Fourier TC Vs 4

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 33

𝛷1 (𝑡), 𝛷2 (𝑡), … 𝛷𝑛 (𝑡) 𝑎 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 𝑏.

𝑤(𝑡) > 0
𝑏
∫ 𝛷𝑛 (𝑡)𝛷𝑚 (𝑡) 𝑤(𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 = 0 ∀𝑚≠𝑛
𝑎

𝑥(𝑡)

𝑥(𝑡) = ∑ 𝑐𝑛 𝛷𝑛 (𝑡)
𝑛=1

𝑐𝑛

𝛷𝑚 (𝑡)

𝑥(𝑡)𝛷𝑚 (𝑡) = ∑ 𝑐𝑛 𝛷𝑛 (𝑡) 𝛷𝑚 (𝑡)


𝑛=1

[𝑎; 𝑏]

𝑏 ∞ 𝑏

∫ 𝑥(𝑡)𝛷𝑚 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = ∑ 𝑐𝑛 ∫ 𝛷𝑛 (𝑡)𝛷𝑚 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡


𝑎 𝑛=1 𝑎

𝑤(𝑡) = 1
𝛷𝑛 (𝑡) ≠ 𝛷𝑚 (𝑡)
𝛷𝑛 (𝑡) = 𝛷𝑚 (𝑡)

𝑏 𝑏
2 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡
∫ 𝑥(𝑡)𝛷𝑚 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = 𝑐𝑚 ∫ 𝛷𝑚
𝑎 𝑎

𝑐𝑚

𝑏
∫𝑎 𝑥(𝑡)𝛷𝑚 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝑐𝑚 = 𝑏2 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡
∫𝑎 𝛷𝑚
𝛷𝑛 (𝑡)𝛷𝑚 (𝑡)
𝛷𝑛 (𝑡) = 𝛷𝑚 (𝑡) 𝛷𝑛 (𝑡) ≠ 𝛷𝑚 (𝑡)

𝛷𝑛 (𝑡) = 𝛷𝑚 (𝑡)

𝛷𝑛 (𝑡) ≠ 𝛷𝑚 (𝑡)
cos 𝑛𝜔 𝑡 ∞
{ sin 𝑛𝜔 0𝑡 } = {1; cos 𝜔0 𝑡; sin 𝜔0 𝑡 ; cos 2𝜔0 𝑡; sin 2𝜔0 𝑡; … .}
0 𝑛=0

𝜔0 = 1[𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠]

𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡 + 𝑘𝑇)

2𝑇

2𝜋
𝑇 𝜔0 = 𝑇

𝑇 𝑇
𝑥(𝑡) 𝑥′(𝑡) [− 2 ; 2]


𝑎0
+ ∑(𝑎𝑛 cos 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 + 𝑏𝑛 sin 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡)
2
𝑛=1

𝑤(𝑡) = 1
𝑏
∫𝑎 𝑥(𝑡)𝛷𝑚 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝑐𝑚 = 𝑏2 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡
∫𝑎 𝛷𝑚

𝑇 𝑇
𝛷𝑚 (𝑡) = cos 𝑚𝜔0 𝑡 [− 2 ; 2]
1
cos 2 𝜔0 𝑡 = 2 (1 + cos 2𝜔0 𝑡)

𝑇 𝑇
2 1 2 1 𝑇 1 𝑇
∫ cos 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ (1 + cos 2𝑛𝜔0 𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑡| 2𝑇 +
2
sin 2𝑛𝜔0 𝑡| 2𝑇

𝑇 2 −𝑇 2 −2 4𝑛𝜔0 −
2
2 2

1 𝑇2 1 𝑇 𝑇 𝑇
𝑡| 𝑇 = ( + ) =
2 −2 2 2 2 2

𝑇
1 1 𝑇 𝑇 1 𝑇 𝑇
sin 2𝑛𝜔0 𝑡| 2𝑇 = [sin 2𝑛𝜔0 − sin (−2𝑛𝜔0 )] = [sin 2𝑛𝜔0 + sin 2𝑛𝜔0 ]
4𝑛𝜔0 −
2
4𝑛𝜔0 2 2 4𝑛𝜔0 2 2

2𝜋
𝜔0 𝑇 = 𝑇 = 2𝜋
𝑇

sin 𝑛𝜔0 𝑇 = sin 𝑛2𝜋 = 0

cos 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡
𝑇
‖cos 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡‖ =
2

sin 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡
𝑇
‖sin 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡‖ =
2

cos 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 ; sin 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡

2 𝑇/2
𝑎𝑛 = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) cos 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 ∀ 𝑛 = 0; 1; 2; …
𝑇 −𝑇/2

2 𝑇/2
𝑏𝑛 = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) sin 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 ∀ 𝑛 = 1; 2; 3; …
𝑇 −𝑇/2

𝑥(𝑡)

𝑎0
𝑥(𝑡) = + ∑(𝑎𝑛 cos 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 + 𝑏𝑛 sin 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡)
2
𝑛=1
𝑥(𝑡)
𝑥(𝑡)
∫ |𝑥(𝑡)|𝑑𝑡 < ∞ ⇒ 𝑐𝑛 < ∞
𝑇

𝑥(𝑡)
2𝜋
𝑥(𝑡) = sin [0; 1]
𝑡


𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑥(−𝑡)

2 𝑇/2
𝑎𝑛 = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) cos 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 ∀ 𝑛 = 0; 1; 2; …
𝑇 −𝑇/2

2 0 2 𝑇/2
𝑎𝑛 = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) cos 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) cos 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑇 −𝑇/2 𝑇 0

2 −𝑇/2 2 𝑇/2
𝑎𝑛 = − ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) cos 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) cos 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑇 0 𝑇 0

𝑡 = −𝜆

𝑇
2 2 2 𝑇/2
𝑎𝑛 = − ∫ 𝑥(−𝜆) cos(−𝑛𝜔0 𝜆) 𝑑(−𝜆) + ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) cos 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑇 0 𝑇 0

𝜆=𝑡
𝑇
2 2 2 𝑇/2
𝑎𝑛 = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) cos 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) cos 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑇 0 𝑇 0

𝑇
4 2
𝑎𝑛 = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) cos 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 ∀ 𝑛 = 0; 1; 2; 3; …
𝑇 0

2 𝑇/2
𝑏𝑛 = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) sin 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 ∀ 𝑛 = 1; 2; 3; …
𝑇 −𝑇/2

2 0 2 𝑇/2
𝑏𝑛 = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) sin 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) sin 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 ∀ 𝑛 = 1; 2; 3; …
𝑇 −𝑇/2 𝑇 0

2 −𝑇/2 2 𝑇/2
𝑏𝑛 = − ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) sin 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) sin 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑇 0 𝑇 0

𝑡 = −𝜆

2 𝑇/2 2 𝑇/2
𝑏𝑛 = − ∫ 𝑥(−𝜆) sin(−𝑛𝜔0 𝜆) 𝑑(−𝜆) + ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) sin 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑇 0 𝑇 0

𝜆=𝑡
2 𝑇/2 2 𝑇/2
𝑏𝑛 = − ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) sin 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) sin 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑇 0 𝑇 0

𝑏𝑛 = 0 ∀ 𝑛 = 1; 2; 3; …

𝑥(𝑡) = −𝑥(−𝑡)

2 𝑇/2
𝑎𝑛 = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) cos 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 ∀ 𝑛 = 0; 1; 2; …
𝑇 −𝑇/2

2 0 2 𝑇/2
𝑎𝑛 = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) cos 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) cos 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑇 −𝑇/2 𝑇 0

2 −𝑇/2 2 𝑇/2
𝑎𝑛 = − ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) cos 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) cos 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑇 0 𝑇 0

𝑡 = −𝜆

2 𝑇/2 2 𝑇/2
𝑎𝑛 = − ∫ 𝑥(−𝜆) cos(−𝑛𝜔0 𝜆) 𝑑(−𝜆) + ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) cos 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑇 0 𝑇 0

2 𝑇/2 2 𝑇/2
𝑎𝑛 = ∫ 𝑥(−𝜆) cos(𝑛𝜔0 𝜆) 𝑑(𝜆) + ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) cos 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑇 0 𝑇 0

𝜆=𝑡

2 𝑇/2 2 𝑇/2
𝑎𝑛 = − ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) cos 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) cos 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑇 0 𝑇 0

𝑎𝑛 = 0 ∀ 𝑛 = 0; 1; 2; 3; …

2 0 2 𝑇/2
𝑏𝑛 = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) sin 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) sin 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 ∀ 𝑛 = 1; 2; 3; …
𝑇 −𝑇/2 𝑇 0

2 −𝑇/2 2 𝑇/2
𝑏𝑛 = − ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) sin 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) sin 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 ∀ 𝑛 = 1; 2; 3; …
𝑇 0 𝑇 0

𝑡 = −𝜆

2 𝑇/2 2 𝑇/2
𝑏𝑛 = − ∫ 𝑥(−𝜆) sin(−𝑛𝜔0 𝜆) 𝑑(−𝜆) + ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) sin 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑇 0 𝑇 0

𝜆=𝑡
2 𝑇/2 2 𝑇/2
𝑏𝑛 = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) sin 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) sin 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑇 0 𝑇 0

4 𝑇/2
𝑏𝑛 = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) sin 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 ∀ 𝑛 = 1; 2; 3; …
𝑇 0

𝑥(𝑡) = ∑ 𝑐𝑛 𝑒 𝑗𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 = ⋯ + 𝑐−2 𝑒 −𝑗2𝜔0 𝑡 + 𝑐−1 𝑒 −𝑗𝜔0 𝑡 + 𝑐0 + 𝑐1 𝑒 𝑗𝜔0 𝑡 + 𝑐2 𝑒 𝑗2𝜔0 𝑡 + ⋯


𝑛=−∞

𝑒 𝑗𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑗𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑒 𝑗𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑗𝑛𝜔0 𝑡


cos 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 = ∧ sin 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 =
2 2𝑗


𝑎0
𝑥(𝑡) = + ∑(𝑎𝑛 cos 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 + 𝑏𝑛 sin 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡)
2
𝑛=1


𝑎0 𝑒 𝑗𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝑗𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑒 𝑗𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑗𝑛𝜔0 𝑡
𝑥(𝑡) = + ∑ (𝑎𝑛 + 𝑏𝑛 )
2 2 2𝑗
𝑛=1


𝑎0 𝑎𝑛 − 𝑗𝑏𝑛 𝑗𝑛𝜔 𝑡 𝑎𝑛 + 𝑗𝑏𝑛 −𝑗𝑛𝜔 𝑡
𝑥(𝑡) = + ∑( 𝑒 0 + 𝑒 0 )
2 2 2
𝑛=1

𝑎𝑛 − 𝑗𝑏𝑛
𝑐𝑛 =
2

𝑎𝑛 + 𝑗𝑏𝑛
𝑐−𝑛 =
2
𝑎0
𝑐0 =
2

𝛷1 (𝑡), 𝛷2 (𝑡), … 𝛷𝑛 (𝑡) 𝑎 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 𝑏.

𝑤(𝑡) > 0
𝑏

∫ 𝛷𝑛 (𝑡)𝛷𝑚 (𝑡) 𝑤(𝑡) = 0 ∀𝑚≠𝑛
𝑎

𝛷𝑚 (𝑡)

𝑏
∫𝑎 𝑥(𝑡)𝛷𝑚 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝑐𝑚 = 𝑏 ∗ (𝑡)
∫𝑎 𝛷𝑚 (𝑡) 𝛷𝑚 𝑑𝑡

𝑇 𝑇
𝛷𝑚 (𝑡) = 𝑒 −𝑗𝑚𝜔0 𝑡 [− 2 ; 2]
𝑇 𝑇
𝑇
2
−𝑗𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑗𝑛𝜔0 𝑡
2
2
𝑇 𝑇
∫ 𝑒 𝑒 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑡| 𝑇 =( + )=𝑇

𝑇

𝑇 −
2
2 2
2 2

𝑒 −𝑗𝑛𝜔0 𝑡
‖𝑒 −𝑗𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 ‖ = 𝑇

𝑇/2
1
𝑐𝑛 = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡)𝑒 −𝑗𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑇
−𝑇/2

𝑥(𝑡) = ∑ 𝑐𝑛 𝑒 𝑗𝑛𝜔0 𝑡
𝑛=−∞

𝑐𝑛

𝑐𝑛 = |𝑐𝑛 | 𝑒 −𝑗𝜑(𝑛𝜔0 )

1
|𝑐𝑛 | = |𝑐−𝑛 | = √𝑎𝑛2 + 𝑏𝑛2
2

𝑏𝑛 𝑏𝑛
𝜑(𝑛𝜔0 ) = −arc tan ∧ 𝜑(−𝑛𝜔0 ) = arc tan ∧ 𝜑(0) = 0
𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑛


𝑥(𝑡) ↔ 𝑎𝑘
𝑦(𝑡) ↔ 𝑏𝑘
𝑧(𝑡) = 𝛼𝑥(𝑡) + 𝛽𝑦(𝑡) ↔ 𝛼𝑎𝑘 + 𝛽𝑏𝑘


𝑥(𝑡) ↔ 𝑎𝑘
𝑥(𝑡 − 𝑡0 ) ↔ 𝑒 −𝑗𝑘𝜔0 𝑡0 𝑎𝑘
∞ ∞
𝑗𝑛𝜔0 (𝑡−𝑡0 )
𝑥(𝑡 − 𝑡0 ) = ∑ 𝑎𝑘 𝑒 = ∑ [𝑎𝑘 𝑒 −𝑗𝑛𝜔0 𝑡0 ] 𝑒 𝑗𝑛𝜔0 𝑡
𝑘=−∞ 𝑘=−∞
𝑥(𝑡 − 𝑡0 ) ↔ 𝑒 −𝑗𝑘𝜔0 𝑡0 𝑎𝑘

𝑥(𝑡) ↔ 𝑎𝑘
𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝛼𝑡) ↔ 𝑎𝑘
𝑇/2
1
𝑎𝑘 = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) 𝑒 −𝑗𝑘𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑇
−𝑇/2

𝑇 ′ /2
1 ′
𝑎𝑘 𝑒𝑠𝑐 = ∫ 𝑦(𝑡) 𝑒 −𝑗𝑘𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑇′
−𝑇 ′ /2

𝑇 ′ /2 𝜆 = 𝛼𝑡
1 ′ 𝑇 = 𝛼𝑇 ′
𝑎𝑘 𝑒𝑠𝑐 = ∫ 𝑥(𝛼𝑡) 𝑒 −𝑗𝑘𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 { 2𝜋 2𝜋
𝑇′
−𝑇 ′ /2 𝜔0′ = = 𝛼 = 𝛼𝜔0
𝑇′ 𝑇
𝑇
𝛼>1 𝑇′ = 𝛼
𝜔0′ = 𝛼𝜔0

𝛼𝑇 ′ /2 𝛼𝑇 ′ /2 𝑇/2
1 ′𝜆 𝑑𝑡 1 𝜔′ 1
−𝑗𝑘 0 𝜆
𝑎𝑘 𝑒𝑠𝑐 = ′ ∫ 𝑥(𝜆) 𝑒 −𝑗𝑘𝜔0 𝛼 = ∫ 𝑥(𝜆) 𝑒 𝛼 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝑥(𝜆)𝑒 −𝑗𝑘𝜔0 𝜆 𝑑𝜆 = 𝑎𝑘
𝑇 𝛼 𝛼𝑇 ′ 𝑇
−𝛼𝑇 ′ /2 −𝛼𝑇 ′ /2 −𝑇/2


𝑥(𝑡) ↔ 𝑎𝑘
𝑥(−𝑡) ↔ 𝑎−𝑘

𝑇/2
1
𝑎𝑘 = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡)𝑒 −𝑗𝑘𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑇
−𝑇/2

𝑇/2
1
𝑎𝑘 𝑟𝑒𝑓 = ∫ 𝑥(−𝑡)𝑒 𝑗𝑘𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑎−𝑘
𝑇
−𝑇/2


𝑥(𝑡) ↔ 𝑎𝑘
𝑦(𝑡) ↔ 𝑏𝑘

𝑥(𝑡)𝑦(𝑡) ↔ ∑ 𝑎𝑘 𝑏𝑙−𝑘
𝑘=−∞


𝑥(𝑡) ↔ 𝑎𝑘

𝑥 ∗ (𝑡) ↔ 𝑎−𝑘

𝑇/2
1
𝑎𝑘 = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡)𝑒 −𝑗𝑘𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑇
−𝑇/2

𝑥(𝑡) = ∑ 𝑎𝑘 𝑒 𝑗𝑘𝜔0 𝑡
𝑘=−∞

∞ ∞
𝑗𝑘𝜔0 𝑡 ∗
𝑥 ∗ (𝑡)
= ∑ (𝑎𝑘 𝑒 ) = ∑ 𝑎𝑘∗ 𝑒 −𝑗𝑘𝜔0 𝑡 → 𝑎−𝑘

𝑘=−∞ 𝑘=−∞


𝑥(𝑡) ↔ 𝑎𝑘

𝑥 ∗ (𝑡) ↔ 𝑎−𝑘

𝑥(𝑡) = ∑ 𝑎𝑘 𝑒 𝑗𝑘𝜔0 𝑡
𝑘=−∞

∞ ∞
∗ (𝑡) ∗ 𝑗𝑚𝜔0 𝑡 ∗
𝑥 = ∑ 𝑎−𝑚 𝑒 = ∑ 𝑎𝑚 𝑒 −𝑗𝑚𝜔0 𝑡
𝑚=−∞ 𝑚=−∞

∞ ∞ ∞ ∞
|𝑥(𝑡)|2 = 𝑥(𝑡) 𝑥 ∗ (𝑡)
= ∑ 𝑎𝑘 𝑒 𝑗𝑘𝜔0 𝑡
∑ ∗
𝑎𝑚 𝑒 −𝑗𝑚𝜔0 𝑡
= ∑ ∗
∑ 𝑎𝑘 𝑎𝑚 𝑒 𝑗(𝑘−𝑚)𝜔0 𝑡
𝑘=−∞ 𝑚=−∞ 𝑘=−∞ 𝑚=−∞

𝑇 𝑘≠𝑚
𝑇 𝑘=𝑚

1
𝑃 = ∫|𝑥(𝑡)|2 𝑑𝑡 = ∑ |𝑎𝑘 |2
𝑇
𝑇 𝑘=−∞
𝜏 𝜏
𝑥(𝑡) = {𝑀 ∀ − 2 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 2
𝑇 = 2𝜏

𝑥(𝑡) = ∑ 𝑐𝑛 𝑒 𝑗𝑛𝜔0 𝑡
𝑛=−∞

2𝜋
𝑇 ∧ 𝜔0 =
𝑇
𝑇/2 𝜏/2
𝜏
1 1 𝑀 𝑒 −𝑗𝑛𝜔0 𝜏/2 − 𝑒 𝑗𝑛𝜔0 𝜏/2
𝑐𝑛 = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡)𝑒 −𝑗𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝑀 𝑒 −𝑗𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = − 𝑒 −𝑗𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 |2 𝜏 = −2𝑀
𝑇 𝑇 𝑗𝑇𝑛𝜔0 −2 𝑗𝑇2𝑛𝜔0
−𝑇/2 −𝜏/2

𝑒 𝑗𝑛𝜔0 𝜏/2 − 𝑒 −𝑗𝑛𝜔0 𝜏/2 sin 𝑛𝜔0 𝜏/2 𝜏 sin 𝑛𝜔0 𝜏/2 𝑀𝜏
𝑐𝑛 = 2𝑀 = 2𝑀 = 2𝑀 = sinc 𝑛𝜔0 𝜏/2
𝑗2 𝑛𝜔0 𝑇 𝑛𝜔0 𝑇 2 𝑇 𝑛𝜔0 𝜏/2 𝑇

𝑛𝜔0 𝜏 2𝑘𝜋
= ±𝑘𝜋 → 𝑛𝜔0 = ± ∀𝑘 = 1, 2, 3 …
2 𝜏
𝑥(𝑡)

𝑇→∞
Δ𝜔 = 𝜔0 → 𝑑𝜔
𝑛𝜔0 → 𝜔
∞ ∞
∑ →∫
𝑛=−∞ −∞

𝑇→∞

𝑥(𝑡) = ∑ 𝑐𝑛 𝑒 𝑗𝑛𝜔0 𝑡
𝑛=−∞

𝑇/2 𝑇/2
1 𝜔0
𝑐𝑛 = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡)𝑒 −𝑗𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡)𝑒 −𝑗𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑇 2𝜋
−𝑇/2 −𝑇/2

∞ ∞ 𝑇/2
𝜔0
𝑥(𝑡) = ∑ 𝑐𝑛 𝑒 𝑗𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 = ∑ [ ∫ 𝑥(𝑡)𝑒 −𝑗𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡] 𝑒 𝑗𝑛𝜔0 𝑡
2𝜋
𝑛=−∞ 𝑛=−∞ −𝑇/2


1 ∞
𝑥(𝑡) = ∫ 𝑑𝜔 [ ∫ 𝑥(𝑡)𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝑡] 𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡
2𝜋 −∞
−∞

𝑋(𝜔) = ℱ{𝑥(𝑡)} = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡)𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝑡
−∞

1 ∞
𝑥(𝑡) = ℱ −1 {𝑋(𝜔)} = ∫ 𝑋(𝜔)𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝜔
2𝜋 −∞

𝑋(𝜔) = |𝑋(𝜔)| 𝑒 𝑗𝜑(𝜔)

𝑥(𝑡)

∫ |𝑥(𝑡)|𝑑𝑡 < ∞
−∞


∫ |𝑥(𝑡)|2 𝑑𝑡 < ∞
−∞

𝑥(𝑡)

𝑥(𝑡)

𝑥(𝑡) = 𝛿(𝑡)
∞ ∞ ∞
∆(𝜔) = ℱ{𝛿(𝑡)} = ∫ 𝛿(𝑡)𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝛿(𝑡)𝑒 −𝑗0 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑒 𝑗0 ∫ 𝛿(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = 1
−∞ −∞ −∞
𝑋(𝜔) = 𝛿(𝜔 − 𝜔0 )

1 ∞ 1 𝑗𝜔 𝑡
𝑥(𝑡) = ℱ −1 {𝑋(𝜔)} = ∫ 𝛿(𝜔 − 𝜔0 )𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝜔 = 𝑒 0
2𝜋 −∞ 2𝜋

𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑗𝜔0 𝑡 ↔ 𝑋(𝜔) = 2𝜋 𝛿(𝜔 − 𝜔0 )

1 𝑗𝜔 𝑡
𝑥(𝑡) = cos 𝜔0 𝑡 = (𝑒 0 + 𝑒 −𝑗𝜔0 𝑡 )
2

1 𝑗𝜔 𝑡
ℱ{𝑥(𝑡)} = ℱ{cos 𝜔0 𝑡} = ∫ (𝑒 0 + 𝑒 −𝑗𝜔0 𝑡 )𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 𝜋 [𝛿(𝜔 − 𝜔0 ) + 𝛿(𝜔 + 𝜔0 )]
−∞ 2
1
𝑥(𝑡) = sin 𝜔0 𝑡 = (𝑒 𝑗𝜔0 𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑗𝜔0 𝑡 )
2𝑗

1
ℱ{𝑥(𝑡)} = ℱ{cos 𝜔0 𝑡} = ∫ (𝑒 𝑗𝜔0 𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑗𝜔0 𝑡 )𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑗𝜋 [𝛿(𝜔 + 𝜔0 ) − 𝛿(𝜔 − 𝜔0 )]
−∞ 2𝑗
𝑥(𝑡) ↔ 𝑋(𝜔)
𝑦(𝑡) ↔ 𝑌(𝜔)
𝑧(𝑡) = 𝛼𝑥(𝑡) + 𝛽𝑦(𝑡) ↔ 𝑍(𝜔) = 𝛼𝑋(𝜔) + 𝛽𝑌(𝜔)
∞ ∞ ∞
𝑍(𝜔) = ℱ{𝛼𝑥(𝑡) + 𝛽𝑦(𝑡)} = ∫ [𝛼𝑥(𝑡) + 𝛽𝑦(𝑡)]𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 𝛼 ∫ 𝑥(𝑡)𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + 𝛽 ∫ 𝑦(𝑡)𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝑡
−∞ −∞ −∞

ℱ{𝛼𝑥(𝑡) + 𝛽𝑦(𝑡)} = 𝛼𝑋(𝜔) + 𝛽𝑌(𝜔)

𝑥(𝑡) ↔ 𝑋(𝜔)
𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡 − 𝑡0 ) ↔ 𝑌(𝜔) = 𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝑡0 𝑋(𝜔)

𝑌(𝜔) = ℱ{𝑦(𝑡)} = ℱ{𝑥(𝑡 − 𝑡0 )} = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡 − 𝑡0 )𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝑡
−∞

𝑡 − 𝑡0 = 𝜆 𝑡 = 𝜆 + 𝑡0 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑑𝜆
∞ ∞
ℱ{𝑥(𝑡 − 𝑡0 )} = ∫ 𝑥(𝜆)𝑒 −𝑗𝜔(𝜆+𝑡0 ) 𝑑𝜆 = 𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝑡0 ∫ 𝑥(𝜆)𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝜆 𝑑𝜆 = 𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝑡0 𝑋(𝜔)
−∞ −∞

𝑥(𝑡) ↔ 𝑋(𝜔)

𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑗𝜔0 𝑡 𝑥(𝑡) ↔ 𝑌(𝜔) = 𝑋(𝜔 − 𝜔0 )



𝑌(𝜔) = ℱ{𝑦(𝑡)} = ℱ{𝑒 𝑗𝜔0 𝑡 𝑥(𝑡)} = ∫ 𝑒 𝑗𝜔0 𝑡 𝑥(𝑡) 𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝑡
−∞

𝑌(𝜔) = ℱ{𝑦(𝑡)} = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) 𝑒 −𝑗(𝜔−𝜔0 )𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑋(𝜔 − 𝜔0 )
−∞

𝑥(𝑡) ↔ 𝑋(𝜔)
1 𝜔
𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝛼𝑡) ↔ 𝑋( )
|𝛼| 𝛼

𝑌(𝜔) = ℱ{𝑦(𝑡)} = ℱ{𝑥(𝛼𝑡)} = ∫ 𝑥(𝛼𝑡) 𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝑡
−∞

1
𝛼𝑡 = 𝜆 𝑑𝑡 = 𝛼 𝑑𝜆


−𝑗𝜔
𝜆 1 1 ∞ 𝜔 1 𝜔
ℱ{𝑥(𝛼𝑡)} = ∫ 𝑥(𝜆) 𝑒 𝛼 𝑑𝜆 = ∫ 𝑥(𝜆) 𝑒 −𝑗 𝛼 𝜆 𝑑𝜆 = 𝑋( )
−∞ 𝛼 𝛼 −∞ |𝛼| 𝛼

𝛼 = −1
𝑥(−𝑡) ↔ 𝑋(−𝜔)

𝑥(𝑡) ↔ 𝑋(𝜔)
𝑥 ∗ (𝑡) ↔ 𝑋 ∗ (−𝜔)

𝑥(𝑡)

𝑋(𝜔) = ℱ{𝑥(𝑡)} = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡)𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝑡
−∞

∞ ∗ ∞ ∞
∗ (𝜔) −𝑗𝜔𝑡 ∗
𝑋 = [∫ 𝑥(𝑡)𝑒 𝑑𝑡] = ∫ [𝑥(𝑡)𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝑡] = ∫ 𝑥 ∗ (𝑡)𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝑡
−∞ −∞ −∞


𝑋 ∗ (−𝜔) = ∫ 𝑥 ∗ (𝑡)𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝑡
−∞

𝑥 ∗ (𝑡) ↔ 𝑋 ∗ (−𝜔)

𝑥(𝑡)
𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑥 ∗ (𝑡)

𝑋(𝜔) = 𝑋 ∗ (−𝜔) ∨ 𝑋(−𝜔) = 𝑋 ∗ (𝜔)

𝑋(𝜔) = |𝑋(𝜔)| 𝑒 𝑗𝜑(𝜔)

𝑋 ∗ (𝜔) = |𝑋 ∗ (𝜔)| 𝑒 −𝑗𝜑(𝜔)

𝑋 ∗ (−𝜔) = |𝑋 ∗ (−𝜔)| 𝑒 −𝑗𝜑(−𝜔)


|𝑋(𝜔)| = |𝑋(−𝜔)|

𝜑(𝜔) = −𝜑(−𝜔)

𝑥(𝑡)
𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑥 ∗ (𝑡)
{
𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑥(−𝑡)

𝑋(𝜔) = 𝑋 ∗ (−𝜔) ∨ 𝑋(−𝜔) = 𝑋 ∗ (𝜔)


{
𝑋(𝜔) = 𝑋(−𝜔)

𝑋(𝜔) = 𝑋(−𝜔) = 𝑋 ∗ (𝜔)


𝑥(𝑡)
𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑥 ∗ (𝑡)
{
𝑥(𝑡) = −𝑥(−𝑡)

𝑋(𝜔) = 𝑋 ∗ (−𝜔) ∨ 𝑋(−𝜔) = 𝑋 ∗ (𝜔)


{
𝑋(𝜔) = −𝑋(−𝜔)

𝑋(𝜔) = −𝑋(−𝜔) = −𝑋 ∗ (𝜔)


 (−𝜋)
𝜋
 (± 2 )

𝑥(𝑡) ↔ 𝑋(𝜔)
𝑥 ′ (𝑡) ↔ 𝑗𝜔𝑋(𝜔)

1 ∞
𝑥(𝑡) = ∫ 𝑋(𝜔)𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝜔
2𝜋 −∞

1 ∞
𝑥′(𝑡) = ∫ 𝑗𝜔𝑋(𝜔)𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝜔 ∴ ℱ{𝑥′(𝑡)} = 𝑗𝜔𝑋(𝜔)
2𝜋 −∞

𝑥(𝑡) ↔ 𝑋(𝜔)
𝑦(𝑡) ↔ 𝑌(𝜔)
𝑧(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡) ∗ 𝑦(𝑡) ↔ 𝑍(𝜔) = 𝑋(𝜔)𝑌(𝜔)
∞ ∞
𝑍(𝜔) = ℱ{𝑥(𝑡) ∗ 𝑦(𝑡)} = ∫ [∫ 𝑥(𝑡 − 𝜏) 𝑦(𝜏) 𝑑𝜏] 𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝑡
−∞ −∞

∞ ∞ ∞
𝑍(𝜔) = ℱ{𝑥(𝑡) ∗ 𝑦(𝑡)} = ∫ [∫ 𝑥(𝑡 − 𝜏) 𝑒 −𝑗𝜔(𝑡−𝜏) 𝑑𝑡] 𝑦(𝜏)𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝜏 𝑑𝜏 = 𝑋(𝜔) ∫ 𝑦(𝜏)𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝜏 𝑑𝜏
−∞ −∞ −∞

ℱ{𝑥(𝑡) ∗ 𝑦(𝑡)} = 𝑋(𝜔)𝑌(𝜔)

𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡) ∗ 𝛿(𝑡)


𝑌(𝜔) = 𝑋(𝜔)Δ(𝜔) = 𝑋(𝜔)

𝑥(𝑡) ↔ 𝑋(𝜔)
𝑦(𝑡) ↔ 𝑌(𝜔)

1
𝑧(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡)𝑦(𝑡) ↔ 𝑍(𝜔) = 𝑋(𝜔) ∗ 𝑌(𝜔)
2𝜋
𝑥(𝑡) ↔ 𝑋(𝜔)

𝑡
1
∫ 𝑥(𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 ↔ 𝑋(𝜔) + 𝜋 𝑋(0) 𝛿(𝜔)
−∞ 𝑗𝜔

𝑥(𝑡) ↔ 𝑋(𝜔)

1 ∞
∫ |𝑥(𝑡)|2 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ |𝑋(𝜔)|2 𝑑𝜔
−∞ 2𝜋 −∞
∞ ∞
∫ |𝑥(𝑡)|2 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) 𝑥 ∗ (𝑡) 𝑑𝑡
−∞ −∞

1 ∞
𝑥(𝑡) = ℱ −1 {𝑋(𝜔)} = ∫ 𝑋(𝜔)𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝜔
2𝜋 −∞

1 ∞ ∗
𝑥 ∗ (𝑡) = ∫ 𝑋 (𝜔)𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝜔
2𝜋 −∞

∞ ∞ ∞
1 ∞
∫ |𝑥(𝑡)|2 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) 𝑥 ∗ (𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝑥(𝑡) [ ∫ 𝑋 ∗ (𝜔)𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝜔] 𝑑𝑡
−∞ −∞ −∞ 2𝜋 −∞


1 ∞ ∗ ∞
∫ |𝑥(𝑡)|2 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝑋 (𝜔) [∫ 𝑥(𝑡) 𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝑡] 𝑑𝜔
−∞ 2𝜋 −∞ −∞


1 ∞ ∗ 1 ∞
∫ |𝑥(𝑡)|2 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 𝑋 (𝜔) 𝑋(𝜔) 𝑑𝜔 = ∫ |𝑋(𝜔)|2 𝑑𝜔
−∞ 2𝜋 −∞ 2𝜋 −∞

|𝑋(𝜔)|2

𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑗𝜔0 𝑡 ↔ 𝑋(𝜔) = 2𝜋 𝛿(𝜔 − 𝜔0 )

𝜔0 2𝜋

𝑋(𝜔) = 2𝜋 𝛿(𝜔 − 𝜔0 )

1 ∞
𝑥(𝑡) = ∫ 2𝜋 𝛿(𝜔 − 𝜔0 ) 𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝜔 = 𝑒 𝑗𝜔0 𝑡
2𝜋 −∞

∆𝜔 = 𝜔0
2𝜋 𝑐𝑘

𝑋(𝜔) = ∑ 2𝜋 𝑐𝑘 𝛿(𝜔 − 𝑘𝜔0 )


𝑘=−∞

∞ ∞
1
𝑥(𝑡) = ∑ 2𝜋 𝑐𝑘 ∫ 𝛿(𝜔 − 𝑘𝜔0 ) 𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝜔
2𝜋 −∞
𝑘=−∞

𝑥(𝑡) = ∑ 𝑐𝑘 𝑒 𝑗𝑘𝜔0 𝑡
𝑘=−∞

𝑥(𝑡)
𝑐𝑘 2𝜋𝑐𝑘

𝑋(𝜔) = ∑ 2𝜋 𝑐𝑘 𝛿(𝜔 − 𝑘𝜔0 )


𝑘=−∞

𝑝(𝑡) = ∑ 𝛿(𝑡 − 𝑘𝑇)


𝑘=−∞

𝑝(𝑡)

𝑇/2 𝑇/2 ∞
1 1
𝑐𝑛 = ∫ 𝑝(𝑡) 𝑒 −𝑗𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ ∑ 𝛿(𝑡 − 𝑛𝑇) 𝑒 −𝑗𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑇 𝑇
−𝑇/2 −𝑇/2 𝑛=−∞

𝑇 𝑇
[− 2 ; 2]
𝑛=0
𝑇/2
1 1
𝑐𝑛 = ∫ 𝛿(𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 =
𝑇 𝑇
−𝑇/2

2𝜋
𝑃(𝜔) = ∑ 𝛿(𝜔 − 𝑛𝜔0 )
𝑇
𝑛=−∞

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy