) × P(S|C) + P(T) × P(S|T)

86 43
= 0.6 × 0.9 + 0.4 × 0.8 = 0.86 or 100 𝑜𝑟 50

Q.38ii) Uses the sum of probabilities = 1 and finds the following probabilities: 0.5

♦ P(without sugar|coffee) = 1 − 0.9 = 0.1

♦ P(tea) = 1 − 0.6 = 0.4

Uses Bayes' theorem to find the probability that a staff selected at random
prefers coffee given that it is without sugar, P(coffee|without sugar) as: 1

0.6 × 0.1
=
0.6 × 0.1 + 0.4 × 0.2

(Award 0.5 marks if only the formula for Bayes′ theorem is written correctly. )

6 3
Simplifies the above expression and finds the required probability as 14 𝑜𝑟 7.
0.5