MCE11 Act 5

MCE 11 – ME Laboratory 1
Name: Date Started:

Year/Section: Date Completed:
Activity No. 5
Calorific Test of Gaseous Fuel
I. Introduction
Calorific value (or heating value) is the amount of chemical energy stored in a
fuel that is released as thermal energy upon combustion. There is a test method that
provides an accurate and reliable method to measure the total calorific value of a fuel
gas on a continuous basis, which is used for regulatory compliance, custody transfer,
and process control.
II. Objectives
To know the method of measuring the calorific value of gaseous fuels.
III. Test Methods

The apparatus used, the recording calorimeter consists of two major units which
are the tank unit or calorimeter proper, in which the heating value of the test gas
sample is measured, and the recording unit which translates the heat measurements in
to an indication of calorific value and records it graphically on a strip chart recorder.
1. Determine the heating value by imparting all of the heat obtained from the
combustion of the test gas to a stream of air and measuring the rise in air
temperature. Maintain the streams of test gas and heat absorbing air in fixed
volumetric proportion to each other by metering devices similar to the ordinary
wettest meters which are driven from a common electric motor. Mount the
meters in a tank of water with a level of which is maintained. The temperature
determines the temperature of the entering gas and air.
2. Separate the flue gas resulting from combustion of the gas from the heat-absorbing
air and cool to a few degrees above the initial temperature of gas and air. The water
formed in the combustion is condensed to the liquid state. The temperature rise
produced in the heat- absorbing air is directly proportional to the heating value of
the gas. Since all the heat from the combustion of the test gas sample, including the
latent heat of vaporization of the water vapor formed in the combustion, is
imparted to the heat-absorbing air, the calorimeter makes a direct determination
of total heating value.
IV. Discussion
1. What is the calorific value of fuel?

2. Differentiate between high calorific value and low calorific value.
The calorific value of a fuel is the quantity of heat produced by its combustion
– at constant pressure and under “normal” (standard) conditions (i.e. to 0oC
and under a pressure of 1,013 mbar).The calorific value of a fuel, also known
as the heating value or energy content, is a measure of the amount of heat
energy released per unit mass or volume of the fuel when it undergoes
complete combustion. It is typically expressed in units of energy per unit mass,
such as joules per kilogram (J/kg) or British thermal units per pound (BTU/lb).
The calorific value of a fuel depends on its chemical composition and can vary
between different types of fuels. Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas,
have different calorific values based on their carbon content and other factors
3. Discuss how a Junkers calorimeter is operated.
High calorific value (HCV) and low calorific value (LCV) are two terms used
to describe the energy content of a fuel. The main difference between the two
lies in the inclusion or exclusion of the latent heat of vaporization of water
formed during the combustion process. High Calorific Value (HCV): The high
calorific value, also known as the gross calorific value (GCV) or higher heating
value (HHV), takes into account the total heat released during the complete
combustion of a fuel, including the latent heat of vaporization of water. While,
Low Calorific Value (LCV): The low calorific value, also known as the net
calorific value (NCV) or lower heating value (LHV), does not consider the
latent heat of vaporization of water formed during combustion
Junkers calorimeter is a device used to measure the calorific value or heat

of combustion of a fuel, named after its inventor, Hugo Junkers. It consists of a
combustion chamber, water jacket, thermometer, stirrer, and gas outlet. Sample
preparation, combustion chamber, water jacket, thermometer, stirrer, and gas
outlet are all necessary steps to operate the calorimeter. The combustion
process of a Junkers calorimeter involves controlling the combustion process,
heat absorption, temperature measurement, and calculation of the calorific
value. To ensure accuracy, the experiment is repeated several times with
different fuel samples from the same batch and the calorific values obtained are
averaged to obtain a more reliable result.
4. What is a bomb calorimeter?
A bomb calorimeter is a device used to measure the heat of combustion or

calorific value of a substance. It is also known as a combustion calorimeter or
oxygen bomb calorimeter. The bomb calorimeter is designed to simulate the
conditions of a closed system, where the substance undergoes complete
combustion, and the
5. Provide heat released
a drawing during
of a Junkers the process
calorimeter setup. is measured.
6.
Provide a drawing of a bomb calorimeter setup.

V. Conclusion
In conclusion, The calorific test of gaseous fuels is a method to measure

the calorific value, or energy content, of a particular gaseous fuel. It
involves obtaining a representative sample of the fuel and burning it in a
specially designed calorimeter. The calorific value is expressed in units of
energy per unit of fuel, such as megajoules per cubic meter (MJ/m3) or
British thermal units per cubic foot (BTU/ft3). It is important to account for
factors such as fuel impurities, moisture content, and combustion efficiency
to ensure accurate results.
VI. References
https://cngeurope.com/fuel-calorific-values/
https://www.vedantu.com/biology/calorific-value
https://www.toppr.com/ask/question/junkers-calorimeter-is-used-to-determine-the-
calorific-value-of/
https://www.scribd.com/document/170513988/junkers-gas-calorimeter

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MCE 11 – ME Laboratory 1

Name: Date Started:

III. Test Methods

1. What is the calorific value of fuel?

3. Discuss how a Junkers calorimeter is operated.

Junkers calorimeter is a device used to measure the calorific value or heat

A bomb calorimeter is a device used to measure the heat of combustion or

Provide a drawing of a bomb calorimeter setup.

In conclusion, The calorific test of gaseous fuels is a method to measure

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