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    Gram Staining: Exercise 3

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    Jasmine Nicole Enriquez
    1. The document describes the Gram staining reaction and morphology of three types of bacteria: - Gram-positive cocci that turn blue - Gram-positive bacilli that turn purple - Gram-negative bacilli that turn pink/red 2. It lists the functions of reagents used in Gram staining: crystal violet stains, Gram's iodine acts as a mordant, 95% alcohol is a decolorizer, and safranin is a counterstain. 3. It compares the differences between Gram-positive and Gram-negative cell walls, noting Gram-positives have a thicker peptidoglycan layer and teichoic acids while Gram-

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    Gram Staining: Exercise 3

    Uploaded by

    Jasmine Nicole Enriquez
    31 views4 pages
    1. The document describes the Gram staining reaction and morphology of three types of bacteria: - Gram-positive cocci that turn blue - Gram-positive bacilli that turn purple - Gram-negative bacilli that turn pink/red 2. It lists the functions of reagents used in Gram staining: crystal violet stains, Gram's iodine acts as a mordant, 95% alcohol is a decolorizer, and safranin is a counterstain. 3. It compares the differences between Gram-positive and Gram-negative cell walls, noting Gram-positives have a thicker peptidoglycan layer and teichoic acids while Gram-

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    1. The document describes the Gram staining reaction and morphology of three types of bacteria: - Gram-positive cocci that turn blue - Gram-positive bacilli that turn purple - Gram-negative bacilli that turn pink/red 2. It lists the functions of reagents used in Gram staining: crystal violet stains, Gram's iodine acts as a mordant, 95% alcohol is a decolorizer, and safranin is a counterstain. 3. It compares the differences between Gram-positive and Gram-negative cell walls, noting Gram-positives have a thicker peptidoglycan layer and teichoic acids while Gram-

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    31 views4 pages

    Gram Staining: Exercise 3

    Uploaded by

    Jasmine Nicole Enriquez
    1. The document describes the Gram staining reaction and morphology of three types of bacteria: - Gram-positive cocci that turn blue - Gram-positive bacilli that turn purple - Gram-negative bacilli that turn pink/red 2. It lists the functions of reagents used in Gram staining: crystal violet stains, Gram's iodine acts as a mordant, 95% alcohol is a decolorizer, and safranin is a counterstain. 3. It compares the differences between Gram-positive and Gram-negative cell walls, noting Gram-positives have a thicker peptidoglycan layer and teichoic acids while Gram-

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Exercise 3

    Gram Staining

    1. Give the Gram-staining reaction and morphology (shape) of the following


    bacteria.

    Gram stain reaction: Gram-positive; turns blue

    Morphology/Shape: Cocci (Spheres)

    Gram stain reaction:


    Gram-positive; turns purple
    Gram-negative; turns pink
    Morphology/Shape: Bacilli (Rods)

    Gram stain reaction: Gram-negative; turns


    pink/red

    Morphology/Shape: Bacilli (Rods)


    2. Indicate the function of the different reagents used in Gram-staining

    Reagent Function Expected Result


    Gram positive Gram negative
    Crystal violet Primary stain Purple or blue Purple or blue
    Gram’s iodine Mordant Purple or blue Purple or blue
    95% Alcohol Decolorizer Purple or blue Colorless
    Safranin Counterstain Purple or blue Red or pink
    (Secondary
    stain)

    3. Differentiate gram-positive cell wall from gram-negative cell wall.

    Features Gram-positive cell Gram-negative cell


    wall wall
    Peptidoglycan Thick Peptidoglycan Thinner
    Multi-layered Peptidoglycan
    Single layered
    Complexity - Less complex - More complex
    Teichoic Acid - Can elicit - None
    antibody
    response
    - Attachment of
    the organisms
    to the host cell
    - Provide tensile
    strength
    - Serve as pores
    allowing the
    passage of ions,
    nutrients, and
    amino acids
    into the cell
    - Serve as
    adhesins,
    allowing
    bacteria to bind
    to one another
    Lipopolysaccharide - Gram-positive - It is a highly
    complexes bacteria do not acylated
    contain LPS, saccharolipid
    but carry located on the
    surface teichoic outer leaflet of
    acids, the outer
    lipoteichoic membrane of
    acids and Gram-negative
    peptidoglycan bacteria
    instead. - It is critical to
    maintaining the
    barrier function
    preventing the
    passive
    diffusion of
    hydrophobic
    solutes such as
    antibiotics and
    detergents into
    the cell
    Endotoxin - As gram- - Endotoxins are
    positive also known as
    bacteria lack an lipopolysacchar
    outer ides and are
    membrane, they found in the
    do not produce outer
    endotoxins. membranes of
    gram-negative
    bacteria. They
    elicit a strong
    immune
    response in man
    (e.g., fever,
    septic shock),
    and cannot be
    removed from
    materials by
    normal
    sterilization
    processes.
    - Endotoxins are
    integral
    components of
    the outer
    membrane of
    gram-negative
    bacteria such as
    Salmonella,
    Shigella and
    Escherichia
    coli. The
    specific
    component
    responsible for
    endotoxin
    activity of this
    bacteria is the
    lipopolysacchar
    ide (LPS),
    which is further
    composed of a
    lipid A moiety
    and a
    polysaccharide
    moiety

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