Irc - SP 30-2019

IRC:SP:30-2019
First Published December, 1984

First Revision November, 1993
Reprinted December, 2001
Reprinted August, 2005
Second Revison November, 2009
Reprinted May, 2012
Reprinted October, 2018
Third Revision December, 2019
(All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication shall be reproduced,

translated or transmitted in any form or by any means without the
permission of the Indian Roads Congress)
Printed at India Offset Press, Delhi - 110 064

600 Copies
IRC:SP:30-2019
CONTENTS
5. No. Description Page No.
Personnel of the Highways Specifications and Standards Committee
Glossary of Terms iii
1. Introduction 1
2. Basic Concepts of Economic Analysis 3
3. Time Value of Money 5
4. Total Transportation Cost 8
5. Determination of Highway Costs 8
6. Determination of Benefits 11
7. Techniques of Economic Evaluation 23

8. Stages Involved in Economic Evaluation 43
References 45
Annex-A 48
Annex-B 52
Annex-C 61
Annex-D 62
IRC:SP:30-2019
PERSONNEL OF THE HIGHWAYS SPECIFICATIONS
AND STANDARDS COMMITTEE
(As on 20.07.2019)
1 Pandey, I.K. Director General (Road Development) & Special Secretary to Govt. of India,
(Convenor) Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, New Delhi
2 Balakrishna, Y. Additional Director General, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways,

(Co-Convenor) New Delhi
3 Kumar, Sanjeev Chief Engineer (R) S, R & T, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways,
(Member Secretary) New Delhi
Members
4 Behera, Bijan Kumar Engineer-in-Chief (Civil) (Retd.), Odisha

5 Bose, Dr. Sunil Head (Retd.), FP Division, Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi
6 Chandra, Dr. Satish Director, Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi
7 Gupta, D.P. DG(RD) & AS (Retd.), Ministry of Surface Transport, New Delhi
8 Jain, R.K. Chief Engineer (Retd.), PWD Haryana
9 Kapila, K.K. Chairman & Managing Director, ICT Pvt. Ltd ., New Delhi
10 Kukrety, B.P. Associate Director, CEG Ltd ., New Delhi
11 Kumar, Dr. Mahesh Engineer-in-Chief (Retd.), PWD (B&R) Haryana
12 Lal, Chaman Engineer-in-Chief (Retd.), PWD Haryana
13 Meena, H.L. Secretary (Retd.), PWD Rajasthan
14 Nashikkar, J.T. Secretary (Retd.), PWD Maharashtra
15 Nirmal, S.K. Secretary General, Indian Roads Congress, New Delhi
16 Parida, Prof. (Dr.) M. Deputy Director, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee
17 Patel, S.I. Secretary (Retd.), PWD (Roads and Buildings) Gujarat
18 Prasad, R. Jai Engineer-in-Chief (Retd .), PWD & Bangalore Mahanagar Palike, Karnataka
19 Rawat, M.S. Executive Director, AECOM India Pvt. Ltd .
20 Reddy, Dr. K.S. Krishna Secretary, Public Works, Ports & Inland Water Transport Department,
Karnataka
21 Reddy, I.G. Engineer-in-Chief (NH, CRF & Buildings), PWD Hyderabad
22 Reddy, Prof. (Dr.) K.S . Professor, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur
23 Sharma, S.C. DG(RD) & AS (Retd.), Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, New Delhi
24 Shrivastava, A.K. Additional Director General (Retd .), Ministry of Road Transport and
Highways, New Delhi
25 Singh, Nirmaljit DG(RD) & SS (Retd.), Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, New Delhi
26 Sinha,A.V. DG(RD) & SS (Retd.), Min istry of Road Transport and Highways, New Delhi
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27 The Chief Engineer PWD Arunachal Pradesh

(Basar, Tali)
28 The Addi. DGBR (North-West) Border Roads Organisation, New Delhi
(Kumar, Anil)
29 The Director (Tech.) National Rural Infrastructure Development Agency, New Delhi
(Pradhan, B.C.)
30 The General Manager National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation, New Delhi
(Projects) (Retd.)
(Kaul, Satish)
31 The JICA Expert Japan International Cooperation Agency, New Delhi
(Kitayama, Michiya)
32 The Member (Projects) National Highways Authority of India, New Delhi
(Pandey, R.K.)
33 The Professor Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur
(Chakroborty, Dr. Partha)
34 The Secretary Roads and Buildings Department, Gujarat
(Vasava, S.B.)
35 The Secretary (Roads) PWD Maharashtra
(Jflshi, C.P.)
36 The Secretary (Tech.) Roads and Buildings Department, Jammu & Kashmir
(Tickoo, Bimal) (Retd.)
37 The Special Director CPWD, Nirman Bhawan, New Delhi
General (Retd.)
(Bansal, M.C.)
38 Venkatesha, M.C. Consultant
39 Wasson,Ashok Member (Tech .) (Retd.), National Highways Authority of India, New Delhi
Corresponding Members
1 Jaigopal, R.K. MD, Struct Geotech Research Laboratories (P) Ltd., Bengaluru
2 Justo, Prof. (Dr.) C.E .G. Professor (Retd.), Emeritus (Expired in June, 2019)
3 Veeraragavan, Prof. (Dr.) A. Professor, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
Ex-Officio Members
1 President, (Basar, Tali), Chief Engineer, PWD Arunachal Pradesh

Indian Roads Congress
2 Director General (Road (Pandey, I.K.), Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, New Delhi
Development) & Special
Secretary to Govt. of India
3 Secretary General, Nirmal, Sanjay Kumar

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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
~ Indian Rupee
2L Two Lane Undivided Carriageway
4L Four Lane Divided Carriageway
6L Six Lane Divided Carriageway
8L Eight Lane Divided Carriageway
A End-of-year Equal Annual Payments for n years
ADT Average Daily Traffic
B Bus
B/C or B-C Benefit-Cost Radio
Bl British Towed Fifth Wheel Bump Integrator
Bt Value of Benefits which occur in the year t
C Cars including Small and Big
CA Compound Amount
CB Big Car
cc Centimeter Cube
CFO Distance related Congestion Factor
CFT Time related Congestion Factor
CIF Cost Insurance and Freight
CHC Commodity Holding Cost in ~/km
CRF Capital Recovery Factor
CRRI Central Road Research Institute
cs Small Car
CSIR Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
CV Curvature in deg/km
cw Crew Cost in ~/km
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DC Depreciation Cost in ~/km
DCF Discounted Cash Flow
EOL Engine Oil in liters/1000 km
ET Excluding Taxes
EW Expressway
F Sum of Money at a Future Date
FXT Fixed Cost in ~/km
FC Fuel Consumption in cc/km
FL Fall in m/km
G Grease in kg/10,000 km
GNP Gross National Product
HGV Two-Axle Heavy Commercial Vehicles
HOM Highway Development and Maintenance
hr Hour
Interest Rate (compound) per annum or Discount Rate
lndo-HCM Indian Highway Capacity Manual
IL Intermediate Lane Carriageway
IRC Indian Roads Congress
IRI International Roughness Index
IRR Internal Rate of Return
IT Including Taxes
km Kilometer
LC Maintenance and Labor Cost in ~/km
LCV Light Commercial Vehicles
m Meters
MARR Minimum Attractive Rate of Return
mm Millimeters
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MCV Multi-Axle Heavy Commercial Vehicles
MORTH Ministry of Road Transport and Highways
MOST Ministry of Surface Transport
n Number of Years
NHDP National Highway Development Program
NPV Net Present Value
NP New Price of the Vehicle in ~
0-D Origin - Destination
OL Other Oil in Liters/10,000 km

p Present Sum of Money
PCU Passenger Car Units
PMGSY Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
PT Passenger Time Cost in ~/km
PW Present Worth
PWR Power Weight Ratio
Q Volume of Traffic in PC Us/hour
RF Rise and Fall in m/km
RG Roughness in mm/km
ROB Road Over Bridge
RS Rise in m/km
RUCS Road User Cost Study
SCA Compound Amount Factor of Uniform Series
SFF Sinking Fund Factor
SF Speed-Flow
SL Single Lane
SP Spare Part Cost ~/km
SPW Present Worth Factor
V
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T Tonnes
TL Tyre Life in km
TW Two Wheeler
UPD Utilization per Day in km/day
URUCS Updation of Road User Cost Study
V Speed in km/h
V-C or V/C Volume-Capacity Ratio
voe Vehicle Operating Cost
VOT Value of Passenger Tim'3
WorW 0 Width of Total Carriageway in m
WD Width of Carriageway in one direction in m
WPI Wholesale Price Index
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MANUAL ON ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF
HIGHWAY PROJECTS IN INDIA
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 During the last fifty years, a number of research studies 2 ,3 .4.5 .5 .7.a,15,22 ,23 ,24 •26 ,27 have
been conducted to understand the relationship between the standards of road design (which
depends upon the investments/costs) and the road user cost. Further, the changing vehicle
technology, traffic mix and road conditions have necessitated the research on road user
cost to be reviewed and updated periodically so as to adequately represent the changed
conditions. For a proper assessment of economics of road projects, it is felt prudent to
develop a uniform method of economic evaluation based on realistic quantification of costs
and benefits. Moreover, this would facilitate rapid evaluation so that a large number of
schemes/alternatives can be broadly evaluated to assist the decision makers in their job.
Based on the above studies, the 'Manual on Economic Evaluation of Highway Projects in
India' was first published in 1984 and subsequently revised in 1993 (first revision) and in
2009 (second revision). However, it is to be noted that even the manual of 2009 has become
outdated and therefore it was felt essential to update the manual in the light of revised and
updated Road User Cost (RUG) data developed based on the research study carried out by
Central Road Research Institute (CRRl) 4 sponsored by Council of Scientific and Industrial
Research (CSIR) as part of the 11 th Five Year Plan. In view of this, Transport Planning
and Traffic Engineering Committee (H-1) of Indian Roads Congress had decided in its first
meeting held on 25.05.2018 to undertake the third revision of this publication by taking the
research output from the above study as the base.
Consequently, the H-1 Committee constituted an expert group in the above meeting
consisting of Dr. Satish Chandra (Convenor), Dr. E. Madhu and Dr. S. Velmurugan. This
expert group was requested to prepare an updated manual incorporating the findings
of various studies for consideration by this Committee. The draft prepared by the expert
group was deliberated in various meetings of H-1 Committee. The H-1 Committee in its
meeting held on 17.05.2019 approved the document subject to incorporation of comments
of members for placing before HSS Committee.
The composition of H-1 Committee is given below:
Chandra, Dr. Satish Convenor

Ram, Dr. Sewa Co-Convenor
Madhu, Dr. E. Member-Secretary
Members
Chunduru, Venkata Subbarao Director, NATPAC (Rep. by Shaheem S.)

Khandelwal, S.S. DGBR (Sawhney, Col. J.S.)
Palekar, R.C. IIT Bhubaneswar (Dey, Dr. P.P.)
Patankar, V.L. IIT Bombay (Mathew, Dr. Tom V.)
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Popli, S.K. IIT Delhi (Rao, Dr. K.R.)

Rawat, M.S. IIT Kharagpur (Maitra, Dr. Bhargab)
Singh , Pawan Kumar IIT Roorkee (Rastogi, Dr. Rajat)
Sinha,A.V. Spl. Commissioner of Police, Traffic
CE (S, R & T), MORTH
(Kumar, Sanjeev)
Corresponding Members
Gangopadhyay, Dr. S. Venkatesha, M.C.
Ex-Officio Members
President, (Basar, Toli), Chief Engineer,
Indian Roads Congress PWD Arunachal Pradesh
Director General (Pandey, I.K.), Ministry of Road
(Road Development) & Special Transport & Highways
Secretary to Govt. of India
Secretary General, Nirmal, Sanjay Kumar
The draft document was placed before the Highways Specifications and Standards Committee
(HSS) in its meeting held on 20.07.2019. The HSS Committee decided that Convenor, H-1
Committee will modify the document based on comments offered during the meeting and will
submit the final document to IRC for placing before the IRC Mid-Term Council meeting. The
Mid-Term Council in its meeting held on 9th and 10th August, 2019 at Goa requested Convenor
H-1 Committee to modify the document based on comments offered during the meeting and
submit to IRC for placing before next Executive Committee (EC), who was authorized to take call
about approval and publication of this document. The document was again discussed by the H-1
Committee and approved the same in its meeting held on 21.11.2019 for sending to EC of IRC.
The EC in its meeting held on 19.12.2019 approved the document for publishing.
1.2 For a developing country like India, roads and road transport play an important role in
economic growth. The construction of roads brings about a variety of benefits that are enjoyed
practically by all sectors of the economy. The scarcity of resources and competing demands
from various sectors are the dominating features of a developing economy. It, therefore,
becomes extremely necessary to allocate the scare resources in the most beneficial manner
amongst various sectors and, within a sector, amongst various schemes. In the absence of an
adequate database, highway planners in India have been selecting schemes on a tentative
basis, depending primarily on past experiences. It is quite likely that such an ad-hoc approach
might lead to the selection of wrong solutions. For example, the planners so far placed a heavy
reliance on the cost of construction of the facility initially, which they could estimate accurately,
when selecting alternative schemes. Other important aspects such as the cost of maintaining the
facility in future and the cost borne by the road user were disregarded.
1.3 With the accomplishment of the Road User Cost Study (RUGS) completed in India in
1982 and the subsequent updating of RUCS data carried out in 1992, 2001 and 2011, it is now
possible for the highway planners to evaluate the benefits from highway projects on an accurate
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basis. Consequently, economic analysis of highway projects has become more scientific and
rational.
1.4 Highway economic analysis, also known as highway project appraisal is a technique
whereby the costs of and benefits from a scheme are quantified over a selected time horizon and
evaluated by a common yardstick. The technique is also known as Benefit-Cost (B-C) analysis.
1.5 Economic evaluation serves a number of purposes 9·17 ·18 ·27 •28 which included the
following:
(i) Preparation of highway plans at the national, regional or local level within the overall
development plan.
(ii) To rank schemes within the highway sector plan competing for scarce resources in
order of priority.
(iii) To assess in phasing the road programme over a period of time depending upon the
availability of resources.
(iv) To compare mutually exclusive schemes and select the most attractive.
(v) To determine whether a scheme under consideration is worth investing.
(vi) To evaluate alternative strategies such as stage-construction or full construction;
alternative specifications such as flexible pavement or rigid pavement; alternative
policies such as increased outlay on maintenance or increased outlay on rehabilitation;
alternative design standards and alternative policy options on axle loads.
The present manual is intended to help the highway planners and engineers in India to undertake
economic evaluation of highway projects under non-urban conditions. The manual has been
prepared from various published books and other sources which have been referenced so that
the more inquisitive reader may be able to reach the original material if need be.
2. BASIC CONCEPTS OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
2.1 The subject of highway economic analysis has developed during the past five decades
through the contribution of analysis belonging to various disciplines and notably highway
engineers and economists. There were many issues on which conflicting viewpoints prevailed
in the early stages of the evolution of the subject, but with the passage of time, there is now
a general agreement on many important concepts. The analyst now has the advantage of the
collective wisdom of the earlier practitioners of the art.
2.2 National View Point
In the highway sector, the construction and maintenance of the highways are financed from
government funds, whereas the highway user is the general public. This implies that the costs
of construction and maintenance are borne by the government, whereas the benefits arising out
of highway construction and improvements are reaped by the general public. The construction
of a highway or its improvement may also have an effect on another mode of transport, such
as the railways, wholly owned and operated by the government. It is therefore logical that the
multiplicity of interests can be encompassed if the economic analysis is done from a national
view point, rather than a restricted view point of the government or one of its wings or the public
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at large. This implies that consequences to any person or anybody in the country should be
accounted for in the analysis.
2.3 Difference between Economic Analysis and Financial Analysis
In financial analysis, one is concerned with the ways and means of financing a project (by
floating bonds or by levying toll) and the financial profitability of the project. Economic analysis,
on the other hand, is not concerned with the sources of financing, the availability of funds and
the allocation of funds 28 ·29 . As such, funding of projects is a management decision . For example,
the construction of a tolled highway or expressway has to be examined on the basis of its cost
and the expected toll collections and the management may take a decision to construct the
same if the toll collection seems to be attractive enough. Such an analysis is financial in nature.
Economic viability which concerns with the consequences to all segments of the society, will still
be necessary in such a case to establish its economic viability. However, even after the economic
viability of a project has been established, the government may not take up the project due to
lack of funds or because of the fact that the financial analysis has indicated that the returns are
not attractive for the funding and recovery procedure selected.
2.4 Analysis is a Study of the Future
Economic analysis is not concerned about past events and investments. It is essentially a study
of the future. The analysis, therefore, should estimate future traffic, costs and benefits.
2.5 All Possible Alternatives should be considered
The very basis of economic analysis being the selection of the most attractive option and in this
regard, it is necessary that the analyst evaluates a number of possible alternatives. Of course,
the basic alternative is the 'do-nothing', or the continuation of the present situation. All other
alternatives are evaluated against this basic condition.
2.6 Marginal Differences

When considering a number of alternatives, it is not sufficient to evaluate each of them against
the basic "do-nothing" alternative. It is also advantageous to consider the marginal differences
in costs and benefits between two alternatives and carry out incremental analysis to establish
whether the increment in investment also yields justifiable incremental benefits .
2.7 All Consequences should be considered
The investments on highways bring about a variety of consequences, some of which can be
quantified into monetary terms and some cannot. All consequences which can be quantified
monetarily should be considered and included in the analysis. Non-quantifiable effects should
also be identified and presented to the decision maker. For example, impact of the project on
the environment is an extremely important consideration in building highways. But it is very
difficult to quantify in monetary terms the adverse effect on environment. All the same, at the
Project Appraisal stage, the highway engineer must at least qualitatively highlight the effect on
environment.
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2.8 Analysis Period should not extend beyond the Period of Reliable Forecasts
There is considerable uncertainty of forecasts beyond a certain reasonable period. Human

behaviour may change, travel pattern may undergo a shift and technology may experience
transformation. Thus it is worthwhile to limit the analysis period to one of reliable forecasts.
Moreover, since future costs and benefits are to be discounted, the inclusion or omission of costs
or benefits beyond a reasonable period is hardly likely to influence the results. A period of 15-20
years beyond the completion of the project is generally considered for highway projects whereas
in the case of expressway projects, the analysis period is considered up to 25 years.
2.9 All Future Cash Flows to be brought to a Common Time Datum
The present and future costs and benefits occur at different points of time. In order to evaluate
them on a common basis, they should be reduced to equivalent values at a common date. This
procedure is known as discounted cash flow and is based on the concept of time value of money.
2.10 Cost and Benefit Components of Equal Magnitude
There may be some cost and benefit components which remain equal in magnitude for all the
alternatives. They may be omitted since they will in any case cancel out in the analysis.
3. TIME VALUE OF MONEY
3.1 Concept of Time Value of Money

Money appreciates in value in course of time due to the interest it earns. To illustrate the concept,
consider {100 today, which if invested at 10 percent compound rate of interest, becomes {673
at the end of 20 years. Thus, {100 today is worth {673 at the end of 20 years. In other words,
{673 at the end of 20 years is worth only {100 now. This concept helps the analyst in reducing all
future costs and benefits to a common date and thus evaluate on a common basis. The concept
is thus the foundation on which the entire structure of economic analysis is built.
3.2 Definition of Commonly Used Terms

Interest is defined as the money paid for borrowed money. It also indicates the return obtainable
by the productive investment of capital.
Interest Rate is the interest paid or the return obtained at the end of one year, expressed
as a percentage of the capital at the beginning of the year. Interest rate can be either simple
rate (where the interest is paid to the lender every year) or compound rate (where the interest
accrued is added to the capital).
Present Worth is the present value of a future payment or a series of future payments at the
given rate of interest. In the example given in Para 3.1, the present worth of {673 at the end of
twenty years is {100 at a rate of interest of 10 percent per annum (compound).
Discounting is the process of calculating the present worth of a future payment. Thus, in the
above example , {673 at the end of 20 years , when discounted at 10 percent per annum , amounts
to {100 at the present time. Discount rate is the interest rate at which future payments are
reduced to a common time.
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Rate of Return is the term commonly used in economic analysis for the rate at which economic
benefits are obtained by a project. Though it generally means the same as interest rate of discount
rate are more appropriate in economic analysis. The term interest rate is more commonly used
while borrowing capital.
Minimum Attractive Rate of Return (MARR) is that rate of return which must be ensured in any
project if it has to be selected for implementation.
3.3 Compound Interest Equations

The mathematical problems involving compound interest have been simplified by the use of six
standard equations presented in Table 1.
Table 1 Compound Interest Equations
5.
Equation Use Factor
No.
F = p (l + Given P, to
1 i)n (1 + i)n is known as Compound Amount (CA) Factor
find F
1
F Given F, to Ci + 1r is known as Present Worth (PW) factor of
2 P=--
Ci+ 1r find P Single Sum
(1 + on - 1 Given A, to (1 + on -1 is known as Compound Amount Factor of
3 F = . •A i
l find F Uniform Series (SCA)
i Given F, to
4 A= F •
(1 + on - 1 c1 + i;n _ 1 is known as Sinking Fund Factor (SFF)
find A
(1 + on -1
(1 + on - 1 •A Given A, to i. c1 + on is known as Present Worth Factor of Uniform
5 p =
i * (1 + on find P Series (SPW)
i * (1 + i)n Given P, to i * (1 + i)n
6 A=
c1 + ir-1
*p Ci+ i)n _ 1 is known as Capital Recovery Factor (CRF)
find A
Where, P = present sum of money;
i= interest rate (compound) per annum
n= number of years
F= sum of money at a future date
A = end-of-year equal annual payments for n years
Using the above formulas the future worth of money can be calculated under given interest
rates. The use of above formulas is illustrated in the following examples:
Example 1:
Find the future worth oft 1,00,000 at the end of 20 years invested at a compound rate of interest
of 12 percent per annum.
From Table 1, CA (i=12%; n=20 years) can be calculated as = 9.6463
Therefore, future worth at the end of 20 years = t 1,00,000 X 9.6463
= t 9,64,630
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Example 2:
What is the present worth of a sum oft 75,000 at the end of 10 years when the discount rate is
10 percent per annum?
From Table 1, PW (i=10%; n=10 years) can be calculated as = 0.3855

Therefore , present worth at the end of 10 years = { 75,000 X 0.3855
= t 28,912.50
Example 3:
The annual cost of maintenance of a new road thrown open to traffic is t 15,00,000. What is the
future worth of this expenditure at the end of 10 years when the rate of interest is 15 percent per
annum?
From Table 1, SCA (i=15%; n=10 Years) can be calculated as= 20.3037
Therefore, future worth at the end of 10 years = t 15,00,000 x 20.3037
= t 3,04,55,550
Example 4:
A major rehabilitation of a pavement will be done 10 years from hence at a cost oft 100 lakh.
What should be the series of uniform annual payments that must be set apart to accumulate this
amount, if the interest rate is 9 percent per annum?
From Table 1, SFF (i=9%; n=10 years) can be calculated as= 0.0658
Therefore, amount of uniform annual payment = 0.0658 x t 100 lakh
= t 6.58 lakh
Example 5:
The annual maintenance cost of a major bridge is t 50,000. What is the present worth of this
cost incurred for 10 years after the opening of this bridge? The discount rate may be taken as
12 percent per annum.
From Table 1, SPW (i=12%; n=10 years) can be calculated as = 5.6502

Present Worth = t 50,000 x 5.6502 = t 2,82,510
Example 6:
The cost of construction of a new facility is t 200 crore at current price and is met with by raising
a loan . What is the annual payment of equal amount for 20 years to repay the loan, if the rate of
interest is 10 percent per annum?
Frorn Table 1, CRF (i=10%; n=20 Years) can be calculated as= 0.1175
Equal annual payment to repay the loan = 0.1175 x t 200 crore
= t 23.50 crore
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4. TOTAL TRANSPORTATION COST
4.1 In highway economic analysis, one has to consider the total transportation cost, which
comprises the following:
(1) Cost of construction of the facility initially
(2) Periodic cost of maintaining the facility over its design life
(3) Road User Cost
4.2 The three components are interdependent, and the designer has to choose that
alternative which holds the sum total of the three to a minimum. Road User Cost is composed of
the following main components:
(1) Vehicle Operating Cost
(2) Time Cost
(3) Accident Cost
The detailed discussions on the determination of costs and benefits for economic analysis are
given in later sections.
5. DETERMINATION OF HIGHWAY COSTS
5.1 The first two components of the total transportation discussed earlier, viz. the cost of
construction of the facility initially and the periodic cost maintenance of the facility over its design
life are known collectively by the term 'highway costs'.
5.2 The cost of construction of the facility includes the following:

(i) Survey, investigation and design costs
(ii) Land acquisition costs
(iii) Construction costs
(iv) Physical contingencies (unforeseen items and unforeseen increase in cost not
attributable to escalation and unforeseen increase in quantities)
(v) Supervision, quality control and administration charges
5.3 The cost of maintenance of the facility includes the following:

1. Ordinary repairs such as patch repairs, pot-hole filling, dressing earth work, etc.
2. Periodic repairs, such as renewals and resurfacing
3. Any emergent or special repairs
4. Operational expenses, such as traffic signals, traffic aid posts, lighting, policing
etc.
5. Supervision and administration charges.
5.4 When dealing with the highway costs, it is necessary to phase the same year by year.
For example, if a project estimated to cost~ 500 crore is sanctioned now, the expenditure will
generally be incurred over a period of 3-5 years depending upon various factors. It is necessary
to breakdown the outlays in each year of its construction. As an illustration, the breakdown of
cost for a road project amounting to ~ 500 crore is given in Table 2.
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Table 2 Breakdown of Cost Outlay
Year Cost(~ in Crore)

st
1 Year 50.0 (10%)
2nd Year 100.0 (10%)
3rd Year 150.0 (10%)
4 th Year 200.0 (10%)
Total 500.0 (10%)
Table 3 Breakdown of Cost Outlay during Construction and Maintenance Periods
Year Cost(~ in Crore)

1st
2nd
3rd Construction Period
4th
5th 0.50
5th 0.50
]lh 0.50
gth 0.50
9th 2.00
10th 0.50
11th 0.50
12th 0.50
Similarly, in the case of maintenance costs, year-by-year costs have to be identified. Thus, if the
yearly maintenance cost of the highway project illustrated earlier are ~ 0.50 crore and the cost
of renewal of the surface once in five years is ~ 2.00 crore, it will be represented as given in
Table 3. These values will be same, repeating the cycle, till the design life of the project.
5.5 Difference between Economic Costs and Financial Costs

In economic analysis, one is concerned with economic costs and not financial costs. Financial
costs are easy to determine, because they represent the actual amount one has to pay to get a
road constructed and maintained. They are the engineer's estimates to get the project sanctioned
and they are shown in the account books and budgets. In a perfectly competitive market and
where taxes are not levied, the financial cost is very nearly equal to the economic cost. But
when the market is imperfect and where taxes are levied, the financial costs and economic
costs are not the same. Economic costs are based on the "opportunity cost" of each of the
constituent costs such as labour, material and machinery. In order to derive the economic costs,
these constituents have to be isolated, quantified and adjusted on the basis of certain principles
discussed in the succeeding section.
5.6 Shadow Pricing

In many developing countries, a considerable amount of distortions have arisen in the prices as
a result of government policies , regulations and bad investment planning. This scenario is true
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IRC:SP:30-2019
in the case of Indian situation as the domestic prices of many commodities are administered by
the government and the traded prices are not at par with the international market prices. The
minimum wages, especially of unskilled labour are also fixed statutorily by the government, and
in an over-populated and labour-surplus economy like India, the wages do not truly reflect the
economic cost. Foreign exchange is extremely precious for the Indian economy, but the official
exchange rate does not reflect this. Adjustments needed in the prices of goods and wages to
make them reflect truly their market value are known as shadow pricing.
The wages of unskilled labour are regulated by the government and are also determined by
the bargaining power of the trade unions. Since there is a large unemployment problem in this
sector in the country, the wages paid do not reflect the surplus conditions. If true market forces
were to be at work, the wages might probably come down. The exact determination of the
shadow wage rate depends upon a number of factors and this indeed is a complicated matter.
For Indian conditions, it is assumed that the shadow wage rate is half the actual wages paid. For
semi-skilled and skilled labour, there is no need to do shadow-pricing since there is generally
a scarcity of these categories and the market wages more or less reflect this situation. If the
analyst has reasons to believe that the statutory wage rates are low, there is a justification for
an upward shadow-pricing of semi-skilled and skilled labour wages. The current practice in the
Project Appraisal Division of the Planning Commission is not to segregate labour component
and not to use shadow wage rate 20 .
India is by and large self sufficient in highway construction machinery and materials needed for
the project. Nevertheless special occasions may arise when some items of modern equipment or
some materials have to be imported. For example, sophisticated state of the art hot mix plants,
paver finishers and concrete paving equipment may have to be imported for major projects.
Foreign exchange is scarce in a developing country like India and to value the import cost at the
official exchange rate would be to disregard this fact. Hence, the general practice in the country
is to shadow price foreign exchange at 25 percent above the official rate.
Certain commodities are both produced locally and imported. A typical example is fuel oil. The
domestic price may not reflect the true international price. In such cases, it is desirably to consider
the border price (price at the country's border, which is the CIF price). It is of course, a debatable
point whether the border price should further be adjusted to reflect foreign exchange out-go in
the case of imports. If such adjustment is done, it should bear a relation to the ratio of import to
domestic production of the commodity.
Taxes are levied by the Government on a number of items of goods which are inputs to the
cost of highway project. They include import duty, excise duty and sales tax. Such taxes do not
represent an economic cost as they are not part of the cost of resources used in the production
of the goods. They are in fact transfer payments within the economy. Similarly, license fees fall
into the same category. Certain commodities may be sold in the country of subsidized rates.
Such subsidies should be disregarded in economic evaluation.
All the above principles of shadow pricing apply equally to the cost streams (i.e. highway
construction and maintenance cost) and the benefit streams (i.e. road user benefits). As an
approximation in many of the projects taken up in India, a factor of 0.80 - 0.90 has been used to
convert financial costs of road works to economic costs.
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5.7 Treatment of Inflation
The construction of a highway project takes a number of years and during this period, the cost
of labour, materials and equipment may undergo an inflationary trend. Similarly, the benefits of
reduced Vehicle Operating Costs may be higher in future years due to inflation. Since general
inflation results in the price rise in all goods, the relative prices remain constant. Hence it is the
practice to disregard escalation and inflation, both on the cost stream and the benefit stream.
However, changes in relative prices should be allowed at least up to the extent that they can be
foreseen accurately which can help in demonstrating how they affect costs and benefits differently.
5.8 Modes of Highway Project Implementation and Associated Interest on Capital

Costs
Highway projects in India are primarily financed from government funds i.e. public funded projects
whereas few of the projects implemented under National Highway Development Program
(NHDP) are also being implemented following the Public - Private Partnership (PPP). In addition,
the Government has come up with various innovative financing models and means to mobilize
funds from the market viz. Hybrid Annuity Model (HAM); Toll-Operate-Transfer (TOT) Model, etc.
In the case of public funded projects, it is normally executed either through conventional 'Item
Rate Contract' or through the Engineering Procurement and Construction (EPC) contracts. In
the case of Item Rate Contract project execution, the responsibilities for design, development
and maintenance lie with the Project Authority i.e. road owning agency whereas in the case of
EPC contracts, the onus lie with the contractors. Due to the above mechanism of funding, in the
case of government funded projects, there is no need to include yearly interest on the initial cost
of construction in economic analysis.
In the case of PPP projects, various variants of project implementation being practiced are BOT
(Toll), BOT (Annuity) and Hybrid Annuity depending on the mode of financing. Considering the
fact that the above variants of BOT projects contain private funding, it is necessary to include
interest charges incurred by the private developer.
6. DETERMINATION OF BENEFITS
6.1 The quantification of economic benefits from highway projects is usually much more
difficult than determination of costs. This is because of the following reasons:
• Benefits from highway are varied in nature, some of them are direct and some indirect.
Direct benefits such as reduced Vehicle Operating Costs can be easily measured,
whereas indirect benefits such as improved agriculture and accelerated growth of the
economy cannot be measured easily.
• Even when the benefits are direct, some of them are difficult to quantify. Examples
are: value of passenger time savings, value of reduced air pollution, value of reduced
noise levels and value of improved aesthetics.
• Benefits which occur in the future are closely related to future traffic, forecast of which
is difficult.
• Benefits can be determined only when alternatives are considered. Since there are
many alternatives possible, benefits vary with each comparison. If the analyst misses
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IRC:SP:30-2019
an important alternative, it is likely that an accurate measurement of benefits is missed
and what is achieved by evaluation of other alternatives is either an understatement
or over-statement of benefits.
6.2 Sometimes, confusion is likely to occur in the minds of analysts whether to treat
a particular item, as "costs" or "benefits". Under these circumstances, the simple rule to be
followed to avoid such confusion is to denote the cash out-flows as negative and hence costs,
and cash in-flows as positive and hence benefits.
6.3 Types of Traffic Receiving Benefits
Benefits due to highway projects are received by the following categories of traffic:
(i) Normal traffic
(ii) Diverted traffic
(iii) Generated traffic or induced traffic
Normal traffic is the traffic which would have developed on the existing facility whether or not any
improvements would be made.
Diverted traffic is the traffic diverted on to, or away from, the route or mode being studied. Thus,
the construction or improvement of a road may take away traffic from a railway line. In that case ,
what appears as a benefit to the highway project due to increased traffic is actually a loss to the
railways. Both should be quantified and accounted for. Similarly, if a bypass is constructed for a
congested city, the existing road will be decongested due to traffic diversion and will thus receive
some reduction in VOC . This also should be accounted for. Generated (or induced) traffic is the
new traffic that develops because of new travelers making use of improved or new facility.
The benefits to normal traffic and diverted traffic are evaluated by multiplying the change in user
costs by the change in traffic. However, while dealing with generated traffic, the benefits are
found by multiplying half the change in user costs by the change in traffic 14 ·28 .
6.4 Benefits from Highway Improvements
The benefits from highway improvements can be broadly classified as under:

( 1) Road User benefits
(a) Vehicle Operating Cost (VOC) savings
(b) Value of travel time savings
(c) Value of savings in accident costs
(d) Savings in maintenance costs
(2) Social benefits
(a) Improvements in administration, law and order and defense
(b) Improvements in health and education
(c) Improvements in agriculture, industry, trade and mining
(d) Improvements in environmental standards
(e) Appreciation in value of land adjacent to roads
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Considering the existing state of knowledge in the country, it is possible to monetarily quantify
only the direct road user benefits . Only when sufficient research is carried out on other aspects
can the full quantification of benefits be possible. The present manual, therefore, restricts itself
to only the direct road user benefits.
6.5 Factors Affecting Road User Costs
Research works carried out in India has isolated the effect of the following components on the
road user costs 2 ,3 A.16 .
1. Roadway Factors
(a) Pavement width
(b) Pavement surface type and its riding quality, as measured by its roughness
(c) Vertical profile
(d) Horizontal geometry
(e) Number of junctions per Kilometer (in case of accident costs)
2. Vehicle Factors
(a) Type
(b) Age
(c) Make
(d) Engine horse-power
(e) Power - Weight ratio
3. Traffic Factors
(a) Traffic volume
(b) Traffic composition
(c) Speed
(d) Congestion
The pavement width (W) is considered in meters and generally has the following values:
Single lane roads 3.75 m

Intermediate lane roads 5.5 m
Two lane roads 7.0 m
Four-lane (divided) roads per direction 2 X 3.5 m
Six-Lane (divided) roads per direction 3 X 3.5 m
Eight-Lane (divided) roads/expressways per direction 4 X 3.5 m
The Roughness of the road (RG) is measured by the British Towed Fifth Wheel Bump Integrator
(Bl) and is expressed in mm/km. The recommended roughness values on Indian roads as can
be referred from IRC:SP:16-2019.
The other method of measuring roughness is the International Roughness Index (IRI). The
following equation presents the relationship between Bl (in mm/km) and IRI (in m/km):
Bl = 630*(IRl) 1·12
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The analyst should obtain the actual values from field measurements and use the above values
only when no such measurements have been made.
The vertical profile of the road is measured in terms of meters of Rise and Fall (RF) per Kilometer.
The horizontal curvature is measured by the average degree of Curvature (CV) per Kilometer
and the typical values of RF and CV are presented in Table 4. Fig. 1 depicts the method of
quantification of the same and the quantities can be calculated as given below:
Average curvature of section AB, CV (deg/km)= 0 1+0 2 +0 3 ....... + 0n / Distance AB (km)
Average rise of section AB, RS (m/km) = h 1+h 3 +h 5 ....... +hm / Distance AB (km)
Average fall of section AB, FL (m/km) = h2 +h 4 +h 6 ...••.. +hn / Distance AB (km)
Average rise and fall of section AB, RF (m/km) = h 1+h 2+h 3 ..• +hm +hn / Distance AB (km)
Table 4 Typical Values of RF and CV for various terrains in India
Curvature
Terrain RF
Low Curvature High Curvature
Plain 0-15 Less than 50 Above 50
Rolling 15-30 Less than 100 Above 100
Hilly 30-50 Less than 200 Above 200
A B
Fig. 1 Methods of Specifying the Curvature and Longitudinal Profile of a Road Section
RF and CV are highly correlated and it is generally sufficient to consider one of the two in the
analysis. The number of intersections per Kilometer (J) on a road section influences accident
rate. In highway economic analysis, the effect of traffic on speeds is important. The research
studies conducted 2 ·3 A· 16 have enabled the formulation of the speed-flow equations and the same
are presented in Annex-A.
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6.6 Benefits due to Reduction in Vehicle Operating Cost (VOC)
The Vehicle Operating Cost (VOC) components are:

(1) Fuel
(2) Lubricants
(3) Tyres
(4) Spare parts
(5) Maintenance labour
(6) Depreciation
(7) Wages of crew
(8) Fixed costs (overheads, administration, interest on borrowed capital etc.)
The equations for determining the VOC components for various types of vehicles are given in
Annex-B. The prices of voe inputs used for calculating voe components for various types
of vehicles are given in Annex-C. Based on these, the VOC Tables have been prepared and
presented in Annex-D. As the number of diesel cars is gradually on the increase, the proportion
of cars has been taken in the ratio of 70 percent petrol driven cars to 30 percent diesel driven
cars based on extensive market surveys from recent studies 23 . The VOC values worked for
different vehicle types are as per March 2019 price levels and are exclusive of taxes in the case
of economic costs and inclusive of taxes in the case of financial costs. To obtain the VOC values
for intermediate values of Roughness and Rise/Fall values (i .e. other than those presented
in Annex-D), the VOC values presented for a given vehicle type needs to be interpolated
accordingly.
6. 7 Application of Wholesale Price Index (WPI) Values
It is an established fact that Road User Cost (RUC) would increase in accordance with increase
in Vehicle Operating Cost (VOC) which implies that RUC depends upon the change in Wholesale
Price Index (WPI). Generally, weekly, monthly as well as yearly WPI data is being prepared by
the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (Office of the Economic Advisor)2°. From their website, it
is possible to get the weekly WPI data for every commodity including Transport Equipments and
Parts, Petrol and High Speed Diesel as well as the overall WPI. For quick estimation of VOC for
any year, it is possible to apply the WPI index for all commodities. Some of the VOC components
are considered from CRRI study in 2011 4 and rest are taken from IRC:SP:30-2009 for updation.
Accordingly, the WPI values are taken from both years of 2009 and 2011 to calculate WPI ratios.
However, during this period, the WPI values have become 100 as the base year has been
considered by OEA 20 in the year 2005 and 2012. Taking these aspects into consideration, WPI
values have been calculated as on 31st March, 2011 i.e. the reference analysis year when the
VOC equations were updated by CRRI in 2011 4 study and also 31 st March, 2009 i.e. to consider
the values from IRC:SP:30-2009. The calculated ratios to update the VOC data from 2009 to
2019 and 2011 to 2019 for different items have been shown in Table 5. These WPI ratios have
been appropriately applied for updating the VOC components so as to arrive values for the year
2019.
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Table 5 Calculated WPI Ratios from the years 2009 and 2011 to the year 2019
for Different Components
s. Item WPI Value WPI Ratio WPI Ratio

No. (March 2019) (2019 to 2009) (2019 to 2011)
1 All Commodities 120 1.533 1.303
2 Transport Equipment and Parts 113.3 1.234 1.175
3 Petrol 86 1.596 1.176
4 High Speed Diesel 96.7 1.867 1.645
To calculate VOC for future target years, the WPI values of March 2019 given in Table 5 can be
used as the base and ratio can be calculated for the target year by taking WPI values of target
year from Economic Adviser Website 20 and that ratio thus calculated can be utilised to multiply
the individual VOC components to arrive the cost in the future years.
6.8 Travel Time Savings
Generally, savings in travel time are enjoyed by bus passengers, car passengers and two-
wheeler riders. The travel time values covering various types of road users for March 2019 price
levels 5 are presented in Table 6 which is basically derived by multiplying with the relevant WPI
ratio(s) given in Table 5.
Table 6 Value of Travel Time of Passengers
Value of Time (~/hr)

Transport Mode Multi lane Single and
S. No.
used by Passenger Carriageways/ Two Lane Roads Intermediate Lane
Expressways Roads
1 (a) Small Car 178.5
117.3 98.5
(b) Big Car 258.0
2 Two Wheeler 60.5 60.1 41.3
3 (a) Ordinary Bus 73.2 73.2 27.2
(b) Deluxe Bus 109.0 81.6 -
Since the passenger travel time savings in a developing country like India are not sometimes
considered in economic analysis, the analyst may perform economic analysis with and without
this component. The occupancy of cars, two wheelers and buses should be found from actual
surveys4 . In the absence of the same, the values suggested below may be adopted:
Average occupancy of a Small Car = 3.23

Average occupancy of a Big Car = 4.28
Average occupancy of a Two Wheeler = 1.71
Average occupancy of an Ordinary Bus = 30.0
Average occupancy of a Deluxe Bus = 40.0
However, it is to be noted the above values vary from region to region. For a major project
like Expressway, where travel time savings are very significant, the accurate value of time of
passengers and commodity in transit may have to be determined. The rates suggested for
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IRC:SP:30-2019
passenger travel time values have been appropriately accounted by considering 85 % work trips
and 15 % social/leisure trips based on the studies conducted by CRRl 2 ·3 ·4 .
In the case of commodities, lesser travel time signifies smaller inventory cost. Speedier travel
means that for transporting the same quantity of goods in a certain period, lesser number of
commercial vehicles can be used. Speedier travel leads to reduction in the fixed charges per
km, which every operator has to pay. Quicker travel also results in time savings to the vehicle
crew. The savings in travel time are an important component of the benefits from highway
improvements. Theoretically, it is possible to visualize the savings in cost of holding inventories
by working out the value of goods held during the transport and deriving the interest payment
thereon per hour. The value of commodity in transit may be considered separately for different
types of commercial vehicles plying on different types of carriageways. The types of commercial
vehicle considered are: Light Commercial Vehicles (LCV), Two/Three Axle Heavy Commercial
Vehicles (HCV) and Multi-Axle Heavy Commercial Vehicles (MCV). The values presented in
Table 7 are the updated values of the study titled, "Updation of Road User Cost Data" conducted
by CRRI in 2011 4 by considering the relevant WPI price levels (refer Table 5) as of March, 2019.
Table 7 Value of Commodity on Different Types of Carriageways
s. Type of Vehicle Type Value of Average Load Commodity

No. Carriageway Commodity (tonneNeh) Holding Cost
(~/tonne) (~/day)
1 Multi lane LCV 69,813 6.5 228.0
Carriageways/ HCV 3,09, 182 10.7 1654.8
Expressways MCV 3,51,921 14.8 2606.0
2 Two Lane Roads LCV 66,234 3.2 109.5
HCV 72,707 9.0 333.6
MCV 72,707 14.8 625.4
3 Single/Intermediate LCV 62,669 3.2 101.6
Lane Roads HCV 66,703 8.4 278.8
6.9 Accident Cost Saving
As it is possible to predict the reduction in accidents on account of road improvements, the

accident cost values evolved from the earlier studies can be used after updating using the
ratio of WPI for the economic cost of different types of accidents and economic cost of vehicle
damage. The values presented in Tables 8 and 9 are the updated values, which was primarily
updated from the study titled, "Evaluation of Road Accident Costs" conducted by TCS (1999) 25
considering the relevant WPI price levels (refer Table 5) as of March, 2019.
Table 8 Economic Cost for Different Type of Accidents
S. No. Category of Accident Economic Cost of Accidents (~)

1 Fatal 13,25,049
2 Major (Serious Injury) 4,32,651
3 Minor Injury 46,680
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Table 9 Economic Cost of Quantum of Vehicle Damage due to Accidents
S. No. Type of Vehicle Economic Cost of Vehicle Damage (t)

1 Car 40,088
2 Two Wheeler 10,194
3 Three Wheeler 11,651
4 Bus 1, 16,585
5 HCV 1,20,494
6 MCV 2,05,483
6.10 Congestion Effect
The VOC Tables given in Annex-D are for uncongested free flow conditions. As traffic volume
on a road increases, the vehicles have to overtake, cross, accelerate and decelerate. These
maneuvers result in drop in speeds and increase in fuel consumption along with wear and tear of
vehicles. The effect of congestion on VOC can be considered separately for the distance-related
and time-related components.
The distance-related components are: The time-related components are:

(1) Fuel (6) Depreciation
(2) Lubricants (7) Fixed costs
(3) Tyre (8) Wages of crew
(4) Spare Parts (9) Value of passengers time
(5) Maintenance Labour (10) Value of commodity in transit
The study conducted in 2011 4 has yielded updated relationships given in Table 10 and 11. This
can be used for arriving at factors which in turn can be utilized for multiplying the distance-
related and time-related VOC components presented in the Tables at Annex-O.
Table 10 Recommended Equations for Time-Related Congestion Effects

for Different Vehicle Types on Varying Road Widths
s. Road Type Cars

Two
Buses LCV HCV MCV
No. Wheelers
CF=T
CFT = CF=T
CF T = CF=T
CF T =
0.747 + 0.911 + 0.838 + 0.880 + 0.858 + 0.858 +
1 Single Lane
1.458* 0.807* 1.307* 1.200* 1.101* 1.101 *
(V/C) (V/C) (V/C) (V/C) (V/C) (V/C)
CF= CF= CF= CF T = CF= CF=
Inter- T T T T T
0.930 + 0.776 + 0.942 + 1.012 + 0.920 + 0.920 +
2 mediate
1.025* 0.728* 0.670* 0.863* 1.033* 1.033*
Lane
(V/C) (V/C) (V/C) (V/C) (V/C) (V/C)
CF=T
CF=T
CF=T
CF=T
CF=T
CF T =
1.087 + 0.804 + 0.864 + 0.925 + 0.878 + 0.878 +
3 Two Lane
0.483* 0.865* 0.543* 0.573* 0.561* 0.561 *
(V/C) (V/C) (V/C) (V/C) (V/C) (V/C)
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s. Road Type Cars

Two
Buses LCV HCV MCV
No. Wheelers
CF=T
CF=
T
CF=T
CF=T
CF=T
Four Lane 0.4834* CF T = 1.534* 0.8441* 1.1036* 0.3709*
Divided (V/C) 2 + 1.1063* (V/C) 2 - (V/C) 2 + (V/C) 2 + (V/C) 2 +
4
Carriage 0.4095* (V/C) + 0.2301 * 0.4337* 0.4124* 0.4604*
ways (V/C) + 0.99 (V/C)+ (V/C) + (V/C) + (V/C) +
0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99
CF=
CF= CF T = CF= T CF=
Six Lane T T 0.8441* T
2.1947* 0.8998* 0.9412* 1.593* CF T =
Divided (V/C)2 +
5 (V/C) 2 - (V/C) 2 + (V/C) 2 - (V/C) 2 - 1.0234*
Carriage 0.4337*
0.3352* 0.9407* 0.1881 * 0.0523* (V/C) + 1
ways (V/C) +
(V/C) + 1 (V/C) + 1 (V/C) + 1 (V/C) + 1
0.99
Eight Lane CF= CF=
T CF= T CF= CF T =
Divided -0.2441 * T -0.1476* T
CFT = -0.0092* 0.2143* -0.373*
Carriage (V/C)2+ (V/C)2+
6 0.3973* (V/C)2+ (V/C)2+ (V/C)2+
ways/ 0.9003* 0.5986*
(V/C) + 1 0.4559* 0.457* 0.7575*
Express (V/C) + (V/C)+
(V/C) + 1 (V/C) + 1 (V/C) + 1
ways 0.99 0.99
Note: CFT: Time-Related Congestion Factor; V/C: Volume - Capacity Ratio.
Table 11 Recommended Equations for Distance-Related Congestion Effects

for Different Vehicle Types on Varying Road Widths
s. Road Type Cars Two Buses LCV HCV MCV

No. Wheelers
1 Single Lane CFD = 0.924 + CF D= CF= 0
CF= 0
CF= 0
CF= D
0.680* (V/C) 0.990 + 1.000 + 1.00 + 1.179 + 1.179 +
0.830* 1.000* 0.90* 0.757* 0.757*
(V/C) (V/C) (V/C) (V/C) (V/C)
2 Intermediate CFO= 0.924 + CF= 0
CF= 0
CF= D CF= D CF= D
Lane 0.635* (V/C) 0.942 + 0.800 + 0.90 + 1.104 + 1.104 +
0.118* 1.200* 1.00* 0.755* 0.755*
(V/C) (V/C) (V/C) (V/C) (V/C)
3 Two Lane CFO= 0.893 + CF D= CF= 0
CF= D CF= D CF= D
0.259* (V/C) 0.917 + 0.800 0.9 + 0.925 + 0.900+
0.112* + 1.1 O* 1.00* 0.482* 1.40*
(V/C) (V/C) (V/C) (V/C) (V/C)
4 Four Lane Small Cars: CF 0 = CF= 0
CF D = CF= 0
CF= 0
Divided CF O= 2.4405* 4.9774* 3.713* 2.2518* 2.8147* 3.6591*
Carriage (V/C) 2 -2.8919* (V/C) 2 (V/C)2- (V/C) 2 - (V/C) 2 - (V/C)2-
ways (V/C) + 1.8939 -4.8846* 4.2811* 1.2471* 1.5589* 2.0266*
Big Cars: CF O= (V/C) + (V/C) + (V/C) + (V/C) + (V/C) +
3.713* (V/C)2- 2.1831 2.2173 1.1348 1.4185 1.8441
4.2811* (V/C) +
2.2173
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IRC:SP:30-2019
s. Road Type Cars Two Buses LCV HCV MCV

No. Wheelers
5 Six Lane Small Cars: CF=D
CF=D
CF D = CF=D
CF=D
Divided CFO= 2.8163* 5.6528* 4.3108* 14.990* 18.737* 24.3581*
Carriage (V/C) 2 -3.1278* (V/C) 2 (V/C) 2 - (V/C) 2 (V/C)2 (V/C)2
ways (V/C) + 1.9629 -4.5691 * 4.6276* -12.014* -15.017* -19.522*
Big Cars: CF O= (V/C) + (V/C) + (V/C) + (V/C) + (V/C) +
4.3108* (V/C) 2 1.9083 2.3129 3.2242 4.0302 5.2393
-4.6276* (V/C)
+ 2.3129
6 Eight Lane Small Cars: CF=D
CF=D
CF=D
CF=D
CF=D
Divided CF O= 0.5239* 2.4879* 0.7734* 0.7707* 0.9634* 1.2524*
Carriage (V/C)2 -0.9289* (V/C) 2 (V/C) 2 - (V/C)2 (V/C) 2 (V/C)2
ways/ (V/C) + 1.4847 -3.9095* 1.3037* -0.7214* -0.9018* -1.1723*
Express Big Cars: CF O= (V/C) + (V/C) + (V/C) + (V/C) + (V/C) +
ways 0.7734* (V/C)2 2.6253 1.596 1.0232 1.279 1.6627
-1.3037* (V/C)
+ 1.596
Note: CF 0 : Distance-Related Congestion Factor; V/C: Volume - Capacity Ratio.
The Volume - Capacity (V/C) ratios in the equations given in Table 10 and 11 can be worked
out from capacity of various road widths as given in latest relevant IRC code or other relevant
documents.
It should be noted that congestion occurs most severely in the peak hours and less severely during
the rest of the day. The hourly traffic variation on the road will then determine the appropriate
congestion factors. For the determination of both distance and time-related congestion factors,
information on peak hourly traffic flow in terms of PCU is essential. When such information is
lacking or not available normally, 8-10 percent of daily traffic volume is considered to represent
the peak hourly traffic flow. The congestion factors obtained on the basis of peak hourly traffic
are true only to the peak hour conditions and it is inappropriate if the congestion factors are used
for 24 hours. Therefore, a correction factor would have to be applied to obtain a realistic value.
To arrive at a correction factor traffic census data available for typical sections of National Highways
can be utilized in deriving a factor. From this data, the percentage of traffic for each hour can
be established. For example, capacity of two lane road in plain terrain is 30,000 PCU/day 11 and
this can be distributed over the 24-hour period in accordance with appropriate congestion period
duration found from the data. The distance and time-related congestion factors can be computed
accordingly using the equations given in Table 10 and 11 for the different categories of traffic.
6.11 Benefits from Low Volume Roads
In the case of low volume rural roads, like village roads, the quantification of benefits due to the
savings in VOC is not the correct approach for economic analysis. This is because the number
of vehicles using village roads is very insignificant which can be as low as 200 vehicles per
day. Considering this, it is prudent to assess the benefits on the basis of Producer Surplus.
This approach expresses the project benefits directly rather than indirectly i.e. in terms of
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value of net output and income rather than in terms of savings accrued to road users. This
production-oriented interpretation of project benefits is consistent with the present mandate of
the government focusing on accelerated rural development through the Pradhan Mantri Gram
Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) because it focuses directly on farm level changes and augmentation
of road connectivity to villages. The application of the producer surplus approach means that a
significant statistical and other data collection effort is needed to obtain the following:
(a) an accurate description of the principal economic activities (which may largely fall in
the primary sector) and production techniques and conditions;
(b) an assessment of the minimum incremental amount of expenditure needed to generate
increased output in the given economic activities;
(c) estimates of changes in yields, farm gate and market prices (for agricultural produce);
and
(d) determination of marketable surpluses taking into account farmer's own consumption,
requirement for seeds, fodder etc.
This statistical effort need to be supplemented with farm budgeting-costing. The value added
approach focuses on the difference in the net income of producers (by economic activity) and
transporters "with" and "without" the road investment and the complementary incremental
investments and expenditure (operating and maintenance costs for generating production) in
each sector/sub-sector of the economy. Since this is an "economic" approach, all the expenditures
related to project and revenues should reflect economic costs (i.e. shadow or accounting prices)
which infer and allow for transfer of payments, subsidies and other distortions in prevailing
market prices.
By definition, the value added approach does not focus on the financial incentives generated by
proposed rural investments. These incentives are, however, critical to the viability of projects and
merit considerable attention in the appraisal process.
6.12 Benefits from Construction of a Large Bridge Project
In bridge project appraisal, it is important first to study the present traffic flow pattern. It may
comprise of the following:
(i) Service across the river by a small ferry, carrying passengers and light vehicles, and/
or
(ii) Detouring of vehicles by alternate route, generally over long distance
This will be followed by forecast of average daily traffic over the proposed bridge for the time
horizon of the study. This will represent the normal traffic growth and the volume generated by
the proposed bridge. The main elements of traffic required for economic analysis are as follows:
A. Ferry Traffic
i) Normal growth
ii) Volume generated by the proposed bridge
B. Diverted Road Traffic (from alternate route)
i) Normal growth
ii) Volume generated by the proposed bridge
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6.12.1 Project Costs: The project costs basically include
(i) Capital costs, annually phased over the construction period
(ii) Recurring and maintenance costs and
(iii) The sum of (i) and (i) will be the total cost of the project.
6.12.2 Project Benefits: The economic appraisal consists primarily of determining the least
cost solution to the problem of moving traffic across the river. Two alternatives, bridge and ferry,
differ not only in capital and operating costs, but also in the quality of services in that, ferry takes
more time and is less convenient. As a result, the traffic levels would, in fact, differ substantially
under the two alternatives. The benefits accruing due to the bridge, in case of ferry alternative
without any diversion of traffic by alternate route primarily consists of the avoidance of the ferry
capital and operating costs and the elimination of delays for vehicles, drivers, passengers and
goods. These will be calculated as the time savings for road traffic.
In the case of alternate route, VOC and time savings for the diverted traffic (both passengers and
goods) would also form part of the benefit streams.
6.12.3 Ferry Costs: The capital costs will be for the ferry system as a whole, i.e. including the
cost of vessel and the terminal facilities. Similarly, the cost of operation will be for both ferry and
terminal. These costs will be worked out for the normal traffic.
6.12.4 Elimination of Delay: Assuming reasonably efficient ferry services, the difference
between it and the drive across the proposed bridge need to be determined. It should be
determined taking into account the waiting time for the ferry and boarding and alighting time for
passengers and goods as well as vehicles. Based on the normal growth in traffic, annual time
savings must be worked out and valued in monetary terms.
6.12.5 Vehicle Operating Costs (VOC): As already indicated in the manual, Vehicle Operating
Costs (VOC) will be worked out under two scenarios namely "with" and "without" project condition.
Under "without project condition", the VOC will be determined year by year, on the existing
route with the given value of rise and fall, roughness, traffic volume and composition and the
travel distance (lead) whereas under "with project" condition, VOC will be determined for the
proposed route taking into account all the above road and traffic characteristics. VOC savings
in "with project condition" will arise first, due to short distance and secondly, on account of less
congestion.
6.13 Benefits from Replacement of Railway Level Crossings by Road Over-Bridge (ROB)
The benefits from the replacement of Railway Level Crossings by ROBs are as under:
• Travel Time savings of passengers for the duration of the closure of the gates and
immediately after opening of the gates.
• Value of commodity in transit detained for the duration of closure of the gates and
immediately after opening of the gates.
• Savings in idle fuel consumption
• Savings in the cost of maintenance of the level crossing (wages of gateman etc).
• Savings due to prevention of accidents, if such data is available from past records.
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The expected increase in road traffic coupled with increase in railway closures should be
considered over the analysis period and the possibility of doubling of track leading to more
closures should be considered. For performing economic viability of constructing the ROB, the
relevant information like number of times of gate closure and duration may be collected during
the traffic surveys for the estimation of benefits.
7. TECHNIQUES OF ECONOMIC EVALUATION
7 .1 Study of Alternatives
It has been emphasized that in the earlier studies 1•9·18 ·19 ·29 that economic analysis is carried out to
determine the most realistic solution from among a number of alternatives. Thus the analyst must
visualize the various alternatives that are possible, including the "do-nothing" or "null" alternative,
and evaluate each of the alternatives against the "do-nothing" alternative. The results will enable
him to determine whether each of the alternatives is worthwhile at all and to rank the alternatives
in the order of their attractiveness.
7.2 Marginal or Incremental Analysis
Apart from carrying out the analysis of each of the alternatives against the "do-nothing" alternative,
the analyst should also carry out marginal or incremental analysis from one alternative to the other.
To illustrate this, let us consider a two-lane road which needs pavement strengthening. Traffic
forecasts may indicate that the carriageway needs widening to four lane divided carriageway as
well in the next few years. Thus four alternatives present themselves as follows:
Alternative 1: Do nothing
Alternative 2: Strengthening two-lane pavement
Alternative 3: Strengthening two-lane pavement now and widening the carriageway to four
lanes when it is due
Alternative 4: Strengthening two-lane pavement now and widening the carriageway to four
lanes right now.
The above alternatives are in the order of their increasing present costs. The analyst must carry
out incremental analysis of:
Analysis (1) : Alternative 2 against Alternative 1

The results will establish whether the incremental investments will yield the desired benefits.
7 .3 Methods of Economic Evaluation
Three common methods of economic evaluations normally adopted are as follows:

(1) Net Present Value Method
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(2) Benefit - Cost Ratio Method
(3) Internal Rate of Return Method
All the three methods are based on the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) technique of discounting
all future costs and benefits to a common year.
7.4 Net Present Value (NPV) Method
In this method, the stream of costs/benefits associated with the project over an extended period
of time is calculated and is discounted at a selected discounted rate to give the present value.
Benefits are treated as positive and costs as negative and the summation give the Net Present
Value (NPV). Any project with positive NPV is treated as acceptable. In comparing more than one
project, a project with the higher NPV should be accepted. The NPV is algebraically expressed as:
(B1 - C1) (B2 - Cz) (En - Cn)

NPV0 = (Bo - Co)+ (i + l) 1 + (i + l) 2 + .................. + (i + l)n
Where
NPV0 = Net Present Value in the year 0
B1 =-= Value of benefits which occur in the year t
C1 = Value of costs which occur in the year t
i = discount rate per annum in decimals
n = number of years taken for analysis
The method is illustrated using a simple example given below:
Example 7:
The cost of improving an existing road, 25 km long, is ~ 4.00 lakh per km. Road user costs
(with and without the improvements), accident costs (with and without the improvements) and
maintenance costs (with and without the improvements) are given in Table 12 for a 10-year
period after the completion of the improvements. Assuming a discount rate of 10 percent, find
out whether the project is economically justifiable? Use the NPV method.
Solution:
The calculations are presented in Table 12.
Cost of improvements (C 1) =25 x ~ 4 =~ 100 lakh
NPV = (+ ~ 165.4 - ~ 100) lakh = ~ 65.4 lakh
Since the NPV is positive, the project is economically justified.
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Table 12 Road User Costs, Accident Costs and Maintenance Costs
(with and without the improvements) to Calculate NPV
Road User Maintenance Benefits

Accident Costs
Costs Costs (Bt)
Year Cols BtCt
(t) [3+5+7]- BtCt (1+0.1 )*t
With Without With Without With Without
lmpr. lmpr. lmpr. lmpr. lmpr. lmpr. Cols
[2+4+6]
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
0 - - - - - - - -100.0 -100.0
1 105.5 126.5 1.1 3.1 3.5 2.5 22.0 22.0 +20.0
2 110.3 132.2 1.1 3.1 3.5 2.5 23.1 23.1 +19.1
3 115.8 138.9 1.2 3.5 3.5 2.5 24.4 24.4 +18.4
-
4 121.6 145.8 1.2 3.7 3.5 2.5 25.7 25.7 +17.6
5 127.6 153.0 1.3 3.8 3.5 2.5 26.9 26.9 +16.7
6 134.0 161.0 1.3 4.0 3.5 2.5 28.7 28.7 +16.2
7 140.7 168.9 1.4 4.2 3.5 2.5 30.0 30.0 +15.4
8 147.8 177.0 1.5 4.4 3.5 2.5 31.1 31 .1 +14.5
9 155.1 186.2 1.6 4.7 3.5 2.5 33.2 33.2 +14.1
10 162.9 195.2 1.6 4.9 3.5 2.5 34.6 34.6 +13.4
All Figures in t Lakh +165.4
-100.0
=+65.4
7 .5 Benefit-Cost (B/C) Ratio Method
There are a number of variations of this method, but a simple procedure is to discount all costs and
benefits to their present worth and calculate the ratio of the benefits to costs. Negative flows are
considered as costs whereas positive flows as benefits. Thus the savings in the transport costs
are considered as benefits. If the B/C ratio is more than one, the project is worth undertaking.
The B/C method is illustrated using a simple example.
Example 8:
An existing single lane road, 30 km long, is to be widened to two lanes. The cost of widening is
~ 10 lakh per km. The vehicle operating costs, accident costs and maintenance costs, with and
without widening, for a 10 year period are presented in Table 13. The discount rate is 12 percent.
Is the project worthwhile?
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Solution:
The calculations are presented in Table 13.
Cost of the Project =30 x ~ 10 lakh =~ 300 lakh
Benefit/Cost ratio =380.8/300 = 1.27 greater than 1
Hence the project is economically justified.
Table 13 Road User Costs, Accident Costs and Maintenance Costs

(with and without the improvements) to Calculate B/C Ratio
Maintenance Benefits
Road User Costs Accident Costs
Costs (Bt) Bt
Year Cols (Present
(t) With Without With Without With Without (3+5+7]- Net
lmpr. lmpr. lmpr. lmpr. lmpr. lmpr. Cols Worth)
(2+4+6]
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
1 101.5 160.7 2.5 3.6 10.0 7.5 57.8 51.6
2 105.6 168.2 2.6 3.7 10.0 7.5 61.2 48.8
3 110.2 176.3 2.7 3.8 10.0 7.5 64.7 46.1
4 116.2 185.2 2.8 3.9 10.0 7.5 67.6 43.0
5 122.3 190.0 2.9 4.0 10.0 7.5 66.3 37.6
6 128.4 199.5 2.9 4.0 10.0 7.5 69.7 35.3
7 135.6 210.0 3.0 4.1 10.0 7.5 73.0 33.0
8 143.2 219.5 3.1 4.2 10.0 7.5 74.9 30.3
9 149.1 228.2 3.2 4.3 10.0 7.5 77.7 28.0
10 154.6 240.1 3.2 4.3 10.0 7.5 84.1 27.1
All Figures in ~ Lakh Total 380.8
7.6 Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Method
The internal rate of return is the discount rate which makes the discounted future benefits equal
to the initial outlay. In other words, it is the discount rate which makes the stream of cash flows
to zero. Equation in para 7.4 can be rearranged as below (B 0 being zero):
(B1 - C1) (B2 - C2) (Bn - Cn)

C = - - -1 + - - - 2+ .................. + - - -
o Ci+ 1) Ci+ 1) o + 1r
= f, (Bj - Cj!
~ (i + 1)1
J=l
The solution to the above equation can be done by trial and error, a rather tedious process.
However, the task of computing IRR is rendered very simple now-a-days due to the availability
of this function as an in inbuilt one in many computer software.
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If the internal rate of return calculated from the above formula is greater than the rate of interest
obtainable by investing the capital in the open market, the scheme is considered acceptable.
7.7 Comparison of the Various Methods of Economic Evaluation
The three methods of economic evaluation described above have their own advantages and
short-comings. The B/C ratio method is very widely used by the highway engineers. It, however,
suffers from the following drawbacks:
(1) It requires an assumption of a discount rate, which should bear relation to the
opportunity cost of capital. It is, however, rather difficult to know the opportunity cost
of capital accurately.
(2) The significance of the B/C ratio is ambiguous, and its relative value is difficult to
understand and interpret. For instance, if there are two proposals, one with a B/C ratio
of 1.05 and the other with a ratio of 1.10, the difference is very difficult to appreciate.
(3) It is somewhat confusing and difficult to decide which items should be termed as costs
and placed in the denominator and which as benefits and placed in the numerator.
The IRR method is popular with international lending agencies like the World Bank. It lends
itself admirably well for use in a computer-aided design model. It avoids the need for selecting
a discount rate initially. The rate derived from computations can be easily compared with the
market rate of interest, with which economists, financial experts and bankers are familiar. Its
disadvantage is that the computations are tedious and a solution can be obtained only by trial
and error. The NPV method suffers from the same disadvantage of B/C ratio method that a rate
of discount has to be assumed.
7.8 Selection of Discount Rate

As seen from the discussions above, the selection of an appropriate discount rate (or interest
rate) is crucial in the B/C ratio and NPV methods.
The choice of the discount rate is governed by a number of complex factors and is dependent
on the future availability of finance and the various opportunities for its use. The attitude of the
society towards present consumption as against savings for future is an important factor. Will
the present generation prefer to consume the resources now or conserve it for future use by the
current or future generation? The answer to this question will give the "social time preference
rate of interest". Another approach is to find out the social yield that the resources employed by a
marginal public project would have otherwise generated. This determines the "social opportunity
cost rate of interest". In a truly competitive economy, the two rates of interest would be equal
and investments and consumption would then be ideally allocated. But such a situation is difficult
to find, and more so in a developing country where capital is very scarce. In such situations,
some general guidelines can be given for selecting an appropriate discount rate . Such a rate
should not be less than the rate of borrowing or lending by the Government or the market rate of
interest. A rate of 12 percent is used by the Planning Commission 20 ,21 .
A typical worked out example given below explains the various steps involved in the economic
analysis.
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Example 9:
A two-lane black topped road with earthen shoulders passing through a congested town has the
following daily traffic in the year 2019:
Small Cars 3131

Big Cars 1563
Buses 618
Heavy Commercial Vehicles (HGV) 618
Multi-Axle Heavy Commercial Vehicles (MCV) 618
Light Commercial Vehicles (LCV) 1482
Two Wheelers 4323
An Origin-Destination (O-D) Survey has revealed that the following percentages of traffic are
bypassable as presented in Table 14.
Table 14 Percentage of Bypassable Traffic
5. No. Vehicle Type % Bypassable Traffic

1 Cars 35
2 Buses 50
3 Two Axle Heavy Commercial Vehicles 40
4 Multi-Axle Heavy Commercial Vehicles 60
5 Light Commercial Vehicles 45
6 Two Wheelers 15
The roughness of the road through the town is 4000 mm/km and is maintained at the same
status by carrying out routine repairs and renewals. The road is in plain terrain with RF= 0 m/km.
It is proposed to construct a bypass to the town with a two lane asphalt pavement 7.0 m wide
with 1.5 m black topped shoulders on either side. The roughness of the new pavement will be
2000 mm/km and this value will be maintained through routine maintenance and renewals. In
case of existing road while construction, the same roughness of 4000 mm/km will be maintained
during construction and after opening of bypass, this value will be maintained at 2000 mm/km.
The estimated cost of construction of the bypass is ~ 110 crores which is to be incurred spread
over a period of four years given as below:
Year Spread of Quantum of Investment (in%)

2019 10
2020 20
2021 30
2022 40
Traffic growth rate is expected to be 9 percent per annum for all vehicle types. Maintenance cost
per km is as under:
Existing road through the town ~ 3,50,000 per km/year

Bypass ~ 3,50,000 per km/year
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Similarly, the maintenance cost to be incurred for the existing road after the opening of the
bypass road would be~ 3,50,000 per km per year. The length of the existing road through the
town is 10 km and the proposed bypass length is 11 km. The tax element in construction and
maintenance may be taken as 10 percent in all the above cases. The accident costs and value
of passenger time may be ignored in the calculations.
Calculate the IRR considering 15 year analysis period i.e. 15 year period after opening the road
to traffic may be assumed. The capacity of the road is 3,000 PCU/hr, which corresponds to a
maximum daily flow of 30,000 PCU with peak hour traffic of 10 percent of daily traffic.
Solution:
The calculation of Internal Rate of Return for the proposal of constructing bypass involves the
following steps:
Step 1: To convert the given traffic data in terms of PCU for the given alternative proposals
include the following:
Case I: 'Do Nothing Case': The traffic on the existing road alone is plying.
Case II: After bypass is constructed, the existing road is used by partial traffic.
Case Ill: The traffic using newly constructed bypass road after it is opened for traffic after a
period of four years.
To facilitate the calculation of traffic volume for each of the above scenarios, the percentage of
traffic using bypass road is made available as basic data given in Table 15.
Step 2: To calculate yearly traffic volume in terms of PCU/day with a 9 percent growth rate from
the year 2019 to 2037. And the 10 percent of this daily traffic is considered as peak hourly traffic
for the purpose of calculating distance-related and time-related congestion factors. Both these
congestion factors are to be calculated for a rise and fall (RF) value of 'O' m/km and roughness
(RG) of 4000 mm/km.
Step 3: The distance-related and time-related congestion factors are separately calculated
and are corrected by multiplying a factor of 0.125. This is to consider the effect of congestion
assuming that it spreads over 3 hours out of 24 hours.
Step 4: Total Vehicle Operating Costs are calculated for the above three cases using the
economic costs of VOC given in Updated Road User Cost study conducted by CRRl 4 and the
Congestion Factors determined in Step 3.
Step 5: IRR is calculated using the data developed in Steps 1 to 4.
The typical calculations involved in the computations have been described in this paragraph .
The conversion of vehicles into PCU in this example problem is taken from IRC:64-1990 11 • The
user can adopt any other set of PCU factors as per the relevant IRC code. The traffic volume
data in terms of PCU for all the three envisaged scenarios is presented in Table 15. The traffic
data calculated from the year 2019 to 2037 considering traffic growth rate of 9% for all the three
cases stated in Step 1 is tabulated in Tables 16, 17 and 18. Assuming 10% of total daily traffic
to represent the peak hourly traffic, the ratio of this traffic volume and the capacity of two lane
road i.e. 3000 PCU/Hr (as per IRC:64) is calculated and tabulated in the last column on Tables
16, 17 and 18. It should be noted that the Volume - Capacity (V/C) ratio logically cannot exceed
1 and if any value is greater than 1, it should be equated to 1.
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Table 15 Traffic Volume Data (2019)
Number of
Traffic Balance Bypass-
vehicles Traffic
s. Type of Vehicle per day on
Volume in
Bypass-
Traffic using able
No. terms of existing road Traffic
existing road able (in%)
PCU/day (Case II) (Case Ill)
(Case I)
1 Small Cars 3131 3131 35 2035 1096
2 Big Cars 1563 1563 35 1016 547
3 Two Wheelers 4323 2162 15 1838 324
4 Buses 618 1854 50 927 927
Light Commercial
5 1482 2223 45 1223 1000
Vehicles (LCV)
Heavy Commercial
6 618 1854 40 1112 742
Vehicles (HCV)
Multi-Axle Heavy
7 Commercial 618 2781 60 1112 1669
Vehicles (MCV)
Table 16 Traffic Volume on the Existing Road (Case I)
Year Small Big TW Buses LCV HCV MCV PCU/Hr V/C

Cars Cars Ratio
2019 3131 1563 4323 618 1482 618 618 1557 0.52
2020 3413 1704 4712 674 1615 674 674 1697 0.57
2021 3720 1857 5136 735 1760 735 735 1850 0.62
2022 4055 2024 5598 801 1918 801 801 2017 0.67
2023 4420 2206 6102 873 2091 873 873 2198 0.73
2024 4818 2405 6651 952 2279 952 952 2396 0.80
2025 5252 2621 7250 1038 2484 1038 1038 2612 0.87
2026 5725 2857 7903 1131 2708 1131 1131 2847 0.95
2027 6240 3114 8614 1233 2952 1233 1233 3104 1.00
2028 6802 3394 9389 1344 3218 1344 1344 3383 1.00
2029 7414 3699 10234 1465 3508 1465 1465 3687 1.00
2030 8081 4032 11155 1597 3824 1597 1597 4020 1.00
2031 8808 4395 12159 1741 4168 1741 1741 4382 1.00
2032 9601 4791 13253 1898 4543 1898 1898 4776 1.00
2033 10465 5222 14446 2069 4952 2069 2069 5206 1.00
2034 11407 5692 15746 2255 5398 2255 2255 5675 1.00
2035 12434 6204 17163 2458 5884 2458 2458 6185 1.00
2036 13553 6762 18708 2679 6414 2679 2679 6742 1.00
2037 14773 7371 20392 2920 6991 2920 2920 7349 1.00
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Table 17 Traffic Volume on Existing Road after Opening of Bypass {Case II)

Cars Cars Ratio
2019 3131 1563 4323 618 1482 618 618 1557 0.52
2020 3413 1704 4712 674 1615 674 674 1697 0.57
2021 3720 1857 5136 735 1760 735 735 1850 0.62
2022 4055 2024 5598 801 1918 801 801 2017 0.67
2023 2873 1434 5188 436 1150 523 348 1307 0.44
2024 3132 1563 5655 475 1254 570 379 1424 0.47
2025 3414 1704 6164 518 1367 621 413 1553 0.52
2026 3721 1857 6719 565 1490 677 450 1692 0.56
2027 4056 2024 7324 616 1624 738 491 1845 0.62
2028 4421 2206 7983 671 1770 804 535 2011 0.67
2029 4819 2405 8701 731 1929 876 583 2191 0.73
2030 5253 2621 9484 797 2103 955 635 2388 0.80
2031 5726 2857 10338 869 2292 1041 692 2603 0.87
2032 6241 3114 11268 947 2498 1135 754 2838 0.95
2033 6803 3394 12282 1032 2723 1237 822 3093 1.00
2034 7415 3699 13387 1125 2968 1348 896 3371 1.00
2035 8082 4032 14592 1226 3235 1469 977 3674 1.00
2036 8809 4395 15905 1336 3526 1601 1065 4005 1.00
2037 9602 4791 17336 1456 3843 1745 1161 4365 1.00
Table 18 Traffic Volume on the Proposed Bypass Road {Case Ill)

Cars Cars Ratio
2019 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
2020 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
2021 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
2022 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
2023 1547 772 914 437 941 350 525 891 0.30
2024 1686 842 996 477 1025 382 573 972 0.32
2025 1838 917 1086 520 1117 417 625 1060 0.35
2026 2004 1000 1184 566 1218 454 681 1155 0.39
2027 2184 1090 1290 617 1328 495 742 1259 0.42
2028 2381 1188 1406 673 1448 540 809 1372 0.46
2029 2595 1294 1533 734 1579 589 882 1496 0.50
2030 2828 1411 1671 800 1721 642 962 1631 0.54
2031 3082 1538 1821 872 1876 700 1049 1778 0.59
2032 3360 1677 1985 951 2045 763 1144 1939 0.65
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Cars Cars Ratio
2033 3662 1828 2164 1037 2229 832 1247 2113 0.70
2034 3992 1993 2359 1130 2430 907 1359 2304 0.77
2035 4352 2172 2571 1232 2649 989 1481 2511 0.84
2036 4744 2367 2803 1343 2888 1078 1614 2737 0.91
2037 5171 2580 3056 1464 3148 1175 1759 2983 0.99
Calculation of Congestion Factors
voe tables given in the CRRI study report4 on Updation of Road User Cost Data have been
used in this analysis. The distance and time-related congestion factors are calculated separately
and the typical calculations are presented for cars. The Congestion Factors are determined for
'Do Nothing Case' and evaluating the same against the bypass road alternative coupled with
comparison of traffic on the existing road after the opening of bypass road.
Distance-Related Congestion Factor
From Table 16, the Volume-Capacity (V/C) ratio for the year 2019 is 0.52. From Table 11,
Congestion Factor (CF 0 ) for distance-related VOC for two lane road section is determined as
follows:
CF O = 0.893 + 0.259 * (V/C)
=0.893 + 0.259 * 0.52 =1.028
In accordance with Step 3, this value is multiplied by a factor of 0.125 to obtain the corrected
Distance-related Congestion Factor.
Distance-related Congestion Factor (CF 0 ) = 1.028 x 0.125 = 0.13
However, it is to be noted that whenever the CF O values are less than 1, it may be taken as 1
as done in this sample exercise. The value of CF O logically is limited to a minimum of 1 and a
maximum of 2. These values are given in Tables 19, 20 and 21.
Time-Related Congestion Factor
From Table 16, the Volume-Capacity (V/C) ratio for the year 2019 is 0.52. From Table 10,
Congestion Factor (CF T) for time-related VOC for two lane road section is determined as follows:
CF T = 1.087 + 0.483* (V/C)
= 1.087 + 0.483* 0.52 = 1.338
In accordance with Step 3, this value is multiplied by a factor of 0.125 to obtain the corrected
Time-related Congestion Factor.
Time-related Congestion Factor (CF T) = 1.338 x 0.125 =0.17
However, it is to be noted that whenever the CF T values are less than 1, it may be taken as 1
as done in this sample exercise. The value of CF T logically is limited to a minimum of 1 and a
maximum of 2. These values are given in Tables 22, 23 and 24.
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Table 19 Distance-Related Corrected Congestion Factors for Case I
Year Small Big Cars TW Buses LCV HCV MCV

Cars
2019 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.37 1.42 1.18 1.18
2020 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.42 1.47 1.20 1.20
2021 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.48 1.52 1.22 1.22
2022 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.54 1.57 1.25 1.25
2023 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.61 1.63 1.28 1.28
2024 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.68 1.70 1.31 1.31
2025 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.76 1.77 1.34 1.34
2026 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.84 1.85 1.38 1.38
2027 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.90 1.90 1.41 1.41
2028 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.90 1.90 1.41 1.41
2029 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.90 1.90 1.41 1.41
2030 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.90 1.90 1.41 1.41
2031 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.90 1.90 1.41 1.41
2032 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.90 1.90 1.41 1.41
2033 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.90 1.90 1.41 1.41
2034 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.90 1.90 1.41 1.41
2035 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.90 1.90 1.41 1.41
2036 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.90 1.90 1.41 1.41
2037 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.90 1.90 1.41 1.41
Table 20 Distance-Related Corrected Congestion Factors for Case II

Cars
2019 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.37 1.42 1.18 1.18
2020 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.42 1.47 1.20 1.20
2021 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.48 1.52 1.22 1.22
2022 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.54 1.57 1.25 1.25
2023 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.28 1.34 1.13 1.13
2024 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.32 1.37 1.15 1.15
2025 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.37 1.42 1.17 1.17
2026 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.42 1.46 1.20 1.20
2027 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.48 1.52 1.22 1.22
2028 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.54 1.57 1.25 1.25
2029 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.60 1.63 1.28 1.28
2030 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.68 1.70 1.31 1.31
2031 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.75 1.77 1.34 1.34
2032 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.84 1.85 1.38 1.38
2033 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.90 1.90 1.41 1.41
33
IRC:SP:30-2019

Cars
2034 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.90 1.90 1.41 1.41
2035 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.90 1.90 1.41 1.41
2036 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.90 1.90 1.41 1.41
2037 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.90 1.90 1.41 1.41
Table 21 Distance-Related Corrected Congestion Factors for Case Ill

Cars
2019 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
2020 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
2021 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
2022 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
2023 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.13 1.20 1.07 1.07
2024 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.16 1.22 1.08 1.08
2025 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.19 1.25 1.10 1.10
2026 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.22 1.29 1.11 1.11
2027 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.26 1.32 1.13 1.13
2028 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.30 1.36 1.15 1.15
2029 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.35 1.40 1.17 1.17
2030 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.40 1.44 1.19 1.19
2031 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.45 1.49 1.21 1.21
2032 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.51 1.55 1.24 1.24
2033 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.57 1.60 1.26 1.26
2034 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.64 1.67 1.30 1.30
2035 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.72 1.74 1.33 1.33
2036 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.80 1.81 1.36 1.36
2037 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.89 1.89 1.40 1.40
Table 22 Time-Related Corrected Congestion Factors for Case I

Cars
2019 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.15 1.22 1.17 1.17
2020 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.17 1.25 1.20 1.20
2021 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.20 1.28 1.22 1.22
2022 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.23 1.31 1.26 1.26
2023 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.26 1.34 1.29 1.29
2024 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.30 1.38 1.33 1.33
2025 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.34 1.42 1.37 1.37
34
IRC:SP:30-2019

Cars
2026 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.38 1.47 1.41 1.41
2027 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.41 1.50 1.44 1.44
2028 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.41 1.50 1.44 1.44
2029 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.41 1.50 1.44 1.44
2030 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.41 1.50 1.44 1.44
2031 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.41 1.50 1.44 1.44
2032 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.41 1.50 1.44 1.44
2033 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.41 1.50 1.44 1.44
2034 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.41 1.50 1.44 1.44
2035 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.41 1.50 1.44 1.44
2036 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.41 1.50 1.44 1.44
2037 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.41 1.50 1.44 1.44
Table 23 Time-Related Corrected Congestion Factors for Case II

Cars
2019 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.15 1.22 1.17 1.17
2020 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.17 1.25 1.20 1.20
2021 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.20 1.28 1.22 1.22
2022 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.23 1.31 1.26 1.26
2023 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.10 1.17 1.12 1.12
2024 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.12 1.20 1.14 1.14
2025 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.15 1.22 1.17 1.17
2026 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.17 1.25 1.19 1.19
2027 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.20 1.28 1.22 1.22
2028 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.23 1.31 1.25 1.25
2029 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.26 1.34 1.29 1.29
2030 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.30 1.38 1.32 1.32
2031 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.34 1.42 1.36 1.36
2032 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.38 1.47 1.41 1.41
2033 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.41 1.50 1.44 1.44
2034 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.41 1.50 1.44 1.44
2035 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.41 1.50 1.44 1.44
2036 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.41 1.50 1.44 1.44
2037 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.41 1.50 1.44 1.44
35
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table 24 Time-Related Corrected Congestion Factors for Case Ill

Cars
2019 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
2020 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
2021 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
2022 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
2023 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.03 1.10 1.04 1.04
2024 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.04 1.11 1.06 1.06
2025 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.06 1.13 1.08 1.08
2026 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.07 1.15 1.09 1.09
2027 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.09 1.17 1.11 1.11
2028 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.11 1.19 1.13 1.13
2029 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.13 1.21 1.16 1.16
2030 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.16 1.24 1.18 1.18
2031 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.19 1.26 1.21 1.21
2032 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.21 1.30 1.24 1.24
2033 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.25 1.33 1.27 1.27
2034 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.28 1.37 1.31 1.31
2035 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.32 1.40 1.35 1.35
2036 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.36 1.45 1.39 1.39
2037 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.40 1.49 1.44 1.44
Vehicle Operation Cost
Distance-Related and Time-Related Vehicle Operation Costs are calculated using the economic
cost data available from Table VOC Small Cars 17 and 15 in Annex-D, for uncongested conditions
for Roughness of 4000 and 2000 mm/km respectively.
Distance-related voe costs for uncongested condition from Table voe Small Cars 17 for
Roughness of 4000 mm/km and RF of Om/km presented in Annex-Dare as given below:
Fuel Cost t 2.15

Spare Parts Cost t 0.41
Maintenance Cost t 0.74
Tyre Cost t 0.22
Engine Oil Cost t 0.42
Other Oil Cost t 0.05
Grease Cost t 0.05
Total t 4.03/km
Distance-Related Vehicle Operation Cost for congested conditions

= voe for uncongested condition x CF 0
= t 4.03 X 1.00
= t 4.03/km
36
IRC:SP:30-2019
Similarly, Time-Related economic costs for uncongested condition from Table VOC Small Cars
17 for Roughness of 4000 mm/km and RF of O m/km presented in Annex-D are as given below:
Fixed Cost ~ 0.99

Depreciation Cost ~ 0.11
Passenger Time Cost ~ 5.52
--------
Tota I ~ 6.62
Time-Related Vehicle Operation Cost for congested condition

= voe for uncongested condition x CF r
= ~ 6.62 X 1.00
= ~ 6.62/km
Total of Distance-Related and Time-Related voe per kilometer is

= ~- 4.03 + 6.62/km = ~ 10.65/km
These values are tabulated in Tables 25, 26 and 27.
Table 25 Vehicle Operation Cost (VOC) for Case I (in ~ per km)

Cars
2019 10.66 10.91 3.10 23.76 27.63 30.20 43.62
2020 10.66 10.91 3.10 24.47 28.39 30.84 44.51
2021 10.66 10.91 3.10 25.36 29.16 31.35 45.25
2022 10.66 10.91 3.10 26.25 29.93 32.25 46.50
2023 10.66 10.91 3.10 27.26 30.76 33.02 47.62
2024 10.66 10.91 3.10 28.34 31.80 33.92 48.87
2025 10.66 10.91 3.10 29.53 32.84 34.82 50.13
2026 10.66 10.91 3.10 30.72 34.10 35.85 51.62
2027 10.66 10.91 3.10 31.62 34.87 36.62 52.73
2028 10.66 10.91 3.10 31.62 34.87 36.62 52.73
2029 10.66 10.91 3.10 31.62 34.87 36.62 52.73
2030 10.66 10.91 3.10 31.62 34.87 36.62 52.73
2031 10.66 10.91 3.10 31.62 34.87 36.62 52.73
2032 10.66 10.91 3.10 31.62 34.87 36.62 52.73
2033 10.66 10.91 3.10 31.62 34.87 36.62 52.73
2034 10.66 10.91 3.10 31.62 34.87 36.62 52.73
2035 10.66 10.91 3.10 31.62 34.87 36.62 52.73
2036 10.66 10.91 3.10 31.62 34.87 36.62 52.73
2037 10.66 10.91 3.10 31.62 34.87 36.62 52.73
37
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table 26 Vehicle Operation Cost (VOC) for Case II (in'{ per km)

Cars
2019 10.66 10.91 3.10 23.76 27.63 30.20 43.62
2020 10.66 10.91 3.10 24.47 28.39 30.84 44.51
2021 10.66 10.91 3.10 25.36 29.16 31.35 45.25
2022 10.66 10.91 3.10 26.25 29.93 32.25 46.50
2023 9.09 9.07 2.76 21.21 25.59 26.88 38.52
2024 9.09 9.07 2.76 21.78 26.22 27.36 39.21
2025 9.09 9.07 2.76 22.51 26.82 27.96 40.03
2026 9.09 9.07 2.76 23.18 27.50 28.56 40.92
2027 9.09 9.07 2.76 24.03 28.31 29.16 41.74
2028 9.09 9.07 2.76 24.87 29.05 29.88 42.77
2029 9.09 9.07 2.76 25.72 29.85 30.72 43.94
2030 9.09 9.07 2.76 26.84 30.87 31.44 44.96
2031 9.09 9.07 2.76 27.86 31.88 32.28 46.13
2032 9.09 9.07 2.76 29.10 33.10 33.36 47.64
2033 9.09 9.07 2.76 29.94 33.85 34.07 48.66
2034 9.09 9.07 2.76 29.94 33.85 34.07 48.66
2035 9.09 9.07 2.76 29.94 33.85 34.07 48.66
2036 9.09 9.07 2.76 29.94 33.85 34.07 48.66
2037 9.09 9.07 2.76 29.94 33.85 34.07 48.66
Table 27 Vehicle Operation Cost (VOC) for Case Ill (in '{ per km)

Cars
2019 9.09 9.07 2.76 17.55 21.05 23.90 34.22
2020 9.09 9.07 2.76 17.55 21.05 23.90 34.22
2021 9.09 9.07 2.76 17.55 21.05 23.90 34.22
2022 9.09 9.07 2.76 17.55 21.05 23.90 34.22
2023 9.09 9.07 2.76 19.14 23.72 25.20 36.19
2024 9.09 9.07 2.76 19.52 23.99 25.57 36.67
2025 9.09 9.07 2.76 19.98 24.47 26.04 37.36
2026 9.09 9.07 2.76 20.37 25.00 26.28 37.70
2027 9.09 9.07 2.76 20.93 25.48 26.76 38.38
2028 9.09 9.07 2.76 21.49 26.01 27.24 39.07
38
IRC:SP:30-2019

Cars
2029 9.09 9.07 2.76 22.16 26.55 27.84 39.89
2030 9.09 9.07 2.76 22.90 27.24 28.32 40.58
2031 9.09 9.07 2.76 23.64 27.83 28.92 41.40
2032 9.09 9.07 2.76 24.42 28.78 29.64 42.43
2033 9.09 9.07 2.76 25.33 29.53 30.24 43.25
2034 9.09 9.07 2.76 26.28 30.54 31.20 44.62
2035 9.09 9.07 2.76 27.41 31.40 32.04 45.79
2036 9.09 9.07 2.76 28.53 32.57 32.88 46.95
2037 9.09 9.07 2.76 29.77 33.64 33.96 48.46
It may be noted that the voe data available in Annex-D are for the year 2019. The voe values
for the future years may be obtained based on the WPI which is published periodically by the
Ministry of Commerce and lndustry20 . Using the traffic data on estimated traffic volume given in
Table 16, 17 and 18, the VOC for various alternative proposals can be worked out as under:
The VOC for small cars in the year 2019 for Case I and for 10 km road is:
= 10.66*3131*365*10
= ~ 1218.24 Lakh
These are tabulated for all the three cases in Tables 28, 29 and 30.
Maintenance Cost
The net maintenance cost for each year after accounting for the tax element of 10% is indicated
in Table 31. For instance, the maintenance cost for the existing road after construction of the
bypass can be taken as ~ 3,50,000 x 0.90 x 10 = ~ 31.5 lakh per year (without tax element).
Similar analogy has been used for the calculation of tax element in the case of construction cost
of bypass road and its routine maintenance cost as presented in Table 31.
Calculation of IRR: All the cost benefit data is tabulated as shown in Table 31. The Internal
Rate of Return (IRR) can be calculated using the standard procedures like trial and error method.
Both costs and benefits are discounted at different rates till both are balanced in trial and error
method. The IRR obtained in this economic exercise works out to be 14.85%.
Table 28 Total Vehicle Operating Cost (in ~ lakh)

for the Existing Road under Do Nothing Scenario (Case I)
Year Small Big TW Buses LCV HCV MCV Total voe

Cars Cars
2019 1218.24 622.41 489.15 535.95 1494.59 681.22 983.94 6025.50
2020 1327.96 678.56 533.16 601.99 1673.52 758.69 1094.99 6668.88
39
IRC:SP:30-2019

Cars Cars
2021 1447.41 739.49 581.14 680.35 1873.24 841.04 1213.94 7376.61
2022 1577.76 805.99 633.41 767.46 2095.31 942.88 1359.50 8182.30
2023 1719.78 878.46 690.44 868.63 2347.65 1052.17 1517.39 9074.51
2024 1874.64 957.71 752.56 984.76 2645.24 1178.65 1698.13 10091.68
2025 2043.50 1043.72 820.34 1118.80 2977.47 1319.23 1899.28 11222.33
2026 2227.54 1137.70 894.22 1268.17 3370.51 1479.94 2130.95 12509.04
2027 2427.92 1240.04 974.67 1423.04 3757.17 1648.06 2373.09 13844.00
2028 2646.59 1351.54 1062.37 1551.15 4095.73 1796.43 2586.72 15090.53
2029 2884.71 1473.00 1157.98 1690.80 4464.82 1958.16 2819.60 16449.08
2030 3144.24 1605.60 1262.19 1843.15 4867.02 2134.60 3073.66 17930.44
2031 3427.10 1750.15 1375.79 2009.34 5304.84 2327.07 3350.81 19545.11
2032 3735.65 1907.85 1499.58 2190.54 5782.13 2536.92 3652.98 21305.64
2033 4071.83 2079.48 1634.56 2387.89 6302.68 2765.49 3982.09 23224 .03
2034 4438.35 2266.64 1781.66 2602.56 6870.33 3014.10 4340.07 25313.72
2035 4837.95 2470.53 1941.99 2836.85 7488.89 3285.44 4730.78 27592.42
2036 5273.34 2692.73 2116.81 3091 .91 8163.45 3580.83 5156.12 30075.20
2037 5748.03 2935.24 2307.35 3370.06 8897.83 3902.96 5619.96 32781.44
Table 29 Total Vehicle Operating Cost (in t lakh)

for Existing Road after Opening of Bypass Road (Case II)

Cars Cars
2019 1218.24 622.41 489.15 535.95 1494.59 681.22 983.94 6025.50
2020 1327.96 678.56 533.16 601.99 1673.52 758.69 1094.99 6668.88
2021 1447.41 739.49 581.14 680.35 1873.24 841.04 1213.94 7376.61
2022 1577.76 805.99 633.41 767.46 2095.31 942.88 1359.50 8182.30
2023 953.22 474.73 522.64 337.54 1074.14 513.13 489.28 4364.67
2024 1039.15 517.44 569.68 377.61 1200.12 569.22 542.41 4815.64
2025 1132.71 564.12 620.96 425.60 1338.20 633.76 603.43 5318.77
2026 1234.57 614.77 676.87 478.03 1495.59 705.73 672.11 5877 .67
2027 1345.72 670.06 737.82 540.29 1678.10 785.48 748.04 6505.52
2028 1466.82 730.31 804.21 609.10 1876.78 876.86 835.19 7199.26
40
IRC:SP:30-2019

Cars Cars
2029 1598.87 796.19 876.54 686.25 2101.69 982.24 935.02 7976.80
2030 1742.87 867.70 955.42 780.79 2369.57 1095.92 1042.06 8854.31
2031 1899.80 945.82 1041.45 883.68 2667.02 1226.53 1165.15 9829.45
2032 2070.67 1030.91 1135.14 1005.86 3017.96 1382.02 1311.10 10953.65
2033 2257.13 1123.60 1237.29 1127.78 3364.33 1538.28 1459.95 12108.36
2034 2460.19 1224.57 1348.61 1229.41 3667.04 1676.31 1591.38 13197.50
2035 2681.49 1334.81 1470.00 1339.79 3996.92 1826.78 1735.24 14385.03
2036 2922.69 1454.99 1602.27 1459.99 4356.46 1990.93 1891.54 15678.87
2037 3185.80 1586.08 1746.43 1591.13 4748.12 2170.00 2062.04 17089.61
Table 30 Total Vehicle Operating Cost (in ~ lakh) for the Proposed Bypass (Case 111)

Cars Cars
2019 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2020 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2021 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2022 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2023 564.60 281.13 101.28 335.82 896.17 354.12 762.84 3295.97
2024 615.33 306.62 110.37 373.84 987.28 392.17 843.63 3629.24
2025 670.80 333.94 120.34 417.14 1097.42 435.98 937.50 4013.12
2026 731.39 364.16 131.20 462.91 1222.57 479.03 1030.80 4422.06
2027 797.08 396.93 142.95 518.49 1358.57 531.83 1143.39 4889.25
2028 868.98 432.62 155.80 580.68 1512.15 590.59 1269.05 5409.87
2029 947.08 471.22 169.88 653.06 1683.19 658.37 1412.60 5995.39
2030 1032.12 513.83 185.17 735.55 1882.23 729.98 1567.37 6646.26
2031 1124.82 560.08 201.79 827.66 2096.19 812.80 1743.66 7366.99
2032 1226.28 610.70 219.97 932.42 2363.03 908.01 1948.88 8209.28
2033 1336.50 665.69 239.80 1054.63 2642.77 1010.16 2165.40 9114.94
2034 1456.93 725.77 261.41 1192.31 2979.62 1136.18 2434.64 10186.87
2035 1588.32 790.96 284.90 1355.83 3339.62 1272.26 2722.77 11354.66
2036 1731.39 861.97 310.61 1538.38 3776.60 1423.10 3042.46 12684.50
2037 1887.23 939.53 338.65 1749.87 4251.83 1602.11 3422.43 14191.65
41
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table 31 Statement of Cost and Benefit Analysis of Alternate Proposals
(in~ Lakh)
Year Case I: Do Nothing Case-II: Existing Case-Ill: Bypass Road Cost Benefit Net
Road after opening Streams Streams Benefits
of the Bypass
Mainte- Total VOC Mainte- Total VOC Constru- Total VOC

nance nance ction*& of Bypass
Cost* Cost* Mainte-
nance
Cost *of
Bypass
2019 31.5 6025.50 31.5 6025.50 990 0.00 -990 0.00 -990.00
2020 31.5 6668.88 31.5 6668.88 1980 0.00 -1980 0.00 -1980.00
2021 31.5 7376.61 31.5 7376.61 2970 0.00 -2970 0.00 -2970.00
2022 31 .5 8182.30 31.5 8182.30 3960 0.00 -3960 0.00 -3960.00
2023 157.5 9074.51 157.5 4364.67 34.65 3295.97 -34.65 1413.87 1379.22
2024 31.5 10091.68 31.5 4815.64 34.65 3629.24 -34.65 1646.80 1612.15
2025 31.5 11222.33 31.5 5318.77 34.65 4013.12 -34 .65 1890.44 1855.79
2026 31.5 12509.04 31 .5 5877.67 34.65 4422.06 -34.65 2209.31 2174.66
2027 31.5 13844.00 31.5 6505.52 173.25 4889.25 -173.25 2449.24 2275.99
2028 157.5 15090.53 157.5 7199.26 34.65 5409.87 -34.65 2481.39 2446.74
2029 31.5 16449.08 31 .5 7976.80 34.65 5995.39 -34.65 2476.89 2442.24
2030 31.5 17930.44 31 .5 8854.31 34.65 6646.26 -34.65 2429.87 2395.22
2031 31.5 19545.11 31 .5 9829.45 34.65 7366.99 -34.65 2348.67 2314.02
2032 31.5 21305.64 31.5 10953.65 34.65 8209.28 -34.65 2142.72 2108.07
2033 157.5 23224.03 157.5 12108.36 34.65 9114.94 -34.65 2000.72 1966.07
2034 31.5 25313.72 31.5 13197.50 173.25 10186.87 -173.25 1929.35 1756.10
2035 31.5 27592.42 31.5 14385.03 34.65 11354.66 -34.65 1852.73 1818.08
2036 31.5 30075.20 31.5 15678.87 34.65 12684.50 -34.65 1711.82 1677.17
2037 31.5 32781.44 31.5 17089.61 173.25 14191 .65 -173.25 1500.18 1326.93
IRR= 14.85%
* Financial Price has been converted in to Economic Price by excluding the Tax Components
42
IRC:SP:30-2019
8. STAGES INVOLVED IN ECONOMIC EVALUATION
8.1 The process of economic evaluation involves a number of stages . The normal stages
involved in their sequential order are as follows 9·19 :
(1) Identification and Definition of the Project
(2) Collection of economic base data
(3) Traffic surveys on existing facility
(4) Selection of policy variables for analysis and decision criteria
(5) Inventory of existing road
(6) Traffic projections
(7) Engineering design of proposed alternative schemes
(8) Estimation of cost of new facility as per all alternatives considered
(9) Traffic analysis on existing and new/proposed roads
(10) Estimation of Road User Benefits
(11) Economic Analysis
8.2 Identification and Definition of the Project
The first step in the process is to clearly identify the project and define its scope. This will help in
establishing important factors such as its length, cost, traffic etc.
8.3 Collection of Economic Base Data
In order to carry out the economic analysis of the project, a good amount of economic data is
needed. This data will be especially useful in establishing traffic growth rates and forecasting
future traffic. Data on past trends of growth of national income i.e. Gross National Product
(GNP), population, motor vehicle population, sale of petroleum products, agricultural production,
industrial production, etc. can be particularly valuable.
8.4 Traffic Surveys
Traffic surveys of the following nature are needed:

(1) Traffic census data at intervals of say 20 km, on the existing road, giving Average
Daily Traffic (ADT} with composition.
(2) Past census data to establish traffic growth rates in the past.
(3) Origin - Destination (0-D) surveys in case of a bypass
(4) Speed and delay studies on the existing alignment
8.5 Selection of Policy Variables for Analysis and Decision Criteria
The most important policy variable that has to be selected is the design life. It is normal to have
highway economic analysis for a design life of 15-20 years. Any value above this range is not
likely to influence the analysis because of the effect of discounting. Also, forecasts beyond this
range are likely to be erroneous. Thus, for the present, the analysis in India may be done for
15-20 years. If a lesser period is selected, some salvage value will have to be assigned to the
43
IRC:SP:30-2019
facility at the last year of the design period. This may vary from 10 to 20 percent of the initial cost
of the facility.
The next point to be selected is the discount rate or the minimum IRR that will be considered
acceptable. This factor has been discussed earlier and for Indian conditions, a discount rate
of 12 percent per annum is generally acceptable. There are many issues, which need to be
addressed regarding shadow pricing of wages, materials and equipment. It is good to arrive at a
decision on these points right in the beginning.
8.6 Inventory of the Existing Road
The existing road should be fully surveyed and mapped along with the particulars such as terrain,
traffic, road conditions (geometry, roughness pavement width) and pavement characteristics
(strength, composition, thickness, deflection, etc.) should also be collected. These will have
an influence on the design and specification that will be selected and also on the cost of the
alternatives.
8. 7 Traffic Projections
Since traffic affects pavement design, design of pavement width and road user costs, its accurate
forecast is necessary. This can be done by various methods such as:
(i) Time Series analysis of past traffic count data at the site
(ii) Time Series analysis of past growth of motor vehicle population in the region
(iii) Time Series analysis of past growth of sale of petroleum products in the region
(iv) Correlation between growth of traffic and growth of selected economic indicators.
On the National Highways, the rate of growth is likely to be in the range of 8-12 percent in the
coming years.
8.8 Engineering Design of Alternatives
Based on the present condition of the road and present traffic, the future traffic is estimated and
various alternatives are visualized to meet the demand. The alternatives might consist of stage-
construction strategies or full construction initially.
8.9 Estimation of Cost of New Facility for all Alternatives
For each of the selected alternatives, cost estimates are worked out based on engineering
designs. Taxes and subsidies are deducted and shadow pricing is done to arrive at economic
costs. The cost of maintenance is also estimated for each of the future years. It has been roughly
found that the cost of a road project exclusive of taxes can be taken as 85 - 90 % of the total cost.
8.10 Traffic Analysis
The analysis of speed-flow is carried out for each year of the design period, knowing the traffic
on the road each year. The analysis is carried out for both the existing road and each of the
envisaged alternatives. The design should consider widening the pavement to the next stage
when the traffic exceeds the design service volume, which may be taken from IRC:64 11 • If such
44
IRC:SP:30-2019
widening is not carried out the effect of congestion, described in Section 6.9 should be added
with voe.
8.11 Estimation of Road User Benefits

Knowing the traffic volume of each class of vehicle, the corresponding speeds, roughness values,
pavement widths and geometry (rise and fall and/or curvature), the VOC components can be
calculated from the VOC Tables. They are then tabulated including and excluding passenger
time savings for each year of analysis.
8.12 Economic Analysis

The economic analysis is then done for each alternative by comparing with the "do-nothing
alternative" and also for the incremental investments from one alternative to the other. If the
results are acceptable, as per decision criteria already established, the best alternative is
selected. There are ready-made packages for carrying out Economic Analysis. World Bank's
HDM IV (Version 2.0) is one such software.
REFERENCES
1. Adler, H.A., (1967) "Sector and Project Planning in Transportation", International Bank
for Reconstruction and Development, Washington, 1967.
2. CRRI. (1982) "Road User Cost Study in India", Final Report, submitted to Ministry of
Surface Transport (MOST), Government of India, New Delhi, 1982.
3. CRRI. (2001) "Updation of Road User Cost Study Data", Final Report, Volume - I
and II submitted to Ministry of Surface Transport (MOST), Government of India, New
Delhi, 2001.
4. CRRI. (2014) "Development of Road User Cost Models for High Speed Corridors",
Supra Institutional Project (SIP-030), 11th Five Year Plan Project, Traffic Module,
Volume - II, CSIR-CRRI, a report submitted to CSIR, New Delhi, September 2014.
5. Deepa, C. (2011) "Development of Congestion Cost Equations for Multi-Lane
Highways", an unpublished Master's Thesis submitted to NIT Surathkal, India, 2011.
6. Errampalli, M., Reddy, T. S. and Velmurugan, S. (2005) "Updation of Free Speed
Models through Mechanistic Principles for Indian Conditions", Journal of Advanced
Transportation, 38 (2), pp. 133-146.
7. Errampalli, M., Velmurugan, S., Ravinder, K. and Gangopadhyay, S., (2009) "Speed
-flow Characteristics of High Speed Corridors in India", Proc. 14th International
Conference of Hong Kong Society for Transportation Studies (HKSTS), Hong Kong,
2009.
8. Errampalli, M., Velmurugan, S., Ravinder, K. and Nataraju, J. (2011 ). "Development
of Free Speed Equations for Assessment of Road User Cost on High Speed Multi-
lane Carriageways of India on Plain Terrain". Journal of Current Science, 100 (9), pp.
1362-1372.
9. Heggie, I. A. (1972) "Transport Engineering Economics", McGraw Hill Book Company,
London, 1972.
45
IRC:SP:30-2019
10. CRRI (2017) "Indian Highway Capacity Manual" A Report submitted to Council of
Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) India, 2017.
11. IRC:64-1990. "Guidelines for Capacity of Roads in Rural Areas", Indian Roads
Congress (IRC), New Delhi.
12. IRC:SP:16-2019. "Guidelines on Measuring Road Roughness and Norms", Indian
Roads Congress (IRC), New Delhi, 1990.
13. IRC:SP:87-2019. "Manual of Specification and Standards for Six Laning of Highways
(Second Revision)", Indian Roads Congress (IRC), New Delhi, 2013.
14. Kadiyali, L. R. (1983) "Traffic Engineering and Transport Planning", Khanna Publishers,
Delhi, 1983.
15. Kadiyali , L. R. (1984) "Principles and Practice of Highway Engineering", Khanna
Technical Publication, Delhi, 1984.
16. Kadiyali, L. R. and Associates (1991) "Updated Road User Cost Data", Final Report,
Ministry of Surface Transport (MOST) and Asian Development Bank, New Delhi,
1991.
17. Kumar, S. (2011) "Development of Steady State Fuel Consumption Equations for
Multi-Lane Highways", Master's Dissertation, NIT Surathkal, India, 2011.
18. Lyn, S. and Vander Tak, H. G. (1981) "Economic Analysis of Projects", World Bank
Report, John Hipkins University Press, Balumore and London, 1981.
19. Odier, L. (1963) "The Economic Benefits of Road Construction and Improvements",
French Ministry of Public Works, Paris, 1963.
20. OEA. (2019) "Wholesale Price Index (WPI) Data", Office of the Economic Adviser
(OEA), Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Government of India, New Delhi (Web site:
https://eaindustry.nic.in/home.asp).
21. Planning Commission (1983) "Benefit Cost Analysis of Transport Projects", Report
of the Specialized Working Group, Planning Commission, Government of India, New
Delhi, 1990.
22. Reddy, T.S., Velmurugan S., Errampalli, M. and Ramalingaiah A., (2003) "Updation
of Road User Cost and Revised Software for Evaluation of Highway Projects", Paper
No.493, Journal of Indian Roads Congress (IRC), 64 (2), pp 207-267.
23. Singh, A. (2005) "Draft Manual on Economic Evaluation of Highway Projects in India",
Post Graduate Dissertation, School of Planning and Architecture (SPA), New Delhi,
2005.
24. Swaminathan, C. G. and Kadiyali, L. R. (1983) "Road User Cost Study in India", Paper
No.355, Journal of Indian Roads Congress (IRC), 44 (1 ), Indian Roads Congress,
New Delhi, 1983.
25. TCS (1999), "Evaluation of Road Accident Costs", Research Scheme R-79, Tata
Consultancy Services (TCS), Report Submitted to Ministry of Surface Transport
(MOST), Government of India, New Delhi, 1999.
26. Velmurugan, S., Errampalli, M., Kayitha , R. and Jakkula, N. (2012). "Development of
Congestion Cost Equations for Multilane Highways in India", Transportation Research
Record 2317 , Transportation Research Board (TRB), Washington , D. C., pp. 121-130.
46
IRC:SP:30-2019
27 . Velmurugan, S., Errampalli, M., Kayitha, R., Sitaramanjaneyulu K., and Gangopadhyay
S. (2010) "Critical Evaluation of Roadway Capacity of Multilane High Speed Corridors
Under Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions through Traditional and Microscopic
Simulation Models" Journal of Indian Roads Congress (IRC), 71 (3) pp. 235-266.
28. Weiss, W. D. (1974) "Manual on Highway Project Appraisal in Developing Countries",
Economic Development Institute, International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development, Washington, 1974.
29. Winfrey, R., (1969) "Economic Analysis for Highways", International Textbook
Company, Soranton, 1969.
47
IRC:SP:30-2019
ANNEX-A
TABLE A.1 SPEED-FLOW (SF) EQUATIONS FOR DIFFERENT VEHICLES

AND CARRIAGEWAYS
Road Type Plain Terrain Rolling Terrain Hilly Terrain
SF1: Ve = 68.54 - 0.0562*O SF?: Ve = 64.88 - 0.0562*O SF13: Ve= 55.104 - 0.0562*O
SF2: VBUS = 57.953 - SF8: VBUS =54.971 - SF14: VBUS = 46.609 -

0.0478*Q 0.0478*Q 0.0478*Q
SF3: VLev =51.937 - SF15: VLev = 37.169 -

SF9: VLeV = 47.598 - 0.051*Q
0.0510*Q 0.0510*Q
Single Lane
SF10: VHev =45.747 - SF16: VHev = 35.047 -
SF4: V Hev = 50.12 - 0.0373*Q
0.037*Q 0.0373*Q
SF5: VMev =39.718 - SF11: V Mev = 36 .253 - SF17: VMev = 27.773 -

0.0313*O 0.031*O 0.0313*Q
SF18: VTW = 49.057 -

SF6: VTW = 55.466 - 0.0300*Q SF12: VTW = 53.837 - 0.03*Q
0.0300*O
SF19: Ve = 70.206 - 0.021 0*Q SF25: Ve= 71.201 - 0.0210*Q SF31: Ve= 57.537 - 0.021 0*Q
SF20: VBUS = 62 .969 - SF26: V BUS = 58.545 - SF32: VBUS = 47.955 -

0.0130*Q 0.0130*Q 0.0130*Q
SF21: VLev = 56.282 - SF27: VLev = 51.878 - SF33: VLev = 41 .293 -

Intermediate 0.0195*O 0.0195*O 0.0195*O
Lane with
Earthen SF22: V Hev = 55.491 - SF28: V Hev = 51 .061 - SF34: VHev = 40.221 -
Shoulders 0.0186*Q 0.0186*O 0.0186*Q
SF23: VMev = 43.974 - SF29: V Mev = 40.464 - SF35: VMev= 31.873 -

0.0156*Q 0.0156*Q 0.0156*Q
SF24: VTW = 62 .204 - SF36: VTW = 55.578 -

SF30: VTW = 60.52 - 0.0109*Q
0.0109*Q 0.0109*O
SF37: Ve= 94.55 - 0.0170*Q SF43: Ve= 91.789 - 0.0175*Q SF49: Ve= 80.726 - 0.0175*O
SF38: V BUS = 75.552 - SF44: VBUS = 70.57 - SF50: VBUS = 59.175 -

0.0079*Q 0.0136*Q 0.0136*Q
SF45: VLev = 64.953 - SF51: VLev = 52.948 -

SF39: VLev = 67.4 - 0.0060*Q
Two Lane 0.0137*O 0.0137*O
with Earthen
SF40: V Hev = 62.853 - SF46: 60.356 -
V Hev = SF52: V Hev = 48.959 -
Shoulders 0.0083*Q 0.012*O 0.0120*Q
SF41: V Mev = 49.808 - SF47: VMev = 47.83 - SF53: VMev = 38.798 -

0.0070*Q 0.0101*Q 0.0101*Q
SF42: VTW = 71.724 - SF48: V TW = 64.849 - SF54: V TW = 60.096 -

0.0105*Q 0.0105*Q 0.0105*Q
48
IRC:SP:30-2019
SF55: Ve = 97.844 - 0.0079*Q SF61 : Ve = 94.087 - 0.0079*Q SF67: Ve= 84.03 - 0.0079*Q
SF56: V BUS = 78.53 - SF62: VBUS = 75.406 - SF68: VBUS = 66.648 -

0.0071*Q 0 .0071*Q 0.0071*Q
SF57: VLCV = 70.118 - SF63: VLCV = 67.193 - SF69: VLCV = 58.623 -

Two Lane 0.0071*Q 0.0071*Q 0.0071*Q
with Paved SF58: V HGV = 65.329 - SF64 : V HGV = 62.56 - SF70: VHCV = 54.296 -
Shoulders 0.0062*Q 0.0062*Q 0.0062*Q
SF59: VMCV = 51 .77 - SF65: V MCV = 49.576 - SF71: V MCV = 43.027 -

0.0052*Q 0.0052*Q 0.0052*Q
SF60: VTW= 71.816- SF66: VTW = 70.452 - SF72:VTW = 66.043 -

0.0073*Q 0 .0073*Q 0.0073*Q
SF73: Ve = 94.505 - 0.0091 *Q SF79: Ve = 91 .783 - 0.0091*Q SF85: Ve= 80.412 - 0.0091*Q
SF74: VBUS = 79.389 - SF80:VBUS = 74.478 - SF86: VBUS = 62.72 -

0.0069*Q 0.0069*Q 0.0069*Q
SF75: VLCV = 70.744 - SF87: VLCV = 53.551 -

SF81 :VLCV = 65.693 - 0.008*Q
0.0080*Q 0.0080*Q
Four Lane
with Earthen SF88: VHCV = 49.819 -
SF76 : V HGV = 66 .156 - SF82 :V HGV= 61.416 -
Shoulders 0.0111*Q 0.0111*Q 0.0111*Q
SF77: V MCV = 52.425 - SF89: VMCV = 39.479 -

SF83:VMCV = 48.67 - 0.0093*Q
0.0093*Q 0.0093*Q
SF78: VTW = 76.278 - SF84:VTW = 74.456 - SF90: VTW = 69 .109 -

0.0075*Q 0 .0075*Q 0.0075*Q
=
SF91: Vcs 47.473 + =
SF98 :Vcs 45.65 + SF105: V cs = 40. 771 +
(2253 .686-0.408*Q)05 (2083. 923-0. 392*Q )0 5 (1662.274-0.35*Q) 0 5
SF92 : V CB = 48 .238 + SF99:VCB = 45.469 + SF106: VCB = 38.839 +

(2326 .905-0.24 *Q)O5 (2067.43-0.226*Q) 0 5 (1508.468-0.193*Q) 05
SF93: VBUS = 37.550 + =

SF100:VBUS 35.041 + SF107: VBUS = 29.009 +
(1410.003-0.253*Q) 05 (1227.872-0.236*Q)05 (841.522-0.195*Q)O 5
Four Lane
with Paved
=
SF94 : VLCV 30.953 + =
SF101 :VLCV 28 .871 + =
SF108: VLCV 23.778 +
(958.088-0 .154*Q)05 (833.535-0.144*O)05 (565.393-0.118*Q) 0 5
Shoulders
SF95: VHCV = 34.601 + SF102:VHCV = 32.274 + =
SF109: VHCV 26.581 +
(1197.229-0.203*Q)05 (1041.611 -0.189*Q)05 (706.55-0.156*Q)O 5
SF96: V MCV = 30.669 + SF103:V MCV = 29 .965 + SF110 : VMCV = 27.896 +

(940.588-0.14 7*Q) 05 (897.901-0.144*Q) 05 (778.187-0.134*O)0 5
SF97 : VTW = 37.978 + =

SF104:VTW 37.106 + SF111: VTW = 34.545 +
(1442 .328-0.262*Q)05 (1376.855-0.256*Q)05 (1193.357-0.238*Q)0 5
49
IRC:SP:30-2019
SF113:VCB = 48.278 + SF120:V CB = 45.507 + SF127: VCB = 38.871 +

(2330.765-0.313*Q) 0 5 (2070.887-0 .295*Q)O5 (1510.955-0.252*Q) 05
SF114: VBUS = 37.155 + SF121 :VBUS = 34.672 + SF128: VBUS = 28.704 +

(1380.494-0.16*Q)05 (1202.148-0.149*Q) 0 5 (823.92-0.124*Q}° 5
SF115: VLCV = 31.030 + SF122:VLCV = 28.943 + SF129: VLCV = 23.837 +

Six Lane Divided (962.861-0.104*Q}°5 (837.697-0.097*Q}° 5 (568.203-0.08*Q)05
Carriageway SF116: VHCV = 34.287 + SF123:VHCV = 31.981 + SF130: VHCV = 26.339 +
(1175.598-0.133*Q)05 (1022.784-0.124*Q}° 5 (693. 743-0.102*Q)05
SF117 : V MCV = 30.427 + SF124:VMCV = 29.728 + SF131: VMCV = 27.676 +

(925.802-0.094*Q}°5 (883.754-0.092*Q) 05 (765.961-0.086*Q)05
SF118: VTW= 36.171 + SF125:VTW = 35.34 + SF132: VTW = 32.901 +

(1308.341-0.212*Q}° 5 (1248.916-0.207*Q)05 (1082.476-0.193*Q)0·5
SF133: Vcs = 47.457 + SF140:Vcs = 45.635 +

(2252.167-0.289*Q}° 5 (2082. 553-0 .278*Q )0 5
SF134: VCB = 48 .296 + SF 141:VCB = 45.524 +

(2332.504-0.317*Q}° 5 (2072.435-0 .299*Q)O5
SF135: VBUS = 37.150 + SF142:VBUS = 34.668 +

(1380.123-0.163*Q)0 5 (1201.87-0.152*Q) 05
Eight Lane
SF136: VLCV = 30.879 + SF143: VLCV = 28.802 +
Divided
(953.513-0.104*Q) 05 (829.555-0.097*Q)O 5
Carriageway
SF137: V HCV = 34.240 + SF144 : VHCV = 31.938 +
(1172 .378-0.134*Q)0 5 (1020 .036-0.125*Q) 05
SF138: VMCV = 30.382 + SF145: VMAV = 29.684 +

(923.066-0. 095*Q )0 5 (881.14-0.093*Q)05
SF139: V rw = 36.300 + SF146: VTW = 35.466 +

(1317.69-0.226*Q)05 (1257.837-0.221 *Q) 05
SF147: Vcs = 47.457 +

(2252.167-0.289*Q)05
SF148: VCB = 48.296 +

(2332.504-0 .317*Q)05
SF149: VBUS = 37.150 +

(1380.123-0.163*Q)05
SF150: VLCV = 30.879 +

Expressways
(953.513-0.104*Q)0 5
=
SF151: VHCV 34.240 +
(1172.378-0.134*Q)0 5
=
SF152: VMCV 30.382 +
(923.066-0.095*Q}°5
SF153: VTW = 36.300 +

(1317 .69-0 .226*Q)05
50
IRC:SP:30-2019
Where,
Q = Volume of traffic in PCU/hour
Vc = Speed of Cars in km/hour
V cs = Speed of Small Cars in km/hour
V cB = Speed of Big Cars in km/hour
V Bus = Speed of Buses in km/hour
VLcv = Speed of Light Commercial Vehicles in km/hour
V Hcv = Speed of Two Axle Heavy Commercial Vehicles in km/hour
V MAv = Speed of Multi Axle Heavy Commercial Vehicles in km/hour
V TW = Speed of Two Wheelers in km/hour
51
IRC:SP:30-2019
ANNEX-8
voe EQUATIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS OF voe

Table B.1 VOC and Time Cost Equations for Small Cars
S. No. VOC Component Equation

1 Fuel Consumption* (FC) Petrol Cars: FCcs = 30+(844.085N)+ 0.003 V 2 + 0.001*
*Composition of 70:30 for Petrol RG + 0.3414* RS - 0.2225*FL
and Diesel may be considered to Diesel Cars: FCcs = 35+(983.503N)+ 0.003 V 2 + 0.002*
workout fuel cost of Small Cars RG + 0.339* RS - 0.4785*FL
unless otherwise enumerated
2 Spare Parts Cost (SP)
(a) Excluding Taxes SP
~ = 0.0075 * (RG - 2000) * 10- 5
NPET
(b) Including Taxes SR
___!_:!:_ = 0.0075 * (RG - 2000) * 10- 5
NP1T
3 Maintenance Labour (LC) LC= 1.79934 * SP
4 Tyre Life (TL) TL= 68771-147.9* RF -26.72*(RG/W)
5 Engine Oil (EOL) EOL = 1.8807+0.036615*RF+0.000578*(RG/W)
6 Other Oil (OL) OL = 1.631+0.05167*RF+0.001867*(RG/W)
7 Grease (G) G = 2.816+0.2007*RF
8 Speed (V)
(a) Single Lane Vc/L = 66.44-0.6922*RF-0.002874*(RG-2000)
(b) Intermediate Lane VCSIL = 73.16-0.7298*RF-0.002231*(RG-2000)
(c) Two Lane Vc/L = 81.19-0.7892*RF-0.001891*(RG-2000)
(d) Four Lane vcs 4 L = 100.625-0.394*RF-0.00330*RG
(e) Six Lane VCSSL = 101.065-0.386*RF-0.00323*RG
(f) Eight Lane Vc/L = 103.517-0.386*RF-0.00323*RG
(g) Expressway Vc/w = 93.71-0.386*RF-0.00323*RG +0.701*W 0
Where W0 is Width of Carriageway in one direction (in m)
9 Utilisation (UPD) UPD = 6.7127 * Vcsj
Where j = SL, IL, 2L, 4L, 6L, BL, EW
10 Fixed Cost (FXC)
395.65
(a) Excluding Taxes FXCET = UPD
400.61
(b) Including Taxes FXC 1T =
UPD
11 Depreciation Cost (DC)
42.83
(a) Excluding Taxes DCET = UPD
76.68
(b) Including Taxes DC1T = UPD
52
IRC:SP:30-2019

12 Passenger Time Cost (PT)
(a) Single Lane and Intermediate PTSL_IL - 244.07
Lane cs -
V
328.06
(b) Two Lane PT2L
cs --
V
(c) Multi-Lane (Four, Six and ML 498.65
Eight Lane) PTcs =-v-
721.73
(d) Expressways PTEW
cs --
V
Table B.2 voe and Time Cost Equations for Big Cars
1 Fuel Consumption* (FC) Petrol Cars: FCcs = 30+(844.085N)+ 0.003 V 2 +
*Composition of 30:70 for Petrol 0.001* RG + 0.3414* RS - 0.2225*FL
and Diesel may be considered to Diesel Cars: FCcB = 35+(983.503N)+ 0.003 V 2 +
workout fuel cost of Big Cars 0.002* RG + 0.339* RS - 0.4785*FL
SP
(a) Excluding Taxes ~ = 0.0045 * (RG - 2000) * 10-s
NPET
SP
(b) Including Taxes ____!:!:. = 0.0045 * (RG - 2000) * 10-s
NP1T
4 Tyre Life (TL) TL= 68771-147.9* RF -26.72*(RG/W)
6 Other Oil (OL) OL = 1.631 +0.05167*RF+0.001867*(RG/W)
7 Grease (G) G = 2.816+0.2007*RF
8 Speed(V)
(a) Single Lane V CB SL= 67.04-0.6984*RF-0.002956*(RG-2000)
(b) Intermediate Lane V CBIL = 73.82-0.7364*RF-0.002251 *(RG-2000)
(c) Two Lane Vc/L = 81.92-0.7963*RF-0.001915*(RG-2000)
(d) Four Lane V CB 4 L = 100.625-0 .394 *RF-0.00330*RG
(e) Six Lane V CBSL= 104.159-0.398*RF-0.00333*RG
(f) Eight Lane VCBSL = 107.743-0.402*RF-0.00337*RG
(g) Expressway V c/w = 97.53-0.402*RF-0.00337*RG +0.729*W 0
9 UPD = 6.7378 * VCBj

Utilisation (UPD)
10 Fixed Cost (FXC)
395.65
53
IRC:SP:30-2019

400.61
UPD
42.83
76.68
(b) Including Taxes oc,T = UPD

(a) Single Lane and Intermediate PTSL_IL -
244.07
CB -
Lane V
328.06
(b) Two Lane prZL _
CB -
V
(c) Multi-Lane (Four, Six and 721.73
prML _
Eight Lane) CB -
V
721.73
(d) Expressways prEW _
CB -
V
Table B.3 voe and Time Cost Equations for Two Wheelers
S.No. VOC Component Equation
1 FC = 2.704+(439.656N)+0.00349*V2 + 0.000157*RG +
Fuel Consumption (FC)
0.3642*RS - 0.2709*FL
SP
(a) Excluding Taxes ~ = (-55.879 + 0.024 * RG) * 10-s
NPET
SP
(b) Including Taxes N~i: = (-55 .879 + 0.024 * RG) * 10- 5
3 Maintenance Labour (LC) LC = 0.5498*SP
4 Tyre Life (TL) TL= 47340 - 101.B*RF - 18.39* RG/W
5 Engine Oil (EOL) EOL= 0.405+0.007899* RF +0.000125*(RG/W)
6 Speed (V)
(a) Single Lane vTWsL = 52.91-0.6922*RF-0.002874*(RG-2000)
(b) Intermediate Lane VTWIL = 58.86-0.7298*RF-0.002231*(RG-2000)
(c) Two Lane V TW 2L = 59. 71-0.7892*RF-0.001891 *(RG-2000)
(d) Four Lane VTW4 L = 78 .57-0.7235*RF-0.001729* RG
(e) Six Lane VTW6 L = 81 .35-0.7235*RF-0.001729*RG
(f) Eight Lane vTWaL = 82.73-0.7235*RF-0.001729*RG
(g) Expressway VTWEW = 77.19-0.7235*RF-0.001729*RG+0.396*WD
7 UPD = 2.119* VTWj
Utilisation (UPD)
54
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8 Fixed Cost (FXC)
24.32
24.86
(b) Including Taxes FXC1T = UPD

4.26
5.85

(a) Single Lane and SL IL 49 .28
Intermediate Lane PTnv =-v-
ZL 70.29
(b) Two Lane PTTw=-V-
ML 70.77
(c) Multi-Lane Roads PTTw =-v-
EW 70.77
(d) Expressways PTTw =-v-
Table B.4 voe and Time Cost Equations for Buses

1 Fuel Consumption (FC) FC = 34.23 + (4054.42N) + 0.02149 * V 2 + 0.001246 * RG
+ 3.4557 * RS - 1.8454 * FL
(a) Excluding Taxes SPET = eC-9.7871 +o.oo7373*RF+o.0000723 *RG+1.92S/W)

NPET
(b) Including Taxes SP,T = ec-10.1126+0.007373*RF+o.oooon3*RG+1.92s;w)

NP,T
3 Maintenance Labour (LC) LC= 1.1781*SP

4 Tyre Life (TL) TL= 38519-389.52*RF-1.32*RG+983.829*W
55
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6 Other Oil (OL) OL = 3.3201+0.002889*RF + 0.0008217*RG-0.3295*W
7 Grease (G) G = 4.992+0.03376*RF+ 0.3634*W
8 Speed (V)
(a) Single Lane VBUS SL: 47.25-0.3698*RF-0.00165*(RG-2000)
(b) Intermediate Lane VBUSIL = 52.65-0.4031*RF-0.00123*(RG-2000)
(c) Two Lane V su/L= 54.23-0.4111 *RF-0.00098*(RG-2000)
(d) Four Lane VBUS 4 L: 75.43-0.214 *RF-0.00198*RG
(e) Six Lane VBUS 6L= 77.58-0.214 *RF-0.00198*RG
(f) Eight Lane V su/L= 79. 73-0.214 *RF-0.00198*RG
(g) Expressway vsu/w= 71.13-0.214 *RF-0.00198*RG+0.614*WD
9 Utilisation (UPD) UPD=22.7134 + 12.2569 * VBUSj
10 Fixed Cost (FXC)
772.89
(a) Excluding Taxes FXCET =
UPD
1415.09
(b) Including Taxes FXC1T =
UPD
221.00
(a) Excluding Taxes DCET =
UPD
355.71
(b) Including Taxes DC1T =
UPD
12 3775.3
Crew Cost (CW) CW=
UPD
(a) Single Lane and Intermediate PTSLJL _ 7297.63
Lane BUS -
UPD
15509.80
(b) Two Lane PT2L
BUS --
UPD
23721.98
(c) Multi-Lane Roads PTML
BUS --
UPD
28385.28
(d) Expressways PTEW
BUS --
UPD
56
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Table B.5 VOC and Commodity Holding Cost Equations for Light Commercial Vehicles (LCVs)

1 Fuel Consumption (FC) FC = 22.504+1708.244N+0.02591*(V)2+ 0.001612*RG
+5.6863*RS-0.87 44 *FL
(a) Excluding Taxes SPET = eC-10.s61s + 0.000141 * RG + 3.493/ W)

NPET
(a) Including Taxes SP1T = e(-10.5615 + 0.000141 * RG + 3.493/ W)

NP1T
3 Maintenance Labour (LC) LC = 0.85773 * SP(IT)
4 Tyre Life (TL) TL= 22382+3817*W-375.3*RF-1.037*RG
6 Other Oil (OL) OL = 2.0415+0.0001058*RG
7 Grease (G) G = 0.3661+0.0283*RF+0.000251*RG
8 Speed (V)
(a) Single Lane VLc/L = 49.87-0.4447*RF-0.00088*(RG-2000)
(b) Intermediate Lane VLCVIL = 53.70-0.4788*RF-0.00095*(RG-2000)
(c) Two Lane VLc/L= 57.41-0.5119*RF-0.00102*(RG-2000)
(d) Four Lane VLc/L= 74.897-0.163*RF-0.0031*RG
(e) Six Lane VLc/L= 77.036-0.163*RF-0.0031*RG
(f) Eight Lane VLc/L= 79.174-0.163*RF-0.0031*RG
(g) Expressway VLc/w= 70.620-0.163*RF-0.0031*RG+0.611*W 0
Where W O is Width of Carriageway in one direction (in m)
9 Utilisation (UPD) UPD = 28.807+2.1836*VLc)
10 Fixed Cost (FXC)
723.80
829.56
(b) Including Taxes FXCIT = UPD
120.90
173.51
(b) Including Taxes DCIT = UPD
12 900
Crew Cost (CW) CW=-
UPD
57
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13 Commodity Holding Cost (CHC)
(a) Single Lane and Intermediate SL IL 64 -71
Lane CHCLcv = UPD
ZL 71.35
(b) Two Lane CHCLCV = UPD
149.12
(c) Multi-Lane Roads CHCf:1cLv = UPD
149.12
(d) Expressways CHCfi = UPD
Table B.6 voe and Commodity Holding Cost Equations for

Two Axle Heavy Commercial Vehicles (HCVs)
5.No. VOC Component Equation

1 Fuel Consumption (FC) FC = 50.0 + 8049.955N + 0.012 * V 2 + 0.005 * RG +
4.565 *RS - 4.904 *FL - 7.285 * (PWR)
(a) Excluding Taxes SPET = e(-9.492638 + 0.0001413 • RG + 3.493/ W)

NPET
(b) Including Taxes SP1T = e(-9.492638 + o.0001413 • RG + 3.493/ W)

NP1T
3 Maintenance Labour (LC) LC= 0.7912*SP
4 Tyre Life (TL) TL = 24662+4205*W-413.6*RF-1.142*RG
6 Other Oil (OL) OL = 5.1037+0.0002646*RG
7 Grease (G) G = 0.9153+0.0707*RF+0.000627*RG
8 Speed (V)
(a) Single Lane V HCVSL=48.29-0.4306*RF-0.00086*(RG-2000)
(b) Intermediate Lane V Hcv'L= 53.12-0.4736*RF-0.00094*(RG-2000)
(c) Two Lane V Hc/L=56.52-0.5040*RF-0.001 00*(RG-2000)
(d) Four Lane V HCV4 L=75.15-0.6487*RF-0.001285*RG
(e) Six Lane V HCV6L=77 .17-0.6487*RF-0.001285*RG
(f) Eight Lane V Hc/L=79.19-0.6487*RF-0.001285*RG
(g) Expressway V HCVEW=71.11-0.6487*RF-0.001285*RG+0.577*WD
9 Utilisation (UPD) UPD = 55.6719+4.22*V HcJ

58
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5. No. VOC Component Equation

10 Fixed Cost (FXC)
924.28
(a) Excluding Taxes FXCET =
UPD
1056.82
UPD
154.84
(a) Excluding Taxes DCET =
UPD
256.80
(b) Including Taxes oc,T = UPD
12 1500
Crew Cost (CW) CW=--
UPD
13 Commodity Holding Cost
(CHC)
(a) Single Lane and CHCSL_IL - 182.79
HCV -
Intermediate Lane UPD
218.75
(b) Two Lane CHC~~v = UPD
1084.14
(c) Multi-Lane Roads CHCf1fv = UPD
1084.14
(d) Expressways CHCAfv = UPD
Table B.7 VOC and Commodity Holding Cost Equations for

Multi Axle Heavy Commercial Vehicles (MCVs)
5. No. VOC Component Equation

1 Fuel Consumption (FC) FC = 90.0 + 14489.919/V + 0.0216 * V 2 + 0.01 * RG +
8.217 * RS - 8.8272 * FL- 13.113 * (PWR)
(a) Excluding Taxes SPET = eC-9.492638 + o.0001413 * RG + 3.493/ W)

NPET
(b) Including Taxes SP,T = e(-9.492638 + o.0001413 • RG + 3.493/ W)

NP1y
4 Tyre Life (TL) TL= 23726+4046*W-398*RF-1.0099*RG
6 Other Oil (OL) OL = 5.1037+0.0002646*RG
7 Grease (G) G = 0.9153+0.0707*RF+0.000627*RG
59
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8 Speed (V)
(a) Single Lane V MAVSL=38.27-(0.3412*RF)-0.00068*(RG-2000)
(b) Intermediate Lane V MAv'L =42.01-(0.3753*RF)-0.0007 4 *(RG-2000)
(c) Two Lane V MAV2 L=44.79-(0.3994*RF)-0.00079*(RG-2000)
(d) Four Lane V MAV4 L =7 4.16-0.6405*RF-0.00128 RG
(e) Six Lane V MA/l =76 .60-0.6405*RF-0. 00128 RG
(f) Eight Lane V MA/L =79.03-0.6405*RF-0. 00128 RG
(g) Expressway V MAVEW =69.29-0.6405*RF-0.00128*RG+0.696* W 0
Where W0 is WidthofCarriagewayinonedirection (inm)
9 Utilisation (UPD) UPD = 77.7233+5.8915*VMCVj
10 Fixed Cost (FXC)
1238.26
1479.30
(b) Including Taxes FXC1T = UPD

238.54
425.84
12 1800
Crew Cost (CW) CW=--
UPD
13 Commodity Holding Cost (CHG)
21 409.28
(a) Two Lane CHCMcv = UPD
ML 1707.37
(b) Multi-Lane Roads CHCMcv = UPD
EW 1707.37
(c) Expressways CHCMcv = UPD
60
IRC:SP:30-2019
ANNEX-C
CURRENT VEHICLE OPERATING COST INPUTS
The unit prices of different VOC inputs as per March, 2019 price levels are presented in C.1. To
calculate voe for each vehicle type, these unit costs of voe components need to be utilised.
These can be used for future years by applying Wholesale Price Index (WPI) values periodically
published by the Ministry of Commerce and lndustry5. Economic costs which exclude taxes,
whereas financial costs include taxes. The costs presented in this annex are for free traffic flow
conditions. For congested conditions, they should be increased by using appropriate factors
recommended in paragraph 6.9.
Table C.1 Current Vehicle Operating Cost Inputs
S. No. voe Inputs Price without Price with

Taxes Taxes
A. Cost of New Vehicles
1 Two Wheelers 34209 61235
2 Cars
i) Small Cars 273728 489972
ii) Big Cars 558599 999892
3 Buses 1647150 2948400
4 Light Commercial Vehicles 449721 805000
5 Heavy Commercial Vehicles 940531 1683550
6 Multi-Axle Heavy Commercial Vehicles 1415350 2533475
B. Cost of Petroleum Products
1 Petrol (per litre) 33.58 79.92
2 Diesel (per litre) 30.51 72.61
3 Engine Oil (per litre) 187.96 384.39
4 Other Oil (per litre) 167.70 338.78
5 Grease (per kg) 183.70 390.90
C. Cost of New Tyres
1 Two Wheelers 1355 1668
2 Cars 2940 4456
3 Buses 13475 17500
4 LCVs 5420 8900
5 HCVs and MCVs 13890 20000
(All Prices in ~)
61
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ANNEX-D
voe TABLES
Table VOC Small Cars 1
Economic Cost of Operation of Small Cars on Single Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
RF Fuel Tyre Engine Other Grease Spare Maintenance Fixed Depreciation Total Time Cost Grand
Cost Cost Oil Oil Cost Parts Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost
Cost Cost Cost
0 1.97 0.22 0.41 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.00 1.16 0.13 3.98 4.82 8.80
5 1.96 0.22 0.45 0.05 0.07 0.00 0.00 1.23 0.13 4.10 5.08 9.19
10 1.95 0.22 0.48 0.05 0.09 0.00 0.00 1.30 0.14 4.24 5.38 9.62
15 1.95 0.22 0.51 0.06 0.11 0.00 0.00 1.38 0.15 4.39 5.71 10.10
20 1.96 0.23 0.55 0.06 0.13 0.00 0.00 1.47 0.16 4.55 6.09 10.65
25 1.97 0.23 0.58 0.07 0.14 0.00 0.00 1.58 0.17 4.74 6.53 11.27
30 1.99 0.23 0.62 0.07 0.16 0.00 0.00 1.70 0.18 4.96 7.02 11.98
35 2.02 0.24 0.65 0.07 0.18 0.00 0.00 1.84 0.20 5.20 7.61 12.81
40 2.07 0.24 0.69 0.08 0.20 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.22 5.49 8.29 13.78
45 2.12 0.25 0.72 0.08 0.22 0.00 0.00 2.20 0.24 5.83 9.11 14.95
50 2.20 0.25 0.76 0.09 0.24 0.00 0.00 2.44 0.26 6.24 10.12 16.35

Roughness = 3000
RF Fuel Tyre Engine Other Grease Spare Maintenance Fixed Depreciation Total Passenger Grand
Cost Cost Oil Oil Cost Parts Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.00 0.25 0.44 0.05 0.05 0.21 0.37 1.22 0.13 4.71 5.03 9.75
5 1.99 0.25 0.47 0.06 0.07 0.21 0.37 1.29 0.14 4.84 5.33 10.17
10 1.99 0.26 0.51 0.06 0.09 0.21 0.37 1.37 0.15 4.99 5.65 10.65
15 1.99 0.26 0.54 0.07 0.11 0.21 0.37 1.46 0.16 5.16 6.03 11.18
20 2 .00 0.26 0.58 0.07 0.13 0.21 0.37 1.56 0.17 5.34 6.45 11.79
25 2.02 0.27 0.61 0.07 0.14 0.21 0.37 1.67 0.18 5.55 6.93 12.49
30 2.05 0.27 0.65 0.08 0.16 0.21 0.37 1.81 0.20 5.80 7.50 13.30
35 2.09 0.28 0.68 0.08 0.18 0.21 0.37 1.97 0.21 6.08 8.17 14.24
40 2.15 0.28 0.72 0.09 0.20 0.21 0.37 2.16 0.23 6.41 8.96 15.37
45 2.22 0.29 0.75 0.09 0.22 0.21 0.37 2.40 0.26 6.80 9.93 16.73
50 2 .32 0.29 0.78 0.10 0.24 0.21 0.37 2.69 0.29 7.28 11.14 18.42
62
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Table voe Small Cars 3
Economic Cost of Operation of Small Cars on Single Lane Roads (Rs/km}
Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.03 0.29 0.47 0.06 0.05 0.41 0.74 1.27 0.14 5.46 5.27 10.74
5 2.02 0.30 0.50 0.07 0.07 0.41 0.74 1.35 0.15 5.61 5.60 11.20
10 2.03 0.30 0.54 0.07 0.09 0.41 0.74 1.44 0.16 5.77 5.96 11.73
15 2.04 0.31 0.57 0.07 0.11 0.41 0.74 1.54 0.17 5.95 6.37 12.33
20 2.06 0.32 0.61 0.08 0.13 0.41 0.74 1.65 0.18 6.16 6.85 13.01
25 2.08 0.32 0.64 0.08 0.14 0.41 0.74 1.79 0.19 6.40 7.40 13.80
30 2.12 0.33 0.68 0.09 0.16 0.41 0.74 1.94 0.21 6.68 8.05 14.72
35 2.17 0.34 0.71 0.09 0.18 0.41 0.74 2.13 0.23 7.00 8.82 15.82
40 2.24 0.34 0.74 0.10 0.20 0.41 0.74 2.36 0.25 7.38 9.75 17.14
45 2.33 0.35 0.78 0.10 0.22 0.41 0.74 2.64 0.29 7.85 10.91 18.76
50 2.46 0.36 0.81 0.10 0.24 0.41 0.74 2.99 0.32 8.43 12.38 20.81

Roughness = 5000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.06 0.35 0.50 0.07 0.05 0.62 1.11 1.34 0.14 6.24 5.54 11.78
5 2.06 0.36 0.53 0.07 0.07 0.62 1.11 1.42 0.15 6.40 5.89 12.30
10 2.07 0.37 0.57 0.08 0.09 0.62 1.11 1.52 0.16 6.59 6.30 12.88
15 2.09 0.38 0.60 0.08 0.11 0.62 1.11 1.63 0.18 6.79 6.76 13.55
20 2.11 0.39 0.64 0.09 0.13 0.62 1.11 1.76 0.19 7.03 7.30 14.33
25 2.15 0.40 0.67 0.09 0.14 0.62 1.11 1.91 0.21 7.30 7.93 15.23
30 2.20 0.41 0.70 0.10 0.16 0.62 1.11 2.10 0.23 7.62 8.68 16.29
35 2.26 0.42 0.74 0.10 0.18 0.62 1.11 2.31 0.25 7.99 9.58 17.57
40 2.35 0.43 0.77 0.10 0.20 0.62 1.11 2.58 0.28 8.45 10.70 19.14
45 2.47 0.44 0.81 0.11 0.22 0.62 1.11 2.92 0.32 9.01 12.11 21.12
50 2.63 0.46 0.84 0.11 0.24 0.62 1.11 3.37 0.36 9.73 13.94 23.67
63
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 6000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.10 0.45 0.53 0.08 0.05 0.82 1.48 1.41 0.15 7.06 5.83 12.89
5 2.10 0.47 0.56 0.08 0.07 0.82 1.48 1.50 0.16 7.25 6.23 13.47
10 2.12 0.48 0.60 0.09 0.09 0.82 1.48 1.61 0.17 7.46 6.68 14.13
15 2.14 0.49 0.63 0.09 0.11 0.82 1.48 1.74 0.19 7.69 7.20 14.89
20 2.18 0.51 0.66 0.09 0.13 0.82 1.48 1.89 0.20 7.96 7.81 15.78
25 2.22 0.53 0.70 0.10 0.14 0.82 1.48 2.06 0.22 8.28 8.54 16.82
30 2.29 0.54 0.73 0.10 0.16 0.82 1.48 2.27 0.25 8.65 9.42 18.07
35 2.37 0.56 0.77 0.11 0.18 0.82 1.48 2.53 0.27 9.10 10.49 19.59
40 2.48 0.58 0.80 0.11 0.20 0.82 1.48 2.86 0.31 9.65 11.84 21.49
45 2.63 0.61 0.84 0.12 0.22 0.82 1.48 3.28 0.36 10.35 13.59 23.94
50 2.84 0.63 0.87 0.12 0.24 0.82 1.48 3.85 0.42 11.27 15.95 27.22

Roughness = 7000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.14 0.62 0.56 0.09 0.05 1.03 1.85 1.49 0.16 7.97 6.15 14.13
5 2.15 0.65 0.59 0.09 0.07 1.03 1.85 1.59 0.17 8.19 6.60 14.79
10 2.17 0.68 0.63 0.09 0.09 1.03 1.85 1.72 0.19 8.43 7.11 15.54
15 2.21 0.71 0.66 0.10 0.11 1.03 1.85 1.86 0.20 8.71 7.70 16.41
20 2.25 0.74 0.69 0.10 0.13 1.03 1.85 2.03 0.22 9.04 8.41 17.44
25 2.31 0.77 0.73 0.11 0.14 1.03 1.85 2.23 0.24 9.41 9.25 18.67
30 2.39 0.81 0.76 0.11 0.16 1.03 1.85 2.49 0.27 9.87 10.29 20.16
35 2.50 0.86 0.80 0.12 0.18 1.03 1.85 2.80 0.30 10.42 11.59 22.01
40 2.64 0.91 0.83 0.12 0.20 1.03 1.85 3.20 0.35 11.12 13.26 24.38
45 2.83 0.96 0.87 0. 12 0.22 1.03 1.85 3.74 0.41 12.02 15.50 27.52
50 3.11 1.02 0.90 0.13 0.24 1.03 1.85 4.50 0.49 13.26 18.64 31.91
64
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 8000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.18 1.00 0.59 0.09 0.05 1.23 2.22 1.57 0.17 9.11 6.52 15.62
5 2.21 1.07 0.62 0.10 0.07 1.23 2.22 1.69 0.18 9.39 7.01 16.40
10 2.24 1.14 0.65 0.10 0.09 1.23 2.22 1.83 0.20 9.70 7.59 17.30
15 2.28 1.23 0.69 0.11 0.11 1.23 2.22 2.00 0.22 10.08 8.28 18.36
20 2.34 1.33 0.72 0.11 0.13 1.23 2.22 2.20 0.24 10.51 9.10 19.61
25 2.41 1.46 0.76 0.12 0.14 1.23 2.22 2.44 0.26 11.04 10.10 21.13
30 2.51 1.60 0.79 0.12 0.16 1.23 2.22 2.74 0.30 11 .67 11.35 23.02
35 2.65 1.78 0.83 0.12 0.18 1.23 2.22 3.13 0.34 12.47 12.94 25.42
40 2.83 2.01 0.86 0.13 0.20 1.23 2.22 3.64 0.39 13.51 15.07 28.58
45 3.09 2.30 0.89 0.13 0.22 1.23 2.22 4.35 0.47 14.91 18.02 32.93
50 3.49 2.69 0.93 0.14 0.24 1.23 2.22 5.41 0.59 16.93 22.42 39.35

Economic Cost of Operation of Small Cars on Intermediate Lane Roads (Rs/km}
Roughness= 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.03 0.20 0.39 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.00 1.05 0.11 3.87 4.35 8.22
5 2.01 0.20 0.43 0.04 0.07 0.00 0.00 1.10 0.12 3.97 4.58 8.55
10 1.99 0.20 0.46 0.05 0.09 0.00 0.00 1.17 0.13 4.08 4.83 8.91
15 1.97 0.21 0.50 0.05 0.11 0.00 0.00 1.23 0.13 4 .20 5.11 9.32
20 1.97 0.21 0.53 0.06 0.13 0.00 0.00 1.31 0.14 4.34 5.43 9.77
25 1.97 0.21 0.57 0.06 0.14 0.00 0.00 1.40 0.15 4.50 5.79 10.29
30 1.97 0.22 0.60 0.06 0.16 0.00 0.00 1.50 0.16 4.68 6.20 10.88
35 1.99 0.22 0.63 0.07 0.18 0.00 0.00 1.61 0.17 4.88 6.68 11.56
40 2.02 0.22 0.67 0.07 0.20 0.00 0.00 1.75 0.19 5.11 7.23 12.35
45 2.05 0.22 0.70 0.08 0.22 0.00 0.00 1.90 0.21 5.39 7.89 13.27
50 2.10 0.23 0.74 0.08 0.24 0.00 0.00 2.09 0.23 5.71 8.67 14.38
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Economic Cost of Operation of Small Cars on Intermediate Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness= 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.05 0.22 0.41 0.04 0.05 0.21 0.37 1.08 0.12 4.55 4.48 9.03
5 2.03 0.22 0.45 0.05 0.07 0.21 0.37 1.14 0.12 4.66 4.73 9.38
10 2.02 0.22 0.48 0.05 0.09 0.21 0.37 1.21 0.13 4.77 5.00 9.77
15 2.01 0.23 0.52 0.06 0.11 0.21 0.37 1.28 0.14 4.91 5.30 10.21
20 2.00 0.23 0.55 0.06 0.13 0.21 0.37 1.36 0.15 5.06 5.65 10.70
25 2.01 0.23 0.58 0.07 0.14 0.21 0.37 1.46 0.16 5.23 6.04 11.26
30 2.02 0.24 0.62 0.07 0.16 0.21 0.37 1.57 0.17 5.42 6.49 11.90
35 2.04 0.24 0.65 0.07 0.18 0.21 0.37 1.69 0.18 5.64 7.01 12.65
40 2.07 0.24 0.69 0.08 0.20 0.21 0.37 1.84 0.20 5.90 7.62 13.52
45 2.12 0.25 0.72 0.08 0.22 0.21 0.37 2.02 0.22 6.20 8.35 14.55
50 2.18 0.25 0.76 0.09 0.24 0.21 0.37 2.23 0.24 6.56 9.23 15.79

Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.08 0.24 0.43 0.05 0.05 0.41 0.74 1.12 0.12 5.24 4.63 9.87
5 2.06 0.24 0.47 0.05 0.07 0.41 0.74 1.18 0.13 5.35 4.89 10.24
10 2.05 0.25 0.50 0.06 0.09 0.41 0.74 1.25 0.14 5.48 5.18 10.66
15 2.04 0.25 0.54 0.06 0.11 0.41 0.74 1.33 0.14 5.62 5.51 11.13
20 2.04 0.25 0.57 0.07 0.13 0.41 0.74 1.42 0.15 5.78 5.88 11.66
25 2.05 0.26 0.60 0.07 0.14 0.41 0.74 1.52 0.16 5.97 6.30 12.27
30 2.07 0.26 0.64 0.08 0.16 0.41 0.74 1.64 0.18 6.18 6.79 12.97
35 2.10 0.27 0.67 0.08 0.18 0.41 0.74 1.78 0.19 6.42 7.37 13.79
40 2.14 0.27 0.71 0.08 0.20 0.41 0.74 1.94 0.21 6.70 8.05 14.75
45 2.19 0.28 0.74 0.09 0.22 0.41 0.74 2.14 0.23 7.04 8.87 15.91
50 2.27 0.28 0.78 0.09 0.24 0.41 0.74 2.38 0.26 7.44 9.87 17.32
66
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 5000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.10 0.26 0.45 0.06 0.05 0.62 1.11 1.16 0.13 5.93 4.78 10.71
5 2.09 0.27 0.49 0.06 0.07 0.62 1.11 1.22 0.13 6.05 5.06 11.12
10 2.08 0.27 0.52 0.06 0.09 0.62 1.11 1.30 0.14 6.19 5.37 11.57
15 2.08 0.28 0.56 0.07 0.11 0.62 1.11 1.38 0.15 6.35 5.73 12.07
20 2.08 0.28 0.59 0.07 0.13 0.62 1.11 1.48 0.16 6.52 6.13 12.65
25 2.10 0.29 0.62 0.08 0.14 0.62 1.11 1.59 0.17 6.72 6.59 13.32
30 2.12 0.29 0.66 0.08 0.16 0.62 1.11 1.72 0.19 6.95 7.13 14.09
35 2.16 0.30 0.69 0.09 0.18 0.62 1.11 1.88 0.20 7.22 7.77 14.99
40 2.21 0.30 0.73 0.09 0.20 0.62 1.11 2.06 0.22 7.53 8.53 16.07
45 2.27 0.31 0.76 0.09 0.22 0.62 1.11 2.28 0.25 7.91 9.46 17.37
50 2.36 0.32 0.80 0.10 0.24 0.62 1.11 2.56 0.28 8.37 10.61 18.98

Roughness= 6000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.13 0.30 0.47 0.06 0.05 0.82 1.48 1.20 0.13 6.64 4.95 11.59
5 2.12 0.30 0.51 0.07 0.07 0.82 1.48 1.27 0.14 6.77 5.25 12.02
10 2.12 0.31 0.54 0.07 0.09 0.82 1.48 1.35 0.15 6.92 5.59 12.50
15 2.12 0.31 0.58 0.07 0.11 0.82 1.48 1.44 0.16 7.09 5.97 13.05
20 2.13 0.32 0.61 0.08 0.13 0.82 1.48 1.55 0.17 7.28 6.41 13.68
25 2.15 0.33 0.64 0.08 0.14 0.82 1.48 1.67 0.18 7.50 6.91 14.41
30 2.18 0.33 0.68 0.09 0.16 0.82 1.48 1.81 0.20 7.75 7.51 15.26
35 2.22 0.34 0.71 0.09 0.18 0.82 1.48 1.98 0.21 8.05 8.22 16.27
40 2.28 0.35 0.75 0.10 0.20 0.82 1.48 2.19 0.24 8.40 9.07 17.47
45 2.36 0.36 0.78 0.10 0.22 0.82 1.48 2.45 0.26 8.83 10.13 18.96
50 2.47 0.36 0.82 0.10 0.24 0.82 1.48 2.77 0.30 9.36 11.46 20.82
67
IRC:SP:30-2019
Economic Cost of Operation of Small Cars on Intermediate Lane Roads {Rs/km)
Roughness = 7000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.16 0.34 0.49 0.07 0.05 1.03 1.85 1.24 0.13 7.36 5.13 12.48
5 2.15 0.35 0.53 0.07 0.07 1.03 1.85 1.32 0.14 7.50 5.45 12.95
10 2.15 0.35 0.56 0.08 0.09 1.03 1.85 1.40 0.15 7.66 5.81 13.47
15 2.16 0.36 0.59 0.08 0.11 1.03 1.85 1.50 0.16 7.85 6.23 14.07
20 2.18 0.37 0.63 0.08 0.13 1.03 1.85 1.62 0.18 8.06 6.71 14.76
25 2.20 0.38 0.66 0.09 0.14 1.03 1.85 1.76 0.19 8.30 7.27 15.56
30 2.24 0.39 0.70 0.09 0.16 1.03 1.85 1.91 0.21 8.58 7.93 16.51
35 2.29 0.40 0.73 0.10 0.18 1.03 1.85 2.11 0.23 8.91 8.72 17.63
40 2.36 0.41 0.77 0.10 0.20 1.03 1.85 2.34 0.25 9.31 9.69 19.00
45 2.46 0.42 0.80 0.11 0.22 1.03 1.85 2.63 0.29 9.79 10.90 20.70
50 2.59 0.43 0.84 0.11 0.24 1.03 1.85 3.01 0.33 10.41 12.46 22.87

Economic Cost of Operation of Small Cars on Intermediate Lane Roads {Rs/km)
Roughness = 8000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.19 0.39 0.51 0.07 0.05 1.23 2.22 1.28 0.14 8.09 5.32 13.41
5 2.19 0.40 0.55 0.08 0.07 1.23 2.22 1.37 0.15 8.25 5.67 13.92
10 2.19 0.41 0.58 0.08 0.09 1.23 2.22 1.46 0.16 8.43 6.06 14.49
15 2.21 0.42 0.61 0.09 0.11 1.23 2.22 1.57 0.17 8.63 6.51 15.14
20 2.23 0.44 0.65 0.09 0.13 1.23 2.22 1.70 0.18 8.86 7.04 15.90
25 2.26 0.45 0.68 0.09 0.14 1.23 2.22 1.85 0.20 9.13 7.66 16.79
30 2.31 0.46 0.72 0.10 0.16 1.23 2.22 2.03 0.22 9.44 8.40 17.84
35 2.37 0.48 0.75 0.10 0.18 1.23 2.22 2.24 0.24 9.82 9.29 19.11
40 2.46 0.49 0.79 0.11 0.20 1.23 2.22 2.51 0.27 10.27 10.40 20.67
45 2.57 0.51 0.82 0.11 0.22 1.23 2.22 2.85 0.31 10.84 11.81 22.64
50 2.73 0.52 0.86 0.12 0.24 1.23 2.22 3.30 0.36 11.56 13.66 25.22
68
IRC:SP:30-2019
Economic Cost of Operation of Small Cars on Two Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.11 0.19 0.38 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.95 0.10 3.82 5.26 9.09
5 2.07 0.19 0.42 0.04 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.99 0.11 3.90 5.53 9.43
10 2 .04 0.20 0.45 0.04 0.09 0.00 0.00 1.05 0.11 3.99 5.83 9.82
15 2.02 0.20 0.49 0.05 0.11 0.00 0.00 1.11 0.12 4.09 6.16 10.25
20 2.00 0.20 0.52 0.05 0.13 0.00 0.00 1.17 0.13 4.20 6.54 10.74
25 1.99 0.20 0.56 0.06 0.14 0.00 0.00 1.25 0.14 4.33 6.96 11.29
30 1.98 0.21 0.59 0.06 0.16 0.00 0.00 1.34 0.14 4.48 7.43 11 .92
35 1.98 0.21 0.63 0.07 0.18 0.00 0.00 1.43 0.16 4.65 7.98 12.63
40 1.99 0.21 0.66 0.07 0.20 0.00 0.00 1.55 0.17 4.85 8.61 13.46
45 2.01 0.22 0.69 0.08 0.22 0.00 0.00 1.68 0.18 5.08 9.36 14.44
50 2 .05 0.22 0.73 0.08 0.24 0.00 0.00 1.84 0.20 5.35 10.24 15.59

Roughness = 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.13 0.21 0.40 0.04 0.05 0.21 0.37 0.97 0.10 4.48 5.39 9.87
5 2.10 0.21 0.43 0.05 0.07 0.21 0.37 1.02 0.11 4 .56 5.67 10.23
10 2.07 0.21 0.47 0.05 0.09 0.21 0.37 1.08 0.12 4.65 5.99 10.64
15 2 .05 0.21 0.50 0.05 0.11 0.21 0.37 1.14 0.12 4 .76 6.34 11 .10
20 2.03 0.22 0.54 0.06 0.13 0.21 0.37 1.21 0.13 4.88 6.73 11.61
25 2 .02 0.22 0.57 0.06 0.14 0.21 0.37 1.29 0.14 5.02 7.18 12.20
30 2.02 0.22 0.61 0.07 0.16 0.21 0.37 1.38 0.15 5.18 7.68 12.87
35 2.02 0.23 0.64 0.07 0.18 0.21 0.37 1.49 0.16 5.36 8.27 13.64
40 2.04 0.23 0.68 0.08 0.20 0.21 0.37 1.61 0.17 5.58 8.96 14.53
45 2 .07 0.23 0.71 0.08 0.22 0.21 0.37 1.75 0.19 5.82 9.76 15.59
50 2.11 0.24 0.74 0.08 0.24 0.21 0.37 1.93 0.21 6.12 10.73 16.85
69
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.15 0.22 0.42 0.05 0.05 0.41 0.74 0.99 0.11 5.13 5.52 10.66
5 2.12 0.22 0.45 0.05 0.07 0.41 0.74 1.05 0.11 5.22 5.82 11 .04
10 2.10 0.23 0.48 0.05 0.09 0.41 0.74 1.10 0.12 5.32 6.15 11.47
15 2.08 0.23 0.52 0.06 0.11 0.41 0.74 1.17 0.13 5.44 6.52 11.96
20 2.06 0.23 0.55 0.06 0.13 0.41 0.74 1.25 0.13 5.57 6.94 12.50
25 2.06 0.24 0.59 0.07 0.14 0.41 0.74 1.33 0.14 5.72 7.41 13.13
30 2.06 0.24 0.62 0.07 0.16 0.41 0.74 1.43 0.15 5.89 7.96 13.84
35 2.07 0.24 0.66 0.08 0.18 0.41 0.74 1.54 0.17 6.08 8.59 14.67
40 2.09 0.25 0.69 0.08 0.20 0.41 0.74 1.68 0.18 6.31 9.33 15.64
45 2.12 0.25 0.73 0.08 0.22 0.41 0.74 1.83 0.20 6.58 10.20 16.78
50 2.17 0.26 0.76 0.09 0.24 0.41 0.74 2.02 0.22 6.90 11 .26 18.17

Roughness = 5000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.18 0.24 0.43 0.05 0.05 0.62 1 .11 1.02 0.11 5.80 5.66 11.46
5 2.15 0.24 0.47 0.05 0.07 0.62 1 .11 1.07 0.12 5.89 5.97 11.86
10 2.12 0.24 0.50 0.06 0.09 0.62 1.11 1.14 0.12 6.00 6.32 12.32
15 2.11 0.25 0.53 0.06 0.11 0.62 1.11 1.21 0.13 6.12 6.71 12.83
20 2.10 0.25 0.57 0.07 0.13 0.62 1.11 1.29 0.14 6.26 7.16 13.42
25 2.09 0.26 0.60 0.07 0.14 0.62 1.11 1.38 0.15 6.42 7.66 14.08
30 2.10 0.26 0.64 0.08 0.16 0.62 1.11 1.48 0.16 6.60 8.25 14.85
35 2.11 0.26 0.67 0.08 0.18 0.62 1.11 1.60 0.17 6.81 8.92 15.74
40 2.14 0.27 0.71 0.08 0.20 0.62 1.11 1.75 0.19 7.06 9.73 16.79
45 2.18 0.27 0.74 0.09 0.22 0.62 1.11 1.92 0.21 7.35 10.69 18.04
50 2.24 0.28 0.78 0.09 0.24 0.62 1.11 2.13 0.23 7.70 11.86 19.56
70
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 6000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.20 0.26 0.45 0.05 0.05 0.82 1.48 1.04 0.11 6.46 5.81 12.27
5 2.17 0.26 0.48 0.06 0.07 0.82 1.48 1.10 0.12 6.56 6.13 12.70
10 2.15 0.26 0.52 0.06 0.09 0.82 1.48 1.17 0.13 6.68 6.50 13.18
15 2.14 0.27 0.55 0.07 0.11 0.82 1.48 1.24 0.13 6.81 6.92 13.73
20 2.13 0.27 0.58 0.07 0.13 0.82 1.48 1.33 0.14 6.96 7.39 14.35
25 2.13 0.28 0.62 0.08 0.14 0.82 1.48 1.42 0.15 7.13 7.93 15.06
30 2.14 0.28 0.65 0.08 0.16 0.82 1.48 1.54 0.17 7.33 8.56 15.88
35 2.16 0.29 0.69 0.08 0.18 0.82 1.48 1.67 0.18 7.55 9.29 16.85
40 2.20 0.29 0.72 0.09 0.20 0.82 1.48 1.83 0.20 7.82 10.16 17.99
45 2.24 0.30 0.76 0.09 0.22 0.82 1.48 2.02 0.22 8.14 11.22 19.36
50 2.31 0.31 0.79 0.10 0.24 0.82 1.48 2.25 0.24 8.53 12.51 21.04

Economic Cost of Operation of Small Cars on Four Lane Divided Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.28 0.19 0.38 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.82 0.09 3.85 6.91 10.76
5 2.26 0.19 0.42 0.04 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.83 0.09 3.91 7.06 10.97
10 2.24 0.20 0.45 0.04 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.85 0.09 3.97 7.21 11.18
15 2.22 0.20 0.49 0.05 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.87 0.09 4.03 7.37 11.40
20 2.20 0.20 0.52 0.05 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.89 0.10 4.09 7.54 11.64
25 2.18 0.20 0.56 0.06 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.91 0.10 4.16 7.72 11.88
30 2.17 0.21 0.59 0.06 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.93 0.10 4.23 7.90 12.13
35 2.15 0.21 0.63 0.07 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.96 0.10 4.30 8.10 12.39
40 2.14 0.21 0.66 0.07 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.98 0.11 4.37 8.30 12.67
45 2.13 0.22 0.69 0.08 0.22 0.00 0.00 1.01 0.11 4.44 8.52 12.96
50 2.11 0.22 0.73 0.08 0.24 0.00 0.00 1.03 0.11 4.52 8.74 13.26
71
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.28 0.21 0.40 0.04 0.05 0.21 0.37 0.85 0.09 4.49 7.16 11 .65
5 2.26 0.21 0.43 0.05 0.07 0.21 0.37 0.87 0.09 4.55 7.32 11.87
10 2.24 0.21 0.47 0.05 0.09 0.21 0.37 0.88 0.10 4.61 7.49 12.10
15 2.22 0.21 0.50 0.05 0.11 0.21 0.37 0.91 0.10 4.67 7.66 12.33
20 2.20 0.22 0.54 0.06 0.13 0.21 0.37 0.93 0.10 4.74 7.84 12.58
25 2.19 0.22 0.57 0.06 0.14 0.21 0.37 0.95 0.10 4.81 8.03 12.85
30 2.17 0.22 0.61 0.07 0.16 0.21 0.37 0.97 0.11 4.88 8.23 13.12
35 2.16 0.23 0.64 0.07 0.18 0.21 0.37 1.00 0.11 4.96 8.45 13.40
40 2.15 0.23 0.68 0.08 0.20 0.21 0.37 1.02 0.11 5.04 8.67 13.70
45 2.14 0.23 0.71 0.08 0.22 0.21 0.37 1.05 0.11 5.12 8.90 14.02
50 2.13 0.24 0.74 0.08 0.24 0.21 0.37 1.08 0.12 5.20 9.15 14.35

Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.27 0.22 0.42 0.05 0.05 0.41 0.74 0.88 0.10 5.13 7.43 12.56
5 2.25 0.22 0.45 0.05 0.07 0.41 0.74 0.90 0.10 5.19 7.60 12.79
10 2.24 0.23 0.48 0.05 0.09 0.41 0.74 0.92 0.10 5.26 7.78 13.04
15 2.22 0.23 0.52 0.06 0.11 0.41 0.74 0.94 0.10 5.33 7.97 13.30
20 2.21 0.23 0.55 0.06 0.13 0.41 0.74 0.97 0.10 5.40 8.17 13.57
25 2.19 0.24 0.59 0.07 0.14 0.41 0.74 0.99 0.11 5.47 8.38 13.85
30 2.18 0.24 0.62 0.07 0.16 0.41 0.74 1.02 0.11 5.55 8.59 14.14
35 2.17 0.24 0.66 0.08 0.18 0.41 0.74 1.04 0.11 5.63 8.82 14.45
40 2.16 0.25 0.69 0.08 0.20 0.41 0.74 1.07 0.12 5.71 9.07 14.78
45 2.15 0.25 0.73 0.08 0.22 0.41 0.74 1.10 0.12 5.80 9.32 15.12
50 2.14 0.26 0.76 0.09 0.24 0.41 0.74 1.13 0.12 5.89 9.59 15.48
72
IRC:SP:30-2019
Economic Cost of Operation of Small Cars on Six Lane Divided Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.29 0.18 0.37 0.03 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.81 0.09 3.83 6.87 10.70
5 2.27 0.19 0.41 0.04 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.83 0.09 3.89 7.01 10.90
10 2.25 0.19 0.44 0.04 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.85 0.09 3.95 7.16 11 .11
15 2.23 0.19 0.48 0.05 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.86 0.09 4.01 7.32 11.33
20 2.21 0.19 0.51 0.05 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.88 0.10 4.07 7.48 11.55
25 2.19 0.20 0.55 0.05 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.10 4.14 7.65 11.78
30 2.18 0.20 0.58 0.06 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.93 0.10 4.20 7.83 12.03
35 2.16 0.20 0.62 0.06 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.95 0.10 4.27 8.01 12.28
40 2.15 0.20 0.65 0.07 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.97 0.11 4.34 8.21 12.55
45 2.14 0.21 0.68 0.07 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.99 0.11 4.42 8.41 12.83
50 2.12 0.21 0.72 0.08 0.24 0.00 0.00 1.02 0.11 4.49 8.63 13.12

Roughness = 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.28 0.19 0.38 0.04 0.05 0.21 0.37 0.84 0.09 4.46 7.11 11.57
5 2.26 0.19 0.42 0.04 0.07 0.21 0.37 0.86 0.09 4.52 7.26 11.78
10 2.25 0.20 0.45 0.04 0.09 0.21 0.37 0.88 0.09 4.58 7.42 12.00
15 2.23 0.20 0.49 0.05 0.11 0.21 0.37 0.90 0.10 4.64 7.59 12.23
20 2.21 0.20 0.52 0.05 0.13 0.21 0.37 0.92 0.10 4.71 7.77 12.47
25 2.20 0.20 0.56 0.06 0.14 0.21 0.37 0.94 0.10 4.78 7.95 12.73
30 2.18 0.21 0.59 0.06 0.16 0.21 0.37 0.96 0.10 4.85 8.14 12.99
35 2.17 0.21 0.63 0.07 0.18 0.21 0.37 0.99 0.11 4.92 8.34 13.26
40 2.16 0.21 0.66 0.07 0.20 0.21 0.37 1.01 0.11 4.99 8.56 13.55
45 2.15 0.22 0.69 0.08 0.22 0.21 0.37 1.04 0.11 5.07 8.78 13.85
50 2.14 0.22 0.73 0.08 0.24 0.21 0.37 1.07 0.12 5.15 9.01 14.17
73
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.28 0.20 0.39 0.04 0.05 0.41 0.74 0.87 0.09 5.08 7.37 12.45
5 2.26 0.20 0.43 0.04 0.07 0.41 0.74 0.89 0.10 5.15 7.54 12.68
10 2.25 0.21 0.46 0.05 0.09 0.41 0.74 0.91 0.10 5.21 7.71 12.92
15 2.23 0.21 0.50 0.05 0.11 0.41 0.74 0.93 0.10 5.28 7.89 13.17
20 2.22 0.21 0.53 0.06 0.13 0.41 0.74 0.95 0.10 5.35 8.08 13.43
25 2.20 0.21 0.57 0.06 0.14 0.41 0.74 0.98 0.11 5.42 8.28 13.70
30 2.19 0.22 0.60 0.07 0.16 0.41 0.74 1.00 0.11 5.50 8.49 13.98
35 2.18 0.22 0.64 0.07 0.18 0.41 0.74 1.03 0.11 5.57 8.71 14.28
40 2.17 0.22 0.67 0.07 0.20 0.41 0.74 1.06 0.11 5.65 8.94 14.59
45 2.16 0.23 0.70 0.08 0.22 0.41 0.74 1.09 0.12 5.74 9.18 14.92
50 2.15 0.23 0.74 0.08 0.24 0.41 0.74 1.12 0.12 5.83 9.44 15.26

Economic Cost of Operation of Small Cars on Four Lane Divided Expressways (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.25 0.19 0.38 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.83 0.09 3.84 10.20 14.05
5 2.23 0.19 0.42 0.04 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.85 0.09 3.90 10.42 14.32
10 2.21 0.20 0.45 0.04 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.87 0.09 3.96 10.65 14.61
15 2.20 0.20 0.49 0.05 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.89 0.10 4.03 10.89 14.91
20 2.18 0.20 0.52 0.05 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.91 0.10 4.09 11.14 15.23
25 2.16 0.20 0.56 0.06 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.93 0.10 4.16 11.40 15.56
30 2.15 0.21 0.59 0.06 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.95 0.10 4.23 11.67 15.90
35 2.14 0.21 0.63 0.07 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.98 0.11 4.30 11.96 16.26
40 2.12 0.21 0.66 0.07 0.20 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.11 4.37 12.26 16.63
45 2.11 0.22 0.69 0.08 0.22 0.00 0.00 1.03 0.11 4.45 12.57 17.03
50 2.10 0.22 0.73 0.08 0.24 0.00 0.00 1.05 0.11 4.53 12.91 17.44
74
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.25 0.21 0.40 0.04 0.05 0.21 0.37 0.86 0.09 4.48 10.58 15.05
5 2.23 0.21 0.43 0.05 0.07 0.21 0.37 0.88 0.10 4.54 10.81 15.35
10 2.21 0.21 0.47 0.05 0.09 0.21 0.37 0.90 0.10 4.61 11.05 15.66
15 2.20 0.21 0.50 0.05 0.11 0.21 0.37 0.92 0.10 4.67 11.31 15.99
20 2.18 0.22 0.54 0.06 0.13 0.21 0.37 0.95 0.10 4.74 11.58 16.32
25 2.17 0.22 0.57 0.06 0.14 0.21 0.37 0.97 0.10 4.81 11 .86 16.68
30 2.16 0.22 0.61 0.07 0.16 0.21 0.37 0.99 0.11 4.89 12.16 17.05
35 2.14 0.23 0.64 0.07 0.18 0.21 0.37 1.02 0.11 4.97 12.47 17.43
40 2.13 0.23 0.68 0.08 0.20 0.21 0.37 1.05 0.11 5.04 12.80 17.84
45 2.12 0.23 0.71 0.08 0.22 0.21 0.37 1.07 0.12 5.13 13.14 18.27
50 2.12 0.24 0.74 0.08 0.24 0.21 0.37 1.10 0.12 5.21 13.51 18.72

Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.25 0.22 0.42 0.05 0.05 0.41 0.74 0.90 0.10 5.12 10.97 16.10
5 2.23 0.22 0.45 0.05 0.07 0.41 0.74 0.92 0.10 5.19 11.23 16.42
10 2.22 0.23 0.48 0.05 0.09 0.41 0.74 0.94 0.10 5.26 11.49 16.75
15 2.20 0.23 0.52 0.06 0.11 0.41 0.74 0.96 0.10 5.33 11.77 17.10
20 2.19 0.23 0.55 0.06 0.13 0.41 0.74 0.98 0.11 5.40 12.06 17.46
25 2.18 0.24 0.59 0.07 0.14 0.41 0.74 1.01 0.11 5.48 12.37 17.85
30 2.17 0.24 0.62 0.07 0.16 0.41 0.74 1.04 0.11 5.56 12.69 18.25
35 2.16 0.24 0.66 0.08 0.18 0.41 0.74 1.06 0.12 5.64 13.03 18.67
40 2.15 0.25 0.69 0.08 0.20 0.41 0.74 1.09 0.12 5.73 13.39 19.11
45 2.14 0.25 0.73 0.08 0.22 0.41 0.74 1.12 0.12 5.81 13.76 19.58
50 2.14 0.26 0.76 0.09 0.24 0.41 0.74 1.16 0.13 5.91 14.16 20.07
75
IRC:SP:30-2019
Economic Cost of Operation of Small Cars on Six Lane Divided Expressways (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.29 0.18 0.37 0.03 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.81 0.09 3.83 9.94 13.77
5 2.27 0.19 0.41 0.04 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.83 0.09 3.89 10.15 14.04
10 2.25 0.19 0.44 0.04 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.85 0.09 3.95 10.36 14.31
15 2.23 0.19 0.48 0.05 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.86 0.09 4.01 10.59 14.60
20 2.21 0.19 0.51 0.05 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.88 0.1 0 4.07 10.82 14.90
25 2.19 0.20 0.55 0.05 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.10 4 .14 11.07 15.21
30 2.18 0.20 0.58 0.06 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.92 0.1 0 4 .20 11.33 15.53
35 2.16 0.20 0.62 0.06 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.95 0.1 0 4.27 11 .60 15.87
40 2.15 0.20 0.65 0.07 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.97 0.11 4.34 11.88 16.22
45 2.14 0.21 0.68 0.07 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.99 0.11 4.42 12.1 8 16.59
50 2.12 0.21 0.72 0.08 0.24 0.00 0.00 1.02 0.11 4.49 12.49 16.98

Roughness = 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2 .28 0.19 0.38 0.04 0.05 0.21 0.37 0.84 0.09 4.46 10.29 14.75
5 2.26 0.19 0.42 0.04 0.07 0.21 0.37 0.86 0.09 4.52 10.51 15.03
10 2.25 0.20 0.45 0.04 0.09 0.21 0.37 0.88 0.09 4.58 10.75 15.32
15 2.23 0.20 0.49 0.05 0.11 0.21 0.37 0.90 0.1 0 4 .64 10.99 15.63
20 2.21 0.20 0.52 0.05 0.13 0.21 0.37 0.92 0.10 4.71 11.24 15.95
25 2.20 0.20 0.56 0.06 0.14 0.21 0.37 0.94 0.10 4.78 11.51 16.28
30 2.1 8 0.21 0.59 0.06 0.16 0.21 0.37 0.96 0.10 4.85 11 .78 16.63
35 2.17 0.21 0.63 0.07 0.18 0.21 0.37 0.99 0.11 4.92 12.08 17.00
40 2.16 0.21 0.66 0.07 0.20 0.21 0.37 1.01 0.11 4.99 12.38 17.38
45 2.15 0.22 0.69 0.08 0.22 0.21 0.37 1.04 0.11 5.07 12.71 17.78
50 2.14 0.22 0.73 0.08 0.24 0.21 0.37 1.07 0.12 5.15 13.05 18.20
76
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.28 0.20 0.39 0.04 0.05 0.41 0.74 0.87 0.09 5.08 10.67 15.75
5 2.26 0.20 0.43 0.04 0.07 0.41 0.74 0.89 0.10 5.15 10.91 16.05
10 2.25 0.21 0.46 0.05 0.09 0.41 0.74 0.91 0.10 5.21 11 .16 16.37
15 2.23 0.21 0.50 0.05 0.11 0.41 0.74 0.93 0.10 5.28 11.42 16.70
20 2.22 0.21 0.53 0.06 0.13 0.41 0.74 0.95 0.10 5.35 11.69 17.04
25 2.20 0.21 0.57 0.06 0.14 0.41 0.74 0.98 0.11 5.42 11.98 17.40
30 2.19 0.22 0.60 0.07 0.16 0.41 0.74 1.00 0.11 5.50 12.28 17.78
35 2.18 0.22 0.64 0.07 0.18 0.41 0.74 1.03 0.11 5.57 12.60 18.17
40 2.17 0.22 0.67 0.07 0.20 0.41 0.74 1.06 0.11 5.65 12.93 18.59
45 2.16 0.23 0.70 0.08 0.22 0.41 0.74 1.09 0.12 5.74 13.29 19.02
50 2.15 0.23 0.74 0.08 0.24 0.41 0.74 1.12 0.12 5.82 13.66 19.48

Economic Cost of Operation of Small Cars on Eight Lane Divided Urban Expressways (Rs/km)
Roughness= 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.33 0.18 0.37 0.03 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.79 0.09 3.84 9.69 13.53
5 2.31 0.18 0.40 0.04 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.81 0.09 3.89 9.89 13.78
10 2.28 0.19 0.44 0.04 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.82 0.09 3.95 10.09 14.04
15 2.26 0.19 0.47 0.04 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.84 0.09 4.01 10.30 14.31
20 2.24 0.19 0.51 0.05 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.86 0.09 4.07 10.53 14.59
25 2.23 0.19 0.54 0.05 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.88 0.10 4.13 10.76 14.89
30 2.21 0.19 0.58 0.06 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.10 4.19 11.00 15.19
35 2.19 0.20 0.61 0.06 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.92 0.10 4.26 11.26 15.51
40 2.18 0.20 0.64 0.07 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.94 0.10 4.33 11.52 15.85
45 2.16 0.20 0.68 0.07 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.96 0.10 4.40 11.80 16.20
50 2.15 0.20 0.71 0.08 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.99 0.11 4.47 12.09 16.56
77
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness= 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.32 0.19 0.38 0.03 0.05 0.21 0.37 0.82 0.09 4.45 10.02 14.47
5 2.30 0.19 0.41 0.04 0.07 0.21 0.37 0.84 0.09 4.51 10.23 14.74
10 2.28 0.19 0.45 0.04 0.09 0.21 0.37 0.85 0.09 4.57 10.45 15.02
15 2.26 0.19 0.48 0.05 0.11 0.21 0.37 0.87 0.09 4.63 10.68 15.31
20 2.24 0.20 0.51 0.05 0.13 0.21 0.37 0.89 0.10 4.69 10.92 15.61
25 2.23 0.20 0.55 0.06 0.14 0.21 0.37 0.91 0.10 4.76 11.17 15.93
30 2.21 0.20 0.58 0.06 0.16 0.21 0.37 0.93 0.10 4.83 11.43 16.26
35 2.20 0.20 0.62 0.06 0.18 0.21 0.37 0.96 0.10 4.90 11.71 16.60
40 2.18 0.21 0.65 0.07 0.20 0.21 0.37 0.98 0.11 4.97 12.00 16.96
45 2.17 0.21 0.69 0.07 0.22 0.21 0.37 1.00 0.11 5.04 12.30 17.34
50 2.16 0.21 0.72 0.08 0.24 0.21 0.37 1.03 0.11 5.12 12.62 17.74

Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.32 0.19 0.38 0.04 0.05 0.41 0.74 0.85 0.09 5.07 10.38 15.45
5 2.30 0.19 0.42 0.04 0.07 0.41 0.74 0.87 0.09 5.13 10.61 15.73
10 2.28 0.20 0.45 0.04 0.09 0.41 0.74 0.89 0.10 5.19 10.84 16.03
15 2.26 0.20 0.49 0.05 0.11 0.41 0.74 0.91 0.10 5.26 11.09 16.34
20 2.24 0.20 0.52 0.05 0.13 0.41 0.74 0.93 0.10 5.32 11 .35 16.67
25 2.23 0.20 0.56 0.06 0.14 0.41 0.74 0.95 0.10 5.39 11.62 17.01
30 2.22 0.21 0.59 0.06 0.16 0.41 0.74 0.97 0.11 5.46 11 .90 17.36
35 2.20 0.21 0.63 0.07 0.18 0.41 0.74 1.00 0.11 5.54 12.20 17.74
40 2.19 0.21 0.66 0.07 0.20 0.41 0.74 1.02 0.11 5.62 12.51 18.13
45 2.18 0.22 0.69 0.08 0.22 0.41 0.74 1.05 0.11 5.69 12.84 18.54
50 2.17 0.22 0.73 0.08 0.24 0.41 0.74 1.08 0.12 5.78 13.19 18.97
78
IRC:SP:30-2019
Financial Cost of Operation of Small Cars on Single Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness= 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 4.70 0.33 0.84 0.09 0.11 0.00 0.00 1.18 0.23 7.47 4 .82 12.28
5 4.67 0.33 0.91 0.10 0.15 0.00 0.00 1.24 0.24 7.64 5.08 12.72
10 4.65 0.34 0.98 0.11 0.19 0.00 0.00 1.32 0.25 7.83 5.38 13.21
15 4.65 0.34 1.05 0.12 0.23 0.00 0.00 1.40 0.27 8.05 5.71 13.76
20 4.66 0.35 1.12 0.12 0.27 0.00 0.00 1.49 0.29 8.30 6.09 14.39
25 4.69 0.35 1.19 0.13 0.31 0.00 0.00 1.60 0.31 8.58 6.53 15.10
30 4.74 0.36 1.26 0.14 0.35 0.00 0.00 1.72 0.33 8.90 7.02 15.92
35 4.82 0.36 1.33 0.15 0.38 0.00 0.00 1.86 0.36 9.26 7.61 16.87
40 4.92 0.37 1.40 0.16 0.42 0.00 0.00 2.03 0.39 9.69 8.29 17.98
45 5.05 0.37 1.47 0.17 0.46 0.00 0.00 2.23 0.43 10.19 9.11 19.30
50 5.23 0.38 1.55 0.18 0.50 0.00 0.00 2.47 0.47 10.78 10.12 20.90

Roughness = 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 4.76 0.38 0.90 0.11 0.11 0.37 0.66 1.23 0.24 8.74 5.03 13.78
5 4.74 0.38 0.97 0.11 0.15 0.37 0.66 1.30 0.25 8.94 5.33 14.26
10 4.73 0.39 1.04 0.12 0.19 0.37 0.66 1.38 0.26 9.15 5.65 14.81
15 4.74 0.39 1.11 0.13 0.23 0.37 0.66 1.47 0.28 9.39 6.03 15.42
20 4.77 0.40 1.18 0.14 0.27 0.37 0.66 1.58 0.30 9.67 6.45 16.12
25 4.82 0.41 1.25 0.15 0.31 0.37 0.66 1.70 0.32 9.98 6.93 16.92
30 4.89 0.41 1.32 0.16 0.35 0.37 0.66 1.83 0.35 10.34 7.50 17.84
35 4.98 0.42 1.39 0.17 0.38 0.37 0.66 2.00 0.38 10.76 8.17 18.92
40 5.11 0.43 1.46 0.18 0.42 0.37 0.66 2.1 9 0.42 11.25 8.96 20.21
45 5.28 0.44 1.53 0.18 0.46 0.37 0.66 2.43 0.46 11.83 9.93 21.76
50 5.51 0.45 1.60 0.19 0.50 0.37 0.66 2.72 0.52 12.53 11.14 23.67
79
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 4.82 0.44 0.96 0.12 0.11 0.73 1.32 1.29 0.25 10.05 5.27 15.33
5 4.82 0.45 1.03 0.13 0.15 0.73 1.32 1.37 0.26 10.27 5.60 15.86
10 4.83 0.46 1.10 0.14 0.19 0.73 1.32 1.46 0.28 10.51 5.96 16.47
15 4.85 0.47 1.17 0.15 0.23 0.73 1.32 1.56 0.30 10.78 6.37 17.15
20 4.89 0.48 1.24 0.16 0.27 0.73 1.32 1.67 0.32 11.09 6.85 17.93
25 4.96 0.49 1.31 0.17 0.31 0.73 1.32 1.81 0.35 11.44 7.40 18.84
30 5.05 0.50 1.38 0.18 0.35 0.73 1.32 1.97 0.38 11.85 8.05 19.90
35 5.17 0.51 1.45 0.18 0.38 0.73 1.32 2.16 0.41 12.33 8.82 21.15
40 5.34 0.52 1.52 0.19 0.42 0.73 1.32 2.39 0.46 12.89 9.75 22.65
45 5.55 0.53 1.59 0.20 0.46 0.73 1.32 2.67 0.51 13.58 10.91 24.49
50 5.85 0.54 1.66 0.21 0.50 0.73 1.32 3.03 0.58 14.43 12.38 26.81

Roughness = 5000
Cost Cost Cost
0 4.90 0.54 1.02 0.14 0.11 1.10 1.98 1.35 0.26 11.41 5.54 16.95
5 4.91 0.55 1.09 0.15 0.15 1.10 1.98 1.44 0.28 11.65 5.89 17.54
10 4.93 0.56 1.16 0.16 0.19 1.10 1.98 1.54 0.29 11.92 6.30 18.22
15 4.97 0.58 1.23 0.17 0.23 1.10 1.98 1.65 0.32 12.22 6.76 18.99
20 5.03 0.59 1.30 0.17 0.27 1.10 1.98 1.78 0.34 12.57 7.30 19.87
25 5.12 0.61 1.37 0.18 0.31 1.10 1.98 1.94 0.37 12.98 7.93 20.90
30 5.23 0.62 1.44 0.19 0.35 1.10 1.98 2.12 0.41 13.45 8.68 22.12
35 5.39 0.64 1.51 0.20 0.38 1.10 1.98 2.34 0.45 14.00 9.58 23.58
40 5.60 0.65 1.58 0.21 0.42 1.10 1.98 2.62 0.50 14.67 10.70 25.37
45 5.87 0.67 1.65 0.22 0.46 1.10 1.98 2.96 0.57 15.49 12.11 27.60
50 6.25 0.69 1.72 0.23 0.50 1.10 1.98 3.41 0.65 16.54 13.94 30.49
80
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness= 6000
Cost Cost Cost
0 4.99 0.69 1.08 0.16 0.11 1.47 2.64 1.43 0.27 12.83 5.83 18.66
5 5.01 0.71 1.15 0.17 0.15 1.47 2.64 1.52 0.29 13.10 6.23 19.33
10 5.04 0.73 1.22 0.17 0.19 1.47 2.64 1.63 0.31 13.41 6.68 20 .09
15 5.10 0.75 1.29 0.18 0.23 1.47 2.64 1.76 0.34 13.76 7.20 20.96
20 5.18 0.77 1.36 0.19 0.27 1.47 2.64 1.91 0.37 14.17 7.81 21 .98
25 5.29 0.80 1.43 0.20 0.31 1.47 2.64 2.09 0.40 14.63 8.54 23.17
30 5.44 0.83 1.50 0.21 0.35 1.47 2.64 2.30 0.44 15.18 9.42 24.60
35 5.64 0.86 1.57 0.22 0.38 1.47 2.64 2.56 0.49 15.84 10.49 26.33
40 5.91 0.89 1.64 0.23 0.42 1.47 2.64 2.90 0.55 16.65 11.84 28.49
45 6.26 0.92 1.71 0.24 0.46 1.47 2.64 3.32 0.64 17.67 13.59 31.26
50 6.75 0.96 1.78 0.24 0.50 1.47 2.64 3.90 0.75 19.00 15.95 34.96

Roughness = 7000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.09 0.94 1.14 0.17 0.11 1.84 3.31 1.50 0.29 14.39 6.15 20.54
5 5.12 0.98 1.21 0.18 0.15 1.84 3.31 1.61 0.31 14.71 6.60 21 .30
10 5.17 1.02 1.28 0.19 0.19 1.84 3.31 1.74 0.33 15.07 7.11 22 .18
15 5.25 1.07 1.35 0.20 0.23 1.84 3.31 1.88 0.36 15.48 7.70 23.19
20 5.36 1.12 1.42 0.21 0.27 1.84 3.31 2.06 0.39 15.96 8.41 24.37
25 5.50 1.17 1.49 0.22 0.31 1.84 3.31 2.26 0.43 16.53 9.25 25.78
30 5.69 1.23 1.56 0.23 0.35 1.84 3.31 2.52 0.48 17.20 10.29 27.49
35 5.94 1.30 1.63 0.23 0.38 1.84 3.31 2.83 0.54 18.01 11.59 29 .60
40 6.28 1.37 1.70 0.24 0.42 1.84 3.31 3.24 0.62 19.03 13.26 32.29
45 6.74 1.46 1.77 0.25 0.46 1.84 3.31 3.79 0.73 20.34 15.50 35.84
50 7.41 1.55 1.84 0.26 0.50 1.84 3.31 4.56 0.87 22.14 18.64 40.78
81
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 8000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.20 1.51 1.20 0.19 0.11 2.20 3.97 1.59 0.31 16.28 6.52 22.80
5 5.25 1.62 1.27 0.20 0.15 2.20 3.97 1.72 0.33 16.70 7.01 23.71
10 5.32 1.73 1.34 0.21 0.19 2.20 3.97 1.86 0.36 17.17 7.59 24.77
15 5.42 1.87 1.41 0.22 0.23 2.20 3.97 2.02 0.39 17.72 8.28 26.00
20 5.56 2.02 1.48 0.23 0.27 2.20 3.97 2.22 0.43 18.37 9.10 27.47
25 5.74 2.21 1.55 0.23 0.31 2.20 3.97 2.47 0.47 19.15 10.10 29.25
30 5.98 2.43 1.62 0.24 0.35 2.20 3.97 2.77 0.53 20.09 11.35 31.44
35 6.30 2.70 1.69 0.25 0.38 2.20 3.97 3.17 0.61 21.27 12.94 34.21
40 6.74 3.05 1.76 0.26 0.42 2.20 3.97 3.68 0.71 22.79 15.07 37.85
45 7.36 3.49 1.83 0.27 0.46 2.20 3.97 4.41 0.84 24.83 18.02 42.85
50 8.30 4.08 1.90 0.28 0.50 2.20 3.97 5.48 1.05 27.76 22.42 50.18

Financial Cost of Operation of Small Cars on Intermediate Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 4.83 0.30 0.80 0.08 0.11 0.00 0.00 1.06 0.20 7.39 4.35 11.73
5 4.77 0.31 0.87 0.09 0.15 0.00 0.00 1.12 0.21 7.52 4.58 12.10
10 4.73 0.31 0.94 0.10 0.19 0.00 0.00 1.18 0.23 7.67 4.83 12.50
15 4.70 0.31 1.01 0.10 0.23 0.00 0.00 1.25 0.24 7.85 5.11 12.96
20 4.68 0.32 1.09 0.11 0.27 0.00 0.00 1.33 0.25 8.05 5.43 13.48
25 4.68 0.32 1.16 0.12 0.31 0.00 0.00 1.42 0.27 8.28 5.79 14.07
30 4.70 0.33 1.23 0.13 0.35 0.00 0.00 1.52 0.29 8.54 6.20 14.74
35 4.74 0.33 1.30 0.14 0.38 0.00 0.00 1.63 0.31 8.83 6.68 15.51
40 4.80 0.34 1.37 0.15 0.42 0.00 0.00 1.77 0.34 9.18 7.23 16.41
45 4.88 0.34 1.44 0.16 0.46 0.00 0.00 1.93 0.37 9.58 7.89 17.47
50 5.01 0.35 1.51 0.17 0.50 0.00 0.00 2.12 0.41 10.05 8.67 18.73
82
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 4.88 0.33 0.84 0.09 0.11 0.37 0.66 1.10 0.21 8.59 4.48 13.07
5 4.83 0.33 0.91 0.10 0.15 0.37 0.66 1.16 0.22 8.73 4.73 13.46
10 4.80 0.34 0.98 0.11 0.19 0.37 0.66 1.22 0.23 8.90 5.00 13.90
15 4.78 0.34 1.06 0.12 0.23 0.37 0.66 1.30 0.25 9.09 5.30 14.39
20 4.77 0.35 1.13 0.12 0.27 0.37 0.66 1.38 0.26 9.31 5.65 14.95
25 4.78 0.35 1.20 0.13 0.31 0.37 0.66 1.48 0.28 9.56 6.04 15.59
30 4.81 0.36 1.27 0.14 0.35 0.37 0.66 1.59 0.30 9.84 6.49 16.32
35 4.86 0.36 1.34 0.15 0.38 0.37 0.66 1.71 0.33 10.16 7.01 17.17
40 4.93 0.37 1.41 0.16 0.42 0.37 0.66 1.86 0.36 10.54 7.62 18.16
45 5.04 0.37 1.48 0.17 0.46 0.37 0.66 2.04 0.39 10.99 8.35 19.34
50 5.19 0.38 1.55 0.18 0.50 0.37 0.66 2.26 0.43 11.52 9.23 20.75

Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 4.94 0.36 0.88 0.10 0.11 0.73 1.32 1.13 0.22 9.80 4.63 14.43
5 4.90 0.37 0.95 0.11 0.15 0.73 1.32 1.20 0.23 9.96 4.89 14.85
10 4.87 0.37 1.03 0.12 0.19 0.73 1.32 1.27 0.24 10.14 5.18 15.32
15 4.86 0.38 1.10 0.13 0.23 0.73 1.32 1.35 0.26 10.35 5.51 15.86
20 4.86 0.38 1.17 0.14 0.27 0.73 1.32 1.44 0.28 10.59 5.88 16.46
25 4.88 0.39 1.24 0.15 0.31 0.73 1.32 1.54 0.30 10.86 6.30 17.16
30 4.92 0.40 1.31 0.15 0.35 0.73 1.32 1.66 0.32 11 .16 6.79 17.96
35 4.99 0.40 1.38 0.16 0.38 0.73 1.32 1.80 0.34 11.52 7.37 18.89
40 5.08 0.41 1.45 0.17 0.42 0.73 1.32 1.97 0.38 11.94 8.05 19.99
45 5.22 0.42 1.52 0.18 0.46 0.73 1.32 2.17 0.42 12.44 8.87 21.30
50 5.39 0.42 1.59 0.19 0.50 0.73 1.32 2.41 0.46 13.03 9.87 22.90
83
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 5000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.00 0.40 0.92 0.11 0.11 1.10 1.98 1.17 0.22 11 .03 4.78 15.81
5 4.97 0.41 1.00 0.12 0.15 1.10 1.98 1.24 0.24 11.20 5.06 16.27
10 4 .95 0.41 1.07 0.13 0.1 9 1.10 1.98 1.31 0.25 11.40 5.37 16.78
15 4.95 0.42 1.14 0.14 0.23 1.10 1.98 1.40 0.27 11.63 5.73 17.36
20 4.96 0.43 1.21 0.15 0.27 1.10 1.98 1.50 0.29 11.88 6.13 18.01
25 4.99 0.44 1.28 0.16 0.31 1.10 1.98 1.61 0.31 12.18 6.59 18.77
30 5.05 0.45 1.35 0.17 0.35 1.10 1.98 1.74 0.33 12.52 7.13 19.65
35 5.13 0.45 1.42 0.17 0.38 1.10 1.98 1.90 0.36 12.91 7.77 20.68
40 5.25 0.46 1.49 0.18 0.42 1.10 1.98 2.09 0.40 13.38 8.53 21.91
45 5.41 0.47 1.56 0.19 0.46 1.10 1.98 2.31 0.44 13.93 9.46 23.39
50 5.62 0.48 1.63 0.20 0.50 1.10 1.98 2.59 0.50 14.61 10.61 25.22

Roughness = 6000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.07 0.45 0.97 0.12 0.11 1.47 2.64 1.21 0.23 12.28 4.95 17.23
5 5.04 0.46 1.04 0.1 3 0.1 5 1.47 2.64 1.28 0.25 12.47 5.25 17.71
10 5.04 0.47 1.1 1 0.14 0.1 9 1.47 2.64 1.37 0.26 12.68 5.59 18.27
15 5.04 0.48 1.18 0.15 0.23 1.47 2.64 1.46 0.28 12.93 5.97 18.89
20 5.07 0.49 1.25 0.16 0.27 1.47 2.64 1.57 0.30 13.21 6.41 19.61
25 5.11 0.50 1.32 0.17 0.31 1.47 2.64 1.69 0.32 13.53 6.91 20.45
30 5.19 0.51 1.39 0.1 8 0.35 1.47 2.64 1.84 0.35 13.90 7.51 21.42
35 5.29 0.52 1.46 0.19 0.38 1.47 2.64 2.01 0.38 14.34 8.22 22.56
40 5.43 0.53 1.53 0.19 0.42 1.47 2.64 2.22 0.42 14.86 9.07 23.94
45 5.62 0.54 1.60 0.20 0.46 1.47 2.64 2.48 0.47 15.49 10.13 25.62
50 5.87 0.55 1.67 0.21 0.50 1.47 2.64 2.80 0.54 16.26 11.46 27.72
84
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 7000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.14 0.51 1.01 0.14 0.11 1.84 3.31 1.25 0.24 13.54 5.13 18.67
5 5.13 0.52 1.08 0.14 0.15 1.84 3.31 1.33 0.26 13.75 5.45 19.20
10 5.13 0.54 1.15 0.15 0.19 1.84 3.31 1.42 0.27 13.99 5.81 19.80
15 5.14 0.55 1.22 0.16 0.23 1.84 3.31 1.52 0.29 14.26 6.23 20.48
20 5.18 0.56 1.29 0.17 0.27 1.84 3.31 1.64 0.31 14.56 6.71 21 .27
25 5.24 0.57 1.36 0.18 0.31 1.84 3.31 1.78 0.34 14.92 7.27 22.19
30 5.33 0.59 1.43 0.19 0.35 1.84 3.31 1.94 0.37 15.33 7.93 23.26
35 5.46 0.60 1.50 0.20 0.38 1.84 3.31 2 .13 0.41 15.82 8.72 24.55
40 5.62 0.62 1.57 0.21 0.42 1.84 3.31 2.37 0.45 16.41 9.69 26.10
45 5.85 0.63 1.64 0.21 0.46 1.84 3.31 2 .67 0.51 17.12 10.90 28.03
50 6.16 0.65 1.71 0.22 0.50 1.84 3.31 3.05 0.58 18.02 12.46 30.49

Roughness = 8000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.22 0.60 1.05 0.15 0.11 2.20 3.97 1.30 0.25 14.84 5.32 20.16
5 5.21 0.61 1.12 0.16 0.15 2.20 3.97 1.39 0.27 15.07 5.67 20.73
10 5.22 0.63 1.19 0.16 0.19 2.20 3.97 1.48 0.28 15.33 6.06 21.39
15 5.25 0.64 1.26 0.17 0.23 2.20 3.97 1.59 0.30 15.62 6.51 22.14
20 5.30 0.66 1.33 0.18 0.27 2.20 3.97 1.72 0.33 15.97 7.04 23.00
25 5.38 0.68 1.40 0.19 0.31 2.20 3.97 1.87 0.36 16.36 7.66 24.02
30 5.49 0.70 1.47 0.20 0.35 2.20 3.97 2.05 0.39 16.82 8.40 25.22
35 5.64 0.72 1.54 0.21 0.38 2.20 3.97 2.27 0.43 17.37 9.29 26.66
40 5.84 0.74 1.61 0.22 0.42 2.20 3.97 2.54 0.49 18.04 10.40 28.44
45 6.12 0.77 1.68 0.23 0.46 2.20 3.97 2.89 0.55 18.86 11 .81 30.67
50 6.49 0.79 1.75 0.23 0.50 2.20 3.97 3.34 0.64 19.92 13.66 33.58
85
IRC:SP:30-2019
Financial Cost of Operation of Small Cars on Two Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.02 0.29 0.79 0.07 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.96 0.18 7.42 5.26 12.69
5 4.94 0.30 0.86 0.08 0.15 0.00 0.00 1.01 0.19 7.52 5.53 13.05
10 4.87 0.30 0.93 0.09 0.19 0.00 0.00 1.06 0.20 7.63 5.83 13.47
15 4.81 0.30 1.00 0.10 0.23 0.00 0.00 1.12 0.21 7.77 6.16 13.93
20 4.76 0.31 1.07 0.11 0.27 0.00 0.00 1.19 0.23 7.93 6.54 14.46
25 4.73 0.31 1.14 0.12 0.31 0.00 0.00 1.27 0.24 8.11 6.96 15.06
30 4 .71 0.31 1.21 0.13 0.35 0.00 0.00 1.35 0.26 8.32 7.43 15.75
35 4.72 0.32 1.28 0.13 0.38 0.00 0.00 1.45 0.28 8.56 7.98 16.54
40 4.74 0.32 1.35 0.14 0.42 0.00 0.00 1.57 0.30 8.85 8.61 17.46
45 4.79 0.33 1.42 0.15 0.46 0.00 0.00 1.70 0.33 9.18 9.36 18.54
50 4.87 0.33 1.49 0.16 0.50 0.00 0.00 1.86 0.36 9.58 10.24 19.82
Table voe Small Cars so

Roughness = 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.07 0.31 0.82 0.08 0.11 0.37 0.66 0.98 0.19 8.59 5.39 13.98
5 4.99 0.32 0.89 0.09 0.15 0.37 0.66 1.03 0.20 8.69 5.67 14.37
10 4.93 0.32 0.96 0.10 0.19 0.37 0.66 1.09 0.21 8.82 5.99 14.80
15 4.87 0.32 1.03 0.11 0.23 0.37 0.66 1.15 0.22 8.96 6.34 15.30
20 4.83 0.33 1.10 0.12 0.27 0.37 0.66 1.22 0.23 9.13 6.73 15.86
25 4.81 0.33 1.17 0.13 0.31 0.37 0.66 1.31 0.25 9.33 7.18 16.50
30 4.80 0.34 1.24 0.13 0.35 0.37 0.66 1.40 0.27 9.56 7.68 17.24
35 4.82 0.34 1.31 0.14 0.38 0.37 0.66 1.50 0.29 9.82 8.27 18.09
40 4.85 0.35 1.38 0.15 0.42 0.37 0.66 1.63 0.31 10.13 8.96 19.08
45 4 .92 0.35 1.45 0.16 0.46 0.37 0.66 1.78 0.34 10.49 9.76 20.25
50 5.01 0.36 1.52 0.17 0.50 0.37 0.66 1.95 0.37 10.92 10.73 21.65
86
IRC:SP:30-2019
Financial Cost of Operation of Small Cars on Two Lane Roads {Rs/km)
Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.12 0.33 0.85 0.09 0.11 0.73 1.32 1.00 0.19 9.76 5.52 15.28
5 5.05 0.34 0.92 0.10 0.15 0.73 1.32 1.06 0.20 9.88 5.82 15.69
10 4.99 0.34 0.99 0.11 0.19 0.73 1.32 1.12 0.21 10.01 6.15 16.16
15 4.94 0.35 1.06 0.12 0.23 0.73 1.32 1.19 0.23 10.17 6.52 16.69
20 4.91 0.35 1.13 0.13 0.27 0.73 1.32 1.26 0.24 10.35 6.94 17.29
25 4.89 0.36 1.20 0.1 4 0.31 0.73 1.32 1.35 0.26 10.56 7.41 17.97
30 4.90 0.36 1.27 0.14 0.35 0.73 1.32 1.45 0.28 10.80 7.96 18.76
35 4.92 0.37 1.34 0.15 0.38 0.73 1.32 1.56 0.30 11.09 8.59 19.67
40 4.97 0.37 1.41 0.16 0.42 0.73 1.32 1.70 0.32 11.42 9.33 20.75
45 5.05 0.38 1.48 0.17 0.46 0.73 1.32 1.86 0.36 11.81 10.20 22.02
50 5.16 0.39 1.55 0.18 0.50 0.73 1.32 2.05 0.39 12.28 11.26 23 .55

Financial Cost of Operation of Small Cars on Two Lane Roads {Rs/km)
Roughness = 5000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.18 0.36 0.88 0.10 0.11 1.10 1.98 1.03 0.20 10.94 5.66 16.60
5 5.11 0.36 0.95 0.11 0.15 1.10 1.98 1.09 0.21 11.07 5.97 17.04
10 5.06 0.37 1.02 0.12 0.19 1.10 1.98 1.15 0.22 11.21 6.32 17.53
15 5.02 0.38 1.09 0.13 0.23 1.10 1.98 1.22 0.23 11 .38 6.71 18.09
20 4.99 0.38 1.16 0.14 0.27 1.10 1.98 1.30 0.25 11.58 7.16 18.73
25 4.98 0.39 1.23 0.14 0.31 1.10 1.98 1.39 0.27 11.80 7.66 19.47
30 5.00 0.39 1.30 0.15 0.35 1.10 1.98 1.50 0.29 12.07 8.25 20.31
35 5.03 0.40 1.37 0.16 0.38 1.10 1.98 1.62 0.31 12.37 8.92 21.30
40 5.10 0.41 1.44 0.1 7 0.42 1.10 1.98 1.77 0.34 12.74 9.73 22.46
45 5.19 0.41 1.51 0.18 0.46 1.10 1.98 1.94 0.37 13.16 10.69 23.85
50 5.33 0.42 1.59 0.19 0.50 1.10 1.98 2.16 0.41 13.68 11.86 25.53
87
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 6000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.23 0.39 0.91 0.11 0.11 1.47 2.64 1.06 0.20 12.13 5.81 17.93
5 5.17 0.39 0.98 0.12 0.15 1.47 2.64 1.12 0.21 12.26 6.13 18.40
10 5.13 0.40 1.05 0.13 0.19 1.47 2.64 1.18 0.23 12.42 6.50 18.92
15 5.09 0.41 1.12 0.14 0.23 1.47 2.64 1.26 0.24 12.60 6.92 19.52
20 5.08 0.42 1.19 0.14 0.27 1.47 2.64 1.34 0.26 12.82 7.39 20.21
25 5.08 0.42 1.27 0.15 0.31 1.47 2.64 1.44 0.28 13.06 7.93 20.99
30 5.10 0.43 1.34 0.16 0.35 1.47 2.64 1.56 0.30 13.35 8.56 21.90
35 5.15 0.44 1.41 0.17 0.38 1.47 2.64 1.69 0.32 13.68 9.29 22 .97
40 5.23 0.45 1.48 0.18 0.42 1.47 2.64 1.85 0.35 14.07 10.16 24.23
45 5.34 0.45 1.55 0.19 0.46 1.47 2.64 2.04 0.39 14.54 11.22 25.75
50 5.50 0.46 1.62 0.20 0.50 1.47 2.64 2.28 0.44 15.11 12.51 27.62

Financial Cost of Operation of Small Cars on Four Lane Divided Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.43 0.29 0.79 0.07 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.83 0.16 7.68 6.91 14.59
5 5.38 0.30 0.86 0.08 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.84 0.16 7.77 7.06 14.83
10 5.33 0.30 0.93 0.09 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.86 0.17 7.86 7.21 15.08
15 5.28 0.30 1.00 0.10 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.88 0.17 7.96 7.37 15.34
20 5.24 0.31 1.07 0.11 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.17 8.06 7.54 15.61
25 5.20 0.31 1.14 0.12 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.92 0.18 8.17 7.72 15.89
30 5.16 0.31 1.21 0.13 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.95 0.18 8.28 7.90 16.18
35 5.12 0.32 1.28 0.13 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.97 0.19 8.39 8.10 16.49
40 5.09 0.32 1.35 0.14 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.99 0.19 8.51 8.30 16.81
45 5.06 0.33 1.42 0.15 0.46 0.00 0.00 1.02 0.20 8.64 8.52 17.15
50 5.03 0.33 1.49 0.16 0.50 0.00 0.00 1.05 0.20 8.76 8.74 17.51
88
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness= 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.42 0.31 0.82 0.08 0.11 0.37 0.66 0.86 0.16 8.79 7.16 15.95
5 5.37 0.32 0.89 0.09 0.15 0.37 0.66 0.88 0.17 8.88 7.32 16.20
10 5.32 0.32 0.96 0.10 0.19 0.37 0.66 0.90 0.17 8.99 7.49 16.47
15 5.28 0.32 1.03 0.11 0.23 0.37 0.66 0.92 0.18 9.09 7.66 16.75
20 5.24 0.33 1.10 0.12 0.27 0.37 0.66 0.94 0.18 9.20 7.84 17.04
25 5.20 0.33 1.17 0.13 0.31 0.37 0.66 0.96 0.18 9.31 8.03 17.35
30 5.17 0.34 1.24 0.13 0.35 0.37 0.66 0.99 0.19 9.43 8.23 17.66
35 5.14 0.34 1.31 0.14 0.38 0.37 0.66 1.01 0.19 9.55 8.45 18.00
40 5.11 0.35 1.38 0.15 0.42 0.37 0.66 1.04 0.20 9.68 8.67 18.35
45 5.08 0.35 1.45 0.16 0.46 0.37 0.66 1.07 0.20 9.81 8.90 18.71
50 5.06 0.36 1.52 0.17 0.50 0.37 0.66 1.09 0.21 9.95 9.15 19.09

Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.41 0.33 0.85 0.09 0.11 0.73 1.32 0.89 0.17 9.91 7.43 17.34
5 5.36 0.34 0.92 0.10 0.15 0.73 1.32 0.91 0.17 10.01 7.60 17.62
10 5.32 0.34 0.99 0.11 0.19 0.73 1.32 0.93 0.18 10.12 7.78 17.90
15 5.28 0.35 1.06 0.12 0.23 0.73 1.32 0.95 0.18 10.23 7.97 18.20
20 5.25 0.35 1.13 0.13 0.27 0.73 1.32 0.98 0.19 10.35 8.17 18.52
25 5.22 0.36 1.20 0.14 0.31 0.73 1.32 1.00 0.19 10.47 8.38 18.85
30 5.19 0.36 1.27 0.14 0.35 0.73 1.32 1.03 0.20 10.60 8.59 19.19
35 5.16 0.37 1.34 0.15 0.38 0.73 1.32 1.06 0.20 10.73 8.82 19.55
40 5.14 0.37 1.41 0.16 0.42 0.73 1.32 1.09 0.21 10.86 9.07 19.93
45 5.12 0.38 1.48 0.17 0.46 0.73 1.32 1.12 0.21 11.00 9.32 20.33
50 5.10 0.39 1.55 0.18 0.50 0.73 1.32 1.15 0.22 11 .15 9.59 20.74
89
IRC:SP:30-2019
Financial Cost of Operation of Small Cars on Six Lane Divided Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.45 0.28 0.77 0.07 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.82 0.16 7.65 6.87 14.52
5 5.40 0.28 0.84 0.08 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.84 0.16 7.75 7.01 14.76
10 5.35 0.29 0.91 0.08 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.86 0.16 7.84 7.1 6 15.00
15 5.31 0.29 0.98 0.09 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.88 0.17 7.94 7.32 15.25
20 5.26 0.29 1.05 0.10 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.17 8.04 7.48 15.52
25 5.22 0.30 1.12 0.11 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.92 0.18 8.14 7.65 15.79
30 5.18 0.30 1.19 0.12 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.94 0.1 8 8.25 7.83 16.08
35 5.15 0.30 1.26 0.13 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.96 0.18 8.36 8.01 16.38
40 5.11 0.31 1.33 0.14 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.98 0.19 8.48 8.21 16.69
45 5.08 0.31 1.40 0.15 0.46 0.00 0.00 1.01 0.19 8.60 8.41 17.01
50 5.05 0.32 1.47 0.15 0.50 0.00 0.00 1.03 0.20 8.73 8.63 17.36

Roughness = 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.44 0.29 0.79 0.07 0.11 0.37 0.66 0.85 0.16 8.74 7.11 15.85
5 5.39 0.30 0.86 0.08 0.15 0.37 0.66 0.87 0.17 8.84 7.26 16.10
10 5.35 0.30 0.93 0.09 0.19 0.37 0.66 0.89 0.17 8.94 7.42 16.36
15 5.30 0.30 1.00 0.10 0.23 0.37 0.66 0.91 0.17 9.04 7.59 16.63
20 5.26 0.31 1.07 0.11 0.27 0.37 0.66 0.93 0.18 9.15 7.77 16.92
25 5.23 0.31 1.14 0.12 0.31 0.37 0.66 0.95 0.18 9.26 7.95 17.21
30 5.1 9 0.31 1.21 0.13 0.35 0.37 0.66 0.97 0.19 9.38 8.14 17.52
35 5.16 0.32 1.28 0.13 0.38 0.37 0.66 1.00 0.19 9.50 8.34 17.84
40 5.13 0.32 1.35 0.14 0.42 0.37 0.66 1.02 0.20 9.62 8.56 18.18
45 5.11 0.33 1.42 0.15 0.46 0.37 0.66 1.05 0.20 9.75 8.78 18.53
50 5.08 0.33 1.49 0.16 0.50 0.37 0.66 1.08 0.21 9.88 9.01 18.90
90
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness= 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.43 0.30 0.81 0.08 0.11 0.73 1.32 0.88 0.17 9.84 7.37 17.21
5 5.39 0.31 0.88 0.09 0.15 0.73 1.32 0.90 0.17 9.94 7.54 17.48
10 5.35 0.31 0.95 0.10 0.19 0.73 1.32 0.92 0.18 10.05 7.71 17.76
15 5.31 0.32 1.02 0.11 0.23 0.73 1.32 0.94 0.18 10.16 7.89 18.05
20 5.27 0.32 1.09 0.11 0.27 0.73 1.32 0.97 0.19 10.27 8.08 18.35
25 5.24 0.32 1.16 0.12 0.31 0.73 1.32 0.99 0.19 10.39 8.28 18.67
30 5.21 0.33 1.23 0.13 0.35 0.73 1.32 1.02 0.19 10.51 8.49 19.00
35 5.18 0.33 1.30 0.14 0.38 0.73 1.32 1.04 0.20 10.64 8.71 19.35
40 5.16 0.34 1.37 0.15 0.42 0.73 1.32 1.07 0.20 10.77 8.94 19.71
45 5.14 0.34 1.44 0.16 0.46 0.73 1.32 1.10 0.21 10.91 9.18 20.09
50 5.12 0.35 1.51 0.17 0.50 0.73 1.32 1.13 0.22 11.05 9.44 20.49

Financial Cost of Operation of Small Cars on Four Lane Divided Expressways Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness= 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.37 0.29 0.79 0.07 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.84 0.16 7.63 10.20 17.84
5 5.32 0.30 0.86 0.08 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.86 0.16 7.73 10.42 18.15
10 5.27 0.30 0.93 0.09 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.88 0.17 7.83 10.65 18.48
15 5.23 0.30 1.00 0.10 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.17 7.93 10.89 18.82
20 5.19 0.31 1.07 0.11 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.92 0.18 8.03 11 .14 19.17
25 5.15 0.31 1.14 0.12 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.94 0.18 8.14 11 .40 19.54
30 5.11 0.31 1.21 0.13 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.97 0.18 8.26 11.67 19.93
35 5.08 0.32 1.28 0.13 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.99 0.19 8.38 11.96 20.33
40 5.05 0.32 1.35 0.14 0.42 0.00 0.00 1.01 0.19 8.50 12.26 20 .76
45 5.02 0.33 1.42 0.15 0.46 0.00 0.00 1.04 0.20 8.63 12.57 21.20
50 5.00 0.33 1.49 0.16 0.50 0.00 0.00 1.07 0.20 8.76 12.91 21.66
91
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.36 0.31 0.82 0.08 0.11 0.37 0.66 0.87 0.17 8.75 10.58 19.32
5 5.31 0.32 0.89 0.09 0.15 0.37 0.66 0.89 0.17 8.85 10.81 19.66
10 5.27 0.32 0.96 0.10 0.19 0.37 0.66 0.91 0.17 8.95 11.05 20.01
15 5.23 0.32 1.03 0.11 0.23 0.37 0.66 0.94 0.18 9.06 11.31 20.37
20 5.19 0.33 1.10 0.12 0.27 0.37 0.66 0.96 0.18 9.18 11.58 20.76
25 5.16 0.33 1.17 0.13 0.31 0.37 0.66 0.98 0.19 9.29 11.86 21.16
30 5.13 0.34 1.24 0.13 0.35 0.37 0.66 1.01 0.19 9.41 12.16 21.57
35 5.10 0.34 1.31 0.14 0.38 0.37 0.66 1.03 0.20 9.54 12.47 22.01
40 5.08 0.35 1.38 0.15 0.42 0.37 0.66 1.06 0.20 9.67 12.80 22.47
45 5.06 0.35 1.45 0.16 0.46 0.37 0.66 1.09 0.21 9.81 13.14 22.95
50 5.04 0.36 1.52 0.17 0.50 0.37 0.66 1.12 0.21 9.95 13.51 23.45

Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.35 0.33 0.85 0.09 0.11 0.73 1.32 0.91 0.17 9.88 10.97 20.85
5 5.31 0.34 0.92 0.10 0.15 0.73 1.32 0.93 0.18 9.98 11.23 21.21
10 5.28 0.34 0.99 0.11 0.19 0.73 1.32 0.95 0.18 10.10 11.49 21.59
15 5.24 0.35 1.06 0.12 0.23 0.73 1.32 0.97 0.19 10.21 11.77 21.98
20 5.21 0. 35 1.13 0.13 0.27 0.73 1.32 1.00 0.19 10.33 12.06 22.39
25 5.18 0.36 1.20 0.14 0.31 0.73 1.32 1.02 0.20 10.46 12.37 22.82
30 5.15 0.36 1.27 0.14 0.35 0.73 1.32 1.05 0.20 10.59 12.69 23.27
35 5.13 0.37 1.34 0.15 0.38 0.73 1.32 1.08 0.21 10.72 13.03 23.75
40 5.11 0.37 1.41 0.16 0.42 0.73 1.32 1.11 0.21 10.86 13.39 24.25
45 5.09 0.38 1.48 0.17 0.46 0.73 1.32 1.14 0.22 11.00 13.76 24.77
50 5.08 0.39 1.55 0.18 0.50 0.73 1.32 1.17 0.22 11.16 14.16 25.32
92
IRC:SP:30-2O19
Financial Cost of Operation of Small Cars on Six Lane Divided Expressways Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness= 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.45 0.28 0.77 0.07 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.82 0.16 7.65 9.94 17.59
5 5.40 0.28 0.84 0.08 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.84 0.16 7.75 10.15 17.89
10 5.35 0.29 0.91 0.08 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.86 0.16 7.84 10.36 18.20
15 5.31 0.29 0.98 0.09 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.88 0.17 7.94 10.59 18.52
20 5.26 0.29 1.05 0.10 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.89 0.17 8.04 10.82 18.86
25 5.22 0.30 1.12 0.11 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.92 0.18 8.14 11.07 19.21
30 5.18 0.30 1.19 0.12 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.94 0.18 8.25 11.33 19.58
35 5.15 0.30 1.26 0.13 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.96 0.18 8.36 11.60 19.96
40 5.11 0.31 1.33 0.14 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.98 0.19 8.48 11.88 20.36
45 5.08 0.31 1.40 0.15 0.46 0.00 0.00 1.01 0.19 8.60 12.18 20.78
50 5.05 0.32 1.47 0.15 0.50 0.00 0.00 1.03 0.20 8.73 12.49 21.21

Financial Cost of Operation of Small Cars on Six Lane Divided Expressways Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.44 0.29 0.79 0.07 0.11 0.37 0.66 0.85 0.16 8.74 10.29 19.03
5 5.39 0.30 0.86 0.08 0.15 0.37 0.66 0.87 0.17 8.84 10.51 19.35
10 5.35 0.30 0.93 0.09 0.19 0.37 0.66 0.89 0.17 8.94 10.75 19.68
15 5.30 0.30 1.00 0.10 0.23 0.37 0.66 0.91 0.17 9.04 10.99 20.03
20 5.26 0.31 1.07 0.11 0.27 0.37 0.66 0.93 0.18 9.15 11.24 20.39
25 5.23 0.31 1.14 0.12 0.31 0.37 0.66 0.95 0.18 9.26 11 .51 20.77
30 5.19 0.31 1.21 0.13 0.35 0.37 0.66 0.97 0.19 9.38 11.78 21.16
35 5.16 0.32 1.28 0.13 0.38 0.37 0.66 1.00 0.19 9.50 12.08 21.57
40 5.13 0.32 1.35 0.14 0.42 0.37 0.66 1.02 0.20 9.62 12.38 22.00
45 5.11 0.33 1.42 0.15 0.46 0.37 0.66 1.05 0.20 9.75 12.71 22.46
50 5.08 0.33 1.49 0.16 0.50 0.37 0.66 1.08 0.21 9.88 13.05 22.93
93
IRC:SP:30-2019
Financial Cost of Operation of Small Cars on Six Lane Divided Expressways Roads {Rs/km)
Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.43 0.30 0.81 0.08 0.11 0.73 1.32 0.88 0.17 9.84 10.67 20.51
5 5.39 0.31 0.88 0.09 0.15 0.73 1.32 0.90 0.17 9.94 10.91 20.85
10 5.35 0.31 0.95 0.10 0.19 0.73 1.32 0.92 0.1 8 10.05 11.16 21.21
15 5.31 0.32 1.02 0.1 1 0.23 0.73 1.32 0.94 0.18 10.16 11.42 21 .58
20 5.27 0.32 1.09 0.11 0.27 0.73 1.32 0.97 0.19 10.27 11.69 21.97
25 5.24 0.32 1.16 0.12 0.31 0.73 1.32 0.99 0.19 10.39 11.98 22.37
30 5.21 0.33 1.23 0.13 0.35 0.73 1.32 1.02 0.19 10.51 12.28 22.80
35 5.18 0.33 1.30 0.14 0.38 0.73 1.32 1.04 0.20 10.64 12.60 23.24
40 5.16 0.34 1.37 0.15 0.42 0.73 1.32 1.07 0.20 10.77 12.93 23.71
45 5.14 0.34 1.44 0.16 0.46 0.73 1.32 1.10 0.21 10.91 13.29 24.20
50 5.12 0.35 1.51 0.17 0.50 0.73 1.32 1.13 0.22 11.05 13.66 24.71

Financial Cost of Operation of Small Cars on Eight Lane Divided Urban Expressways Roads {Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.54 0.27 0.75 0.06 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.80 0.15 7.70 9.69 17.39
5 5.49 0.28 0.83 0.07 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.82 0.1 6 7.79 9.89 17.67
10 5.44 0.28 0.90 0.08 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.83 0.16 7.88 10.09 17.97
15 5.39 0.28 0.97 0.09 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.85 0.16 7.97 10.30 18.28
20 5.34 0.29 1.04 0.10 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.87 0.17 8.07 10.53 18.59
25 5.30 0.29 1.11 0.11 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.89 0.1 7 8.17 10.76 18.93
30 5.26 0.29 1.18 0.12 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.91 0.17 8.27 11.00 19.27
35 5.22 0.30 1.25 0.13 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.93 0.18 8.38 11.26 19.64
40 5.18 0.30 1.32 0.13 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.95 0.18 8.49 11.52 20.01
45 5.14 0.31 1.39 0.14 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.98 0.19 8.61 11.80 20.41
50 5.11 0.31 1.46 0.15 0.50 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.19 8.73 12.09 20.82
94
IRC:SP:30-2019
Financial Cost of Operation of Small Cars on Eight Lane Divided Urban Expressways Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness= 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.52 0.28 0.77 0.07 0.11 0.37 0.66 0.83 0.16 8.77 10.02 18.79
5 5.47 0.29 0.84 0.08 0.15 0.37 0.66 0.85 0.16 8.86 10.23 19.10
10 5.43 0.29 0.91 0.09 0.19 0.37 0.66 0.86 0.17 8.96 10.45 19.41
15 5.38 0.29 0.98 0.10 0.23 0.37 0.66 0.88 0.17 9.06 10.68 19.74
20 5.34 0.30 1.05 0.10 0.27 0.37 0.66 0.90 0.17 9.16 10.92 20.08
25 5.30 0.30 1.12 0.11 0.31 0.37 0.66 0.92 0.18 9.27 11.17 20.44
30 5.26 0.30 1.19 0.12 0.35 0.37 0.66 0.95 0.18 9.38 11.43 20.81
35 5.22 0.31 1.26 0.13 0.38 0.37 0.66 0.97 0.19 9.49 11.71 21.20
40 5.19 0.31 1.33 0.14 0.42 0.37 0.66 0.99 0.19 9.61 12.00 21.61
45 5.16 0.32 1.40 0.15 0.46 0.37 0.66 1.02 0.19 9.73 12.30 22.03
50 5.14 0.32 1.47 0.16 0.50 0.37 0.66 1.04 0.20 9.86 12.62 22.48

Financial Cost of Operation of Small Cars on Eight Lane Divided Urban Expressways Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.51 0.29 0.79 0.07 0.11 0.73 1.32 0.86 0.16 9.85 10.38 20.23
5 5.46 0.30 0.86 0.08 0.15 0.73 1.32 0.88 0.17 9.95 10.61 20.56
10 5.42 0.30 0.93 0.09 0.19 0.73 1.32 0.90 0.17 10.05 10.84 20.89
15 5.38 0.30 1.00 0.10 0.23 0.73 1.32 0.92 0.18 10.16 11.09 21.24
20 5.34 0.31 1.07 0.11 0.27 0.73 1.32 0.94 0.18 10.27 11.35 21.61
25 5.31 0.31 1.14 0.12 0.31 0.73 1.32 0.96 0.18 10.38 11.62 22.00
30 5.27 0.31 1.21 0.13 0.35 0.73 1.32 0.98 0.19 10.50 11.90 22.40
35 5.24 0.32 1.28 0.13 0.38 0.73 1.32 1.01 0.19 10.62 12.20 22.82
40 5.21 0.32 1.35 0.14 0.42 0.73 1.32 1.03 0.20 10.74 12.51 23.25
45 5.19 0.33 1.42 0.15 0.46 0.73 1.32 1.06 0.20 10.87 12.84 23.72
50 5.17 0.33 1.49 0.16 0.50 0.73 1.32 1.09 0.21 11.01 13.19 24.20
95
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC Big Cars 1
Economic Cost of Operation of Big Cars on Single Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.02 0.22 0.41 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.00 1.14 0.12 4.01 4.74 8.75
5 1.99 0.22 0.45 0.05 0.07 0.00 0.00 1.20 0.13 4.11 5.00 9.11
10 1.97 0.22 0.48 0.05 0.09 0.00 0.00 1.27 0.14 4.22 5.30 9.52
15 1.95 0.22 0.51 0.06 0.11 0.00 0.00 1.35 0.15 4.35 5.62 9.98
20 1.94 0.23 0.55 0.06 0.13 0.00 0.00 1.44 0.16 4.50 5.99 10.50
25 1.94 0.23 0.58 0.07 0.14 0.00 0.00 1.54 0.17 4.67 6.41 11.09
30 1.94 0.23 0.62 0.07 0.16 0.00 0.00 1.66 0.18 4.87 6.90 11.77
35 1.96 0.24 0.65 0.07 0.18 0.00 0.00 1.80 0.19 5.09 7.47 12.56
40 1.98 0.24 0.69 0.08 0.20 0.00 0.00 1.96 0.21 5.36 8.13 13.49
45 2.02 0.25 0.72 0.08 0.22 0.00 0.00 2.15 0.23 5.67 8.93 14.60
50 2.08 0.25 0.76 0.09 0.24 0.00 0.00 2.38 0.26 6.05 9.90 15.95

Roughness= 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.06 0.25 0.44 0.05 0.05 0.25 0.45 1.19 0.13 4.88 4.96 9.84
5 2.03 0.25 0.47 0.06 0.07 0.25 0.45 1.26 0.14 4.99 5.25 10.24
10 2.01 0.26 0.51 0.06 0.09 0.25 0.45 1.34 0.15 5.12 5.57 10.69
15 2.00 0.26 0.54 0.07 0.11 0.25 0.45 1.43 0.15 5.26 5.93 11.20
20 2.00 0.26 0.58 0.07 0.13 0.25 0.45 1.53 0.17 5.43 6.35 11.78
25 2.00 0.27 0.61 0.07 0.14 0.25 0.45 1.64 0.18 5.62 6.82 12.44
30 2.01 0.27 0.65 0.08 0.16 0.25 0.45 1.77 0.19 5.85 7.37 13.22
35 2.04 0.28 0.68 0.08 0.18 0.25 0.45 1.93 0.21 6.10 8.02 14.13
40 2.08 0.28 0.72 0.09 0.20 0.25 0.45 2.12 0.23 6.41 8.80 15.21
45 2.13 0.29 0.75 0.09 0.22 0.25 0.45 2.34 0.25 6.78 9.74 16.52
50 2.21 0.29 0.78 0.10 0.24 0.25 0.45 2.62 0.28 7.23 10.90 18.14
96
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.10 0.29 0.47 0.06 0.05 0.50 0.90 1.25 0.14 5.76 5.20 10.97
5 2.08 0.30 0.50 0.07 0.07 0.50 0.90 1.33 0.14 5.89 5.52 11.41
10 2.06 0.30 0.54 0.07 0.09 0.50 0.90 1.41 0.15 6.04 5.87 11.91
15 2.06 0.31 0.57 0.07 0.11 0.50 0.90 1.51 0.16 6.20 6.28 12.48
20 2.06 0.32 0.61 0.08 0.13 0.50 0.90 1.62 0.18 6.39 6.74 13.14
25 2.07 0.32 0.64 0.08 0.14 0.50 0.90 1.75 0.19 6.61 7.28 13.89
30 2.09 0.33 0.68 0.09 0.16 0.50 0.90 1.90 0.21 6.87 7.92 14.78
35 2.13 0.34 0.71 0.09 0.18 0.50 0.90 2.09 0.23 7.17 8.67 15.84
40 2.18 0.34 0.74 0.10 0.20 0.50 0.90 2.31 0.25 7.53 9.58 17.11
45 2.26 0.35 0.78 0.10 0.22 0.50 0.90 2.58 0.28 7.97 10.71 18.67
50 2.36 0.36 0.81 0.10 0.24 0.50 0.90 2.92 0.32 8.52 12.13 20.65
Table voe Big Cars 4

Roughness= 5000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.14 0.35 0.50 0.07 0.05 0.75 1.36 1.32 0.14 6.68 5.47 12.15
5 2.13 0.36 0.53 0.07 0.07 0.75 1.36 1.40 0.15 6.83 5.82 12.64
10 2.12 0.37 0.57 0.08 0.09 0.75 1.36 1.49 0.16 6.99 6.21 13.20
15 2.12 0.38 0.60 0.08 0.11 0.75 1.36 1.60 0.17 7.18 6.67 13.85
20 2.13 0.39 0.64 0.09 0.13 0.75 1.36 1.73 0.19 7.40 7.19 14.59
25 2.15 0.40 0.67 0.09 0.14 0.75 1.36 1.88 0.20 7.65 7.81 15.46
30 2.18 0.41 0.70 0.10 0.16 0.75 1.36 2.06 0.22 7.94 8.54 16.49
35 2.23 0.42 0.74 0.10 0.18 0.75 1.36 2.27 0.25 8.30 9.43 17.73
40 2.30 0.43 0.77 0.10 0.20 0.75 1.36 2.53 0.27 8.73 10.52 19.25
45 2.40 0.44 0.81 0.11 0.22 0.75 1.36 2.86 0.31 9.26 11 .89 21.16
50 2.54 0.46 0.84 0.11 0.24 0.75 1.36 3.29 0.36 9.95 13.68 23.63
97
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table voe Big Cars s
Roughness = 6000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.19 0.45 0.53 0.08 0.05 1.01 1.81 1.39 0.15 7.65 5.76 13.41
5 2.18 0.47 0.56 0.08 0.07 1.01 1.81 1.48 0.16 7.81 6.15 13.96
10 2.18 0.48 0.60 0.09 0.09 1.01 1.81 1.59 0.17 8.00 6.59 14.60
15 2.19 0.49 0.63 0.09 0.11 1.01 1.81 1.71 0.19 8.22 7.11 15.33
20 2.21 0.51 0.66 0.09 0.13 1.01 1.81 1.85 0.20 8.47 7.71 16.18
25 2.24 0.53 0.70 0.10 0.14 1.01 1.81 2.03 0.22 8.77 8.42 17.19
30 2.28 0.54 0.73 0.10 0.16 1.01 1.81 2.23 0.24 9.12 9.28 18.40
35 2.35 0.56 0.77 0.11 0.18 1.01 1.81 2.49 0.27 9.54 10.33 19.88
40 2.45 0.58 0.80 0.11 0.20 1.01 1.81 2.80 0.30 10.07 11.66 21.73
45 2.58 0.61 0.84 0.12 0.22 1.01 1.81 3.22 0.35 10.74 13.37 24.11
50 2.77 0.63 0.87 0.12 0.24 1.01 1.81 3.77 0.41 11.62 15.67 27.29

Roughness = 7000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.24 0.62 0.56 0.09 0.05 1.26 2.26 1.46 0.16 8.70 6.09 14.78
5 2.24 0.65 0.59 0.09 0.07 1.26 2.26 1.57 0.17 8.90 6.52 15.42
10 2.25 0.68 0.63 0.09 0.09 1.26 2.26 1.69 0.18 9.12 7.02 16.15
15 2.26 0.71 0.66 0.10 0 .11 1.26 2.26 1.83 0.20 9.38 7.61 16.99
20 2.29 0.74 0.69 0.10 0.13 1.26 2.26 2.00 0.22 9.69 8.31 17.99
25 2.34 0.77 0.73 0.11 0.14 1.26 2.26 2.20 0.24 10.05 9.14 19.18
30 2.40 0.81 0.76 0.11 0.16 1.26 2.26 2.44 0.26 10.48 10.16 20.64
35 2.49 0.86 0.80 0.12 0.18 1.26 2.26 2.75 0.30 11.01 11.43 22.44
40 2.62 0.91 0.83 0.12 0.20 1.26 2.26 3.15 0.34 11.68 13.07 24.75
45 2.80 0.96 0.87 0.12 0.22 1.26 2.26 3.67 0.40 12.55 15.27 27.82
50 3.06 1.02 0.90 0.13 0.24 1.26 2.26 4.41 0.48 13.76 18.34 32 .10
98
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 8000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.30 1.00 0.59 0.09 0.05 1.51 2.71 1.55 0.17 9.97 6.45 16.42
5 2.31 1.07 0.62 0.10 0.07 1.51 2.71 1.67 0.18 10.23 6.94 17.17
10 2.32 1.14 0.65 0.10 0.09 1.51 2.71 1.81 0.20 10.53 7.51 18.05
15 2.35 1.23 0.69 0.11 0.11 1.51 2.71 1.97 0.21 10.89 8.19 19.08
20 2.39 1.33 0.72 0.11 0.13 1.51 2.71 2.17 0.23 11.31 9.00 20.31
25 2.45 1.46 0.76 0.12 0.14 1.51 2.71 2.40 0.26 11.81 9.99 21.80
30 2.54 1.60 0.79 0.12 0.16 1.51 2.71 2.70 0.29 12.43 11.22 23.64
35 2.65 1.78 0.83 0.12 0.18 1.51 2.71 3.08 0.33 13.20 12.79 26.00
40 2.82 2.01 0.86 0.13 0.20 1.51 2.71 3.58 0.39 14.21 14.88 29.10
45 3.07 2.30 0.89 0.13 0.22 1.51 2.71 4.28 0.46 15.58 17.79 33.37
50 3.45 2.69 0.93 0.14 0.24 1.51 2.71 5.32 0.58 17.56 22.11 39.67
Table voe Big Cars 8

Economic Cost of Operation of Big Cars on Intermediate Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.07 0.20 0.39 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.00 1.04 0.11 3.90 4.31 8.21
5 2.03 0.20 0.43 0.04 0.07 0.00 0.00 1.09 0.12 3.98 4.53 8.52
10 2.00 0.20 0.46 0.05 0.09 0.00 0.00 1.15 0.12 4.08 4 .79 8.86
15 1.97 0.21 0.50 0.05 0.11 0.00 0.00 1.22 0.13 4.18 5.07 9.25
20 1.95 0.21 0.53 0.06 0.13 0.00 0.00 1.29 0.14 4.31 5.38 9.69
25 1.93 0.21 0.57 0.06 0.14 0.00 0.00 1.38 0.15 4.44 5.74 10.18
30 1.92 0.22 0.60 0.06 0.16 0.00 0.00 1.48 0.16 4.61 6.15 10.75
35 1.92 0.22 0.63 0.07 0.18 0.00 0.00 1.59 0.17 4.79 6.62 11.41
40 1.93 0.22 0.67 0.07 0.20 0.00 0.00 1.72 0.19 5.01 7.17 12.18
45 1.96 0.22 0.70 0.08 0.22 0.00 0.00 1.88 0.20 5.26 7.82 13.08
50 1.99 0.23 0.74 0.08 0.24 0.00 0.00 2.07 0.22 5.57 8.60 14.16
99
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.10 0.22 0.41 0.04 0.05 0.25 0.45 1.07 0.12 4.72 4.44 9.16
5 2.07 0.22 0.45 0.05 0.07 0.25 0.45 1.13 0.12 4.81 4.68 9.49
10 2.04 0.22 0.48 0.05 0.09 0.25 0.45 1.19 0.13 4.91 4.95 9.86
15 2.01 0.23 0.52 0.06 0.11 0.25 0.45 1.26 0.14 5.03 5.25 10.28
20 2.00 0.23 0.55 0.06 0.13 0.25 0.45 1.35 0.15 5.16 5.59 10.75
25 1.99 0.23 0.58 0.07 0.14 0.25 0.45 1.44 0.16 5.31 5.98 11 .29
30 1.98 0.24 0.62 0.07 0.16 0.25 0.45 1.55 0.17 5.49 6.43 11.92
35 1.99 0.24 0.65 0.07 0.1 8 0.25 0.45 1.67 0.18 5.69 6.94 12.64
40 2.00 0.24 0.69 0.08 0.20 0.25 0.45 1.82 0.20 5.93 7.55 13.48
45 2.03 0.25 0.72 0.08 0.22 0.25 0.45 1.99 0.22 6.22 8.28 14.49
50 2.08 0.25 0.76 0.09 0.24 0.25 0.45 2.20 0.24 6.56 9.15 15.71

Roughness= 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.14 0.24 0.43 0.05 0.05 0.50 0.90 1.10 0.12 5.54 4.59 10.13
5 2.11 0.24 0.47 0.05 0.07 0.50 0.90 1.17 0.13 5.64 4.85 10.49
10 2.08 0.25 0.50 0.06 0.09 0.50 0.90 1.24 0.13 5.75 5.13 10.88
15 2.06 0.25 0.54 0.06 0.11 0.50 0.90 1.31 0.14 5.88 5.46 11 .34
20 2.05 0.25 0.57 0.07 0.13 0.50 0.90 1.40 0.15 6.02 5.83 11.85
25 2.04 0.26 0.60 0.07 0.14 0.50 0.90 1.50 0.16 6.19 6.25 12.44
30 2.04 0.26 0.64 0.08 0.16 0.50 0.90 1.62 0.18 6.38 6.73 13.12
35 2.05 0.27 0.67 0.08 0.18 0.50 0.90 1.76 0.19 6.61 7.30 13.91
40 2.08 0.27 0.71 0.08 0.20 0.50 0.90 1.92 0.21 6.88 7.98 14.85
45 2.12 0.28 0.74 0.09 0.22 0.50 0.90 2.11 0.23 7.20 8.79 15.99
50 2.18 0.28 0.78 0.09 0.24 0.50 0.90 2.35 0.25 7.58 9.79 17.37
100
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 5000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.18 0.26 0.45 0.06 0.05 0.75 1.36 1.14 0.12 6.38 4.74 11.12
5 2.15 0.27 0.49 0.06 0.07 0.75 1.36 1.21 0.13 6.48 5.02 11.50
10 2.13 0.27 0.52 0.06 0.09 0.75 1.36 1.28 0.14 6.61 5.33 11.93
15 2.11 0.28 0.56 0.07 0.11 0.75 1.36 1.37 0.15 6.74 5.68 12.42
20 2.10 0.28 0.59 0.07 0.13 0.75 1.36 1.46 0.16 6.90 6.08 12.98
25 2.10 0.29 0.62 0.08 0.14 0.75 1.36 1.57 0.17 7.09 6.54 13.62
30 2.11 0.29 0.66 0.08 0.16 0.75 1.36 1.70 0.18 7.30 7.07 14.37
35 2.13 0.30 0.69 0.09 0.18 0.75 1.36 1.85 0.20 7.55 7.70 15.25
40 2.16 0.30 0.73 0.09 0.20 0.75 1.36 2.03 0.22 7.85 8.46 16.30
45 2.21 0.31 0.76 0.09 0.22 0.75 1.36 2.26 0.24 8.21 9.37 17.58
50 2.29 0.32 0.80 0.10 0.24 0.75 1.36 2.53 0.27 8.65 10.51 19.16

Roughness = 6000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.22 0.30 0.47 0.06 0.05 1.01 1.81 1.18 0.13 7.22 4.91 12.13
5 2.19 0.30 0.51 0.07 0.07 1.01 1.81 1.25 0.14 7.34 5.20 12.54
10 2.17 0.31 0.54 0.07 0.09 1.01 1.81 1.33 0.14 7.47 5.54 13.01
15 2.16 0.31 0.58 0.07 0.11 1.01 1.81 1.42 0.15 7.62 5.91 13.54
20 2.16 0.32 0.61 0.08 0.13 1.01 1.81 1.53 0.17 7.80 6.35 14.15
25 2.16 0.33 0.64 0.08 0.14 1.01 1.81 1.65 0.18 8.00 6.85 14.85
30 2.18 0.33 0.68 0.09 0.16 1.01 1.81 1.79 0.19 8.24 7.44 15.68
35 2.20 0.34 0.71 0.09 0.18 1.01 1.81 1.96 0.21 8.52 8.15 16.66
40 2.25 0.35 0.75 0.10 0.20 1.01 1.81 2.16 0.23 8.85 8.99 17.85
45 2.31 0.36 0.78 0.10 0.22 1.01 1.81 2.42 0.26 9.26 10.04 19.30
50 2.41 0.36 0.82 0.10 0.24 1.01 1.81 2.73 0.30 9.77 11 .36 21.13
101
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 7000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.26 0.34 0.49 0.07 0.05 1.26 2.26 1.22 0.13 8.08 5.08 13.17
5 2.24 0.35 0.53 0.07 0.07 1.26 2.26 1.30 0.1 4 8.21 5.40 13.61
10 2.22 0.35 0.56 0.08 0.09 1.26 2.26 1.39 0.15 8.36 5.76 14.12
15 2.22 0.36 0.59 0.08 0.11 1.26 2.26 1.49 0.16 8.52 6.17 14.70
20 2.22 0.37 0.63 0.08 0.13 1.26 2.26 1.60 0.17 8.72 6.65 15.36
25 2.23 0.38 0.66 0.09 0.14 1.26 2.26 1.73 0.19 8.94 7.20 16.14
30 2.25 0.39 0.70 0.09 0.16 1.26 2.26 1.89 0.20 9.20 7.86 17.06
35 2.29 0.40 0.73 0.10 0.18 1.26 2.26 2.08 0.23 9.52 8.64 18.16
40 2.34 0.41 0.77 0.10 0.20 1.26 2.26 2.31 0.25 9.90 9.61 19.50
45 2.42 0.42 0.80 0.11 0.22 1.26 2.26 2.60 0.28 10.37 10.81 21.17
50 2.54 0.43 0.84 0.11 0.24 1.26 2.26 2.97 0.32 10.96 12.35 23.32

Roughness = 8000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.30 0.39 0.51 0.07 0.05 1.51 2.71 1.27 0.14 8.96 5.27 14.23
5 2.29 0.40 0.55 0.08 0.07 1.51 2.71 1.35 0.15 9.10 5.62 14.72
10 2.28 0.41 0.58 0.08 0.09 1.51 2.71 1.45 0.16 9.26 6.01 15.27
15 2.27 0.42 0.61 0.09 0.11 1.51 2.71 1.55 0.17 9.45 6.45 15.90
20 2.28 0.44 0.65 0.09 0.13 1.51 2.71 1.68 0.18 9.66 6.98 16.64
25 2.30 0.45 0.68 0.09 0.14 1.51 2.71 1.83 0.20 9.91 7.59 17.50
30 2.33 0.46 0.72 0.10 0.16 1.51 2.71 2.00 0.22 10.21 8.32 18.53
35 2.38 0.48 0.75 0.10 0.18 1.51 2.71 2.22 0.24 10.57 9.21 19.77
40 2.45 0.49 0.79 0.11 0.20 1.51 2.71 2.48 0.27 11.00 10.31 21 .31
45 2.55 0.51 0.82 0.11 0.22 1.51 2.71 2.82 0.30 11.55 11.70 23.25
50 2.69 0.52 0.86 0.12 0.24 1.51 2.71 3.26 0.35 12.25 13.54 25.79
102
IRC:SP:30-2019
Economic Cost of Operation of Big Cars on Two Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness= 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.15 0.19 0.38 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.93 0.10 3.85 5.22 9.07
5 2.10 0.19 0.42 0.04 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.98 0.11 3.91 5.48 9.39
10 2.05 0.20 0.45 0.04 0.09 0.00 0.00 1.03 0.11 3.98 5.78 9.76
15 2.01 0.20 0.49 0.05 0.11 0.00 0.00 1.09 0.12 4.07 6.11 10.18
20 1.98 0.20 0.52 0.05 0.13 0.00 0.00 1.16 0.13 4.17 6.48 10.64
25 1.95 0.20 0.56 0.06 0.14 0.00 0.00 1.23 0.13 4.28 6.89 11.17
30 1.93 0.21 0.59 0.06 0.16 0.00 0.00 1.32 0.14 4.41 7.37 11.78
35 1.91 0.21 0.63 0.07 0.18 0.00 0.00 1.42 0.15 4.57 7.91 12.47
40 1.91 0.21 0.66 0.07 0.20 0.00 0.00 1.53 0.17 4.75 8.54 13.28
45 1.92 0.22 0.69 0.08 0.22 0.00 0.00 1.66 0.18 4.96 9.28 14.23
50 1.93 0.22 0.73 0.08 0.24 0.00 0.00 1.82 0.20 5.21 10.15 15.36

Roughness= 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.18 0.21 0.40 0.04 0.05 0.25 0.45 0.96 0.10 4.64 5.34 9.98
5 2.13 0.21 0.43 0.05 0.07 0.25 0.45 1.01 0.11 4.71 5.62 10.33
10 2.09 0.21 0.47 0.05 0.09 0.25 0.45 1.06 0.11 4.79 5.93 10.72
15 2.05 0.21 0.50 0.05 0.11 0.25 0.45 1.12 0.12 4.88 6.28 11.16
20 2.02 0.22 0.54 0.06 0.13 0.25 0.45 1.19 0.13 4.98 6.67 11.66
25 2.00 0.22 0.57 0.06 0.14 0.25 0.45 1.27 0.14 5.11 7.11 12.22
30 1.98 0.22 0.61 0.07 0.16 0.25 0.45 1.36 0.15 5.25 7.62 12.87
35 1.97 0.23 0.64 0.07 0.18 0.25 0.45 1.47 0.16 5.42 8.20 13.62
40 1.97 0.23 0.68 0.08 0.20 0.25 0.45 1.59 0.17 5.61 8.88 14.49
45 1.98 0.23 0.71 0.08 0.22 0.25 0.45 1.73 0.19 5.84 9.68 15.52
50 2.01 0.24 0.74 0.08 0.24 0.25 0.45 1.90 0.21 6.12 10.64 16.75
103
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.21 0.22 0.42 0.05 0.05 0.50 0.90 0.98 0.11 5.44 5.47 10.91
5 2.17 0.22 0.45 0.05 0.07 0.50 0.90 1.03 0.11 5.51 5.77 11.28
10 2.13 0.23 0.48 0.05 0.09 0.50 0.90 1.09 0.12 5.60 6.10 11.69
15 2.09 0.23 0.52 0.06 0.11 0.50 0.90 1.16 0.13 5.70 6.46 12.16
20 2.06 0.23 0.55 0.06 0.13 0.50 0.90 1.23 0.13 5.81 6.88 12.69
25 2.04 0.24 0.59 0.07 0.14 0.50 0.90 1.32 0.14 5.94 7.35 13.29
30 2.03 0.24 0.62 0.07 0.16 0.50 0.90 1.41 0.15 6.10 7.89 13.98
35 2.02 0.24 0.66 0.08 0.18 0.50 0.90 1.52 0.16 6.28 8.51 14.79
40 2.03 0.25 0.69 0.08 0.20 0.50 0.90 1.65 0.18 6.49 9.24 15.73
45 2.05 0.25 0.73 0.08 0.22 0.50 0.90 1.81 0.20 6.74 10.12 16.86
50 2.08 0.26 0.76 0.09 0.24 0.50 0.90 2.00 0.22 7.04 11.17 18.21

Roughness = 5000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.25 0.24 0.43 0.05 0.05 0.75 1.36 1.00 0.11 6.24 5.61 11.85
5 2.20 0.24 0.47 0.05 0.07 0.75 1.36 1.06 0.11 6.32 5.92 12.24
10 2.17 0.24 0.50 0.06 0.09 0.75 1.36 1.12 0.12 6.41 6.27 12.68
15 2.14 0.25 0.53 0.06 0.11 0.75 1.36 1.19 0.13 6.52 6.66 13.17
20 2.11 0.25 0.57 0.07 0.13 0.75 1.36 1.27 0.14 6.64 7.09 13.74
25 2.09 0.26 0.60 0.07 0.14 0.75 1.36 1.36 0.15 6.78 7.60 14.38
30 2.08 0.26 0.64 0.08 0.16 0.75 1.36 1.46 0.16 6.95 8.18 15.13
35 2.08 0.26 0.67 0.08 0.18 0.75 1.36 1.58 0.17 7.15 8.85 15.99
40 2.09 0.27 0.71 0.08 0.20 0.75 1.36 1.73 0.19 7.38 9.64 17.02
45 2.12 0.27 0.74 0.09 0.22 0.75 1.36 1.90 0.21 7.65 10.60 18.25
50 2.16 0.28 0.78 0.09 0.24 0.75 1.36 2.10 0.23 7.99 11.76 19.74
104
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 6000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.28 0.26 0.45 0.05 0.05 1.01 1.81 1.03 0.11 7.05 5.76 12.81
5 2.24 0.26 0.48 0.06 0.07 1.01 1.81 1.09 0.12 7.13 6.08 13.22
10 2.21 0.26 0.52 0.06 0.09 1.01 1.81 1.15 0.12 7.23 6.45 13.68
15 2.18 0.27 0.55 0.07 0.11 1.01 1.81 1.23 0.13 7.35 6.86 14.21
20 2.16 0.27 0.58 0.07 0.13 1.01 1.81 1.31 0.14 7.48 7.33 14.81
25 2.14 0.28 0.62 0.08 0.14 1.01 1.81 1.41 0.15 7.64 7.86 15.50
30 2.14 0.28 0.65 0.08 0.16 1.01 1.81 1.52 0.16 7.82 8.49 16.30
35 2.14 0.29 0.69 0.08 0.18 1.01 1.81 1.65 0.18 8.03 9.21 17.24
40 2.16 0.29 0.72 0.09 0.20 1.01 1.81 1.80 0.20 8.28 10.08 18.36
45 2.19 0.30 0.76 0.09 0.22 1.01 1.81 1.99 0.22 8.58 11.12 19.71
50 2.25 0.31 0.79 0.10 0.24 1.01 1.81 2.22 0.24 8.95 12.41 21.36

Economic Cost of Operation of Big Cars on Four Lane Divided Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness= 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.30 0.19 0.38 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.81 0.09 3.87 10.00 13.87
5 2.27 0.19 0.42 0.04 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.83 0.09 3.91 10.22 14.13
10 2.23 0.20 0.45 0.04 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.85 0.09 3.96 10.44 14.39
15 2.20 0.20 0.49 0.05 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.87 0.09 4.00 10.67 14.67
20 2.16 0.20 0.52 0.05 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.89 0.10 4.05 10.92 14.97
25 2.13 0.20 0.56 0.06 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.91 0.10 4.10 11.17 15.27
30 2.10 0.21 0.59 0.06 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.93 0.10 4.15 11.44 15.59
35 2.07 0.21 0.63 0.07 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.95 0.10 4.21 11.72 15.93
40 2.04 0.21 0.66 0.07 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.98 0.11 4.27 12.02 16.28
45 2.01 0.22 0.69 0.08 0.22 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.11 4.33 12.33 16.65
50 1.98 0.22 0.73 0.08 0.24 0.00 0.00 1.03 0.11 4.39 12.65 17.04
105
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.31 0.21 0.40 0.04 0.05 0.25 0.45 0.84 0.09 4.65 10.37 15.01
5 2.27 0.21 0.43 0.05 0.07 0.25 0.45 0.86 0.09 4.69 10.60 15.29
10 2.24 0.21 0.47 0.05 0.09 0.25 0.45 0.88 0.10 4.74 10.84 15.57
15 2.21 0.21 0.50 0.05 0.11 0.25 0.45 0.90 0.10 4.79 11.09 15.88
20 2.18 0.22 0.54 0.06 0.13 0.25 0.45 0.92 0.10 4.84 11.35 16.19
25 2.15 0.22 0.57 0.06 0.14 0.25 0.45 0.95 0.10 4.90 11.63 16.52
30 2.12 0.22 0.61 0.07 0.16 0.25 0.45 0.97 0.10 4.95 11.92 16.87
35 2.09 0.23 0.64 0.07 0.18 0.25 0.45 0.99 0.11 5.01 12.22 17.24
40 2.06 0.23 0.68 0.08 0.20 0.25 0.45 1.02 0.11 5.07 12.54 17.62
45 2.03 0.23 0.71 0.08 0.22 0.25 0.45 1.05 0.11 5.14 12.88 18.02
50 2.01 0.24 0.74 0.08 0.24 0.25 0.45 1.08 0.12 5.21 13.24 18.45

Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.32 0.22 0.42 0.05 0.05 0.50 0.90 0.88 0.09 5.43 10.76 16.19
5 2.29 0.22 0.45 0.05 0.07 0.50 0.90 0.90 0.10 5.48 11.00 16.48
10 2.25 0.23 0.48 0.05 0.09 0.50 0.90 0.92 0.10 5.53 11.26 16.79
15 2.22 0.23 0.52 0.06 0.11 0.50 0.90 0.94 0.10 5.58 11.54 17.12
20 2.19 0.23 0.55 0.06 0.13 0.50 0.90 0.96 0.10 5.64 11.82 17.46
25 2.16 0.24 0.59 0.07 0.14 0.50 0.90 0.99 0.11 5.70 12.12 17.82
30 2.14 0.24 0.62 0.07 0.16 0.50 0.90 1.01 0.11 5.76 12.44 18.20
35 2.11 0.24 0.66 0.08 0.18 0.50 0.90 1.04 0.11 5.83 12.77 18.60
40 2.09 0.25 0.69 0.08 0.20 0.50 0.90 1.07 0.12 5.89 13.12 19.02
45 2.06 0.25 0.73 0.08 0.22 0.50 0.90 1.10 0.12 5.96 13.49 19.46
50 2.04 0.26 0.76 0.09 0.24 0.50 0.90 1.13 0.12 6.04 13.89 19.92
106
IRC:SP:30-2019
Economic Cost of Operation of Big Cars on Six Lane Divided Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.35 0.18 0.37 0.03 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.78 0.08 3.87 9.65 13.51
5 2.32 0.19 0.41 0.04 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.80 0.09 3.91 9.85 13.75
10 2.28 0.19 0.44 0.04 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.82 0.09 3.95 10.06 14.00
15 2.24 0.19 0.48 0.05 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.84 0.09 3.99 10.27 14.26
20 2.21 0.19 0.51 0.05 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.85 0.09 4.03 10.50 14.54
25 2.17 0.20 0.55 0.05 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.87 0.09 4.08 10.74 14.82
30 2.14 0.20 0.58 0.06 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.89 0.10 4.13 10.99 15.12
35 2.10 0.20 0.62 0.06 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.92 0.10 4.18 11.25 15.43
40 2.07 0.20 0.65 0.07 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.94 0.10 4.23 11.53 15.76
45 2.04 0.21 0.68 0.07 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.96 0.10 4.29 11 .82 16.10
50 2.01 0.21 0.72 0.08 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.99 0.11 4.35 12.12 16.47

Economic Cost of Operation of Big Cars on Six Lane Divided Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness= 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.36 0.19 0.38 0.04 0.05 0.25 0.45 0.81 0.09 4.63 9.99 14.61
5 2.32 0.19 0.42 0.04 0.07 0.25 0.45 0.83 0.09 4.67 10.20 14.87
10 2.28 0.20 0.45 0.04 0.09 0.25 0.45 0.85 0.09 4.71 10.43 15.14
15 2.25 0.20 0.49 0.05 0.11 0.25 0.45 0.87 0.09 4.76 10.66 15.42
20 2.22 0.20 0.52 0.05 0.13 0.25 0.45 0.89 0.10 4.81 10.91 15.71
25 2.18 0.20 0.56 0.06 0.14 0.25 0.45 0.91 0.10 4.86 11.17 16.02
30 2.15 0.21 0.59 0.06 0.16 0.25 0.45 0.93 0.10 4.91 11.44 16.35
35 2.12 0.21 0.63 0.07 0.18 0.25 0.45 0.95 0.10 4.96 11.72 16.68
40 2.09 0.21 0.66 0.07 0.20 0.25 0.45 0.98 0.11 5.02 12.02 17.04
45 2.06 0.22 0.69 0.08 0.22 0.25 0.45 1.00 0.11 5.08 12.33 17.41
50 2.04 0.22 0.73 0.08 0.24 0.25 0.45 1.03 0.11 5.14 12.66 17.81
107
IRC:SP:30-2019
Economic Cost of Operation of Big Cars on Six Lane Divided Roads {Rs/km)
Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.36 0.20 0.39 0.04 0.05 0.50 0.90 0.84 0.09 5.39 10.35 15.74
5 2.33 0.20 0.43 0.04 0.07 0.50 0.90 0.86 0.09 5.44 10.58 16.02
10 2.29 0.21 0.46 0.05 0.09 0.50 0.90 0.88 0.10 5.48 10.83 16.31
15 2.26 0.21 0.50 0.05 0.11 0.50 0.90 0.90 0.10 5.53 11.08 16.61
20 2.23 0.21 0.53 0.06 0.13 0.50 0.90 0.92 0.10 5.59 11.35 16.93
25 2.20 0.21 0.57 0.06 0.14 0.50 0.90 0.95 0.10 5.64 11.63 17.27
30 2.17 0.22 0.60 0.07 0.16 0.50 0.90 0.97 0.10 5.70 11.92 17.62
35 2.14 0.22 0.64 0.07 0.18 0.50 0.90 0.99 0.11 5.76 12.23 17.98
40 2.11 0.22 0.67 0.07 0.20 0.50 0.90 1.02 0.11 5.82 12.55 18.37
45 2.09 0.23 0.70 0.08 0.22 0.50 0.90 1.05 0.11 5.88 12.89 18.78
50 2.06 0.23 0.74 0.08 0.24 0.50 0.90 1.08 0.12 5.95 13.26 19.21

Economic Cost of Operation of Big Cars on Four Lane Divided Expressways {Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.33 0.19 0.38 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.80 0.09 3.88 9.81 13.69
5 2.29 0.19 0.42 0.04 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.81 0.09 3.92 10.02 13.94
10 2.25 0.20 0.45 0.04 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.83 0.09 3.96 10.24 14.20
15 2.22 0.20 0.49 0.05 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.85 0.09 4.01 10.46 14.47
20 2.18 0.20 0.52 0.05 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.87 0.09 4.05 10.70 14.76
25 2.15 0.20 0.56 0.06 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.89 0.10 4.10 10.96 15.06
30 2.12 0.21 0.59 0.06 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.91 0.10 4.15 11.22 15.37
35 2.08 0.21 0.63 0.07 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.94 0.10 4.20 11.49 15.70
40 2.05 0.21 0.66 0.07 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.96 0.10 4.26 11.78 16.04
45 2.03 0.22 0.69 0.08 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.98 0.11 4.32 12.09 16.41
50 2.00 0.22 0.73 0.08 0.24 0.00 0.00 1.01 0.11 4.38 12.41 16.79
108
IRC:SP:30-2019
Economic Cost of Operation of Big Cars on Four Lane Divided Expressways (Rs/km)
Roughness = 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.33 0.21 0.40 0.04 0.05 0.25 0.45 0.83 0.09 4.65 10.16 14.82
5 2.30 0.21 0.43 0.05 0.07 0.25 0.45 0.85 0.09 4.70 10.39 15.09
10 2.26 0.21 0.47 0.05 0.09 0.25 0.45 0.86 0.09 4.74 10.63 15.37
15 2.23 0.21 0.50 0.05 0.11 0.25 0.45 0.88 0.10 4.79 10.87 15.66
20 2.19 0.22 0.54 0.06 0.13 0.25 0.45 0.91 0.10 4.84 11.13 15.97
25 2.16 0.22 0.57 0.06 0.14 0.25 0.45 0.93 0.10 4.89 11.40 16.29
30 2.13 0.22 0.61 0.07 0.16 0.25 0.45 0.95 0.10 4.95 11.69 16.63
35 2.10 0.23 0.64 0.07 0.18 0.25 0.45 0.98 0.11 5.01 11 .99 16.99
40 2.07 0.23 0.68 0.08 0.20 0.25 0.45 1.00 0.11 5.07 12.30 17.37
45 2.05 0.23 0.71 0.08 0.22 0.25 0.45 1.03 0.11 5.13 12.63 17.76
50 2.02 0.24 0.74 0.08 0.24 0.25 0.45 1.06 0.11 5.20 12.99 18.18

Economic Cost of Operation of Big Cars on Four Lane Divided Expressways (Rs/km)
Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.34 0.22 0.42 0.05 0.05 0.50 0.90 0.86 0.09 5.43 10.55 15.98
5 2.31 0.22 0.45 0.05 0.07 0.50 0.90 0.88 0.10 5.48 10.79 16.27
10 2.27 0.23 0.48 0.05 0.09 0.50 0.90 0.90 0.10 5.53 11 .05 16.58
15 2.24 0.23 0.52 0.06 0.11 0.50 0.90 0.92 0.10 5.58 11 .31 16.90
20 2.21 0.23 0.55 0.06 0.13 0.50 0.90 0.94 0.10 5.64 11 .59 17.23
25 2.18 0.24 0.59 0.07 0.14 0.50 0.90 0.97 0.10 5.69 11.89 17.58
30 2.15 0.24 0.62 0.07 0.16 0.50 0.90 0.99 0.11 5.75 12.20 17.95
35 2.12 0.24 0.66 0.08 0.18 0.50 0.90 1.02 0.11 5.82 12.52 18.34
40 2.10 0.25 0.69 0.08 0.20 0.50 0.90 1.05 0.11 5.88 12.87 18.75
45 2.07 0.25 0.73 0.08 0.22 0.50 0.90 1.08 0.12 5.95 13.23 19.18
50 2.05 0.26 0.76 0.09 0.24 0.50 0.90 1.11 0.12 6.02 13.62 19.64
109
IRC:SP:30-2019
Economic Cost of Operation of Big Cars on Six Lane Divided Expressways (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.37 0.18 0.37 0.03 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.78 0.08 3.87 9.55 13.43
5 2.33 0.19 0.41 0.04 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.79 0.09 3.91 9.75 13.66
10 2.29 0.19 0.44 0.04 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.81 0.09 3.95 9.96 13.91
15 2.25 0.19 0.48 0.05 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.83 0.09 3.99 10.18 14.17
20 2.22 0.19 0.51 0.05 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.85 0.09 4.04 10.40 14.44
25 2.18 0.20 0.55 0.05 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.87 0.09 4.08 10.64 14.72
30 2.15 0.20 0.58 0.06 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.89 0.10 4.13 10.89 15.02
35 2.11 0.20 0.62 0.06 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.91 0.10 4.18 11.15 15.33
40 2.08 0.20 0.65 0.07 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.93 0.10 4.23 11.42 15.65
45 2.05 0.21 0.68 0.07 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.95 0.10 4.29 11.70 15.99
50 2.02 0.21 0.72 0.08 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.98 0.11 4.34 12.00 16.35

Roughness = 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.37 0.19 0.38 0.04 0.05 0.25 0.45 0.80 0.09 4.63 9.89 14.52
5 2.33 0.19 0.42 0.04 0.07 0.25 0.45 0.82 0.09 4 .67 10.10 14.78
10 2.30 0.20 0.45 0.04 0.09 0.25 0.45 0.84 0.09 4.72 10.33 15.04
15 2.26 0.20 0.49 0.05 0.11 0.25 0.45 0.86 0.09 4.76 10.56 15.32
20 2.23 0.20 0.52 0.05 0.13 0.25 0.45 0.88 0.10 4 .81 10.81 15.61
25 2.19 0.20 0.56 0.06 0.14 0.25 0.45 0.90 0.10 4.86 11.06 15.92
30 2.16 0.21 0.59 0.06 0.16 0.25 0.45 0.92 0.10 4.91 11 .33 16.24
35 2.13 0.21 0.63 0.07 0.18 0.25 0.45 0.94 0.10 4.96 11.61 16.57
40 2.10 0.21 0.66 0.07 0.20 0.25 0.45 0.97 0.10 5.02 11.90 16.92
45 2.07 0.22 0.69 0.08 0.22 0.25 0.45 0.99 0.11 5.08 12.22 17.29
50 2.04 0.22 0.73 0.08 0.24 0.25 0.45 1.02 0.11 5.14 12.54 17.68
110
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.38 0.20 0.39 0.04 0.05 0.50 0.90 0.83 0.09 5.39 10.25 15.65
5 2.34 0.20 0.43 0.04 0.07 0.50 0.90 0.85 0.09 5.44 10.48 15.92
10 2.30 0.21 0.46 0.05 0.09 0.50 0.90 0.87 0.09 5.49 10.72 16.21
15 2.27 0.21 0.50 0.05 0.11 0.50 0.90 0.89 0.10 5.53 10.98 16.51
20 2.24 0.21 0.53 0.06 0.13 0.50 0.90 0.91 0.10 5.58 11.24 16.83
25 2.21 0.21 0.57 0.06 0.14 0.50 0.90 0.94 0.10 5.64 11.52 17.16
30 2.18 0.22 0.60 0.07 0.16 0.50 0.90 0.96 0.10 5.69 11.81 17.50
35 2.15 0.22 0.64 0.07 0.18 0.50 0.90 0.99 0.11 5.75 12.11 17.87
40 2.12 0.22 0.67 0.07 0.20 0.50 0.90 1.01 0.11 5.81 12.44 18.25
45 2.09 0.23 0.70 0.08 0.22 0.50 0.90 1.04 0.11 5.88 12.77 18.65
50 2.07 0.23 0.74 0.08 0.24 0.50 0.90 1.07 0.12 5.95 13.13 19.08

Economic Cost of Operation of Big Cars on Eight Lane Divided Urban Expressways (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.41 0.18 0.37 0.03 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.76 0.08 3.88 9.31 13.19
5 2.37 0.18 0.40 0.04 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.77 0.08 3.92 9.50 13.42
10 2.33 0.19 0.44 0.04 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.79 0.09 3.96 9.70 13.65
15 2.29 0.19 0.47 0.04 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.81 0.09 3.99 9.90 13.90
20 2.25 0.19 0.51 0.05 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.82 0.09 4.04 10.1 2 14.1 5
25 2.22 0.19 0.54 0.05 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.84 0.09 4.08 10.34 14.42
30 2.18 0.19 0.58 0.06 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.86 0.09 4.12 10.57 14.70
35 2.14 0.20 0.61 0.06 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.88 0.10 4.17 10.82 14.99
40 2.11 0.20 0.64 0.07 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.10 4.22 11.07 15.29
45 2.08 0.20 0.68 0.07 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.92 0.10 4.27 11.34 15.61
50 2.05 0.20 0.71 0.08 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.95 0.10 4.32 11.62 15.95
111
IRC :SP:30-2019
Roughness = 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.41 0.19 0.38 0.03 0.05 0.25 0.45 0.78 0.08 4.63 9.63 14.26
5 2.37 0.19 0.41 0.04 0.07 0.25 0.45 0.80 0.09 4 .67 9.84 14.50
10 2.33 0.19 0.45 0.04 0.09 0.25 0.45 0.82 0.09 4.71 10.05 14.76
15 2.29 0.19 0.48 0.05 0.11 0.25 0.45 0.84 0.09 4.75 10.27 15.02
20 2.26 0.20 0.51 0.05 0.1 3 0.25 0.45 0.85 0.09 4.80 10.50 15.29
25 2.22 0.20 0.55 0.06 0.14 0.25 0.45 0.87 0.09 4.84 10.74 15.58
30 2.19 0.20 0.58 0.06 0.16 0.25 0.45 0.89 0.10 4 .89 10.99 15.88
35 2.16 0.20 0.62 0.06 0.18 0.25 0.45 0.92 0.10 4 .94 11.25 16.20
40 2.13 0.21 0.65 0.07 0.20 0.25 0.45 0.94 0.10 5.00 11.53 16.53
45 2.10 0.21 0.69 0.07 0.22 0.25 0.45 0.96 0.10 5.05 11 .82 16.87
50 2.07 0.21 0.72 0.08 0.24 0.25 0.45 0.99 0.1 1 5.11 12.13 17.24

Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.41 0.19 0.38 0.04 0.05 0.50 0.90 0.81 0.09 5.38 9.98 15.36
5 2.37 0.19 0.42 0.04 0.07 0.50 0.90 0.83 0.09 5.43 10.19 15.62
10 2.34 0.20 0.45 0.04 0.09 0.50 0.90 0.85 0.09 5.47 10.42 15.89
15 2.30 0.20 0.49 0.05 0.11 0.50 0.90 0.87 0.09 5.51 10.66 16.17
20 2.27 0.20 0.52 0.05 0.13 0.50 0.90 0.89 0.10 5.56 10.91 16.47
25 2.24 0.20 0.56 0.06 0.14 0.50 0.90 0.91 0.10 5.61 11 .17 16.78
30 2.20 0.21 0.59 0.06 0.16 0.50 0.90 0.93 0.10 5.67 11.44 17.1 1
35 2.17 0.21 0.63 0.07 0.18 0.50 0.90 0.95 0.1 0 5.72 11.73 17.45
40 2.14 0.21 0.66 0.07 0.20 0.50 0.90 0.98 0.11 5.78 12.03 17.81
45 2.12 0.22 0.69 0.08 0.22 0.50 0.90 1.00 0.11 5.84 12.35 18.19
50 2 .09 0.22 0.73 0.08 0.24 0.50 0.90 1.03 0.11 5.90 12.68 18.58
112
IRC:SP:30-2O 19
Financial Cost of Operation of Big Cars on Single Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 4.81 0.33 0.84 0.09 0.11 0.00 0.00 1.16 0.22 7.55 4.74 12.29
5 4.74 0.33 0.91 0.10 0.15 0.00 0.00 1.22 0.23 7.68 5.00 12.69
10 4.69 0.34 0.98 0.11 0.19 0.00 0.00 1.29 0.25 7.84 5.30 13.13
15 4.65 0.34 1.05 0.12 0.23 0.00 0.00 1.37 0.26 8.01 5.62 13.64
20 4.62 0.35 1.12 0.12 0.27 0.00 0.00 1.46 0.28 8.22 5.99 14.21
25 4.61 0.35 1.19 0.13 0.31 0.00 0.00 1.56 0.30 8.46 6.41 14.87
30 4.62 0.36 1.26 0.14 0.35 0.00 0.00 1.68 0.32 8.73 6.90 15.63
35 4.66 0.36 1.33 0.15 0.38 0.00 0.00 1.82 0.35 9.05 7.47 16.52
40 4.72 0.37 1.40 0.16 0.42 0.00 0.00 1.98 0.38 9.43 8.13 17.57
45 4.82 0.37 1.47 0.17 0.46 0.00 0.00 2.18 0.42 9.89 8.93 18.82
50 4.96 0.38 1.55 0.18 0.50 0.00 0.00 2.41 0.46 10.43 9.90 20.33

Roughness = 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 4.89 0.38 0.90 0.11 0.11 0.45 0.81 1.21 0.23 9.09 4.96 14.05
5 4.84 0.38 0.97 0.11 0.15 0.45 0.81 1.28 0.24 9.24 5.25 14.49
10 4.79 0.39 1.04 0.12 0.19 0.45 0.81 1.36 0.26 9.41 5.57 14.98
15 4.77 0.39 1.11 0.13 0.23 0.45 0.81 1.45 0.28 9.61 5.93 15.55
20 4.76 0.40 1.18 0.14 0.27 0.45 0.81 1.55 0.30 9.85 6.35 16.19
25 4.76 0.41 1.25 0.15 0.31 0.45 0.81 1.66 0.32 10.12 6.82 16.94
30 4.79 0.41 1.32 0.16 0.35 0.45 0.81 1.80 0.34 10.43 7.37 17.81
35 4.85 0.42 1.39 0.17 0.38 0.45 0.81 1.95 0.37 10.81 8.02 18.83
40 4.94 0.43 1.46 0.18 0.42 0.45 0.81 2.14 0.41 11.25 8.80 20.05
45 5.07 0.44 1.53 0.18 0.46 0.45 0.81 2.37 0.45 11.78 9.74 21.52
50 5.26 0.45 1.60 0.19 0.50 0.45 0.81 2.66 0.51 12.43 10.90 23.34
113
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 4.99 0.44 0.96 0.12 0.11 0.90 1.62 1.27 0.24 10.65 5.20 15.86
5 4.94 0.45 1.03 0.13 0.15 0.90 1.62 1.34 0.26 10.83 5.52 16.34
10 4.91 0.46 1.10 0.14 0.19 0.90 1.62 1.43 0.27 11.03 5.87 16.90
15 4.90 0.47 1.17 0.15 0.23 0.90 1.62 1.53 0.29 11.26 6.28 17.54
20 4.90 0.48 1.24 0.16 0.27 0.90 1.62 1.64 0.31 11.52 6.74 18.27
25 4.93 0.49 1.31 0.17 0.31 0.90 1.62 1.77 0.34 11.84 7.28 19.12
30 4.98 0.50 1.38 0.18 0.35 0.90 1.62 1.93 0.37 12.20 7.92 20.12
35 5.07 0.51 1.45 0.18 0.38 0.90 1.62 2.11 0.40 12.63 8.67 21.30
40 5.19 0.52 1.52 0.19 0.42 0.90 1.62 2.33 0.45 13.15 9.58 22.73
45 5.37 0.53 1.59 0.20 0.46 0.90 1.62 2.61 0.50 13.79 10.71 24.50
50 5.62 0.54 1.66 0.21 0.50 0.90 1.62 2.96 0.57 14.58 12.13 26.72

Roughness = 5000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.09 0.54 1.02 0.14 0.11 1.35 2.43 1.33 0.25 12.26 5.47 17.73
5 5.06 0.55 1.09 0.15 0.15 1.35 2.43 1.42 0.27 12.46 5.82 18.28
10 5.04 0.56 1.16 0.16 0.19 1.35 2.43 1.51 0.29 12.69 6.21 18.91
15 5.05 0.58 1.23 0.17 0.23 1.35 2.43 1.62 0.31 12.96 6.67 19.63
20 5.07 0.59 1.30 0.17 0.27 1.35 2.43 1.75 0.34 13.27 7.19 20.46
25 5.12 0.61 1.37 0.18 0.31 1.35 2.43 1.90 0.36 13.63 7.81 21.44
30 5.20 0.62 1.44 0.19 0.35 1.35 2.43 2.08 0.40 14.06 8.54 22.60
35 5.32 0.64 1.51 0.20 0.38 1.35 2.43 2.30 0.44 14.57 9.43 23.99
40 5.48 0.65 1.58 0.21 0.42 1.35 2.43 2.56 0.49 15.19 10.52 25.70
45 5.72 0.67 1.65 0.22 0.46 1.35 2.43 2.90 0.55 15.96 11.89 27 .85
50 6.06 0.69 1.72 0.23 0.50 1.35 2.43 3.33 0.64 16.95 13.68 30.63
114
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness= 6000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.21 0.69 1.08 0.16 0.11 1.80 3.24 1.40 0.27 13.95 5.76 19.71
5 5.19 0.71 1.15 0.17 0.15 1.80 3.24 1.50 0.29 14.18 6.15 20.33
10 5.19 0.73 1.22 0.17 0.19 1.80 3.24 1.61 0.31 14.45 6.59 21.04
15 5.21 0.75 1.29 0.18 0.23 1.80 3.24 1.73 0.33 14.76 7.11 21 .87
20 5.25 0.77 1.36 0.19 0.27 1.80 3.24 1.88 0.36 15.12 7.71 22.83
25 5.33 0.80 1.43 0.20 0.31 1.80 3.24 2.05 0.39 15.54 8.42 23 .97
30 5.44 0.83 1.50 0.21 0.35 1.80 3.24 2.26 0.43 16.05 9.28 25.33
35 5.60 0.86 1.57 0.22 0.38 1.80 3.24 2.52 0.48 16.66 10.33 27.00
40 5.82 0.89 1.64 0.23 0.42 1.80 3.24 2.84 0.54 17.42 11.66 29.08
45 6.14 0.92 1.71 0.24 0.46 1.80 3.24 3.26 0.62 18.39 13.37 31.76
50 6.59 0.96 1.78 0.24 0.50 1.80 3.24 3.82 0.73 19.66 15.67 35.33

Roughness = 7000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.33 0.94 1.14 0.17 0.11 2.25 4.05 1.48 0.28 15.76 6.09 21 .85
5 5.33 0.98 1.21 0.18 0.15 2.25 4.05 1.59 0.30 16.04 6.52 22.56
10 5.35 1.02 1.28 0.19 0.19 2.25 4.05 1.71 0.33 16.36 7.02 23.39
15 5.39 1.07 1.35 0.20 0.23 2.25 4.05 1.85 0.35 16.74 7.61 24.35
20 5.46 1.12 1.42 0.21 0.27 2.25 4.05 2.02 0.39 17.18 8.31 25.48
25 5.56 1.17 1.49 0.22 0.31 2.25 4.05 2.23 0.43 17.70 9.14 26.84
30 5.71 1.23 1.56 0.23 0.35 2.25 4.05 2.47 0.47 18.32 10.16 28.48
35 5.93 1.30 1.63 0.23 0.38 2.25 4.05 2.79 0.53 19.09 11.43 30 .53
40 6.23 1.37 1.70 0.24 0.42 2.25 4.05 3.19 0.61 20.06 13.07 33.14
45 6.66 1.46 1.77 0.25 0.46 2.25 4.05 3.72 0.71 21.33 15.27 36.59
50 7.28 1.55 1.84 0.26 0.50 2.25 4.05 4.47 0.86 23 .06 18.34 41.40
115
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 8000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.47 1.51 1.20 0.19 0.1 1 2.70 4.86 1.57 0.30 17.91 6.45 24.36
5 5.49 1.62 1.27 0.20 0.15 2.70 4.86 1.69 0.32 18.29 6.94 25.23
10 5.52 1.73 1.34 0.21 0.19 2.70 4.86 1.83 0.35 18.73 7.51 26.24
15 5.59 1.87 1.41 0.22 0.23 2.70 4.86 2.00 0.38 19.24 8.19 27.43
20 5.69 2.02 1.48 0.23 0.27 2.70 4.86 2.19 0.42 19.85 9.00 28.85
25 5.83 2.21 1.55 0.23 0.31 2.70 4.86 2.43 0.47 20.58 9.99 30.57
30 6.03 2.43 1.62 0.24 0.35 2.70 4.86 2.73 0.52 21.48 11.22 32.70
35 6.32 2.70 1.69 0.25 0.38 2.70 4.86 3.12 0.60 22.62 12.79 35.41
40 6.72 3.05 1.76 0.26 0.42 2.70 4.86 3.63 0.69 24.09 14.88 38.97
45 7.31 3.49 1.83 0.27 0.46 2.70 4.86 4.33 0.83 26 .08 17.79 43.87
50 8.22 4.08 1.90 0.28 0.50 2.70 4.86 5.39 1.03 28.95 22.11 51.06

Financial Cost of Operation of Big Cars on Intermediate Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 4.92 0.30 0.80 0.08 0.11 0.00 0.00 1.05 0.20 7.47 4.31 11.78
5 4.83 0.31 0.87 0.09 0.15 0.00 0.00 1.10 0.21 7.57 4.53 12.10
10 4.75 0.31 0.94 0.10 0.19 0.00 0.00 1.17 0.22 7.68 4.79 12.47
15 4.69 0.31 1.01 0.10 0.23 0.00 0.00 1.23 0.24 7.82 5.07 12.89
20 4 .64 0.32 1.09 0.11 0.27 0.00 0.00 1.31 0.25 7.98 5.38 13.36
25 4.60 0.32 1.1 6 0.12 0.31 0.00 0.00 1.40 0.27 8.17 5.74 13.91
30 4.58 0.33 1.23 0.13 0.35 0.00 0.00 1.50 0.29 8.39 6.15 14.54
35 4.58 0.33 1.30 0.14 0.38 0.00 0.00 1.61 0.31 8.65 6.62 15.27
40 4.60 0.34 1.37 0.15 0.42 0.00 0.00 1.75 0.33 8.96 7.17 16.13
45 4 .66 0.34 1.44 0.16 0.46 0.00 0.00 1.90 0.36 9.32 7.82 17.14
50 4.74 0.35 1.51 0.17 0.50 0.00 0.00 2.09 0.40 9.76 8.60 18.35
116
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.01 0.33 0.84 0.09 0.11 0.45 0.81 1.08 0.21 8.93 4.44 13.37
5 4.92 0.33 0.91 0.10 0.15 0.45 0.81 1.14 0.22 9.04 4.68 13.72
10 4.85 0.34 0.98 0.11 0.19 0.45 0.81 1.21 0.23 9.17 4.95 14.12
15 4.79 0.34 1.06 0.12 0.23 0.45 0.81 1.28 0.25 9.32 5.25 14.57
20 4.75 0.35 1.13 0.12 0.27 0.45 0.81 1.36 0.26 9.50 5.59 15.09
25 4.72 0.35 1.20 0.13 0.31 0.45 0.81 1.46 0.28 9.71 5.98 15.69
30 4.72 0.36 1.27 0.14 0.35 0.45 0.81 1.57 0.30 9.95 6.43 16.38
35 4.73 0.36 1.34 0.15 0.38 0.45 0.81 1.69 0.32 10.24 6.94 17.19
40 4.77 0.37 1.41 0.16 0.42 0.45 0.81 1.84 0.35 10.58 7.55 18.13
45 4.84 0.37 1.48 0.17 0.46 0.45 0.81 2.02 0.39 10.99 8.28 19.26
50 4.96 0.38 1.55 0.18 0.50 0.45 0.81 2.23 0.43 11.48 9.15 20.63

Financial Cost of Operation of Big Cars on I ntermediate Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.09 0.36 0.88 0.10 0.11 0.90 1.62 1. 12 0.21 10.40 4.59 14.99
5 5.02 0.37 0.95 0.11 0.15 0.90 1.62 1 .18 0.23 10.52 4.85 15.37
10 4 .95 0.37 1.03 0.12 0.19 0.90 1.62 1.25 0.24 10.67 5.13 15.80
15 4.90 0.38 1.10 0.13 0.23 0.90 1.62 1.33 0.25 10.84 5.46 16.29
20 4.87 0.38 1.17 0.14 0.27 0.90 1.62 1.42 0.27 11.03 5.83 16.86
25 4.86 0.39 1.24 0.15 0.31 0.90 1.62 1.52 0.29 11.27 6.25 17.51
30 4.86 0.40 1.31 0.15 0.35 0.90 1.62 1.64 0.31 11.54 6.73 18.27
35 4.89 0.40 1.38 0.16 0.38 0.90 1.62 1.78 0.34 11.86 7.30 19.16
40 4.95 0.41 1.45 0.17 0.42 0.90 1.62 1.94 0.37 12.24 7.98 20.22
45 5.04 0.42 1.52 0.18 0.46 0.90 1.62 2.14 0.41 12.69 8.79 21.48
50 5.19 0.42 1.59 0.19 0.50 0.90 1.62 2.38 0.46 13.25 9.79 23.04
117
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 5000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.18 0.40 0.92 0.11 0.11 1.35 2.43 1.16 0.22 11.89 4.74 16.63
5 5.11 0.41 1.00 0.12 0.15 1.35 2.43 1.22 0.23 12.02 5.02 17.04
10 5.06 0.41 1.07 0.13 0.19 1.35 2.43 1.30 0.25 12.18 5.33 17.51
15 5.02 0.42 1.14 0.14 0.23 1.35 2.43 1.38 0.26 12.37 5.68 18.05
20 5.00 0.43 1.21 0.15 0.27 1.35 2.43 1.48 0.28 12.59 6.08 18.67
25 4.99 0.44 1.28 0.1 6 0.31 1.35 2.43 1.59 0.30 12.85 6.54 19.38
30 5.01 0.45 1.35 0.17 0.35 1.35 2.43 1.72 0.33 13.15 7.07 20.22
35 5.06 0.45 1.42 0.17 0.38 1.35 2.43 1.88 0.36 13.50 7.70 21 .21
40 5.14 0.46 1.49 0.18 0.42 1.35 2.43 2.06 0.39 13.93 8.46 22.39
45 5.26 0.47 1.56 0.19 0.46 1.35 2.43 2.28 0.44 14.45 9.37 23.82
50 5.44 0.48 1.63 0.20 0.50 1.35 2.43 2.56 0.49 15.08 10.51 25.60

Roughness = 6000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.28 0.45 0.97 0.12 0.11 1.80 3.24 1.20 0.23 13.39 4.91 18.30
5 5.22 0.46 1.04 0.13 0.15 1.80 3.24 1.27 0.24 13.54 5.20 18.74
10 5.17 0.47 1.11 0.14 0.19 1.80 3.24 1.35 0.26 13.72 5.54 19.26
15 5.14 0.48 1.18 0.15 0.23 1.80 3.24 1.44 0.28 13.93 5.91 19.84
20 5.13 0.49 1.25 0.16 0.27 1.80 3.24 1.55 0.30 14.17 6.35 20.52
25 5.14 0.50 1.32 0.17 0.31 1.80 3.24 1.67 0.32 14.46 6.85 21 .31
30 5.18 0.51 1.39 0.18 0.35 1.80 3.24 1.81 0.35 14.79 7.44 22.24
35 5.24 0.52 1.46 0.19 0.38 1.80 3.24 1.98 0.38 15.19 8.15 23.34
40 5.35 0.53 1.53 0.19 0.42 1.80 3.24 2.19 0.42 15.67 8.99 24.67
45 5.50 0.54 1.60 0.20 0.46 1.80 3.24 2.45 0.47 16.26 10.04 26.30
50 5.72 0.55 1.67 0.21 0.50 1.80 3.24 2.77 0.53 17.00 11.36 28.36
118
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 7000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.38 0.51 1.01 0.14 0.1 1 2.25 4.05 1.24 0.24 14.92 5.08 20.00
5 5.33 0.52 1.08 0.14 0.15 2.25 4.05 1.32 0.25 15.09 5.40 20.49
10 5.29 0.54 1.15 0.15 0.19 2.25 4.05 1.40 0.27 15.28 5.76 21.05
15 5.27 0.55 1.22 0.16 0.23 2.25 4.05 1.50 0.29 15.52 6.17 21.69
20 5.27 0.56 1.29 0.17 0.27 2.25 4 .05 1.62 0.31 15.79 6.65 22.44
25 5.30 0.57 1.36 0.18 0.31 2.25 4.05 1.75 0.34 16.10 7.20 23.31
30 5.35 0.59 1.43 0.19 0.35 2.25 4.05 1.91 0.37 16.48 7.86 24.34
35 5.44 0.60 1.50 0.20 0.38 2.25 4.05 2.11 0.40 16.93 8.64 25.57
40 5.58 0.62 1.57 0.21 0.42 2.25 4.05 2.34 0.45 17.48 9.61 27.08
45 5.77 0.63 1.64 0.21 0.46 2.25 4.05 2.63 0.50 18.15 10.81 28.96
50 6.04 0.65 1.71 0.22 0.50 2.25 4.05 3.01 0.58 19.01 12.35 31.36

Roughness = 8000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.48 0.60 1.05 0.15 0.11 2.70 4.86 1.28 0.25 16.47 5.27 21.74
5 5.44 0.61 1.12 0.16 0.15 2.70 4.86 1.37 0.26 16.66 5.62 22.28
10 5.42 0.63 1.19 0.16 0.19 2.70 4.86 1.46 0.28 16.88 6.01 22.89
15 5.41 0.64 1.26 0.17 0.23 2.70 4.86 1.57 0.30 17.14 6.45 23.60
20 5.43 0.66 1.33 0.18 0.27 2.70 4.86 1.70 0.33 17.45 6.98 24.42
25 5.47 0.68 1.40 0.19 0.31 2.70 4.86 1.85 0.35 17.80 7.59 25.39
30 5.54 0.70 1.47 0.20 0.35 2.70 4.86 2.03 0.39 18.23 8.32 26.55
35 5.66 0.72 1.54 0.21 0.38 2.70 4.86 2.24 0.43 18.74 9.21 27.95
40 5.82 0.74 1.61 0.22 0.42 2.70 4.86 2.51 0.48 19.36 10.31 29.67
45 6.06 0.77 1.68 0.23 0.46 2.70 4.86 2.85 0.55 20.15 11.70 31 .85
50 6.40 0.79 1.75 0.23 0.50 2.70 4.86 3.30 0.63 21 .17 13.54 34.71
119
IRC:SP:30-2019
Financial Cost of Operation of Big Cars on Two Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.11 0.29 0.79 0.07 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.95 0.18 7.50 5.22 12.72
5 4.99 0.30 0.86 0.08 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.99 0.19 7.56 5.48 13.04
10 4.88 0.30 0.93 0.09 0.19 0.00 0.00 1.05 0.20 7.64 5.78 13.42
15 4.79 0.30 1.00 0.10 0.23 0.00 0.00 1.11 0.21 7.73 6.11 13.84
20 4.71 0.31 1.07 0.11 0.27 0.00 0.00 1.17 0.22 7.85 6.48 14.33
25 4.64 0.31 1.14 0.12 0.31 0.00 0.00 1.25 0.24 8.00 6.89 14.89
30 4.59 0.31 1.21 0.13 0.35 0.00 0.00 1.34 0.26 8.17 7.37 15.54
35 4.56 0.32 1.28 0.13 0.38 0.00 0.00 1.43 0.27 8.38 7.91 16.29
40 4.55 0.32 1.35 0.14 0.42 0.00 0.00 1.55 0.30 8.63 8.54 17.17
45 4.56 0.33 1.42 0.15 0.46 0.00 0.00 1.68 0.32 8.92 9.28 18.20
50 4.60 0.33 1.49 0.16 0.50 0.00 0.00 1.84 0.35 9.28 10.15 19.43

Roughness = 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.19 0.31 0.82 0.08 0.11 0.45 0.81 0.97 0.19 8.92 5.34 14.27
5 5.07 0.32 0.89 0.09 0.15 0.45 0.81 1.02 0.20 8.99 5.62 14.62
10 4.97 0.32 0.96 0.10 0.19 0.45 0.81 1.08 0.21 9.08 5.93 15.01
15 4.88 0.32 1.03 0.11 0.23 0.45 0.81 1.14 0.22 9.19 6.28 15.47
20 4.81 0.33 1.10 0.12 0.27 0.45 0.81 1.21 0.23 9.32 6.67 15.99
25 4.75 0.33 1.17 0.13 0.31 0.45 0.81 1.29 0.25 9.48 7.11 16.59
30 4.71 0.34 1.24 0.13 0.35 0.45 0.81 1.38 0.26 9.67 7.62 17.29
35 4.68 0.34 1.31 0.14 0.38 0.45 0.81 1.49 0.28 9.89 8.20 18.09
40 4.68 0.35 1.38 0.15 0.42 0.45 0.81 1.61 0.31 10.16 8.88 19.04
45 4.71 0.35 1.45 0.16 0.46 0.45 0.81 1.75 0.34 10.49 9.68 20.17
50 4.77 0.36 1.52 0.17 0.50 0.45 0.81 1.93 0.37 10.88 10.64 21.52
120
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.27 0.33 0.85 0.09 0.11 0.90 1.62 0.99 0.19 10.35 5.47 15.83
5 5.16 0.34 0.92 0.10 0.15 0.90 1.62 1.05 0.20 10.43 5.77 16.20
10 5.06 0.34 0.99 0.11 0.19 0.90 1.62 1.10 0.21 10.53 6.10 16.62
15 4.98 0.35 1.06 0.12 0.23 0.90 1.62 1.17 0.22 10.65 6.46 17.11
20 4.91 0.35 1.13 0.13 0.27 0.90 1.62 1.25 0.24 10.79 6.88 17.67
25 4.86 0.36 1.20 0.14 0.31 0.90 1.62 1.33 0.25 10.97 7.35 18.31
30 4.83 0.36 1.27 0.14 0.35 0.90 1.62 1.43 0.27 11.18 7.89 19.06
35 4.82 0.37 1.34 0.15 0.38 0.90 1.62 1.54 0.30 11.42 8.51 19.93
40 4.83 0.37 1.41 0.16 0.42 0.90 1.62 1.68 0.32 11.72 9.24 20.96
45 4.87 0.38 1.48 0.17 0.46 0.90 1.62 1.83 0.35 12.07 10.12 22.19
50 4.95 0.39 1.55 0.18 0.50 0.90 1.62 2.02 0.39 12.50 11.17 23.67

Roughness = 5000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.35 0.36 0.88 0.10 0.11 1.35 2.43 1.02 0.19 11.79 5.61 17.40
5 5.25 0.36 0.95 0.11 0.15 1.35 2.43 1.07 0.21 11.88 5.92 17.80
10 5.16 0.37 1.02 0.1 2 0.19 1.35 2.43 1.14 0.22 11.99 6.27 18.25
15 5.08 0.38 1.09 0.13 0.23 1.35 2.43 1.21 0.23 12.12 6.66 18.78
20 5.02 0.38 1.16 0.14 0.27 1.35 2.43 1.29 0.25 12.28 7.09 19.37
25 4.98 0.39 1.23 0.14 0.31 1.35 2.43 1.38 0.26 12.47 7.60 20.07
30 4.96 0.39 1.30 0.15 0.35 1.35 2.43 1.48 0.28 12.70 8.18 20.87
35 4.96 0.40 1.37 0.16 0.38 1.35 2.43 1.60 0.31 12.97 8.85 21.82
40 4.98 0.41 1.44 0.17 0.42 1.35 2.43 1.75 0.33 13.29 9.64 22.93
45 5.04 0.41 1.51 0.18 0.46 1.35 2.43 1.92 0.37 13.68 10.60 24 .28
50 5.14 0.42 1.59 0.19 0.50 1.35 2.43 2.13 0.41 14.16 11.76 25.91
121
IRC :SP:30-2019
Roughness = 6000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.44 0.39 0.91 0.11 0.11 1.80 3.24 1.04 0.20 13.24 5.76 18.99
5 5.34 0.39 0.98 0.12 0.15 1.80 3.24 1.10 0.21 13.34 6.08 19.42
10 5.26 0.40 1.05 0.13 0.19 1.80 3.24 1.17 0.22 13.46 6.45 19.90
15 5.19 0.41 1.12 0.14 0.23 1.80 3.24 1.24 0.24 13.60 6.86 20.46
20 5.13 0.42 1.19 0.14 0.27 1.80 3.24 1.33 0.25 13.78 7.33 21.10
25 5.10 0.42 1.27 0.15 0.31 1.80 3.24 1.43 0.27 13.98 7.86 21.85
30 5.09 0.43 1.34 0.16 0.35 1.80 3.24 1.54 0.29 14.23 8.49 22.72
35 5.10 0.44 1.41 0.17 0.38 1.80 3.24 1.67 0.32 14.53 9.21 23.74
40 5.14 0.45 1.48 0.18 0.42 1.80 3.24 1.83 0.35 14.88 10.08 24.96
45 5.22 0.45 1.55 0.19 0.46 1.80 3.24 2.02 0.39 15.31 11.12 26.44
50 5.35 0.46 1.62 0.20 0.50 1.80 3.24 2.25 0.43 15.84 12.41 28.25

Financial Cost of Operation of Big Cars on Four Lane Divided Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.48 0.29 0.79 0.07 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.82 0.16 7.72 10.00 17.73
5 5.39 0.30 0.86 0.08 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.84 0.16 7.78 10.22 17.99
10 5.31 0.30 0.93 0.09 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.86 0.16 7.84 10.44 18.28
15 5.23 0.30 1.00 0.10 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.88 0.17 7.90 10.67 18.57
20 5.15 0.31 1.07 0.11 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.17 7.97 10.92 18.88
25 5.07 0.31 1.14 0.12 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.92 0.18 8.04 11.17 19.21
30 4.99 0.31 1.21 0.13 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.94 0.18 8.11 11.44 19.55
35 4.92 0.32 1.28 0.13 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.97 0.18 8.19 11.72 19.91
40 4.85 0.32 1.35 0.14 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.99 0.19 8.27 12.02 20.29
45 4.79 0.33 1.42 0.15 0.46 0.00 0.00 1.02 0.19 8.36 12.33 20.68
50 4.72 0.33 1.49 0.16 0.50 0.00 0.00 1.04 0.20 8.45 12.65 21.10
122
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.50 0.31 0.82 0.08 0.11 0.45 0.81 0.85 0.16 9.09 10.37 19.46
5 5.41 0.32 0.89 0.09 0.15 0.45 0.81 0.87 0.17 9.16 10.60 19.75
10 5.33 0.32 0.96 0.10 0.19 0.45 0.81 0.89 0.17 9.22 10.84 20.06
15 5.25 0.32 1.03 0.11 0.23 0.45 0.81 0.91 0.17 9.29 11.09 20.38
20 5.18 0.33 1.10 0.12 0.27 0.45 0.81 0.94 0.18 9.36 11 .35 20.72
25 5.11 0.33 1.17 0.13 0.31 0.45 0.81 0.96 0.18 9.44 11.63 21.07
30 5.04 0.34 1.24 0.13 0.35 0.45 0.81 0.98 0.19 9.52 11.92 21.44
35 4.97 0.34 1.31 0.14 0.38 0.45 0.81 1.01 0.19 9.61 12.22 21.83
40 4.90 0.35 1.38 0.15 0.42 0.45 0.81 1.03 0.20 9.70 12.54 22.24
45 4.84 0.35 1.45 0.16 0.46 0.45 0.81 1.06 0.20 9.79 12.88 22.68
50 4.78 0.36 1.52 0.17 0.50 0.45 0.81 1.09 0.21 9.89 13.24 23.13

Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.52 0.33 0.85 0.09 0.11 0.90 1.62 0.89 0.17 10.48 10.76 21.24
5 5.44 0.34 0.92 0.10 0.15 0.90 1.62 0.91 0.17 10.55 11.00 21.55
10 5.36 0.34 0.99 0.11 0.19 0.90 1.62 0.93 0.18 10.62 11.26 21 .88
15 5.29 0.35 1.06 0.12 0.23 0.90 1.62 0.95 0.18 10.70 11.54 22 .23
20 5.22 0.35 1.13 0.13 0.27 0.90 1.62 0.97 0.19 10.78 11.82 22 .60
25 5.15 0.36 1.20 0.14 0.31 0.90 1.62 1.00 0.19 10.86 12.12 22.98
30 5.09 0.36 1.27 0.14 0.35 0.90 1.62 1.02 0.20 10.95 12.44 23.39
35 5.02 0.37 1.34 0.15 0.38 0.90 1.62 1.05 0.20 11.04 12.77 23.82
40 4.96 0.37 1.41 0.16 0.42 0.90 1.62 1.08 0.21 11.14 13.12 24.27
45 4.91 0.38 1.48 0.17 0.46 0.90 1.62 1.11 0.21 11.25 13.49 24 .74
50 4.85 0.39 1.55 0.18 0.50 0.90 1.62 1.14 0.22 11.36 13.89 25.24
123
IRC:SP:30-2019
Financial Cost of Operation of Big Cars on Six Lane Divided Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.60 0.28 0.77 0.07 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.79 0.15 7.77 9.65 17.42
5 5.51 0.28 0.84 0.08 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.81 0.1 6 7.82 9.85 17.67
10 5.42 0.29 0.91 0.08 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.83 0.16 7.87 10.06 17.93
15 5.33 0.29 0.98 0.09 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.85 0.16 7.93 10.27 18.20
20 5.25 0.29 1.05 0.10 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.87 0.17 7.99 10.50 18.49
25 5.17 0.30 1.12 0.11 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.88 0.17 8.05 10.74 18.79
30 5.09 0.30 1.19 0.12 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.91 0.17 8.1 2 10.99 19.11
35 5.01 0.30 1.26 0.13 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.93 0.1 8 8.19 11 .25 19.44
40 4.93 0.31 1.33 0.14 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.95 0.18 8.26 11 .53 19.79
45 4.86 0.31 1.40 0.15 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.97 0.19 8.34 11.82 20.16
50 4.79 0.32 1.47 0.15 0.50 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.19 8.43 12.1 2 20.54

Roughness = 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.61 0.29 0.79 0.07 0.11 0.45 0.81 0.82 0.16 9.11 9.99 19.10
5 5.52 0.30 0.86 0.08 0.15 0.45 0.81 0.84 0.16 9.17 10.20 19.37
10 5.44 0.30 0.93 0.09 0.19 0.45 0.81 0.86 0.16 9.22 10.43 19.65
15 5.35 0.30 1.00 0.10 0.23 0.45 0.81 0.88 0.17 9.29 10.66 19.95
20 5.27 0.31 1.07 0.11 0.27 0.45 0.81 0.90 0.17 9.35 10.91 20.26
25 5.1 9 0.31 1.14 0.12 0.31 0.45 0.81 0.92 0.18 9.42 11.17 20.59
30 5.12 0.31 1.21 0.13 0.35 0.45 0.81 0.94 0.18 9.50 11.44 20.93
35 5.05 0.32 1.28 0.13 0.38 0.45 0.81 0.97 0.18 9.57 11.72 21.29
40 4.98 0.32 1.35 0.14 0.42 0.45 0.81 0.99 0.19 9.66 12.02 21.67
45 4.91 0.33 1.42 0.15 0.46 0.45 0.81 1.02 0.19 9.74 12.33 22.07
50 4.85 0.33 1.49 0.16 0.50 0.45 0.81 1.04 0.20 9.83 12.66 22.50
124
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.63 0.30 0.81 0.08 0.11 0.90 1.62 0.85 0.16 10.46 10.35 20.81
5 5.54 0.31 0.88 0.09 0.15 0.90 1.62 0.87 0.17 10.52 10.58 21.11
10 5.46 0.31 0.95 0.10 0.19 0.90 1.62 0.89 0.17 10.59 10.83 21.41
15 5.38 0.32 1.02 0.11 0.23 0.90 1.62 0.91 0.17 10.66 11.08 21.74
20 5.30 0.32 1.09 0.11 0.27 0.90 1.62 0.93 0.18 10.73 11.35 22.08
25 5.23 0.32 1.16 0.12 0.31 0.90 1.62 0.96 0.18 10.80 11.63 22.43
30 5.16 0.33 1.23 0.13 0.35 0.90 1.62 0.98 0.19 10.89 11.92 22.81
35 5.09 0.33 1.30 0.14 0.38 0.90 1.62 1.01 0.19 10.97 12.23 23.20
40 5.03 0.34 1.37 0.15 0.42 0.90 1.62 1.03 0.20 11 .06 12.55 23.61
45 4.97 0.34 1.44 0.16 0.46 0.90 1.62 1.06 0.20 11 .16 12.89 24.05
50 4.91 0.35 1.51 0.17 0.50 0.90 1.62 1.09 0.21 11.26 13.26 24.51

Financial Cost of Operation of Big Cars on Four Lane Divided Expressways Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.55 0.29 0.79 0.07 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.81 0.15 7.77 9.81 17.58
5 5.45 0.30 0.86 0.08 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.83 0.16 7.82 10.02 17.84
10 5.37 0.30 0.93 0.09 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.84 0.16 7.88 10.24 18.11
15 5.28 0.30 1.00 0.10 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.86 0.17 7.93 10.46 18.40
20 5.20 0.31 1.07 0.11 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.88 0.17 8.00 10.70 18.70
25 5.12 0.31 1.14 0.12 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.17 8.06 10.96 19.02
30 5.04 0.31 1.21 0.13 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.92 0.18 8.13 11.22 19.35
35 4.96 0.32 1.28 0.13 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.95 0.18 8.21 11.49 19.70
40 4.89 0.32 1.35 0.14 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.97 0.19 8.29 11.78 20.07
45 4.82 0.33 1.42 0.15 0.46 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.19 8.37 12.09 20.46
50 4.75 0.33 1.49 0.16 0.50 0.00 0.00 1.02 0.20 8.46 12.41 20.86
125
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness= 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.56 0.31 0.82 0.08 0.11 0.45 0.81 0.84 0.16 9.13 10.16 19.30
5 5.47 0.32 0.89 0.09 0.15 0.45 0.81 0.86 0.16 9.19 10.39 19.58
10 5.38 0.32 0.96 0.10 0.19 0.45 0.81 0.88 0.17 9.25 10.63 19.88
15 5.30 0.32 1.03 0.11 0.23 0.45 0.81 0.90 0.17 9.32 10.87 20.19
20 5.22 0.33 1.10 0.12 0.27 0.45 0.81 0.92 0.18 9.39 11.13 20.52
25 5.15 0.33 1.17 0.13 0.31 0.45 0.81 0.94 0.18 9.46 11.40 20.86
30 5.07 0.34 1.24 0.13 0.35 0.45 0.81 0.96 0.18 9.54 11.69 21.23
35 5.00 0.34 1.31 0.14 0.38 0.45 0.81 0.99 0.19 9.62 11.99 21 .61
40 4.94 0.35 1.38 0.15 0.42 0.45 0.81 1.01 0.1 9 9.71 12.30 22.01
45 4.87 0.35 1.45 0.16 0.46 0.45 0.81 1.04 0.20 9.80 12.63 22.43
50 4.81 0.36 1.52 0.17 0.50 0.45 0.81 1.07 0.20 9.89 12.99 22.88

Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.57 0.33 0.85 0.09 0.11 0.90 1.62 0.87 0.17 10.51 10.55 21 .06
5 5.49 0.34 0.92 0.10 0.15 0.90 1.62 0.89 0.17 10.58 10.79 21.37
10 5.41 0.34 0.99 0.11 0.19 0.90 1.62 0.91 0.17 10.64 11.05 21 .69
15 5.33 0.35 1.06 0.12 0.23 0.90 1.62 0.93 0.18 10.72 11.31 22.03
20 5.26 0.35 1.13 0.13 0.27 0.90 1.62 0.96 0.18 10.79 11.59 22.39
25 5.19 0.36 1.20 0.14 0.31 0.90 1.62 0.98 0.19 10.87 11.89 22.76
30 5.12 0.36 1.27 0.14 0.35 0.90 1.62 1.00 0.19 10.96 12.20 23.16
35 5.05 0.37 1.34 0.15 0.38 0.90 1.62 1.03 0.20 11.05 12.52 23.57
40 4.99 0.37 1.41 0.16 0.42 0.90 1.62 1.06 0.20 11.15 12.87 24.01
45 4.93 0.38 1.48 0.17 0.46 0.90 1.62 1.09 0.21 11 .25 13.23 24.48
50 4.88 0.39 1.55 0.18 0.50 0.90 1.62 1.12 0.21 11.35 13.62 24.97
126
IRC:SP:30-2019
Financial Cost of Operation of Big Cars on Six Lane Divided Expressways Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.64 0.28 0.77 0.07 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.79 0.15 7.80 9.55 17.35
5 5.54 0.28 0.84 0.08 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.80 0.15 7.84 9.75 17.60
10 5.45 0.29 0.91 0.08 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.82 0.16 7.90 9.96 17.85
15 5.36 0.29 0.98 0.09 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.84 0.16 7.95 10.18 18.12
20 5.28 0.29 1.05 0.10 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.86 0.16 8.01 10.40 18.41
25 5.19 0.30 1.12 0.11 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.88 0.17 8.07 10.64 18.71
30 5.11 0.30 1.19 0.12 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.17 8.13 10.89 19.02
35 5.03 0.30 1.26 0.13 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.92 0.18 8.20 11.15 19.35
40 4.95 0.31 1.33 0.14 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.94 0.18 8.27 11.42 19.69
45 4.88 0.31 1.40 0.15 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.96 0.18 8.35 11.70 20.05
50 4.81 0.32 1.47 0.15 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.99 0.1 9 8.43 12.00 20.44

Roughness = 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.64 0.29 0.79 0.07 0.11 0.45 0.81 0.81 0.16 9.13 9.89 19.03
5 5.55 0.30 0.86 0.08 0.15 0.45 0.81 0.83 0.16 9.19 10.10 19.29
10 5.46 0.30 0.93 0.09 0.19 0.45 0.81 0.85 0.16 9.24 10.33 19.57
15 5.38 0.30 1.00 0.10 0.23 0.45 0.81 0.87 0.1 7 9.30 10.56 19.86
20 5.30 0.31 1.07 0.11 0.27 0.45 0.81 0.89 0.17 9.37 10.81 20.17
25 5.22 0.31 1.14 0.12 0.31 0.45 0.81 0.91 0.17 9.43 11.06 20.49
30 5.14 0.31 1.21 0.13 0.35 0.45 0.81 0.93 0.18 9.51 11 .33 20.83
35 5.07 0.32 1.28 0.13 0.38 0.45 0.81 0.96 0.18 9.58 11.61 21.19
40 4.99 0.32 1.35 0.14 0.42 0.45 0.81 0.98 0.19 9.66 11.90 21.57
45 4.93 0.33 1.42 0.15 0.46 0.45 0.81 1.01 0.19 9.75 12.22 21.96
50 4.86 0.33 1.49 0.16 0.50 0.45 0.81 1.03 0.20 9.84 12.54 22.38
127
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.65 0.30 0.81 0.08 0.11 0.90 1.62 0.84 0.16 10.48 10.25 20.74
5 5.57 0.31 0.88 0.09 0.15 0.90 1.62 0.86 0.17 10.54 10.48 21.02
10 5.48 0.31 0.95 0.10 0.19 0.90 1.62 0.88 0.17 10.60 10.72 21 .33
15 5.40 0.32 1.02 0.11 0.23 0.90 1.62 0.90 0.17 10.67 10.98 21.65
20 5.33 0.32 1.09 0.1 1 0.27 0.90 1.62 0.93 0.18 10.74 11.24 21.98
25 5.25 0.32 1.16 0.12 0.31 0.90 1.62 0.95 0.18 10.81 11.52 22.33
30 5.18 0.33 1.23 0.13 0.35 0.90 1.62 0.97 0.19 10.89 11.81 22.70
35 5.11 0.33 1.30 0.14 0.38 0.90 1.62 1.00 0.19 10.98 12.11 23 .09
40 5.04 0.34 1.37 0.15 0.42 0.90 1.62 1.02 0.20 11.06 12.44 23.50
45 4.98 0.34 1.44 0.16 0.46 0.90 1.62 1.05 0.20 11 .16 12.77 23.93
50 4.92 0.35 1.51 0.17 0.50 0.90 1.62 1.08 0.21 11.26 13.13 24.39

Financial Cost of Operation of Big Cars on Eight Lane Divided Urban Expressways Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.73 0.27 0.75 0.06 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.77 0.15 7.85 9.31 17.16
5 5.64 0.28 0.83 0.07 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.78 0.15 7.89 9.50 17.39
10 5.54 0.28 0.90 0.08 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.80 0.15 7.94 9.70 17.64
15 5.45 0.28 0.97 0.09 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.82 0.16 7.99 9.90 17.89
20 5.36 0.29 1.04 0.10 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.83 0.16 8.04 10.12 18.16
25 5.27 0.29 1.11 0.11 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.85 0.16 8.10 10.34 18.44
30 5.19 0.29 1.18 0.12 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.87 0.17 8.16 10.57 18.73
35 5.10 0.30 1.25 0.13 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.89 0.17 8.22 10.82 19.04
40 5.03 0.30 1.32 0.13 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.91 0.17 8.29 11.07 19.36
45 4.95 0.31 1.39 0.14 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.93 0.18 8.36 11 .34 19.70
50 4.87 0.31 1.46 0.15 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.96 0.18 8.44 11 .62 20.06
128
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.73 0.28 0.77 0.07 0.11 0.45 0.81 0.79 0.15 9.17 9.63 18.80
5 5.64 0.29 0.84 0.08 0.1 5 0.45 0.81 0.81 0.16 9.22 9.84 19.05
10 5.55 0.29 0.91 0.09 0.19 0.45 0.81 0.83 0.16 9.27 10.05 19.32
15 5.46 0.29 0.98 0.10 0.23 0.45 0.81 0.85 0.16 9.33 10.27 19.59
20 5.38 0.30 1.05 0.10 0.27 0.45 0.81 0.86 0.17 9.38 10.50 19.88
25 5.29 0.30 1.12 0.11 0.31 0.45 0.81 0.88 0.17 9.45 10.74 20.19
30 5.21 0.30 1.19 0.12 0.35 0.45 0.81 0.91 0.17 9.51 10.99 20.50
35 5.13 0.31 1.26 0.13 0.38 0.45 0.81 0.93 0.18 9.58 11 .25 20.84
40 5.06 0.31 1.33 0.14 0.42 0.45 0.81 0.95 0.18 9.66 11.53 21.19
45 4.99 0.32 1.40 0.15 0.46 0.45 0.81 0.97 0.19 9.74 11.82 21.56
50 4.92 0.32 1.47 0.16 0.50 0.45 0.81 1.00 0.19 9.82 12.13 21.95

Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 5.74 0.29 0.79 0.07 0.11 0.90 1.62 0.82 0.16 10.50 9.98 20.48
5 5.65 0.30 0.86 0.08 0.15 0.90 1.62 0.84 0.16 10.55 10.19 20.75
10 5.56 0.30 0.93 0.09 0.19 0.90 1.62 0.86 0.16 10.61 10.42 21.03
15 5.48 0.30 1.00 0.10 0.23 0.90 1.62 0.88 0.17 10.67 10.66 21 .33
20 5.40 0.31 1.07 0.11 0.27 0.90 1.62 0.90 0.17 10.74 10.91 21.65
25 5.32 0.31 1.14 0.12 0.31 0.90 1.62 0.92 0.18 10.81 11 .17 21.98
30 5.24 0.31 1.21 0.13 0.35 0.90 1.62 0.94 0.18 10.88 11.44 22 .32
35 5.17 0.32 1.28 0.13 0.38 0.90 1.62 0.97 0.18 10.96 11.73 22 .69
40 5.10 0.32 1.35 0.14 0.42 0.90 1.62 0.99 0.19 11.04 12.03 23.07
45 5.03 0.33 1.42 0.15 0.46 0.90 1.62 1.02 0.19 11 .13 12.35 23.47
50 4.97 0.33 1.49 0.16 0.50 0.90 1.62 1.04 0.20 11.22 12.68 23.90
129
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table voe Two Wheelers 1
Economic Cost of Operation of Two Wheelers on Single Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness= 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 0.71 0.07 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.28 0.05 1.23 1.21 2.44
5 0.70 0.07 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.30 0.05 1.28 1.30 2.58
10 0.70 0.07 0.03 0.05 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.33 0.06 1.33 1.40 2.73
15 0.71 0.08 0.04 0.06 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.35 0.06 1.40 1.51 2.91
20 0.72 0.08 0.05 0.06 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.38 0.07 1.48 1.64 3.13
25 0.74 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.42 0.07 1.58 1.80 3.38
30 0.78 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.47 0.08 1.70 2.00 3.70
35 0.82 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.52 0.09 1.84 2.24 4.08
40 0.89 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.59 0.10 2.02 2.55 4.57
45 0.98 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.69 0.12 2.25 2.95 5.20
50 1.10 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.82 0.14 2.57 3.51 6.07

Roughness = 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 0.69 0.08 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.03 0.30 0.05 1.35 1.28 2.63
5 0.69 0.08 0.03 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.03 0.32 0.06 1.40 1.38 2.78
10 0.70 0.09 0.04 0.06 0.09 0.06 0.03 0.35 0.06 1.47 1.49 2.96
15 0.71 0.09 0.05 0.07 0.11 0.06 0.03 0.38 0.07 1.55 1.62 3.17
20 0.73 0.09 0.06 0.07 0.13 0.06 0.03 0.41 0.07 1.64 1.77 3.42
25 0.76 0.09 0.06 0.07 0.14 0.06 0.03 0.46 0.08 1.76 1.96 3.72
30 0.81 0.09 0.07 0.08 0.16 0.06 0.03 0.51 0.09 1.89 2.19 4.09
35 0.87 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.18 0.06 0.03 0.58 0.10 2.07 2.49 4.56
40 0.95 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.20 0.06 0.03 0.67 0.12 2.29 2.87 5.16
45 1.07 0.10 0. 09 0.09 0.22 0.06 0.03 0.79 0.14 2.59 3.40 5.99
-·---
50 1.25 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.24 0.06 0.03 0.97 0.17 3.00 4.16 7.17
130
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 0.69 0.10 0.03 0.06 0.05 0.14 0.08 0.32 0.06 1.51 1.36 2.88
5 0.69 0.10 0.04 0.07 0.07 0.14 0.08 0.34 0.06 1.58 1.47 3.05
10 0.70 0.10 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.14 0.08 0.37 0.07 1.66 1.60 3.25
15 0.72 0.10 0.05 0.07 0.11 0.14 0.08 0.41 0.07 1.75 1.75 3.49
20 0.75 0.11 0.06 0.08 0.13 0.14 0.08 0.45 0.08 1.86 1.93 3.79
25 0.79 0.11 0.07 0.08 0.14 0.14 0.08 0.50 0.09 1.99 2.15 4.14
30 0.85 0.11 0.08 0.09 0.16 0.14 0.08 0.57 0.10 2.16 2.43 4.59
35 0.93 0.11 0.08 0.09 0.18 0.14 0.08 0.65 0.11 2.37 2.80 5.17
40 1.04 0.11 0.09 0.10 0.20 0.14 0.08 0.77 0.13 2.66 3.30 5.95
45 1.20 0.12 0.10 0.10 0.22 0.14 0.08 0.93 0.16 3.05 4.01 7.06
50 1.46 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.24 0.14 0.08 1.19 0.21 3.64 5.12 8.76

Roughness = 5000
Cost Cost Cost
0 0.68 0.12 0.04 0.07 0.05 0.22 0.12 0.34 0.06 1.70 1.45 3.15
5 0.69 0.12 0.05 0.07 0.07 0.22 0.12 0.37 0.06 1.77 1.57 3.34
10 0.71 0.12 0.05 0.08 0.09 0.22 0.12 0.40 0.07 1.86 1.72 3.58
15 0.73 0.13 0.06 0.08 0.11 0.22 0.12 0.44 0.08 1.97 1.89 3.86
20 0.77 0.13 0.07 0.09 0.13 0.22 0.12 0.49 0.09 2.10 2.11 4.21
25 0.83 0.13 0.08 0.09 0.14 0.22 0.12 0.55 0.10 2.26 2.38 4.64
30 0.90 0.14 0.08 0.10 0.16 0.22 0.12 0.64 0.11 2.47 2.73 5.20
35 1.01 0.14 0.09 0.10 0.18 0.22 0.12 0.75 0.13 2.74 3.20 5.94
40 1.16 0.14 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.22 0.12 0.90 0.16 3.11 3.87 6.98
45 1.40 0.15 0.11 0.11 0.22 0.22 0.12 1.14 0.20 3.66 4.89 8.55
50 1.81 0.15 0.11 0.11 0.24 0.22 0.12 1.55 0.27 4.58 6.63 11.22
131
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC Two Wheelers 5
Roughness = 6000
Cost Cost Cost
0 0.68 0.1 5 0.05 0.08 0.05 0.30 0.17 0.36 0.06 1.90 1.55 3.45
5 0.70 0.16 0.05 0.08 0.07 0.30 0.17 0.39 0.07 1.99 1.69 3.68
10 0.72 0.16 0.06 0.09 0.09 0.30 0.17 0.43 0.08 2.09 1.86 3.95
15 0.76 0.17 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.30 0.17 0.48 0.08 2.22 2.07 4.29
20 0.81 0.17 0.07 0.09 0.13 0.30 0.17 0.54 0.10 2.38 2.33 4.71
25 0.88 0.18 0.08 0.10 0.14 0.30 0.17 0.62 0.11 2.58 2.66 5.24
30 0.98 0.18 0.09 0.10 0.1 6 0.30 0.17 0.72 0.13 2.84 3.11 5.95
35 1.13 0.19 0.10 0.11 0.18 0.30 0.17 0.87 0.15 3.19 3.74 6.93
40 1.35 0.20 0.10 0.11 0.20 0.30 0.17 1.09 0.19 3.70 4.68 8.38
45 1.71 0.20 0.11 0.12 0.22 0.30 0.17 1.46 0.26 4.54 6.26 10.80
50 2.45 0.21 0.12 0.12 0.24 0.30 0.17 2.20 0.38 6.19 9.44 15.63

Roughness = 7000
Cost Cost Cost
0 0.68 0.21 0.05 0.09 0.05 0.38 0.21 0.39 0.07 2.13 1.67 3.80
5 0.71 0.22 0.06 0.09 0.07 0.38 0.21 0.43 0.07 2.24 1.83 4.07
10 0.74 0.23 0.07 0.09 0.09 0.38 0.21 0.47 0.08 2.37 2.03 4.40
15 0.79 0.24 0.07 0.10 0.1 1 0.38 0.21 0.53 0.09 2.53 2.28 4.81
20 0.86 0.25 0.08 0.10 0.13 0.38 0.21 0.61 0.11 2.72 2.60 5.32
25 0.95 0.26 0.09 0.11 0.14 0.38 0.21 0.70 0.12 2.97 3.02 6.00
30 1.09 0.27 0.1 0 0.11 0.16 0.38 0.21 0.84 0.15 3.31 3.61 6.93
35 1.29 0.29 0.10 0.12 0.18 0.38 0.21 1.04 0.18 3.80 4.49 8.29
40 1.63 0.30 0.11 0.12 0.20 0.38 0.21 1.38 0.24 4.57 5.92 10.49
45 2.27 0.32 0.12 0.12 0.22 0.38 0.21 2.02 0.35 6.03 8.69 14.71
50 4.04 0.34 0.13 0.13 0.24 0.38 0.21 3.81 0.67 9.94 16.34 26.28
132
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 8000
Cost Cost Cost
0 0.70 0.33 0.06 0.09 0.05 0.47 0.26 0.42 0.07 2.45 1.80 4.25
5 0.73 0.36 0.07 0.10 0.07 0.47 0.26 0.46 0.08 2.59 1.99 4.58
10 0.77 0.38 0.07 0.10 0.09 0.47 0.26 0.52 0.09 2.75 2.23 4.99
15 0.84 0.41 0.08 0.11 0.11 0.47 0.26 0.59 0.10 2.96 2.54 5.50
20 0.93 0.45 0.09 0.11 0.13 0.47 0.26 0.69 0.12 3.23 2.94 6.17
25 1.05 0.49 0.09 0.12 0.14 0.47 0.26 0.81 0.14 3.58 3.50 7.07
30 1.24 0.54 0.10 0.12 0.16 0.47 0.26 1.00 0.18 4.07 4.31 8.38
35 1.55 0.60 0.11 0.12 0.18 0.47 0.26 1.31 0.23 4.82 5.61 10.43
40 2.12 0.67 0.12 0.13 0.20 0.47 0.26 1.87 0.33 6.16 8.05 14.21
45 3.54 0.77 0.12 0.13 0.22 0.47 0.26 3.31 0.58 9.40 14.22 23.62
50 14.27 0.90 0.13 0.14 0.24 0.47 0.26 14.16 2.48 33.04 60.81 93 .84

Economic Cost of Operation of Two Wheelers on Intermediate Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 0.76 0.07 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.04 1.23 1.09 2.32
5 0.74 0.07 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.05 1.26 1.16 2.43
10 0.73 0.07 0.03 0.05 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.29 0.05 1.31 1.25 2.55
15 0.73 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.05 1.36 1.34 2.70
20 0.73 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.34 0.06 1.42 1.45 2.87
25 0.74 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.37 0.06 1.50 1.58 3.08
30 0.75 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.40 0.07 1.59 1.74 3.33
35 0.78 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.45 0.08 1.70 1.93 3.63
40 0.83 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.09 1.84 2.16 4.01
45 0.89 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.57 0.10 2.02 2.47 4.49
50 0.98 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.67 0.12 2.25 2.87 5.12
133
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 0.74 0.07 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.03 0.26 0.05 1.33 1.13 2.46
5 0.73 0.07 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.03 0.28 0.05 1.37 1.21 2.58
10 0.72 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.09 0.06 0.03 0.30 0.05 1.42 1.30 2.72
15 0.72 0.08 0.04 0.06 0.11 0.06 0.03 0.33 0.06 1.47 1.41 2.88
20 0.73 0.08 0.05 0.06 0.13 0.06 0.03 0.36 0.06 1.55 1.53 3.07
25 0.74 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.14 0.06 0.03 0.39 0.07 1.63 1.67 3.30
30 0.77 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.16 0.06 0.03 0.43 0.08 1.74 1.85 3.58
35 0.80 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.18 0.06 0.03 0.48 0.08 1.86 2.07 3.93
40 0.86 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.20 0.06 0.03 0.55 0.10 2.02 2.34 4.36
45 0.93 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.22 0.06 0.03 0.63 0.11 2.23 2.70 4.93
50 1.04 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.24 0.06 0.03 0.74 0.13 2.50 3.19 5.69
Table voe Two Wheelers 1o

Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 0.73 0.08 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.14 0.08 0.27 0.05 1.47 1.18 2.65
5 0.72 0.08 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.14 0.08 0.29 0.05 1.52 1.27 2.78
10 0.72 0.08 0.04 0.06 0.09 0.14 0.08 0.32 0.06 1.57 1.36 2.93
15 0.72 0.08 0.05 0.06 0.11 0.14 0.08 0.34 0.06 1.64 1.48 3.12
20 0.73 0.08 0.05 0.07 0.13 0.14 0.08 0.38 0.07 1.72 1.61 3.33
25 0.75 0.09 0.06 0.07 0.14 0.14 0.08 0.41 0.07 1.81 1.78 3.59
30 0.78 0.09 0.07 0.08 0.16 0.14 0.08 0.46 0.08 1.93 1.98 3.91
35 0.83 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.18 0.14 0.08 0.52 0.09 2.08 2.23 4.30
40 0.90 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.20 0.14 0.08 0.59 0.10 2.27 2.55 4.81
45 0.99 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.22 0.14 0.08 0.69 0.1 2 2.51 2.98 5.49
50 1.1 3 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.24 0.14 0.08 0.84 0.15 2.85 3.59 6.43
134
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness= 5000
Cost Cost Cost
0 0.72 0.09 0.03 0.06 0.05 0.22 0.12 0.29 0.05 1.62 1.23 2.85
5 0.71 0.09 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.22 0.12 0.31 0.05 1.67 1.32 3.00
10 0.71 0.09 0.04 0.06 0.09 0.22 0.12 0.33 0.06 1.73 1.43 3.16
15 0.72 0.09 0.05 0.07 0.11 0.22 0.12 0.36 0.06 1.81 1.56 3.37
20 0.74 0.09 0.06 0.07 0.13 0.22 0.12 0.40 0.07 1.90 1.71 3.61
25 0.77 0.10 0.07 0.08 0.14 0.22 0.12 0.44 0.08 2.01 1.89 3.90
30 0.81 0.10 0.07 0.08 0.16 0.22 0.12 0.49 0.09 2.14 2.12 4.26
35 0.86 0.10 0.08 0.09 0.18 0.22 0.12 0.56 0.10 2.31 2.41 4.72
40 0.95 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.20 0.22 0.12 0.65 0.11 2.53 2.79 5.33
45 1.07 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.22 0.22 0.12 0.77 0.14 2.83 3.32 6.15
50 1.24 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.24 0.22 0.12 0.95 0.17 3.25 4.10 7.35

Roughness = 6000
Cost Cost Cost
0 0.71 0.10 0.03 0.06 0.05 0.30 0.17 0.30 0.05 1.78 1.29 3.06
5 0.71 0.10 0.04 0.07 0.07 0.30 0.17 0.32 0.06 1.83 1.39 3.22
10 0.71 0.10 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.30 0.17 0.35 0.06 1.90 1.51 3.41
15 0.73 0.11 0.06 0.07 0.11 0.30 0.17 0.38 0.07 1.99 1.65 3.63
20 0.75 0.11 0.06 0.08 0.13 0.30 0.17 0.42 0.07 2.09 1.82 3.91
25 0.78 0.11 0.07 0.08 0.14 0.30 0.17 0.47 0.08 2.21 2.03 4.24
30 0.83 0.11 0.08 0.09 0.16 0.30 0.17 0.53 0.09 2.37 2.29 4.66
35 0.91 0.11 0.09 0.09 0.18 0.30 0.17 0.61 0.11 2.57 2.63 5.20
40 1.01 0.12 0.09 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.17 0.72 0.13 2.83 3.10 5.92
45 1.16 0.12 0.10 0.10 0.22 0.30 0.17 0.87 0.15 3.19 3.76 6.95
50 1.40 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.24 0.30 0.17 1.11 0.19 3.74 4.78 8.52
135
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 7000
Cost Cost Cost
0 0.70 0.11 0.04 0.07 0.05 0.38 0.21 0.31 0.05 1.94 1.35 3.28
5 0.71 0.12 0.04 0.07 0.07 0.38 0.21 0.34 0.06 2.00 1.46 3.46
10 0.72 0.12 0.05 0.08 0.09 0.38 0.21 0.37 0.06 2.08 1.59 3.67
15 0.73 0.12 0.06 0.08 0.11 0.38 0.21 0.41 0.07 2.18 1.75 3.92
20 0.76 0.12 0.07 0.08 0.13 0.38 0.21 0.45 0.08 2.29 1.94 4.23
25 0.81 0.13 0.07 0.09 0.14 0.38 0.21 0.51 0.09 2.43 2.18 4.61
30 0.87 0.13 0.08 0.09 0.16 0.38 0.21 0.58 0.10 2.61 2.49 5.10
35 0.96 0.13 0.09 0.10 0.18 0.38 0.21 0.67 0.12 2.85 2.90 5.75
40 1.09 0.14 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.38 0.21 0.81 0.14 3.17 3.47 6.64
45 1.29 0.14 0.10 0.11 0.22 0.38 0.21 1.01 0.1 8 3.63 4.32 7.95
50 1.62 0.14 0.1 1 0.11 0.24 0.38 0.21 1.33 0.23 4.38 5.73 10.10

Roughness = 8000
Cost Cost Cost
0 0.70 0.13 0.04 0.07 0.05 0.47 0.26 0.33 0.06 2.11 1.41 3.52
5 0.71 0.13 0.05 0.08 0.07 0.47 0.26 0.36 0.06 2.18 1.54 3.72
10 0.72 0.14 0.06 0.08 0.09 0.47 0.26 0.39 0.07 2.27 1.68 3.95
15 0.75 0.14 0.06 0.09 0.11 0.47 0.26 0.43 0.08 2.38 1.86 4.24
20 0.79 0.15 0.07 0.09 0.13 0.47 0.26 0.48 0.08 2.51 2.08 4.59
25 0.84 0.15 0.08 0.09 0.14 0.47 0.26 0.55 0.10 2.67 2.36 5.03
30 0.92 0.1 5 0.09 0.10 0.16 0.47 0.26 0.63 0.11 2.89 2.72 5.61
35 1.03 0.16 0.09 0.10 0.18 0.47 0.26 0.75 0.13 3.17 3.22 6.39
40 1.20 0.16 0.10 0.11 0.20 0.47 0.26 0.92 0.16 3.57 3.94 7.51
45 1.46 0.17 0.11 0.1 1 0.22 0.47 0.26 1.18 0.21 4.18 5.08 9.26
50 1.94 0.17 0.12 0.12 0.24 0.47 0.26 1.66 0.29 5.26 7.15 12.41
136
IRC:SP:30-2019
Economic Cost of Operation of Two Wheelers on Two Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness= 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 0.77 0.06 0.01 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.04 1.23 1.53 2.76
5 0.75 0.07 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.05 1.26 1.64 2.90
10 0.73 0.07 0.03 0.04 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.29 0.05 1.30 1.77 3.07
15 0.73 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.05 1.35 1.91 3.27
20 0.73 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.34 0.06 1.42 2.09 3.50
25 0.74 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.37 0.07 1.50 2.29 3.79
30 0.76 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.42 0.07 1.60 2.54 4.14
35 0.79 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.47 0.08 1.72 2.85 4.58
40 0.84 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.09 1.88 3.25 5.14
45 0.92 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.62 0.11 2.09 3.79 5.88
50 1.04 0.07 0.09 0.08 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.74 0.13 2.38 4.52 6.90

Roughness= 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 0.75 0.07 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.03 0.26 0.05 1.32 1.58 2.91
5 0.74 0.07 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.03 0.28 0.05 1.36 1.70 3.06
10 0.73 0.07 0.03 0.05 0.09 0.06 0.03 0.30 0.05 1.40 1.83 3.24
15 0.72 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.11 0.06 0.03 0.33 0.06 1.46 1.99 3.45
20 0.73 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.1 3 0.06 0.03 0.36 0.06 1.53 2.18 3.71
25 0.74 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.14 0.06 0.03 0.39 0.07 1.62 2.40 4.03
30 0.77 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.16 0.06 0.03 0.44 0.08 1.74 2.68 4.42
35 0.81 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.18 0.06 0.03 0.50 0.09 1.88 3.03 4.91
40 0.87 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.20 0.06 0.03 0.57 0.10 2.06 3.49 5.55
45 0.97 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.22 0.06 0.03 0.67 0.12 2.30 4.11 6.41
50 1.11 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.24 0.06 0.03 0.81 0.14 2.64 4.99 7.63
137
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 0.74 0.07 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.14 0.08 0.27 0.05 1.46 1.64 3.10
5 0.73 0.07 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.14 0.08 0.29 0.05 1.50 1.76 3.26
10 0.72 0.08 0.04 0.05 0.09 0.14 0.08 0.31 0.05 1.55 1.91 3.46
15 0.72 0.08 0.04 0.06 0.11 0.14 0.08 0.34 0.06 1.62 2.08 3.70
20 0.73 0.08 0.05 0.06 0.13 0.14 0.08 0.37 0.07 1.70 2.28 3.98
25 0.75 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.14 0.14 0.08 0.41 0.07 1.80 2.53 4.33
30 0.79 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.16 0.14 0.08 0.46 0.08 1.92 2.84 4.76
35 0.84 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.18 0.14 0.08 0.53 0.09 2.08 3.24 5.32
40 0.91 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.20 0.14 0.08 0.61 0.11 2.29 3.76 6.05
45 1.02 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.22 0.14 0.08 0.73 0.13 2.57 4.49 7.06
50 1.20 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.24 0.14 0.08 0.91 0.16 2.98 5.56 8.54

Roughness = 5000
Cost Cost Cost
0 0.73 0.08 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.22 0.12 0.28 0.05 1.60 1.69 3.30
5 0.72 0.08 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.22 0.12 0.30 0.05 1.65 1.83 3.48
10 0.72 0.08 0.04 0.06 0.09 0.22 0.12 0.32 0.06 1.71 1.98 3.69
15 0.72 0.08 0.05 0.06 0.11 0.22 0.12 0.35 0.06 1.78 2.17 3.95
20 0.74 0.08 0.05 0.07 0.13 0.22 0.12 0.39 0.07 1.87 2.39 4.26
25 0.76 0.09 0.06 0.07 0.14 0.22 0.12 0.44 0.08 1.98 2.67 4.65
30 0.81 0.09 0.07 0.08 0.16 0.22 0.12 0.49 0.09 2.12 3.02 5.13
35 0.87 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.18 0.22 0.12 0.57 0.10 2.30 3.47 5.77
40 0.96 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.20 0.22 0.12 0.67 0.12 2.54 4.08 6.61
45 1.10 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.22 0.22 0.12 0.81 0.14 2 .87 4.94 7.82
50 1.31 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.24 0.22 0.12 1.03 0.18 3.38 6.28 9.66
138
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness= 6000
Cost Cost Cost
0 0.72 0.09 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.30 0.17 0.29 0.05 1.75 1.76 3.50
5 0.72 0.09 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.30 0.17 0.31 0.05 1.80 1.90 3.70
10 0.72 0.09 0.04 0.06 0.09 0.30 0.17 0.34 0.06 1.86 2.07 3.93
15 0.73 0.09 0.05 0.07 0.11 0.30 0.17 0.37 0.06 1.94 2.27 4.22
20 0.75 0.09 0.06 0.07 0.13 0.30 0.17 0.41 0.07 2.04 2.52 4.56
25 0.78 0.09 0.06 0.08 0.14 0.30 0.17 0.46 0.08 2.17 2.83 4.99
30 0.83 0.10 0.07 0.08 0.16 0.30 0.17 0.53 0.09 2.32 3.22 5.54
35 0.90 0.10 0.08 0.08 0.18 0.30 0.17 0.61 0.11 2.53 3.73 6.26
40 1.01 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.20 0.30 0.17 0.73 0.13 2.81 4.45 7.26
45 1.18 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.22 0.30 0.17 0.90 0.16 3.21 5.51 8.72
50 1.46 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.24 0.30 0.17 1.18 0.21 3.85 7.22 11.07

Economic Cost of Operation of Two Wheelers on Four Lane Divided Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 0.96 0.06 0.01 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.03 1.36 1.23 2.59
5 0.92 0.07 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.04 1.37 1.29 2.66
10 0.89 0.07 0.03 0.04 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.04 1.38 1.36 2.74
15 0.86 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.04 1.39 1.44 2.83
20 0.84 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.04 1.42 1.52 2.94
25 0.82 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.05 1.45 1.62 3.07
30 0.81 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.28 0.05 1.49 1.73 3.21
35 0.80 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.30 0.05 1.53 1.85 3.39
40 0.80 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.06 1.59 2.00 3.59
45 0.80 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.35 0.06 1.66 2 .17 3.83
50 0.81 0.07 0.09 0.08 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.38 0.07 1.74 2.37 4.11
139
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 0.94 0.07 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.03 0.20 0.04 1.44 1.26 2.70
5 0.90 0.07 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.03 0.21 0.04 1.45 1.32 2.77
10 0.87 0.07 0.03 0.05 0.09 0.06 0.03 0.23 0.04 1.47 1.39 2.86
15 0.85 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.11 0.06 0.03 0.24 0.04 1.49 1.47 2.96
20 0.83 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.13 0.06 0.03 0.25 0.04 1.51 1.57 3.08
25 0.81 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.14 0.06 0.03 0.27 0.05 1.55 1.67 3.22
30 0.80 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.16 0.06 0.03 0.29 0.05 1.59 1.78 3.37
35 0.79 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.18 0.06 0.03 0.31 0.05 1.64 1.92 3.56
40 0.80 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.20 0.06 0.03 0.34 0.06 1.70 2.07 3.78
45 0.80 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.22 0.06 0.03 0.37 0.06 1.78 2.26 4.04
50 0.82 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.24 0.06 0.03 0.40 0.07 1.87 2.48 4.35

Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 0.92 0.07 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.14 0.08 0.21 0.04 1.57 1.29 2.86
5 0.89 0.07 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.14 0.08 0.22 0.04 1.58 1.36 2.94
10 0.86 0.08 0.04 0.05 0.09 0.14 0.08 0.23 0.04 1.60 1.43 3.03
15 0.83 0.08 0.04 0.06 0.11 0.14 0.08 0.25 0.04 1.62 1.52 3.14
20 0. 82 0.08 0.05 0.06 0.13 0.14 0.08 0.26 0.05 1.65 1.61 3.26
25 0.80 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.14 0.14 0.08 0.28 0.05 1.69 1.72 3.41
30 0.79 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.16 0.14 0.08 0.30 0.05 1.74 1.85 3.58
35 0.79 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.18 0.14 0.08 0.32 0.06 1.79 1.99 3.78
40 0.80 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.20 0.14 0.08 0.35 0.06 1.86 2.16 4.02
45 0. 81 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.22 0.14 0.08 0.38 0.07 1.95 2.36 4.30
50 0.83 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.24 0.14 0.08 0.42 0.07 2.05 2.60 4.64
140
IRC:SP:30-2019
Economic Cost of Operation of Two Wheelers on Six Lane Divided Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness= 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 1.00 0.06 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.03 1.39 1.18 2.57
5 0.96 0.06 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.04 1.39 1.24 2.63
10 0.93 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.04 1.40 1.31 2.70
15 0.89 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.04 1.41 1.38 2.78
20 0.87 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.04 1.43 1.45 2.88
25 0.85 0.07 0.05 0.05 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.25 0 .04 1.45 1.54 2.99
30 0.83 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.05 1.49 1.64 3.13
35 0.82 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.28 0.05 1.53 1.75 3.28
40 0.81 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.05 1.57 1.88 3.46
45 0.81 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.33 0.06 1.63 2.03 3.67
50 0.82 0.07 0.09 0.08 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.36 0.06 1.71 2.21 3.92

Roughness = 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 0.98 0.06 0.01 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.03 0.20 0.03 1.46 1.21 2.67
5 0.94 0.07 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.06 0.03 0.21 0.04 1.47 1.27 2.74
10 0.91 0.07 0.03 0.04 0.09 0.06 0.03 0.22 0.04 1.48 1.34 2.82
15 0.88 0.07 0.04 0 .05 0.11 0.06 0.03 0.23 0.04 1.49 1.41 2.91
20 0.85 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.13 0.06 0.03 0.24 0.04 1.52 1.49 3.01
25 0.83 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.14 0.06 0.03 0.26 0.05 1.54 1.59 3.13
30 0.82 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.16 0.06 0.03 0.27 0 .05 1.58 1.69 3.27
35 0.81 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.18 0.06 0.03 0.29 0.05 1.62 1.81 3.44
40 0.81 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.20 0.06 0.03 0.32 0.06 1.68 1.95 3.63
45 0.81 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.22 0.06 0.03 0.34 0.06 1.74 2.11 3.86
50 0.82 0.07 0.09 0.08 0.24 0.06 0.03 0.37 0.07 1.82 2.31 4.13
141
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 0.96 0.07 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.14 0.08 0.20 0.04 1.58 1.24 2.82
5 0.92 0.07 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.14 0.08 0.21 0.04 1.59 1.30 2.89
10 0.89 0.07 0.03 0.05 0.09 0.14 0.08 0.22 0.04 1.60 1.37 2.98
15 0.86 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.11 0.14 0.08 0.24 0.04 1.62 1.45 3.07
20 0.84 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.1 3 0.14 0.08 0.25 0.04 1.65 1.54 3.18
25 0.82 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.14 0.14 0.08 0.27 0.05 1.68 1.64 3.32
30 0.81 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.16 0.14 0.08 0.28 0.05 1.72 1.75 3.47
35 0.80 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.18 0.14 0.08 0.30 0.05 1.77 1.88 3.65
40 0.80 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.20 0.14 0.08 0.33 0.06 1.83 2.03 3.85
45 0.81 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.22 0.14 0.08 0.36 0.06 1.90 2.20 4.10
50 0.83 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.24 0.14 0.08 0.39 0.07 1.98 2.41 4.39

Economic Cost of Operation of Two Wheelers on Four Lane Divided Expressways (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 0.98 0.06 0.01 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.03 1.38 1.21 2.58
5 0.94 0.07 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.04 1.38 1.27 2.65
10 0.91 0.07 0.03 0.04 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.04 1.39 1.33 2.72
15 0.88 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.04 1.41 1.40 2.81
20 0.85 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.04 1.43 1.49 2.91
25 0.83 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.04 1.45 1.58 3.03
30 0.82 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.05 1.49 1.68 3.17
35 0.81 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.29 0.05 1.53 1.80 3.34
40 0.80 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.06 1.59 1.94 3.53
45 0.80 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.34 0.06 1.65 2.10 3.75
50 0.81 0.07 0.09 0.08 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.37 0.06 1.73 2.29 4.01
142
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 0.96 0.07 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.03 0.20 0.04 1.46 1.23 2.69
5 0.92 0.07 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.03 0.21 0.04 1.47 1.30 2.76
10 0.89 0.07 0.03 0.05 0.09 0.06 0.03 0.22 0.04 1.48 1.37 2.84
15 0.86 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.11 0.06 0.03 0.23 0.04 1.50 1.44 2.94
20 0.84 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.13 0.06 0.03 0.25 0.04 1.52 1.53 3.05
25 0.82 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.14 0.06 0.03 0.26 0.05 1.55 1.63 3.18
30 0.81 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.16 0.06 0.03 0.28 0.05 1.59 1.74 3.33
35 0.80 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.18 0.06 0.03 0.30 0.05 1.64 1.86 3.50
40 0.80 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.20 0.06 0.03 0.33 0.06 1.70 2.01 3.71
45 0.81 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.22 0.06 0.03 0.35 0.06 1.77 2.18 3.95
50 0.82 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.24 0.06 0.03 0.39 0.07 1.85 2 .39 4.24

Roughness= 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 0.94 0.07 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.14 0.08 0.20 0.04 1.58 1.26 2.85
5 0.90 0.07 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.14 0.08 0.22 0.04 1.59 1.33 2.92
10 0.87 0.08 0.04 0.05 0.09 0.14 0.08 0.23 0.04 1.61 1.40 3.01
15 0.85 0.08 0.04 0.06 0.11 0.14 0.08 0.24 0.04 1.63 1.48 3.11
20 0.83 0.08 0.05 0.06 0.13 0.14 0.08 0.26 0.04 1.66 1.57 3.23
25 0.81 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.14 0.14 0.08 0.27 0.05 1.69 1.68 3.37
30 0.80 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.16 0.14 0.08 0.29 0.05 1.74 1.80 3.53
35 0.80 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.18 0.14 0.08 0.31 0.05 1.79 1.93 3.72
40 0.80 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.20 0.14 0.08 0.34 0.06 1.85 2.09 3.94
45 0.81 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.22 0.14 0.08 0.37 0.06 1.93 2.28 4.21
50 0.83 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.24 0.14 0.08 0.41 0.07 2.02 2.50 4.52
143
IRC:SP:30-2019
Economic Cost of Operation of Two Wheelers on Six Lane Divided Expressways (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 1.00 0.06 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.03 1.39 1.18 2.57
5 0.96 0.06 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.04 1.39 1.24 2.63
10 0.93 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.04 1.40 1.31 2.70
15 0.89 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.04 1.41 1.38 2.78
20 0.87 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.04 1.43 1.45 2.88
25 0.85 0.07 0.05 0.05 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.04 1.45 1.54 2.99
30 0.83 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.05 1.49 1.64 3.13
35 0.82 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.28 0.05 1.53 1.75 3.28
40 0.81 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.05 1.57 1.88 3.46
45 0.81 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.33 0.06 1.63 2.03 3.67
50 0.82 0.07 0.09 0.08 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.36 0.06 1.71 2.21 3.92

Roughness= 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 0.98 0.06 0.01 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.03 0.20 0.03 1.46 1.21 2.67
5 0.94 0.07 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.06 0.03 0.21 0.04 1.47 1.27 2.74
10 0.91 0.07 0.03 0.04 0.09 0.06 0.03 0.22 0.04 1.48 1.34 2.82
15 0.88 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.11 0.06 0.03 0.23 0.04 1.49 1.41 2.91
20 0.85 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.13 0.06 0.03 0.24 0.04 1.52 1.49 3.01
25 0.83 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.14 0.06 0.03 0.26 0.05 1.54 1.59 3.13
30 0.82 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.16 0.06 0.03 0.27 0.05 1.58 1.69 3.27
35 0.81 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.18 0.06 0.03 0.29 0.05 1.62 1.81 3.44
40 0.81 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.20 0.06 0.03 0.32 0.06 1.68 1.95 3.63
45 0.81 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.22 0.06 0.03 0.34 0.06 1.74 2.11 3.86
50 0.82 0.07 0.09 0.08 0.24 0.06 0.03 0.37 0.07 1.82 2.31 4.13
144
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 0.96 0.07 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.14 0.08 0.20 0.04 1.58 1.24 2.82
5 0.92 0.07 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.14 0.08 0.21 0.04 1.59 1.30 2.89
10 0.89 0.07 0.03 0.05 0.09 0.14 0.08 0.22 0.04 1.60 1.37 2.98
15 0.86 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.11 0.14 0.08 0.24 0.04 1.62 1.45 3.07
20 0.84 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.13 0.14 0.08 0.25 0.04 1.65 1.54 3.18
25 0.82 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.1 4 0.14 0.08 0.27 0.05 1.68 1.64 3.32
30 0.81 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.16 0.14 0.08 0.28 0.05 1.72 1.75 3.47
35 0.80 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.18 0.14 0.08 0.30 0.05 1.77 1.88 3.65
40 0.80 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.20 0.14 0.08 0.33 0.06 1.83 2.03 3.85
45 0.81 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.22 0.14 0.08 0.36 0.06 1.90 2.20 4.10
50 0.83 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.24 0.14 0.08 0.39 0.07 1.98 2.41 4.39

Economic Cost of Operation of Two Wheelers on Eight Lane Divided Urban Expressways (Rs/km)
Roughness= 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 1.02 0.06 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.03 1.40 1.16 2.56
5 0.98 0.06 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.03 1.40 1.22 2.62
10 0.95 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.04 1.41 1.28 2.69
15 0.91 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.04 1.42 1.35 2.76
20 0.88 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.04 1.43 1.42 2.86
25 0.86 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.1 4 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.04 1.46 1.51 2.96
30 0.84 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.05 1.49 1.60 3.09
35 0.83 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.28 0.05 1.52 1.71 3.23
40 0.82 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.30 0.05 1.57 1.83 3.40
45 0.81 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.06 1.62 1.97 3.60
50 0.82 0.07 0.09 0.08 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.35 0.06 1.69 2.14 3.83
145
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 1.00 0.06 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.03 0.19 0.03 1.47 1.19 2.66
5 0.96 0.06 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.06 0.03 0.20 0.04 1.48 1.25 2.72
10 0.93 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.09 0.06 0.03 0.21 0.04 1.49 1.31 2.80
15 0.90 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.11 0.06 0.03 0.22 0.04 1.50 1.38 2.88
20 0.87 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.13 0.06 0.03 0.24 0.04 1.52 1.46 2.98
25 0.85 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.14 0.06 0.03 0.25 0.04 1.54 1.55 3.09
30 0.83 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.16 0.06 0.03 0.27 0.05 1.58 1.65 3.23
35 0.82 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.18 0.06 0.03 0.29 0.05 1.62 1.77 3.38
40 0.81 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.20 0.06 0.03 0.31 0.05 1.67 1.90 3.57
45 0.81 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.22 0.06 0.03 0.33 0.06 1.73 2.05 3.78
50 0.82 0.07 0.09 0.08 0.24 0.06 0.03 0.36 0.06 1.80 2.23 4.03

Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 0.98 0.06 0.01 0.04 0.05 0.14 0.08 0.20 0.03 1.59 1.22 2.81
5 0.94 0.07 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.14 0.08 0.21 0.04 1.60 1.28 2.87
10 0.91 0.07 0.03 0.04 0.09 0.14 0.08 0.22 0.04 1.61 1.34 2.95
15 0.88 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.11 0.14 0.08 0.23 0.04 1.62 1.42 3.04
20 0.86 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.13 0.14 0.08 0.24 0.04 1.65 1.50 3.15
25 0.84 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.14 0.14 0.08 0.26 0.05 1.68 1.60 3.27
30 0.82 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.16 0.14 0.08 0.28 0.05 1.71 1.70 3.42
35 0.81 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.18 0.14 0.08 0.30 0.05 1.76 1.83 3.58
40 0.81 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.20 0.14 0.08 0.32 0.06 1.81 1.97 3.78
45 0.81 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.22 0.14 0.08 0.35 0.06 1.88 2.13 4.01
50 0.82 0.07 0.09 0.08 0.24 0.14 0.08 0.38 0.07 1.96 2.33 4 .28
146
IRC:SP:30-2019
Financial Cost of Operation of Two Wheelers on Single Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 1.69 0.09 0.04 0.09 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.29 0.07 2.37 1.21 3.59
5 1.67 0.09 0.06 0.10 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.07 2.45 1.30 3.74
10 1.67 0.09 0.07 0.11 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.33 0.08 2.54 1.40 3.93
15 1.68 0.09 0.09 0.12 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.36 0.08 2.65 1.51 4.16
20 1.72 0.09 0.10 0.12 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.39 0.09 2 .79 1.64 4.43
25 1.77 0.10 0.12 0.13 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.43 0.10 2.95 1.80 4.75
30 1.85 0.10 0.13 0.14 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.48 0.11 3.15 2.00 5.15
35 1.96 0.10 0.15 0.15 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.13 3.40 2.24 5.63
40 2.11 0.10 0.16 0.16 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.61 0.14 3.70 2.55 6.25
45 2.32 0.10 0.18 0.17 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.70 0.17 4.10 2.95 7.05
50 2.63 0.10 0.19 0.18 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.84 0.20 4.63 3.51 8.14

Roughness = 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 1.65 0.10 0.05 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.05 0.31 0.07 2.56 1.28 3.84
5 1.65 0.10 0.07 0.11 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.33 0.08 2.65 1.38 4.02
10 1.66 0.11 0.08 0.12 0.19 0.10 0.05 0.35 0.08 2.75 1.49 4.24
15 1.69 0.11 0.10 0.13 0.23 0.10 0.05 0.39 0.09 2.89 1.62 4.51
20 1.74 0.11 0.11 0.14 0.27 0.10 0.05 0.42 0.10 3.05 1.77 4.82
25 1.81 0.11 0.13 0.15 0.31 0.10 0.05 0.47 0.11 3.24 1.96 5.20
30 1.92 0.11 0.15 0.16 0.35 0.10 0.05 0.52 0.12 3.48 2.19 5.67
35 2.06 0.11 0.16 0.17 0.38 0.10 0.05 0.59 0.14 3.77 2.49 6.26
40 2.26 0.12 0.18 0.18 0.42 0.10 0.05 0.68 0.16 4.15 2.87 7.03
45 2.55 0.12 0.19 0.18 0.46 0.10 0.05 0.81 0.19 4.66 3.40 8.06
50 2.97 0.12 0.21 0.19 0.50 0.10 0.05 0.99 0.23 5.37 4.16 9.53
147
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 1.63 0.1 2 0.07 0.12 0.11 0.25 0.14 0.32 0.08 2.83 1.36 4.19
5 1.64 0.12 0.08 0.13 0.1 5 0.25 0.14 0.35 0.08 2.94 1.47 4.41
10 1.67 0.12 0.10 0.14 0.1 9 0.25 0.14 0.38 0.09 3.07 1.60 4.66
15 1.71 0.13 0.11 0.15 0.23 0.25 0.14 0.42 0.10 3.22 1.75 4.97
20 1.78 0.13 0.1 3 0.16 0.27 0.25 0.14 0.46 0.11 3.41 1.93 5.34
25 1.88 0.13 0.14 0.17 0.31 0.25 0.14 0.51 0.1 2 3.64 2.15 5.79
30 2.02 0.14 0.16 0.1 8 0.35 0.25 0.14 0.58 0.14 3.93 2.43 6.36
35 2.21 0.14 0.17 0.18 0.38 0.25 0.14 0.67 0.16 4.29 2.80 7.09
40 2.47 0.14 0.19 0.19 0.42 0.25 0.14 0.78 0.18 4.77 3.30 8.07
45 2.87 0.14 0.20 0.20 0.46 0.25 0.14 0.95 0.22 5.44 4.01 9.45
50 3.48 0.15 0.22 0.21 0.50 0.25 0.14 1.22 0.29 6.45 5.12 11 .56

Roughness = 5000
Cost Cost Cost
0 1.62 0.15 0.08 0.1 4 0.11 0.39 0.22 0.35 0.08 3.13 1.45 4.58
5 1.64 0.15 0.09 0.15 0.15 0.39 0.22 0.37 0.09 3.25 1.57 4.83
10 1.68 0.15 0.11 0.16 0.19 0.39 0.22 0.41 0.10 3.41 1.72 5.12
15 1.75 0.16 0.13 0.17 0.23 0.39 0.22 0.45 0.11 3.59 1.89 5.48
20 1.84 0.16 0.14 0.17 0.27 0.39 0.22 0.50 0.12 3.81 2.11 5.92
25 1.97 0.16 0.16 0.18 0.31 0.39 0.22 0.57 0.13 4.09 2.38 6.47
30 2.15 0.17 0.17 0.19 0.35 0.39 0.22 0.65 0.15 4.44 2.73 7.17
35 2.40 0.17 0.19 0.20 0.38 0.39 0.22 0.76 0.18 4.90 3.20 8.10
40 2.77 0.18 0.20 0.21 0.42 0.39 0.22 0.92 0.22 5.53 3.87 9.40
45 3.34 0.18 0.22 0.22 0.46 0.39 0.22 1.16 0.27 6.46 4.89 11.35
50 4.31 0.19 0.23 0.23 0.50 0.39 0.22 1.58 0.37 8.02 6.63 14.65
148
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness= 6000
Cost Cost Cost
0 1.62 0.19 0.09 0.16 0.11 0.54 0.30 0.37 0.09 3.46 1.55 5.01
5 1.66 0.19 0.11 0.17 0.15 0.54 0.30 0.40 0.09 3.60 1.69 5.30
10 1.72 0.20 0.12 0.17 0.19 0.54 0.30 0.44 0.10 3.78 1.86 5.64
15 1.80 0.20 0.14 0.18 0.23 0.54 0.30 0.49 0.12 4.00 2.07 6.07
20 1.93 0.21 0.15 0.19 0.27 0.54 0.30 0.55 0.13 4.27 2.33 6.60
25 2.10 0.22 0.17 0.20 0.31 0.54 0.30 0.63 0.15 4.61 2.66 7.27
30 2.34 0.22 0.18 0.21 0.35 0.54 0.30 0.74 0.17 5.05 3.11 8.16
35 2.68 0.23 0.20 0.22 0.38 0.54 0.30 0.89 0.21 5.65 3.74 9.38
40 3.20 0.24 0.21 0.23 0.42 0.54 0.30 1.11 0.26 6.52 4.68 11.20
45 4.08 0.25 0.23 0.24 0.46 0.54 0.30 1.49 0.35 7.93 6.26 14.19
50 5.84 0.26 0.24 0.24 0.50 0.54 0.30 2.25 0.53 10.70 9.44 20.14

Roughness= 7000
Cost Cost Cost
0 1.63 0.26 0.11 0.17 0.11 0.69 0.38 0.40 0.09 3.83 1.67 5.49
5 1.69 0.27 0.12 0.18 0.15 0.69 0.38 0.44 0.10 4.01 1.83 5.84
10 1.77 0.28 0.14 0.19 0.19 0.69 0.38 0.48 0.11 4.22 2.03 6.25
15 1.88 0.29 0.15 0.20 0.23 0.69 0.38 0.54 0.13 4.49 2.28 6.77
20 2.05 0.30 0.17 0.21 0.27 0.69 0.38 0.62 0.15 4.82 2.60 7.42
25 2.27 0.32 0.18 0.22 0.31 0.69 0.38 0.72 0.17 5.25 3.02 8.27
30 2.59 0.34 0.20 0.23 0.35 0.69 0.38 0.86 0.20 5.82 3.61 9.43
35 3.08 0.35 0.21 0.23 0.38 0.69 0.38 1.07 0.25 6.64 4.49 11 .13
40 3.87 0.37 0.23 0.24 0.42 0.69 0.38 1.41 0.33 7.94 5.92 13.86
45 5.41 0.40 0.24 0.25 0.46 0.69 0.38 2.07 0.49 10.38 8.69 19.07
50 9.62 0.42 0.26 0.26 0.50 0.69 0.38 3.89 0.92 16.93 16.34 33.27
149
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 8000
Cost Cost Cost
0 1.66 0.41 0.12 0.19 0.11 0.83 0.46 0.43 0.10 4 .31 1.80 6.11
5 1.73 0.44 0.13 0.20 0.15 0.83 0.46 0.47 0.11 4.53 1.99 6.53
10 1.84 0.47 0.15 0.21 0.19 0.83 0.46 0.53 0.13 4.81 2.23 7.04
15 2.00 0.51 0.16 0.22 0.23 0.83 0.46 0.60 0.14 5.15 2.54 7.69
20 2.21 0.55 0.18 0.23 0.27 0.83 0.46 0.70 0.16 5.59 2.94 8.53
25 2.51 0.60 0.19 0.23 0.31 0.83 0.46 0.83 0.20 6.16 3.50 9.66
30 2.96 0.66 0.21 0.24 0.35 0.83 0.46 1.03 0.24 6.98 4.31 11.29
35 3.69 0.73 0.22 0.25 0.38 0.83 0.46 1.34 0.31 8.22 5.61 13.84
40 5.04 0.83 0.24 0.26 0.42 0.83 0.46 1.92 0.45 10.45 8.05 18.49
45 8.44 0.95 0.25 0.27 0.46 0.83 0.46 3.38 0.80 15.84 14.22 30.06
50 33.96 1.11 0.27 0.28 0.50 0.83 0.46 14.48 3.41 55.29 60.81 116.10

Financial Cost of Operation of Two Wheelers on Intermediate Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 1.80 0.08 0.03 0.08 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.06 2.43 1.09 3.52
5 1.76 0.08 0.05 0.09 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.28 0.07 2.47 1.16 3.64
10 1.74 0.08 0.06 0.10 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.30 0.07 2.54 1.25 3.78
15 1.73 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.08 2.62 1.34 3.96
20 1.73 0.09 0.09 0.11 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.35 0.08 2.72 1.45 4.17
25 1.75 0.09 0.11 0.12 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.38 0.09 2.84 1.58 4.42
30 1.80 0.09 0.12 0.13 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.41 0.10 3.00 1.74 4.73
35 1.87 0.09 0.14 0.14 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.46 0.11 3.19 1.93 5.11
40 1.97 0.09 0.15 0.15 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.52 0.12 3.42 2.16 5.59
45 2.12 0.09 0.17 0.16 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.59 0.14 3.72 2.47 6.19
50 2.32 0.09 0.18 0.17 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.68 0.16 4.12 2.87 6.99
150
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 1.77 0.09 0.04 0.09 0.11 0.10 0.05 0.27 0.06 2.59 1.13 3.72
5 1.74 0.09 0.06 0.10 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.29 0.07 2.64 1.21 3.85
10 1.72 0.09 0.07 0.11 0.1 9 0.10 0.05 0.31 0.07 2.71 1.30 4.02
15 1.72 0.09 0.09 0.12 0.23 0.10 0.05 0.33 0.08 2.81 1.41 4.21
20 1.73 0.09 0.10 0.1 2 0.27 0.10 0.05 0.36 0.09 2.92 1.53 4.45
25 1.77 0.10 0.12 0.13 0.31 0.10 0.05 0.40 0.09 3.06 1.67 4.74
30 1.83 0.10 0.13 0.14 0.35 0.10 0.05 0.44 0.10 3.24 1.85 5.09
35 1.91 0.10 0.15 0.15 0.38 0.10 0.05 0.49 0.12 3.46 2.07 5.52
40 2.04 0.10 0.16 0.16 0.42 0.10 0.05 0.56 0.13 3.73 2.34 6.07
45 2.22 0.1 0 0.18 0.17 0.46 0.10 0.05 0.64 0.15 4.08 2.70 6.78
50 2.48 0.10 0.19 0.18 0.50 0.10 0.05 0.76 0.18 4.55 3.19 7.74

Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 1.74 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.11 0.25 0.14 0.28 0.07 2.83 1.18 4.01
5 1.71 0.10 0.07 0.11 0.15 0.25 0.14 0.30 0.07 2.89 1.27 4.16
10 1.71 0.10 0.08 0.12 0.19 0.25 0.14 0.32 0.08 2.98 1.36 4.34
15 1.71 0.10 0.10 0.13 0.23 0.25 0.14 0.35 0.08 3.08 1.48 4.56
20 1.74 0.10 0.11 0.14 0.27 0.25 0.14 0.38 0.09 3.21 1.61 4.83
25 1.79 0.11 0.1 3 0.15 0.31 0.25 0.14 0.42 0.10 3.38 1.78 5.15
30 1.87 0.11 0.14 0.15 0.35 0.25 0.14 0.47 0.11 3.58 1.98 5.55
35 1.98 0.11 0.16 0.16 0.38 0.25 0.14 0.53 0.12 3.83 2.23 6.05
40 2.14 0.11 0.17 0.17 0.42 0.25 0.14 0.61 0.14 4.14 2.55 6.69
45 2.36 0.11 0.19 0.18 0.46 0.25 0.14 0.71 0.17 4.56 2.98 7.54
50 2.69 0.12 0.20 0.19 0.50 0.25 0.14 0.85 0.20 5.13 3.59 8.72
151
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness= 5000
Cost Cost Cost
0 1.71 0.11 0.06 0.11 0.11 0.39 0.22 0.29 0.07 3.07 1.23 4.30
5 1.70 0.11 0.07 0.12 0.15 0.39 0.22 0.32 0.07 3.15 1.32 4.47
10 1.70 0.11 0.09 0.13 0.19 0.39 0.22 0.34 0.08 3.25 1.43 4.68
15 1.72 0.11 0.10 0.14 0.23 0.39 0.22 0.37 0.09 3.37 1.56 4.93
20 1.76 0.12 0.12 0.15 0.27 0.39 0.22 0.41 0.10 3.52 1.71 5.23
25 1.82 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.31 0.39 0.22 0.45 0.11 3.70 1.89 5.60
30 1.92 0.12 0.15 0.17 0.35 0.39 0.22 0.50 0.12 3.93 2.12 6.05
35 2.06 0.12 0.17 0.17 0.38 0.39 0.22 0.57 0.14 4.22 2.41 6.63
40 2.25 0.13 0.18 0.18 0.42 0.39 0.22 0.67 0.16 4.60 2.79 7.39
45 2.54 0.13 0.20 0.19 0.46 0.39 0.22 0.79 0.19 5.10 3.32 8.42
50 2.96 0.13 0.21 0.20 0.50 0.39 0.22 0.98 0.23 5.82 4.10 9.91

Roughness = 6000
Cost Cost Cost
0 1.69 0.12 0.07 0.12 0.11 0.54 0.30 0.31 0.07 3.33 1.29 4.62
5 1.68 0.12 0.08 0.1 3 0.15 0.54 0.30 0.33 0.08 3.42 1.39 4.81
10 1.70 0.13 0.10 0.14 0.19 0.54 0.30 0.36 0.08 3.53 1.51 5.04
15 1.73 0.13 0.11 0.15 0.23 0.54 0.30 0.39 0.09 3.67 1.65 5.32
20 1.78 0.13 0.13 0.16 0.27 0.54 0.30 0.43 0.10 3.84 1.82 5.66
25 1.87 0.13 0.14 0.17 0.31 0.54 0.30 0.48 0.11 4.05 2.03 6.08
30 1.99 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.35 0.54 0.30 0.55 0.13 4.32 2.29 6.61
35 2.16 0.14 0.17 0.19 0.38 0.54 0.30 0.63 0.15 4.65 2.63 7.29
40 2.40 0.14 0.19 0.19 0.42 0.54 0.30 0.74 0.17 5.10 3.10 8.20
45 2.76 0.15 0.20 0.20 0.46 0.54 0.30 0.89 0.21 5.72 3.76 9.48
50 3.33 0.15 0.22 0.21 0.50 0.54 0.30 1.14 0.27 6.65 4.78 11.43
152
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 7000
Cost Cost Cost
0 1.67 0.14 0.08 0.14 0.11 0.69 0.38 0.32 0.08 3.60 1.35 4.94
5 1.68 0.14 0.09 0.14 0.15 0.69 0.38 0.35 0.08 3.70 1.46 5.16
10 1.70 0.15 0.11 0.15 0.19 0.69 0.38 0.38 0.09 3.83 1.59 5.42
15 1.75 0.15 0.12 0.16 0.23 0.69 0.38 0.42 0.10 3.99 1.75 5.73
20 1.82 0.1 5 0.14 0.17 0.27 0.69 0.38 0.46 0.11 4.18 1.94 6.12
25 1.92 0.1 6 0.15 0.18 0.31 0.69 0.38 0.52 0.12 4.42 2.18 6.60
30 2.07 0.16 0.17 0.19 0.35 0.69 0.38 0.59 0.14 4.73 2.49 7.22
35 2.29 0.16 0.18 0.20 0.38 0.69 0.38 0.69 0.16 .5.13 2.90 8.03
40 2.60 0.17 0.20 0.21 0.42 0.69 0.38 0.83 0.19 5.68 3.47 9.14
45 3.06 0.1 7 0.21 0.21 0.46 0.69 0.38 1.03 0.24 6.46 4.32 10.78
50 3.84 0.18 0.23 0.22 0.50 0.69 0.38 1.36 0.32 7.72 5.73 13.45

Roughness = 8000
Cost Cost Cost
0 1.67 0.16 0.09 0.15 0.11 0.83 0.46 0.34 0.08 3.88 1.41 5.29
5 1.68 0.17 0.10 0.16 0.15 0.83 0.46 0.37 0.09 4.00 1.54 5.53
10 1.72 0.17 0.12 0.16 0.19 0.83 0.46 0.40 0.09 4.14 1.68 5.83
15 1.78 0.17 0.1 3 0.17 0.23 0.83 0.46 0.44 0.10 4.32 1.86 6.18
20 1.87 0.18 0.1 5 0.18 0.27 0.83 0.46 0.50 0.12 4.55 2.08 6.63
25 2.00 0.18 0.1 6 0.19 0.31 0.83 0.46 0.56 0.13 4.83 2.36 7.19
30 2.19 0.19 0.18 0.20 0.35 0.83 0.46 0.65 0.15 5.19 2.72 7.91
35 2.45 0.20 0.19 0.21 0.38 0.83 0.46 0.77 0.18 5.67 3.22 8.89
40 2.85 0.20 0.21 0.22 0.42 0.83 0.46 0.94 0.22 6.35 3.94 10.29
45 3.48 0.21 0.22 0.23 0.46 0.83 0.46 1.21 0.28 7.38 5.08 12.47
50 4.62 0.22 0.24 0.23 0.50 0.83 0.46 1.70 0.40 9.21 7.15 16.35
153
IRC:SP:30-2019
Financial Cost of Operation of Two Wheelers on Two Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 1.82 0.08 0.03 0.07 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.06 2.43 1.53 3.97
5 1.78 0.08 0.04 0.08 . 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.06 2.47 1.64 4.11
10 1.74 0.08 0.06 0.09 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.30 0.07 2.53 1.77 4.29
15 1.73 0.08 0.07 0.10 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.08 2.60 1.91 4.52
20 1.73 0.08 0.09 0.11 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.35 0.08 2.71 2.09 4.79
25 1.75 0.08 0.11 0.12 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.38 0.09 2.84 2.29 5.13
30 1.80 0.09 0.12 0.13 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.42 0.10 3.00 2.54 5.54
35 1.88 0.09 0.14 0.13 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.48 0.11 3.21 2.85 6.07
40 2.01 0.09 0.15 0.14 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.54 0.13 3.49 3.25 6.74
45 2.19 0.09 0.17 0.15 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.63 0.15 3.84 3.79 7.63
50 2.46 0.09 0.18 0.16 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.18 4.33 4.52 8.85

Roughness= 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 1.79 0.08 0.04 0.08 0.11 0.10 0.05 0.26 0.06 2.59 1.58 4.17
5 1.75 0.09 0.05 0.09 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.28 0.07 2.63 1.70 4.33
10 1.73 0.09 0.07 0.10 0.19 0.10 0.05 0.31 0.07 2.70 1.83 4.53
15 1.72 0.09 0.08 0.11 0.23 0.10 0.05 0.33 0.08 2.79 1.99 4.78
20 1.73 0.09 0.10 0.12 0.27 0.10 0.05 0.36 0.09 2.90 2.1 8 5.08
25 1.77 0.09 0.11 0.13 0.31 0.10 0.05 0.40 0.09 3.05 2.40 5.46
30 1.83 0.09 0.13 0.13 0.35 0.10 0.05 0.45 0.11 3.24 2.68 5.92
35 1.93 0.09 0.14 0.14 0.38 0.10 0.05 0.51 0.12 3.47 3.03 6.51
40 2.08 0.09 0.16 0.15 0.42 0.10 0.05 0.58 0.14 3.78 3.49 7.27
45 2.30 0.10 0.17 0.16 0.46 0.10 0.05 0.69 0.16 4.20 4.11 8.30
50 2.63 0.10 0.19 0.17 0.50 0.10 0.05 0.83 0.20 4.77 4.99 9.76
154
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness= 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 1.77 0.09 0.04 0.09 0.11 0.25 0.14 0.27 0.06 2.82 1.64 4.46
5 1.73 0.09 0.06 0.10 0.15 0.25 0.14 0.29 0.07 2.88 1.76 4.64
10 1.72 0.09 0.07 0.11 0.19 0.25 0.14 0.32 0.07 2.95 1.91 4.86
15 1.72 0.09 0.09 0.12 0.23 0.25 0.14 0.35 0.08 3.05 2.08 5.13
20 1.74 0.10 0.1 0 0.13 0.27 0.25 0.14 0.38 0.09 3.18 2.28 5.47
25 1.79 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.31 0.25 0.14 0.42 0.10 3.35 2.53 5.88
30 1.87 0.10 0.13 0.14 0.35 0.25 0.14 0.47 0.11 3.56 2.84 6.40
35 1.99 0.10 0.15 0.15 0.38 0.25 0.14 0.54 0.13 3.83 3.24 7.06
40 2.17 0.10 0.16 0.16 0.42 0.25 0.14 0.63 0.15 4.18 3.76 7.94
45 2.44 0.10 0.18 0.17 0.46 0.25 0.14 0.75 0.18 4.66 4.49 9.15
50 2.85 0.11 0.19 0.18 0.50 0.25 0.14 0.93 0.22 5.36 5.56 10.92

Roughness= 5000
Cost Cost Cost
0 1.74 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.11 0.39 0.22 0.28 0.07 3.06 1.69 4.75
5 1.72 0.10 0.07 0.11 0.15 0.39 0.22 0.31 0.07 3.13 1.83 4.95
10 1.71 0.10 0.08 0.1 2 0.19 0.39 0.22 0.33 0.08 3.21 1.98 5.20
15 1.72 0.10 0.10 0.13 0.23 0.39 0.22 0.36 0.09 3.33 2.17 5.50
20 1.75 0.10 0.11 0.14 0.27 0.39 0.22 0.40 0.09 3.47 2.39 5.87
25 1.82 0.11 0.13 0.14 0.31 0.39 0.22 0.45 0.10 3.66 2.67 6.33
30 1.92 0.11 0.14 0.15 0.35 0.39 0.22 0.50 0.12 3.89 3.02 6.91
35 2.06 0.11 0.16 0.16 0.38 0.39 0.22 0.58 0.14 4.20 3.47 7.67
40 2.28 0.11 0.17 0.17 0.42 0.39 0.22 0.68 0.16 4.61 4.08 8.68
45 2.61 0.11 0.19 0.18 0.46 0.39 0.22 0.83 0.19 5.18 4.94 10.12
50 3.12 0.11 0.20 0.19 0.50 0.39 0.22 1.05 0.25 6.03 6.28 12.31
155
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 6000
Cost Cost Cost
0 1.72 0.11 0.06 0.11 0.11 0.54 0.30 0.29 0.07 3.30 1.76 5.06
5 1.71 0.11 0.07 0.12 0.15 0.54 0.30 0.32 0.07 3.38 1.90 5.28
10 1.71 0.11 0.09 0.13 0.19 0.54 0.30 0.35 0.08 3.48 2.07 5.55
15 1.73 0.11 0.10 0.14 0.23 0.54 0.30 0.38 0.09 3.61 2.27 5.88
20 1.78 0.11 0.12 0.14 0.27 0.54 0.30 0.42 0.10 3.77 2.52 6.29
25 1.85 0.:11 0.13 0.15 0.31 0.54 0.30 0.47 0.11 3.98 2.83 6.81
30 1.98 0.12 0.15 0.16 0.35 0.54 0.30 0.54 0.13 4.25 3.22 7.46
35 2.15 0.1 2 0.16 0.17 0.38 0.54 0.30 0.62 0.15 4.60 3.73 8.33
40 2.42 0.12 0.18 0.18 0.42 0.54 0.30 0.74 0.17 5.07 4.45 9.52
45 2.82 0.12 0.19 0.19 0.46 0.54 0.30 0.92 0.22 5.76 5.51 11.26
50 3.48 0.13 0.21 0.20 0.50 0.54 0.30 1.21 0.28 6.84 7.22 14.06

Financial Cost of Operation of Two Wheelers on Four Lane Divided Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.28 0.08 0.03 0.07 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.05 2.83 1.23 4.05
5 2.19 0.08 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.05 2.82 1.29 4.10
10 2.12 0.08 0.06 0.09 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.05 2.82 1.36 4.17
15 2.05 0.08 0.07 0.10 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.06 2.83 1.44 4.26
20 1.99 0 .08 0.09 0.11 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.06 2.85 1.52 4.38
25 1.95 0.08 0.11 0.12 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.06 2.89 1.62 4 .51
--
30 1.92 0.09 0.12 0.13 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.29 0.07 2.95 1.73 4.68
35 1.90 0.09 0.14 0.13 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.07 3.02 1.85 4.87
40 1.89 0.09 0.15 0.14 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.33 0.08 3.11 2.00 5.11
45 1.91 0.09 0.17 0.15 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.36 0.08 3.22 2.1 7 5.39
50 1.94 0.09 0.18 0.16 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.39 0.09 3.36 2.37 5.73
156
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.23 0.08 0.04 0.08 0.11 0.10 0.05 0.21 0.05 2.96 1.26 4.21
5 2.15 0.09 0.05 0.09 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.22 0.05 2.95 1.32 4.27
10 2.08 0.09 0.07 0.10 0.19 0.10 0.05 0.23 0.05 2.96 1.39 4.35
15 2.02 0.09 0.08 0.11 0.23 0.10 0.05 0.24 0.06 2.98 1.47 4.45
20 1.97 0.09 0.10 0.12 0.27 0.10 0.05 0.26 0.06 3.01 1.57 4.58
25 1.93 0.09 0.11 0.13 0.31 0.10 0.05 0.28 0.07 3.06 1.67 4.72
30 1.90 0.09 0.13 0.13 0.35 0.10 0.05 0.30 0.07 3.12 1.78 4.90
35 1.89 0.09 0.14 0.14 0.38 0.10 0.05 0.32 0.07 3.20 1.92 5.12
40 1.89 0.09 0.16 0.15 0.42 0.10 0.05 0.34 0.08 3.30 2.07 5.37
45 1.91 0.10 0.17 0.16 0.46 0.10 0.05 0.37 0.09 3.42 2.26 5.68
50 1.96 0.10 0.19 0.17 0.50 0.10 0.05 0.41 0.10 3.57 2.48 6.05

Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.19 0.09 0.04 0.09 0.11 0.25 0.14 0.21 0.05 3.17 1.29 4.45
5 2.11 0.09 0.06 0.10 0.15 0.25 0.14 0.22 0.05 3.17 1.36 4.52
10 2.04 0.09 0.07 0.11 0.19 0.25 0.14 0.24 0.06 3.18 1.43 4.61
15 1.99 0.09 0.09 0.12 0.23 0.25 0.14 0.25 0.06 3.21 1.52 4.72
20 1.94 0.10 0.10 0.13 0.27 0.25 0.14 0.27 0.06 3.25 1.61 4.86
25 1.91 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.31 0.25 0.14 0.29 0.07 3.30 1.72 5.02
30 1.89 0.10 0.13 0.14 0.35 0.25 0.14 0.31 0.07 3.37 1.85 5.22
35 1.88 0.10 0.15 0.15 0.38 0.25 0.14 0.33 0.08 3.46 1.99 5.45
40 1.90 0.10 0.16 0.16 0.42 0.25 0.14 0.36 0.08 3.57 2.16 5.73
45 1.93 0.10 0.18 0.17 0.46 0.25 0.14 0.39 0.09 3.71 2.36 6.07
50 1.98 0.11 0.19 0.18 0.50 0.25 0.14 0.43 0.10 3.87 2.60 6.47
157
IRC:SP:30-2019
Financial Cost of Operation of Two Wheelers on Six Lane Divided Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.38 0.08 0.02 0.07 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.05 2.90 1.18 4.09
5 2.29 0.08 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.05 2.89 1.24 4.13
10 2.20 0.08 0.06 0.08 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.05 2.88 1.31 4.18
15 2.13 0.08 0.07 0.09 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.05 2.88 1.38 4.26
20 2.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.06 2.90 1.45 4.35
25 2.01 0.08 0.10 0.11 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.06 2.93 1.54 4.47
30 1.97 0.08 0.12 0.12 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.06 2.97 1.64 4.61
35 1.94 0.08 0.13 0.13 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.29 0.07 3.03 1.75 4.78
40 1.93 0.08 0.15 0.14 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.07 3.10 1.88 4.99
45 1.92 0.08 0.16 0.15 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.34 0.08 3.20 2.03 5.23
50 1.94 0.09 0.18 0.15 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.37 0.09 3.31 2.21 5.52
Table VOC Two Wheelers 58 .

Roughness = 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.33 0.08 0.03 0.07 0.11 0.10 0.05 0.20 0.05 3.02 1.21 4.24
5 2.24 0.08 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.21 0.05 3.01 1.27 4.28
10 2.16 0.08 0.06 0.09 0.19 0.10 0.05 0.22 0.05 3.01 1.34 4.35
15 2.09 0.08 0.07 0.10 0.23 0.10 0.05 0.23 0.06 3.02 1.41 4.43
20 2.03 0.08 0.09 0.11 0.27 0.10 0.05 0.25 0.06 3.04 1.49 4.54
25 1.99 0.08 0.11 0.12 0.31 0.10 0.05 0.26 0.06 3.08 1.59 4.66
30 1.95 0.09 0.12 0.13 0.35 0.10 0.05 0.28 0.07 3.13 1.69 4.82
35 1.93 0.09 0.14 0.13 0.38 0.10 0.05 0.30 0.07 3.19 1.81 5.01
40 1.92 0.09 0.15 0.14 0.42 0.10 0.05 0.32 0.08 3.28 1.95 5.23
45 1.93 0.09 0.17 0.15 0.46 0.10 0.05 0.35 0.08 3.38 2.11 5.50
50 1.95 0.09 0.18 0.16 0.50 0.10 0.05 0.38 0.09 3.51 2.31 5.82
158
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.28 0.08 0.03 0.08 0.11 0.25 0.14 0.21 0.05 3.22 1.24 4.46
5 2.20 0.08 0.05 0.09 0.15 0.25 0.14 0.22 0.05 3.22 1.30 4.52
10 2.12 0.08 0.06 0.10 0.19 0.25 0.14 0.23 0.05 3.22 1.37 4.59
15 2.06 0.09 0.08 0.11 0.23 0.25 0.14 0.24 0.06 3.23 1.45 4.68
20 2.00 0.09 0.09 0.11 0.27 0.25 0.14 0.25 0.06 3.26 1.54 4.80
25 1.96 0.09 0.11 0.12 0.31 0.25 0.14 0.27 0.06 3.30 1.64 4.94
30 1.93 0.09 0.12 0.13 0.35 0.25 0.14 0.29 0.07 3.36 1.75 5.11
35 1.91 0.09 0.14 0.14 0.38 0.25 0.14 0.31 0.07 3.44 1.88 5.31
40 1.91 0.09 0.16 0.15 0.42 0.25 0.14 0.34 0.08 3.53 2.03 5.56
45 1.93 0.09 0.17 0.1 6 0.46 0.25 0.14 0.37 0.09 3.65 2.20 5.85
50 1.97 0.09 0.1 9 0.17 0.50 0.25 0.14 0.40 0.09 3.79 2.41 6.20

Financial Cost of Operation of Two Wheelers on Four Lane Divided Expressways Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.33 0.08 0.03 0.07 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.05 2.87 1.21 4.08
5 2.24 0.08 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.05 2.86 1.27 4.12
10 2.16 0.08 0.06 0.09 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.05 2.85 1.33 4.18
15 2.09 0.08 0.07 0.10 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.05 2.86 1.40 4.27
20 2.03 0.08 0.09 0.11 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.06 2.88 1.49 4.37
25 1.98 0.08 0.11 0.12 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.06 2.92 1.58 4.49
30 1.94 0.09 0.12 0.13 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.28 0.07 2.96 1.68 4.65
35 1.92 0.09 0.14 0.13 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.30 0.07 3.03 1.80 4.83
40 1.91 0.09 0.15 0.14 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.08 3.11 1.94 5.05
45 1.91 0.09 0.17 0.15 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.35 0.08 3.21 2.10 5.31
50 1.94 0.09 0.18 0.16 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.38 0.09 3.34 2.2,9 5.63
159
IRC:SP:30-2019
Roughness= 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.28 0.08 0.04 0.08 0.11 0.10 0.05 0.20 0.05 3.00 1.23 4.23
5 2.20 0.09 0.05 0.09 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.21 0.05 2.99 1.30 4.29
10 2.12 0.09 0.07 0.10 0.19 0.10 0.05 0.23 0.05 2.99 1.37 4.36
15 2.05 0.09 0.08 0.11 0.23 0.10 0.05 0.24 0.06 3.01 1.44 4.45
20 2.00 0.09 0.1 0 0.12 0.27 0.10 0.05 0.25 0.06 3.04 1.53 4.56
25 1.96 0.09 0.11 0.13 0.31 0.10 0.05 0.27 0.06 3.08 1.63 4.70
30 1.92 0.09 0.13 0.13 0.35 0.10 0.05 0.29 0.07 3.13 1.74 4.87
35 1.91 0.09 0.14 0.14 0.38 0.10 0.05 0.31 0.07 3.21 1.86 5.07
40 1.90 0.09 0.1 6 0.15 0.42 0.10 0.05 0.33 0.08 3.30 2.01 5.31
45 1.92 0.10 0.17 0.16 0.46 0.10 0.05 0.36 0.09 3.41 2.18 5.60
50 1.95 0.10 0.19 0.17 0.50 0.10 0.05 0.40 0.09 3.55 2.39 5.94

Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.23 0.09 0.04 0.09 0.11 0.25 0.14 0.21 0.05 3.21 1.26 4.47
5 2.15 0.09 0.06 0.10 0.15 0.25 0.14 0.22 0.05 3.21 1.33 4.53
10 2.08 0.09 0.07 0.11 0.19 0.25 0.14 0.23 0.05 3.21 1.40 4.61
15 2.02 0.09 0.09 0.12 0.23 0.25 0.14 0.25 0.06 3.23 1.48 4.72
20 1.97 0.10 0.10 0.13 0.27 0.25 0.14 0.26 0.06 3.27 1.57 4.84
25 1.93 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.31 0.25 0.14 0.28 0.07 3.32 1.68 4.99
30 1.91 0.10 0.13 0.14 0.35 0.25 0.14 0.30 0.07 3.38 1.80 5.18
35 1.90 0.10 0.15 0.15 0.38 0.25 0.14 0.32 0.08 3.46 1.93 5.39
40 1.90 0.10 0.16 0.16 0.42 0.25 0.1 4 0.35 0.08 3.56 2.09 5.65
45 1.93 0.10 0.18 0.17 0.46 0.25 0.14 0.38 0.09 3.69 2.28 5.97
50 1.97 0.11 0.19 0.18 0.50 0.25 0.14 0.41 0.10 3.85 2.50 6.35
160
IRC:SP:30-2019
Financial Cost of Operation of Two Wheelers on Six Lane Divided Expressways Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.38 0.08 0.02 0.07 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.05 2.90 1.18 4.09
5 2.29 0.08 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.05 2.89 1.24 4.13
10 2.20 0.08 0.06 0.08 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.05 2.88 1.31 4.18
15 2.13 0.08 0.07 0.09 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.05 2.88 1.38 4.26
20 2.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.06 2.90 1.45 4.35
25 2.01 0.08 0.10 0.11 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.06 2.93 1.54 4.47
30 1.97 0.08 0.12 0.12 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.06 2.97 1.64 4.61
35 1.94 0.08 0.13 0.13 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.29 0.07 3.03 1.75 4.78
40 1.93 0.08 0.15 0.14 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.07 3.10 1.88 4.99
45 1.92 0.08 0.16 0.15 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.34 0.08 3.20 2.03 5.23
50 1.94 0.09 0.18 0.15 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.37 0.09 3.31 2.21 5.52

Financial Cost of Operation of Two Wheelers on Six Lane Divided Expressways Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.33 0.08 0.03 0.07 0.11 0.10 0.05 0.20 0.05 3.02 1.21 4.24
5 2.24 0.08 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.21 0.05 3.01 1.27 4.28
10 2.16 0.08 0.06 0.09 0.19 0.10 0.05 0.22 0.05 3.01 1.34 4.35
15 2.09 0.08 0.07 0.10 0.23 0.10 0.05 0.23 0.06 3.02 1.41 4.43
20 2.03 0.08 0.09 0.11 0.27 0.10 0.05 0.25 0.06 3.04 1.49 4.54
25 1.99 0.08 0.11 0.12 0.31 0.10 0.05 0.26 0.06 3.08 1.59 4.66
30 1.95 0.09 0.12 0.13 0.35 0.10 0.05 0.28 0.07 3.13 1.69 4.82
35 1.93 0.09 0.14 0.13 0.38 0.10 0.05 0.30 0.07 3.19 1.81 5.01
40 1.92 0.09 0.15 0.14 0.42 0.10 0.05 0.32 0.08 3.28 1.95 5.23
45 1.93 0.09 0.17 0.15 0.46 0.10 0.05 0.35 0.08 3.38 2.11 5.50
50 1.95 0.09 0.18 0.16 0.50 0.10 0.05 0.38 0.09 3.51 2.31 5.82
161
IRC:SP:30-2019
Financial Cost of Operation of Two Wheelers on Six Lane Divided Expressways Roads (Rs/km}
Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.28 0.08 0.03 0.08 0.11 0.25 0.14 0.21 0.05 3.22 1.24 4.46
5 2.20 0.08 0.05 0.09 0.15 0.25 0.14 0.22 0.05 3.22 1.30 4.52
10 2.12 0.08 0.06 0.10 0.19 0.25 0.14 0.23 0.05 3.22 1.37 4.59
15 2.06 0.09 0.08 0.11 0.23 0.25 0.14 0.24 0.06 3.23 1.45 4.68
20 2.00 0.09 0.09 0.11 0.27 0.25 0.14 0.25 0.06 3.26 1.54 4.80
25 1.96 0.09 0.11 0.12 0.31 0.25 0.14 0.27 0.06 3.30 1.64 4.94
30 1.93 0.09 0.12 0.13 0.35 0.25 0.14 0.29 0.07 3.36 1.75 5.11
35 1.91 0.09 0.14 0.14 0.38 0.25 0.14 0.31 0.07 3.44 1.88 5.31
40 1.91 0.09 0.16 0.15 0.42 0.25 0.14 0.34 0.08 3.53 2.03 5.56
45 1.93 0.09 0.17 0.16 0.46 0.25 0.14 0.37 0.09 3.65 2.20 5.85
50 1.97 0.09 0.19 0.17 0.50 0.25 0.14 0.40 0.09 3.79 2.41 6.20

Financial Cost of Operation of Two Wheelers on Eight Lane Divided Urban Expressways Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.44 0.07 0.02 0.06 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.05 2.95 1.16 4.11
5 2.34 0.08 0.04 0.07 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.05 2.92 1.22 4.14
10 2.25 0.08 0.05 0.08 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.05 2.91 1.28 4.19
15 2.17 0.08 0.07 0.09 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.05 2.91 1.35 4.26
20 2.10 0.08 0.08 0.10 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.06 2.92 1.42 4.35
25 2.05 0.08 0.10 0.11 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.06 2.95 1.51 4.45
30 2.00 0.08 0.11 0.12 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.06 2.98 1.60 4.58
35 1.96 0.08 0.13 0.13 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.28 0.07 3.03 1.71 4 .74
40! 11.94 0.08 0.14 0.13 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.30 0.07 3.10 1.83 4.94
45 1.94 0.08 0.16 0.14 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.33 0.08 3.19 1.97 5.16
50 1.95 0.08 0.17 0.15 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.35 0.08 3.30 2.14 5.44
162
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOe Two Wheelers 67
Roughness = 3000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.38 0.08 0.03 0.07 0.11 0.10 0.05 0.20 0.05 3.06 1.19 4.25
5 2.29 0.08 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.21 0.05 3.04 1.25 4.29
10 2.21 0.08 0.06 0.09 0.19 0.10 0.05 0.22 0.05 3.04 1.31 4.35
15 2.13 0.08 0.07 0.10 0.23 0.10 0.05 0.23 0.05 3.04 1.38 4.42
20 2.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.27 0.10 0.05 0.24 0.06 3.06 1.46 4.52
25 2.02 0.08 0.10 0.11 0.31 0.10 0.05 0.26 0.06 3.09 1.55 4.64
30 1.98 0.08 0.12 0.12 0.35 0.10 0.05 0.27 0.06 3.13 1.65 4.78
35 1.95 0.08 0.13 0.13 0.38 0.10 0.05 0.29 0.07 3.19 1.77 4.96
40 1.93 0.08 0.15 0.14 0.42 0.10 0.05 0.31 0.07 3.27 1.90 5.17
45 1.93 0.09 0.16 0.15 0.46 0.10 0.05 0.34 0.08 3.37 2.05 5.42
50 1.95 0.09 0.18 0.16 0.50 0.10 0.05 0.37 0.09 3.49 2.23 5.71

Roughness = 4000
Cost Cost Cost
0 2.33 0.08 0.03 0.07 0.11 0.25 0.14 0.20 0.05 3.25 1.22 4.47
5 2.24 0.08 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.25 0.14 0.21 0.05 3.24 1.28 4.52
10 2.16 0.08 0.06 0.09 0.19 0.25 0.14 0.22 0.05 3.24 1.34 4.59
15 2.10 0.08 0.07 0.10 0.23 0.25 0.14 0.24 0.06 3.25 1.42 4.67
20 2.04 0.08 0.09 0.11 0.27 0.25 0.14 0.25 0.06 3.27 1.50 4.78
25 1.99 0.08 0.11 0.12 0.31 0.25 0.14 0.26 0.06 3.31 1.60 4.91
30 1.96 0.09 0.12 0.13 0.35 0.25 0.14 0.28 0.07 3.36 1.70 5.07
35 1.93 0.09 0.14 0.13 0.38 0.25 0.14 0.30 0.07 3.43 1.83 5.26
40 1.93 0.09 0.15 0.14 0.42 0.25 0.14 0.33 0.08 3.52 1.97 5.48
45 1.94 0.09 0.17 0.15 0.46 0.25 0.14 0.35 0.08 3.62 2.13 5.75
50 1.96 0.09 0.18 0.16 0.50 0.25 0.14 0.39 0.09 3.75 2.33 6.08
163
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC Buses 1
Economic Cost of Operation of Buses on Single Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
RF Fuel Tyre Engine Other Grease Spare Maintenance Fixed Depre- Crew Total Passe- Grand
Cost Cost Oil Oil Cost Parts Cost Cost ciation Cost Cost nger Cost
Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost
0 5.20 2.04 0.16 0.06 0.12 1.79 2.10 1.28 0.37 6.27 19.40 15.80 35.20
5 5.44 2.15 0.16 0.06 0.12 1.85 2.18 1.33 0.38 6.52 20.21 16.42 36.62
10 5.70 2.27 0.16 0.06 0.12 1.92 2.27 1.39 0.40 6.78 21.07 17.09 38.16
15 5.96 2.40 0.16 0.06 0.13 2.00 2 .35 1.45 0.41 7.07 21.99 17.81 39.81
20 6.25 2.54 0.17 0.06 0.13 2.07 2.44 1.51 0.43 7.39 22.99 18.60 41.59
25 6.55 2.71 0.17 0.06 0.13 2.15 2.53 1.58 0.45 7.73 24.06 19.46 43.53
30 6.87 2.90 0.17 0.06 0.14 2.23 2.63 1.66 0.47 8.10 25.23 20.41 45.64
35 7.22 3.12 0.17 0.06 0.14 2.31 2.72 1.74 0.50 8.52 26.50 21.45 47.96
40 7.59 3.37 0.17 0.06 0.14 2.40 2.83 1.84 0.53 8.98 27.90 22.61 50.51
45 7.99 3.67 0.17 0.06 0.14 2.49 2.93 1.94 0.56 9.49 29.45 23.90 53 .34
50 8.42 4.02 0.17 0.06 0.15 2.58 3.04 2.06 0.59 10.06 31.17 25 .34 56.51
Table VOC Buses 2

Roughness = 3000
0 5.23 2.11 0.20 0.08 0.12 1.92 2.26 1.33 0.38 6.49 20.12 16.35 36.47
5 5.49 2.23 0.20 0.08 0.12 1.99 2.35 1.38 0.40 6.75 20.98 17.01 37.99
10 5.75 2.35 0.20 0.08 0.12 2.07 2.44 1.44 0.41 7.04 21.90 17.73 39.63
15 6.04 2.49 0.20 0.08 0.13 2.14 2.53 1.50 0.43 7.35 22.89 18.51 41.41
20 6.34 2.65 0.21 0.08 0.13 2.23 2.62 1.57 0.45 7.69 23.96 19.37 43.33
25 6.66 2.84 0.21 0.08 0.13 2.31 2 .72 1.65 0.47 8.06 25.12 20.30 45.43
30 7.00 3.04 0.21 0.08 0.14 2.40 2.82 1.73 0.50 8.47 26.38 21.34 47.72
35 7.37 3.28 0.21 0.08 0.14 2.49 2.93 1.83 0.52 8.93 27 .76 22.48 50.24
40 7.76 3.57 0.21 0.08 0.14 2.58 3.04 1.93 0.55 9.43 29.29 23.75 53.04
45 8.19 3.90 0.21 0.08 0.14 2.68 3.15 2.05 0.59 10.00 30.98 25.18 56.16
50 8.66 4.31 0.21 0.08 0.15 2.78 3.27 2.18 0.62 10.63 32.89 26.79 59.67
164
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table voe Buses 3
Roughness = 4000
0 5.28 2.19 0.24 0.09 0.12 2.06 2.43 1.38 0.39 6.72 20.90 16.94 37.84
5 5.54 2.31 0.24 0.09 0.12 2.14 2.52 1.43 0.41 7.01 21 .82 17.65 39.47
10 5.82 2.45 0.24 0.09 0.12 2.22 2.62 1.50 0.43 7.32 22.81 18.43 41 .23
15 6.12 2.60 0.24 0.09 0.13 2.31 2.72 1.57 0.45 7.65 23.87 19.27 43.14
20 6.44 2.77 0.24 0.09 0.13 2.39 2.82 1.64 0.47 8.02 25.02 20.20 45.22
25 6.78 2.97 0.25 0.09 0.13 2.48 2.92 1.72 0.49 8.43 26.27 21.22 47.49
30 7.14 3.20 0.25 0.09 0.14 2.58 3.03 1.82 0.52 8.87 27.64 22.35 49.99
35 7.54 3.47 0.25 0.09 0.14 2.67 3.15 1.92 0.55 9.37 29.15 23.61 52.76
40 7.96 3.79 0.25 0.09 0.14 2.77 3.27 2.03 0.58 9.93 30.82 25.02 55.84
45 8.43 4.17 0.25 0.09 0.14 2.88 3.39 2.16 0.62 10.56 32 .69 26.60 59.29
50 8.94 4.63 0.25 0.09 0.15 2.98 3.52 2.31 0.66 11.28 34.81 28.40 63.21
Table VOe Buses 4

Roughness= 5000
0 5.33 2.27 0.28 0.10 0.12 2.22 2.61 1.43 0.41 6.98 21.75 17.57 39.32
5 5.61 2.40 0.28 0.10 0.12 2.30 2.71 1.49 0.43 7.28 22.73 18.34 41.07
10 5.91 2.55 0.28 0.10 0.12 2.39 2.81 1.56 0.45 7.61 23.79 19.18 42.96
15 6.22 2.72 0.28 0.10 0.13 2.48 2.92 1.63 0.47 7.98 24.93 20 .10 45.02
20 6.56 2.91 0.28 0.10 0.13 2.57 3.03 1.72 0.49 8.38 26.17 21.11 47 .28
25 6.92 3.13 0.29 0.11 0.13 2.67 3.14 1.81 0.52 8.82 27.53 22.22 49.75
30 7.31 3.38 0.29 0.11 0.14 2.77 3.26 1.91 0.55 9.32 29.02 23.47 52.48
35 7.73 3.68 0.29 0.11 0.14 2.87 3.38 2.02 0.58 9.87 30.67 24.86 55.53
40 8.19 4.04 0.29 0.11 0.14 2.98 3.51 2.15 0.61 10.49 32.51 26.42 58 .93
45 8.70 4.47 0.29 0.11 0.14 3.09 3.64 2.29 0.66 11.20 34.59 28.20 62.79
50 9.26 5.01 0.29 0.11 0.15 3.21 3.78 2.46 0.70 12.00 36.97 30.23 67.20
165
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC Buses 5
Roughness= 6000
0 5.40 2.36 0.32 0.12 0.12 2.39 2.81 1.48 0.42 7.25 22.66 18.25 40.91
5 5.69 2.50 0.32 0.12 0.12 2.48 2.92 1.55 0.44 7.58 23.71 19.08 42 .80
10 6.01 2.66 0.32 0.1 2 0.12 2.57 3.03 1.62 0.46 7.94 24.85 19.99 44.84
15 6.34 2.84 0.32 0.1 2 0.1 3 2.66 3.14 1.71 0.49 8.33 26.08 20.99 47.07
20 6.70 3.05 0.32 0.12 0.13 2.76 3.26 1.80 0.51 8.77 27.43 22.10 49.53
25 7.09 3.29 0.33 0.12 0.13 2.87 3.38 1.90 0.54 9.26 28.90 23.33 52.23
30 7.50 3.58 0.33 0.12 0.1 4 2.98 3.51 2.01 0.57 9.81 30.53 24.70 55.23
35 7.96 3.91 0.33 0.1 2 0.14 3.09 3.64 2.13 0.61 10.42 32 .35 26.24 58.59
40 8.46 4.32 0.33 0.12 0.14 3.20 3.77 2.28 0.65 11.12 34.39 28.00 62.39
45 9.01 4.82 0.33 0.12 0.14 3.32 3.92 2.44 0.70 11.91 36.72 30.00 66.72
50 9.63 5.46 0.33 0.12 0.15 3.45 4.06 2.63 0.75 12.83 39.41 32.31 71.71
Table voe Buses 6

Roughness= 7000
0 5.48 2.45 0.36 0.13 0.12 2.56 3.02 1.54 0.44 7.54 23.65 18.99 42.64
5 5.79 2.61 0.36 0.13 0.12 2.66 3.13 1.62 0.46 7.90 24.78 19.89 44.67
10 6.12 2.78 0.36 0.13 0.12 2.76 3.25 1.70 0.49 8.29 26.00 20.88 46 .88
15 6.48 2.98 0.36 0.13 0.13 2.86 3.37 1.79 0.51 8.72 27.34 21.97 49.31
20 6.86 3.21 0.36 0.13 0.13 2.97 3.50 1.88 0.54 9.21 28.80 23.19 51.99
25 7.28 3.48 0.36 0.13 0.13 3.08 3.63 1.99 0.57 9.74 30.41 24.54 54.96
30 7.73 3.80 0.37 0.13 0.1 4 3.20 3.77 2.12 0.61 10.35 32.20 26.07 58.27
35 8.22 4.18 0.37 0.13 0.1 4 3.32 3.91 2.26 0.65 11.04 34.21 27.80 62.01
40 8.77 4.65 0.37 0.13 0.14 3.44 4.06 2.42 0.69 11.82 36.50 29.77 66.26
45 9.38 5.24 0.37 0.13 0.14 3.57 4.21 2.60 0.74 12.72 39.12 32.04 71 .16
50 10.07 5.99 0.37 0.13 0.15 3.71 4.37 2.82 0.81 13.77 42.19 34.69 76.88
166
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC Buses 7
Roughness= 8000
0 5.58 2.55 0.40 0.15 0.12 2.76 3.25 1.61 0.46 7.86 24 .72 19.79 44.51
5 5.90 2.72 0.40 0.15 0.12 2.86 3.37 1.69 0.48 8.25 25.94 20.77 46.71
10 6.26 2.91 0.40 0.15 0.12 2.97 3.50 1.78 0.51 8.68 27 .26 21 .85 49.11
15 6.64 3.13 0.40 0.1 5 0.13 3.08 3.63 1.87 0.54 9.15 28.71 23.05 51.76
20 7.05 3.39 0.40 0.15 0.13 3.19 3.76 1.98 0.57 9.68 30.31 24.39 54.70
25 7.50 3.69 0.40 0.15 0.13 3.31 3.90 2.10 0.60 10.28 32.08 25.90 57.97
30 7.99 4.05 0.41 0.15 0.14 3.44 4.05 2.24 0.64 10.96 34 .06 27.60 61 .66
35 8.53 4.49 0.41 0.1 5 0.14 3.57 4.20 2.40 0.69 11.73 36.30 29.54 65.84
40 9.13 5.03 0.41 0.15 0.14 3.70 4.36 2.58 0.74 12.62 38 .86 31.78 70.64
45 9.81 5.73 0.41 0.15 0.1 4 3.84 4.53 2.79 0.80 13.65 41 .85 34.38 76.24
50 10.60 6.64 0.41 0.15 0.15 3.99 4.70 3.04 0.87 14.87 45.41 37.45 82.87
Table VOC Buses 8

Economic Cost of Operation of Buses on Intermediate Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 5.29 1.96 0.13 0.06 0.13 1.52 1.79 1.16 0.33 5.65 18.01 14.23 32.25
5 5.49 2.06 0.14 0.06 0.13 1.57 1.85 1.20 0.34 5.87 18.72 14.78 33.50
10 5.71 2.16 0.14 0.06 0.13 1.63 1.92 1.25 0.36 6.10 19.47 15.37 34.84
15 5.94 2.28 0.14 0.06 0.14 1.69 2.00 1.30 0.37 6.36 20.28 16.01 36.29
20 6.18 2.41 0.14 0.06 0.14 1.76 2.07 1.36 0.39 6.63 21.15 16.70 37.85
25 6.44 2.56 0.14 0.06 0.14 1.82 2.15 1.42 0.41 6.93 22 .09 17.46 39.55
30 6.72 2.73 0.14 0.06 0.15 1.89 2.23 1.49 0.43 7.26 23.11 18.29 41.40
35 7.02 2.92 0.14 0.06 0.15 1.96 2.31 1.56 0.45 7.63 24.22 19.21 43.42
40 7.35 3.14 0.15 0.06 0.15 2.04 2.40 1.64 0.47 8.03 25.43 20.21 45.65
45 7.70 3.40 0.15 0.06 0.16 2.11 2.49 1.73 0.50 8.47 26.77 21.33 48.11
50 8.08 3.71 0.15 0.06 0.16 2.1 9 2.58 1.84 0.52 8.97 28.26 22.59 50.85
167
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC Buses 9
Roughness = 3000
0 5.30 2.02 0.16 0.08 0.13 1.63 1.92 1.18 0.34 5.78 18.54 14.56 33.11
5 5.51 2.13 0.16 0.08 0.13 1.69 1.99 1.23 0.35 6.01 19.28 15.14 34.42
10 5.73 2.24 0.16 0.08 0.13 1.76 2.07 1.28 0.37 6.26 20.08 15.75 35.83
15 5.97 2.37 0.17 0.08 0.14 1.82 2.15 1.34 0.38 6.52 20.93 16.43 37.36
20 6.23 2.51 0.17 0.08 0.14 1.89 2.23 1.39 0.40 6.81 21.85 17.16 39 .01
25 6.50 2.67 0.17 0.08 0.14 1.96 2.31 1.46 0.42 7.13 22.84 17.96 40.80
30 6.79 2.86 0.17 0.08 0.15 2.03 2.40 1.53 0.44 7.48 23.93 18.84 42.76
35 7.11 3.07 0.17 0.08 0.15 2.11 2.49 1.61 0.46 7.86 25.11 19.81 44.92
40 7.45 3.31 0.17 0.08 0.15 2.19 2.58 1.70 0.49 8.29 26.41 20 .88 47 .29
45 7.81 3.60 0.17 0.08 0.16 2.27 2.68 1.79 0.51 8.77 27.85 22.08 49.93
50 8.21 3.95 0.18 0.08 0.16 2.36 2.78 1.90 0.54 9.30 29.46 23.43 52.88
Table VOC Buses 10

Roughness = 4000
0 5.31 2.09 0.19 0.09 0.13 1.75 2.07 1.21 0.35 5.92 19.11 14.91 34.01
5 5.53 2.20 0.19 0.09 0.13 1.82 2.14 1.26 0.36 6.16 19.89 15.51 35.39
10 5.76 2.33 0.19 0.09 0.13 1.89 2.22 1.31 0.38 6.42 20.72 16.16 36.88
15 6.01 2.46 0.19 0.09 0.14 1.96 2.31 1.37 0.39 6.70 21.62 16.87 38.49
20 6.28 2.62 0.19 0.09 0.14 2.03 2.39 1.43 0.41 7.00 22.60 17.64 40.24
25 6.56 2.80 0.20 0.09 0.14 2.11 2.48 1.50 0.43 7.34 23 .65 18.49 42 .14
30 6.87 3.00 0.20 0.09 0.15 2.19 2.58 1.58 0.45 7.71 24.81 19.42 44.23
35 7.20 3.23 0.20 0.09 0.15 2.27 2.67 1.66 0.48 8.12 26 .07 20.45 46.52
40 7.55 3.50 0.20 0.09 0.15 2.35 2.77 1.76 0.50 8.58 27.47 21.60 49.06
45 7.94 3.83 0.20 0.09 0.16 2.44 2.88 1.86 0.53 9.08 29.02 22.88 51.90
50 8.36 4.22 0.20 0.09 0.16 2.53 2.99 1.98 0.57 9.66 30.76 24.33 55.09
168
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC Buses 11
Roughness = 5000
0 5.33 2.17 0.22 0.10 0.13 1.88 2.22 1.24 0.35 6.06 19.71 15.27 34.98
5 5.56 2.29 0.22 0.10 0.13 1.96 2.30 1.29 0.37 6.31 20.53 15.90 36.43
10 5.80 2.42 0.22 0.1 0 0.13 2.03 2.39 1.35 0.39 6.58 21.41 16.58 38.00
15 6.06 2.57 0.22 0.10 0.14 2.11 2.48 1.41 0.40 6.88 22.37 17.33 39.70
20 6.34 2.74 0.22 0.10 0.14 2.18 2.57 1.47 0.42 7.20 23.40 18.15 41.55
25 6.64 2.93 0.22 0.11 0.14 2.27 2.67 1.55 0.44 7.56 24.53 19.04 43.57
30 6.95 3.15 0.22 0.11 0.15 2.35 2.77 1.63 0.47 7.95 25.75 20.04 45.79
35 7.30 3.41 0.23 0.1 1 0.15 2.44 2.87 1.72 0.49 8.39 27.11 21.14 48.24
40 7.67 3.72 0.23 0.11 0.15 2.53 2.98 1.82 0.52 8.88 28.61 22.36 50.97
45 8.08 4.08 0.23 0.11 0.16 2.63 3.09 1.93 0.55 9.43 30.28 23.74 54.03
50 8.53 4.53 0.23 0.11 0.16 2.72 3.21 2.06 0.59 10.05 32 .18 25.30 57.48
Table VOC Buses 12

Roughness = 6000
0 5.36 2.25 0.24 0.12 0.13 2.03 2.39 1.27 0.36 6.21 20.35 15.65 36.00
5 5.59 2.37 0.24 0.12 0.13 2.10 2.48 1.33 0.38 6.48 21.22 16.31 37.53
10 5.85 2.52 0.25 0.12 0.13 2.18 2.57 1.38 0.40 6.76 22.15 17.03 39.19
15 6.12 2.68 0.25 0.12 0.14 2.26 2.67 1.45 0.41 7.07 23.17 17.82 40.98
20 6.41 2.87 0.25 0.12 0.14 2.35 2.77 1.52 0.43 7.42 24.26 18.68 42.95
25 6.72 3.08 0.25 0.1 2 0.14 2.44 2.87 1.60 0.46 7.80 25.46 19.64 45.10
30 7.05 3.32 0.25 0.12 0.15 2.53 2.98 1.68 0.48 8.22 26 .78 20.69 47.47
35 7.41 3.61 0.25 0.12 0.15 2.62 3.09 1.78 0.51 8.68 28.23 21.87 50.10
40 7.81 3.96 0.25 0.12 0.15 2.72 3.21 1.88 0.54 9.21 29.85 23.19 53.03
45 8.24 4.37 0.26 0.12 0.16 2.82 3.33 2.01 0.57 9.80 31.67 24.67 56.34
50 8.71 4.89 0.26 0.12 0.16 2.93 3.45 2.14 0.61 10.47 33.74 26.36 60.10
169
I RC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC Buses 13
Roughness = 7000
0 5.39 2.33 0.27 0.13 0.13 2.18 2.57 1.30 0.37 6.37 21 .04 16.04 37.08
5 5.63 2.47 0.27 0.13 0.13 2.26 2.66 1.36 0.39 6.65 21.96 16.74 38.70
10 5.90 2.63 0.27 0.13 0.13 2.34 2.76 1.42 0.41 6.95 22.95 17.50 40.45
15 6.18 2.80 0.27 0.13 0.14 2.43 2.87 1.49 0.43 7.28 24.02 18.34 42.36
20 6.48 3.01 0.28 0.13 0.14 2.52 2.97 1.57 0.45 7.64 25.19 19.25 44.44
25 6.80 3.24 0.28 0.13 0.14 2.62 3.09 1.65 0.47 8.05 26.47 20.27 46.74
30 7.16 3.51 0.28 0.13 0.15 2.72 3.20 1.74 0.50 8.49 27.88 21.40 49.27
35 7.54 3.84 0.28 0.13 0.15 2.82 3.32 1.84 0.53 8.99 29.44 22.65 52.10
40 7.95 4.23 0.28 0.13 0.15 2.93 3.45 1.96 0.56 9.56 31.20 24.07 55.27
45 8.41 4.71 0.28 0.13 0.16 3.03 3.58 2.09 0.60 10.19 33.18 25.68 58.86
50 8.92 5.31 0.28 0.13 0.16 3.15 3.71 2.24 0.64 10.92 35.47 27.51 62.98
Table VOC Buses 14

Roughness = 8000
0 5.42 2.42 0.30 0.15 0.13 2.34 2.76 1.34 0.38 6.54 21.77 16.46 38.24
5 5.68 2.57 0.30 0.15 0.13 2.43 2.86 1.40 0.40 6.83 22 .75 17.20 39.94
10 5.95 2.74 0.30 0.15 0.13 2.52 2.97 1.46 0.42 7.15 23.80 18.00 41 .80
15 6.25 2.94 0.30 0.15 0.14 2.62 3.08 1.54 0.44 7.50 24.94 18.89 43.82
20 6.56 3.16 0.30 0.15 0.14 2.71 3.20 1.61 0.46 7.89 26.18 19.86 46.05
25 6.90 3.42 0.30 0.15 0.14 2.82 3.32 1.70 0.49 8.31 27.55 20.94 48.50
30 7.27 3.73 0.30 0.15 0.15 2.92 3.44 1.80 0.51 8.79 29.07 22.15 51.22
35 7.67 4.10 0.31 0.15 0.15 3.03 3.57 1.91 0.55 9.33 30 .76 23.50 54.26
40 8.11 4.54 0.31 0.15 0.15 3.14 3.70 2.03 0.58 9.94 32 .67 25.03 57.69
45 8.60 5.10 0.31 0.15 0.16 3.26 3.84 2.18 0.62 10.63 34.85 26.77 61.62
50 9.14 5.82 0.31 0.15 0.16 3.38 3.99 2.34 0.67 11.42 37 .38 28.77 66.15
170
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC Buses 15
Economic Cost of Operation of Buses on Two Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 5.33 1.89 0.12 0.06 0.14 1.41 1.66 1.12 0.32 5.49 17.55 13.83 31.38
5 5.52 1.98 0.12 0.06 0.14 1.46 1.72 1.17 0.33 5.70 18.21 14.36 32.57
10 5.73 2.08 0.13 0.06 0.14 1.52 1.79 1.21 0.35 5.93 18.93 14.93 33.85
15 5.95 2.19 0.13 0.06 0.15 1.57 1.85 1.26 0.36 6.17 19.69 15.54 35.24
20 6.18 2.31 0.13 0.06 0.15 1.63 1.92 1.32 0.38 6.44 20.52 16.21 36.73
25 6.43 2.45 0.13 0.06 0.15 1.69 1.99 1.38 0.39 6.72 21.41 16.94 38.34
30 6.70 2.60 0.13 0.06 0.16 1.76 2.07 1.44 0.41 7.04 22.37 17.73 40.10
35 6.99 2.78 0.13 0.06 0.16 1.82 2.15 1.51 0.43 7.39 23.42 18.61 42.03
40 7.30 2.97 0.13 0.06 0.16 1.89 2.23 1.59 0.45 7.77 24.57 19.57 44.14
45 7.63 3.20 0.14 0.06 0.17 1.96 2.31 1.68 0.48 8.20 25.83 20.64 46.47
50 7.99 3.47 0.14 0.06 0.17 2.04 2.40 1.77 0.51 8.67 27.22 21.84 49.06
Table VOC Buses 16

Roughness = 3000
0 5.34 1.95 0.14 0.08 0.14 1.51 1.78 1.14 0.33 5.59 18.01 14.08 32.09
5 5.54 2.05 0.15 0.08 0.14 1.57 1.85 1.19 0.34 5.81 18.70 14.62 33.33
10 5.75 2.15 0.15 0.08 0.14 1.63 1.92 1.24 0.35 6.04 19.45 15.21 34.66
15 5.98 2.27 0.15 0.08 0.15 1.69 1.99 1.29 0.37 6.29 20.25 15.85 36.11
20 6.22 2.40 0.15 0.08 0.15 1.75 2.07 1.35 0.38 6.57 21 .12 16.55 37.67
25 6.48 2.55 0.15 0.08 0.15 1.82 2.14 1.41 0.40 6.87 22.05 17.31 39.36
30 6.75 2.72 0.15 0.08 0.16 1.89 2.22 1.47 0.42 7.20 23.07 18.14 41.21
35 7.05 2.91 0.15 0.08 0.16 1.96 2.31 1.55 0.44 7.57 24.17 19.05 43.23
40 7.37 3.13 0.16 0.08 0.16 2.03 2.39 1.63 0.47 7.97 25.39 20.07 45.45
45 7.72 3.38 0.16 0.08 0.17 2.11 2.48 1.72 0.49 8.41 26.73 21.19 47.92
50 8.10 3.68 0.16 0.08 0.17 2.19 2.58 1.83 0.52 8.92 28.21 22.46 50.67
171
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC Buses 17
Roughness = 4000
0 5.35 2.01 0.17 0.09 0.14 1.63 1.92 1.17 0.33 5.69 18.50 14.33 32.83
5 5.56 2.12 0.17 0.09 0.14 1.69 1.99 1.21 0.35 5.92 19.22 14.90 34.12
10 5.78 2.23 0.17 0.09 0.14 1.75 2.06 1.26 0.36 6.16 20.01 15.51 35.52
15 6.01 2.36 0.17 0.09 0.15 1.82 2.14 1.31 0.38 6.42 20.85 16.18 37.02
20 6.26 2.50 0.17 0.09 0.15 1.89 2.22 1.37 0.39 6.71 21.76 16.90 38.66
25 6.53 2.66 0.17 0.09 0.15 1.96 2.30 1.44 0.41 7.02 22.74 17.69 40.43
30 6.81 2.84 0.17 0.09 0.16 2.03 2.39 1.51 0.43 7.37 23.81 18.56 42.37
35 7.12 3.05 0.18 0.09 0.16 2.11 2.48 1.59 0.45 7.75 24.98 19.52 44.50
40 7.46 3.29 0.18 0.09 0.16 2.18 2.57 1.67 0.48 8.17 26.27 20.59 46 .86
45 7.82 3.58 0.18 0.09 0.17 2.27 2.67 1.77 0.51 8.65 27.69 21.78 49.47
50 8.21 3.92 0.18 0.09 0.17 2.35 2.77 1.88 0.54 9.18 29.28 23.11 52.39
Table VOC Buses 18

Roughness= 5000
0 5.37 2.08 0.19 0.10 0.14 1.75 2.06 1.19 0.34 5.80 19.01 14.60 33.61
5 5.58 2.19 0.19 0.10 0.14 1.81 2.1 4 1.23 0.35 6.03 19.78 15.19 34.96
10 5.81 2.32 0.19 0.10 0.14 1.88 2.22 1.29 0.37 6.28 20.60 15.82 36.42
15 6.05 2.45 0.19 0.10 0.15 1.95 2.30 1.34 0.38 6.56 21.48 16.51 38.00
20 6.31 2.61 0.19 0.10 0.15 2.03 2.39 1.40 0.40 6.86 22.44 17.27 39.71
25 6.58 2.78 0.19 0.11 0.15 2.10 2.48 1.47 0.42 7.19 23.47 18.10 41.57
30 6.88 2.98 0.20 0.11 0.16 2.18 2.57 1.55 0.44 7.55 24.60 19.01 43.61
35 7.20 3.21 0.20 0.11 0.16 2.26 2.67 1.63 0.47 7.95 25.84 20.02 45.86
40 7.55 3.48 0.20 0.11 0.16 2.35 2.77 1.72 0.49 8.39 27.21 21.14 48.35
45 7.92 3.80 0.20 0.11 0.17 2.44 2.87 1.82 0.52 8.89 28.73 22.39 51.13
50 8.34 4.18 0.20 0.11 0.17 2.53 2.98 1.93 0.55 9.45 30.44 23.81 54.25
172
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table voe Buses 19
Roughness = 6000
0 5.39 2.16 0.21 0.12 0.14 1.88 2.21 1.21 0.35 5.90 19.56 14.87 34.44
5 5.61 2.28 0.21 0.12 0.14 1.95 2.30 1.26 0.36 6.15 20.37 15.48 35.85
10 5.84 2.41 0.21 0.12 0.14 2.02 2.38 1.31 0.38 6.41 21 .23 16.14 37.37
15 6.09 2.56 0.21 0.12 0.15 2.10 2.47 1.37 0.39 6.70 22.15 16.87 39.02
20 6.36 2.72 0.21 0.12 0.15 2.18 2.57 1.44 0.41 7.01 23 .16 17.66 40.82
25 6.64 2.91 0.21 0.12 0.15 2.26 2.66 1.51 0.43 7.35 24.26 18.52 42.78
30 6.95 3.13 0.22 0.12 0.16 2.34 2.76 1.58 0.45 7.73 25.45 19.48 44.93
35 7.28 3.39 0.22 0.12 0.16 2.43 2.87 1.67 0.48 8.15 26.77 20.54 47.31
40 7.64 3.69 0.22 0.12 0.16 2.52 2.97 1.77 0.50 8.62 28.23 21.72 49.95
45 8.04 4.05 0.22 0.12 0.17 2.62 3.09 1.87 0.54 9.15 29.86 23.05 52.90
50 8.47 4.49 0.22 0.12 0.17 2.72 3.20 1.99 0.57 9.74 31.70 24 .54 56.24
Table voe Buses 20

Economic Cost of Operation of Buses on Four Lane Divided Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness= 2000
0 6.20 1.89 0.12 0.06 0.14 1.41 1.66 0.86 0.25 4.20 16.79 10.58 27.37
5 6.37 1.98 0.12 0.06 0.14 1.46 1.72 0.87 0.25 4.26 17.25 10.74 27.99
10 6.55 2.08 0.13 0.06 0.14 1.52 1.79 0.89 0.25 4.33 17.73 10.90 28.63
15 6.72 2.19 0.13 0.06 0.15 1.57 1.85 0.90 0.26 4.39 18.23 11.06 29.29
20 6.90 2.31 0.13 0.06 0.15 1.63 1.92 0.91 0.26 4.46 18.75 11 .24 29.98
25 7.09 2.45 0.13 0.06 0.15 1.69 1.99 0.93 0.27 4.53 19.29 11.41 30.71
30 7.27 2.60 0.13 0.06 0.16 1.76 2.07 0.94 0.27 4.60 19.87 11.60 31.46
35 7.46 2.78 0.13 0.06 0.16 1.82 2.15 0.96 0.27 4.68 20.47 11 .78 32.25
40 7.65 2.97 0.13 0.06 0.16 1.89 2.23 0.97 0.28 4.76 21 .11 11 .98 33.09
45 7.84 3.20 0.14 0.06 0.17 1.96 2.31 0.99 0.28 4.84 21.79 12.18 33.97
50 8.03 3.47 0.14 0.06 0.17 2.04 2.40 1.01 0.29 4.92 22.52 12.39 34.91
173
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC Buses 21
Roughness = 3000
0 6.10 1.95 0.14 0.08 0.1 4 1.51 1.78 0.88 0.25 4.32 17.16 10.87 28.04
5 6.28 2.05 0.15 0.08 0. 14 1.57 1.85 0.90 0.26 4.38 17.65 11.04 28.69
10 6.46 2.15 0.15 0.08 0.14 1.63 1.92 0.91 0.26 4.45 18.15 11.21 29.36
15 6.64 2.27 0.15 0.08 0.15 1.69 1.99 0.93 0.26 4.52 18.68 11.39 30.06
20 6.83 2.40 0.15 0.08 0.15 1.75 2.07 0.94 0.27 4.59 19.23 11.57 30.80
25 7.01 2.55 0.15 0.08 0.15 1.82 2.14 0.96 0.27 4.67 19.80 11.76 31 .56
30 7.20 2.72 0.15 0.08 0.16 1.89 2.22 0.97 0.28 4.74 20.41 11.95 32.36
35 7.39 2.91 0.1 5 0.08 0.16 1.96 2.31 0.99 0.28 4.82 21 .05 12.15 33.20
40 7.59 3.13 0.1 6 0.08 0.16 2.03 2.39 1.00 0.29 4.91 21.73 12.36 34.09
45 7.79 3.38 0.16 0.08 0.17 2.11 2.48 1.02 0.29 4.99 22.46 12.57 35.04
50 7.99 3.68 0.1 6 0.08 0.17 2.19 2.58 1.04 0.30 5.08 23.25 12.79 36.05
Table VOC Buses 22

Roughness = 4000
0 6.02 2.01 0.17 0.09 0.14 1.63 1.92 0.91 0.26 4.44 17.58 11.18 28.76
5 6.20 2.12 0.1 7 0.09 0.14 1.69 1.99 0.92 0.26 4.51 18.09 11.36 29.45
10 6.38 2.23 0.17 0.09 0.14 1.75 2.06 0.94 0.27 4.58 18.62 11.54 30.16
15 6.57 2.36 0.17 0.09 0.15 1.82 2.14 0.95 0.27 4.66 19.17 11.73 30.90
20 6.76 2.50 0.17 0.09 0.15 1.89 2.22 0.97 0.28 4.73 19.75 11.92 31.67
25 6.95 2.66 0.17 0.09 0.15 1.96 2.30 0.99 0.28 4.81 20.37 12.12 32.48
30 7.14 2.84 0.17 0.09 0.16 2.03 2.39 1.00 0.29 4.89 21.01 12.33 33.33
35 7.34 3.05 0.18 0.09 0.16 2.11 2.48 1.02 0.29 4.98 21.69 12.54 34.23
40 7.54 3.29 0.18 0.09 0.16 2.18 2.57 1.04 0.30 5.07 22.42 12.76 35.18
45 7.74 3.58 0.18 0.09 0.17 2.27 2.67 1.06 0.30 5.16 23.21 12.99 36.19
50 7.95 3.92 0.18 0.09 0.17 2.35 2.77 1.07 0.31 5.25 24.06 13.22 37.28
174
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC Buses 23
Economic Cost of Operation of Buses on Six Lane Divided Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 6.35 1.75 0.11 0.06 0.16 1.28 1.51 0.84 0.24 4.08 16.39 10.28 26.67
5 6.52 1.83 0.11 0.06 0.16 1.33 1.57 0.85 0.24 4.14 16.82 10.43 27.25
10 6.69 1.91 0.11 0.06 0.17 1.38 1.63 0.86 0.25 4.20 17.26 10.58 27.84
15 6.86 2.00 0.11 0.06 0.17 1.43 1.69 0.87 0.25 4.26 17.72 10.74 28.46
20 7.04 2.10 0.11 0.06 0.17 1.49 1.75 0.89 0.25 4.33 18.20 10.90 29.10
25 7.22 2.22 0.12 0.06 0.18 1.54 1.82 0.90 0.26 4.39 18.70 11.06 29.77
30 7.40 2.34 0.12 0.06 0.18 1.60 1.89 0.91 0.26 4.46 19.22 11.23 30.46
35 7.58 2.48 0.12 0.06 0.18 1.66 1.96 0.93 0.27 4.53 19.77 11.41 31.18
40 7.76 2.64 0.12 0.06 0.19 1.72 2.03 0.94 0.27 4.60 20.35 11.59 31.94
45 7.95 2.82 0.12 0.06 0.19 1.79 2.11 0.96 0.27 4.68 20.95 11.78 32.73
50 8.14 3.02 0.12 0.06 0.19 1.86 2.19 0.97 0.28 4.76 21.60 11.98 33.57
Table voe Buses 24

Roughness= 3000
0 6.25 1.80 0.12 0.08 0.16 1.38 1.63 0.86 0.25 4.19 16.71 10.56 27.27
5 6.42 1.88 0.12 0.08 0.16 1.43 1.69 0.87 0.25 4.25 17.16 10.71 27.88
10 6.60 1.97 0.13 0.08 0.17 1.49 1.75 0.88 0.25 4.32 17.63 10.87 28.50
15 6.77 2.07 0.1 3 0.08 0.17 1.54 1.82 0.90 0.26 4.38 18.11 11.04 29.15
20 6.95 2.18 0.13 0.08 0.17 1.60 1.88 0.91 0.26 4.45 18.62 11.21 29.83
25 7.13 2.30 0.13 0.08 0.18 1.66 1.96 0.93 0.26 4.52 19.14 11.38 30.53
30 7.32 2.43 0.13 0.08 0.18 1.72 2.03 0.94 0.27 4.59 19.70 11.57 31.26
35 7.50 2.59 0.13 0.08 0.18 1.79 2.11 0.96 0.27 4.67 20.27 11.75 32.03
40 7.69 2.76 0.13 0.08 0.19 1.85 2.18 0.97 0.28 4.74 20.88 11.95 32.83
45 7.89 2.95 0.14 0.08 0.19 1.92 2.27 0.99 0.28 4.82 21.53 12.15 33.68
50 8.08 3.18 0.14 0.08 0.19 2.00 2.35 1.00 0.29 4.91 22.21 12.35 34.57
175
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC Buses 25
Roughness = 4000
0 6.15 1.86 0.14 0.09 0.16 1.48 1.75 0.88 0.25 4.31 17.07 10.85 27.92
5 6.33 1.94 0.14 0.09 0.16 1.54 1.81 0.90 0.26 4.37 17.54 11 .01 28.56
10 6.51 2.04 0.14 0.09 0.17 1.60 1.88 0.91 0.26 4.44 18.03 11 .18 29 .22
15 6.69 2.14 0.14 0.09 0.17 1.66 1.95 0.92 0.26 4.51 18.54 11 .36 29.90
20 6.87 2.26 0.1 4 0.09 0.17 1.72 2.03 0.94 0.27 4.58 19.08 11.54 30.61
25 7.06 2.39 0.14 0.09 0.18 1.78 2.10 0.95 0.27 4.66 19.63 11.73 31.36
30 7.25 2.54 0.15 0.09 0.18 1.85 2.18 0.97 0.28 4.73 20.21 11 .92 32.13
35 7.44 2.70 0.15 0.09 0.18 1.92 2.26 0.98 0.28 4.81 20.82 12.12 32 .94
40 7.63 2.89 0.15 0.09 0.19 1.99 2.35 1.00 0.29 4.89 21.47 12.32 33.80
45 7.83 3.10 0.15 0.09 0.19 2.07 2.44 1.02 0.29 4.98 22.16 12.54 34.70
50 8.03 3.36 0.15 0.09 0.19 2.15 2.53 1.04 0.30 5.06 22.89 12.76 35.65
Table voe Buses 26

Economic Cost of Operation of Buses on Four Lane Divided Expressways (Rs/km)
Roughness= 2000
0 6.20 1.89 0.12 0.06 0.14 1.41 1.66 0.86 0.25 4.20 16.79 10.58 27.37
5 6.37 1.98 0.12 0.06 0.14 1.46 1.72 0.87 0.25 4.26 17.25 10.74 27.99
10 6.55 2.08 0.13 0.06 0.14 1.52 1.79 0.89 0.25 4.33 17.73 10.90 28.63
15 6.72 2.19 0.13 0.06 0.15 1.57 1.85 0.90 0.26 4.39 18.23 11.07 29 .29
20 6.90 2.31 0.13 0.06 0.15 1.63 1.92 0.91 0.26 4.46 18.75 11.24 29.98
25 7.09 2.45 0.13 0.06 0.15 1.69 1.99 0.93 0.27 4.53 19.29 11.41 30.71
30 7.27 2.60 0.13 0.06 0.16 1.76 2.07 0.94 0.27 4.60 19.87 11.60 31.46
35 7.46 2.78 0.13 0.06 0.16 1.82 2.15 0.96 0.27 4.68 20.47 11 .78 32.25
40 7.65 2.97 0.13 0.06 0.16 1.89 2.23 0.97 0.28 4.76 21.11 11 .98 33.09
45 7.84 3.20 0.14 0.06 0.17 1.96 2.31 0.99 0.28 4.84 21.79 12.18 33 .97
50 8.03 3.47 0.14 0.06 0.17 2.04 2.40 1.01 0.29 4.92 22.52 12.39 34.91
176
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC Buses 27
Roughness = 3000
0 6.10 1.95 0.14 0.08 0.14 1.51 1.78 0.88 0.25 4.32 17.16 10.87 28.04
5 6.28 2.05 0.15 0.08 0.14 1.57 1.85 0.90 0.26 4.38 17.65 11.04 28.69
10 6.46 2.15 0.15 0.08 0.14 1.63 1.92 0.91 0.26 4.45 18.15 11.21 29.36
15 6.64 2.27 0.15 0.08 0.15 1.69 1.99 0.93 0.26 4.52 18.68 11.39 30.07
20 6.83 2.40 0.15 0.08 0.15 1.75 2.07 0.94 0.27 4.59 19.23 11.57 30.80
25 7.01 2.55 0.15 0.08 0.15 1.82 2.14 0.96 0.27 4.67 19.80 11.76 31.56
30 7.20 2.72 0.15 0.08 0.16 1.89 2.22 0.97 0.28 4.74 20.41 11.95 32.36
35 7.39 2.91 0.15 0.08 0.16 1.96 2.31 0.99 0.28 4.82 21.05 12.15 33.20
40 7.59 3.13 0.16 0.08 0.16 2.03 2.39 1.00 0.29 4.91 21.73 12.36 34.09
45 7.79 3.38 0.16 0.08 0.17 2.11 2.48 1.02 0.29 4.99 22.47 12.57 35.04
50 7.99 3.68 0.16 0.08 0.17 2.19 2.58 1.04 0.30 5.08 23.25 12.79 36.05
Table VOC Buses 28

Roughness = 4000
0 6.02 2.01 0.17 0.09 0.14 1.63 1.92 0.91 0.26 4.44 17.58 11.18 28.76
5 6.20 2.12 0.17 0.09 0.14 1.69 1.99 0.92 0.26 4.51 18.09 11.36 29.45
10 6.38 2.23 0.17 0.09 0.14 1.75 2.06 0.94 0.27 4.58 18.62 11.54 30.16
15 6.57 2.36 0.17 0.09 0.15 1.82 2.14 0.95 0.27 4.66 19.17 11.73 30.90
20 6.76 2.50 0.17 0.09 0.15 1.89 2.22 0.97 0.28 4 .73 19.75 11.92 31.68
25 6.95 2.66 0.17 0.09 0.15 1.96 2.30 0.99 0.28 4.81 20.37 12.12 32.48
30 7.14 2.84 0.17 0.09 0.16 2.03 2.39 1.00 0.29 4.89 21.01 12.33 33.34
35 7.34 3.05 0.18 0.09 0.16 2.11 2.48 1.02 0.29 4.98 21.69 12.54 34.23
40 7.54 3.29 0.18 0.09 0.16 2.18 2.57 1.04 0.30 5.07 22.42 12.76 35.18
45 7.74 3.58 0.18 0.09 0.17 2.27 2.67 1.06 0.30 5.16 23.21 12.99 36.19
50 7.95 3.92 0.18 0.09 0.17 2.35 2.77 1.07 0.31 5.25 24.06 13.22 37.28
177
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table voe Buses 29
Economic Cost of Operation of Buses on Six Lane Divided Expressways (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 6.35 1.75 0.11 0.06 0.16 1.28 1.51 0.84 0.24 4.08 16.39 10.28 26.67
5 6.52 1.83 0.11 0.06 0.16 1.33 1.57 0.85 0.24 4.14 16.82 10.43 27.25
10 6.69 1.91 0.11 0.06 0.17 1.38 1.63 0.86 0.25 4.20 17.26 10.58 27.84
15 6.86 2.00 0.11 0.06 0.17 1.43 1.69 0.87 0.25 4.26 17.72 10.74 28.46
20 7.04 2.10 0.11 0.06 0.17 1.49 1.75 0.89 0.25 4.33 18.20 10.90 29.10
25 7.22 2.22 0.12 0.06 0.18 1.54 1.82 0.90 0.26 4.39 18.70 11 .06 29.77
30 7.40 2.34 0.12 0.06 0.18 1.60 1.89 0.91 0.26 4.46 19.22 11 .24 30.46
35 7.58 2.48 0.12 0.06 0.18 1.66 1.96 0.93 0.27 4.53 19.77 11.41 31.18
40 7.76 2.64 0.12 0.06 0.19 1.72 2.03 0.94 0.27 4 .60 20.35 11.59 31.94
45 7.95 2.82 0.12 0.06 0.19 1.79 2.11 0.96 0.27 4.68 20.95 11.78 32.73
50 8.14 3.02 0.12 0.06 0.19 1.86 2.19 0.97 0.28 4.76 21 .60 11.98 33.57
Table voe Buses 30

Economic Cost of Operation of Buses on Six Lane Divided Expressways (Rs/km)
Roughness = 3000
0 6.25 1.80 0.12 0.08 0.16 1.38 1.63 0.86 0.25 4.19 16.71 10.56 27.27
5 6.42 1.88 0.12 0.08 0.16 1.43 1.69 0.87 0.25 4.25 17.16 10.71 27.88
10 6.60 1.97 0.13 0.08 0.17 1.49 1.75 0.88 0.25 4.32 17.63 10.87 28.50
15 6.77 2.07 0.13 0.08 0.17 1.54 1.82 0.90 0.26 4.38 18.11 11.04 29.15
20 6.95 2.18 0.13 0.08 0.17 1.60 1.88 0.91 0.26 4.45 18.62 11.21 29 .83
25 7.13 2.30 0.13 0.08 0.18 1.66 1.96 0.93 0.26 4.52 19.14 11.39 30.53
30 7.32 2.43 0.13 0.08 0.18 1.72 2.03 0.94 0.27 4.59 19.70 11.57 31.26
35 7.50 2.59 0.13 0.08 0.18 1.79 2.11 0.96 0.27 4.67 20.27 11 .75 32.03
40 7.69 2.76 0.13 0.08 0.19 1.85 2.18 0.97 0.28 4.74 20.88 11.95 32.83
45 7.89 2.95 0.14 0.08 0.19 1.92 2.27 0.99 0.28 4.82 21.53 12.15 33.68
50 8.08 3.18 0.14 0.08 0.19 2.00 2.35 1.00 0.29 4.91 22.21 12.36 34.57
178
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC Buses 35
Financial Cost of Operation of Buses on Single Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 12.38 2.65 0.33 0.13 0.25 2.31 2.72 2.35 0.59 6.27 29.98 15.80 45.78
5 12.95 2.79 0.33 0.13 0.26 2.40 2.82 2.44 0.61 6.52 31.25 16.42 47.67
10 13.55 2.94 0.33 0.13 0.26 2.49 2.93 2.54 0.64 6.78 32.60 17.09 49.69
15 14.19 3.11 0.34 0.13 0.27 2.58 3.04 2.65 0.67 7.07 34.04 17.81 51.86
20 14.87 3.30 0.34 0.13 0.27 2.68 3.15 2.77 0.70 7.39 35.59 18.60 54.19
25 15.59 3.52 0.34 0.13 0.28 2.78 3.27 2.90 0.73 7.73 37.26 19.46 56.73
30 16.36 3.77 0.34 0.13 0.29 2.88 3.39 3.04 0.76 8.10 39.06 20.41 59.47
35 17.18 4.05 0.35 0.13 0.29 2.99 3.52 3.19 0.80 8.52 41.02 21.45 62.47
40 18.06 4.38 0.35 0.13 0.30 3.10 3.65 3.36 0.85 8.98 43.16 22.61 65.77
45 19.01 4.76 0.35 0.13 0.31 3.22 3.79 3.56 0.89 9.49 45.51 23.90 69.41
50 20 .04 5.23 0.36 0.13 0.31 3.34 3.93 3.77 0.95 10.06 48.12 25.34 73.46
Table VOC Buses 36

Roughness = 3000
0 12.46 2.75 0.41 0.15 0.25 2.48 2.92 2.43 0.61 6.49 30.96 16.35 47.30
5 13.06 2.89 0.41 0.15 0.26 2.58 3.03 2.53 0.64 6.75 32.30 17.01 49.31
10 13.69 3.06 0.41 0.16 0.26 2.67 3.15 2.64 0.66 7.04 33.74 17.73 51.47
15 14.36 3.24 0.42 0.16 0.27 2.77 3.27 2.76 0.69 7.35 35.28 18.51 53.79
20 15.08 3.45 0.42 0.16 0.27 2.88 3.39 2.88 0.72 7.69 36.94 19.37 56.31
25 15.84 3.68 0.42 0.16 0.28 2.98 3.52 3.02 0.76 8.06 38.73 20 .30 59.03
30 16.65 3.95 0.43 0.16 0.29 3.10 3.65 3.18 0.80 8.47 40.67 21.34 62.00
35 17.53 4.27 0.43 0.16 0.29 3.21 3.79 3.35 0.84 8.93 42.78 22.48 65.26
40 18.47 4.63 0.43 0.16 0.30 3.33 3.93 3.53 0.89 9.43 45.11 23.75 68.86
45 19.49 5.07 0.43 0.16 0.31 3.46 4.08 3.75 0.94 10.00 47.68 25.18 72.86
50 20 .61 5.59 0.44 0.16 0.31 3.59 4.23 3.99 1.00 10.63 50.55 26.79 77.34
181
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC Buses 37
Roughness= 4000
0 12.56 2.84 0.49 0.18 0.25 2.67 3.14 2.52 0.63 6.72 32 .01 16.94 48.95
5 13.19 3.00 0.49 0.18 0.26 2.77 3.26 2.63 0.66 7.01 33.45 17.65 51 .1 0
10 13.86 3.18 0.49 0.18 0.26 2.87 3.38 2.74 0.69 7.32 34.98 18.43 53.40
15 14.57 3.38 0.50 0.18 0.27 2.98 3.51 2.87 0.72 7.65 36.63 19.27 55.90
20 15.32 3.60 0.50 0.18 0.27 3.09 3.64 3.01 0.76 8.02 38.40 20.20 58.60
25 16.13 3.86 0.50 0.18 0.28 3.21 3.78 3.16 0.79 8.43 40.33 21 .22 61.55
30 17.00 4.16 0.51 0.18 0.29 3.33 3.92 3.33 0.84 8.87 42.43 22.35 64.78
35 17.93 4.51 0.51 0.19 0.29 3.45 4.07 3.51 0.88 9.37 44.72 23.61 68.33
40 18.95 4.92 0.51 0.19 0.30 3.58 4.22 3.72 0.94 9.93 47.26 25.02 72.28
45 20.05 5.41 0.51 0.19 0.31 3.72 4.38 3.96 1.00 10.56 50.09 26.60 76.69
50 21.27 6.02 0.52 0.19 0.31 3.86 4.55 4.23 1.06 11 .28 53.27 28.40 81.68
Table VOC Buses 38

Roughness= 5000
0 12.69 2.95 0.57 0.21 0.25 2.87 3.38 2.61 0.66 6.98 33.16 17.57 50.73
5 13.35 3.12 0.57 0.21 0.26 2.98 3.51 2.73 0.69 7.28 34.69 18.34 53.03
10 14.06 3.31 0.58 0.21 0.26 3.09 3.64 2.85 0.72 7.61 36.33 19.18 55.50
15 14.81 3.53 0.58 0.21 0.27 3.20 3.77 2.99 0.75 7.98 38.09 20.10 58.19
20 15.61 3.77 0.58 0.21 0.27 3.32 3.92 3.1 4 0.79 8.38 40.00 21 .11 61.11
25 16.47 4.06 0.58 0.21 0.28 3.45 4.06 3.31 0.83 8.82 42.08 22.22 64.31
30 17.40 4.39 0.59 0.21 0.29 3.58 4.22 3.49 0.88 9.32 44.36 23.47 67.82
35 18.40 4.78 0.59 0.21 0.29 3.71 4.37 3.70 0.93 9.87 46.86 24.86 71.72
40 19.50 5.24 0.59 0.21 0.30 3.85 4.54 3.93 0.99 10.49 49.65 26.42 76.07
45 20.70 5.81 0.60 0.21 0.31 4.00 4.71 4.20 1.05 11.20 52.78 28.20 80.98
50 22.03 6.51 0.60 0.21 0.31 4.15 4.89 4.50 1.13 12.00 56.33 30.23 86.56
182
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC Buses 39
Roughness = 6000
0 12.85 3.06 0.65 0.24 0.25 3.08 3.63 2.72 0.68 7.25 34.41 18.25 52.66
5 13.55 3.25 0.65 0.24 0.26 3.20 3.77 2.84 0.71 7.58 36.04 19.08 55.12
10 14.30 3.45 0.66 0.24 0.26 3.32 3.91 2.98 0.75 7.94 37.80 19.99 57.79
15 15.09 3.69 0.66 0.24 0.27 3.44 4.06 3.12 0.79 8.33 39.69 20.99 60.69
20 15.95 3.96 0.66 0.24 0.27 3.57 4.21 3.29 0.83 8.77 41.76 22.10 63.85
25 16.86 4.28 0.66 0.24 0.28 3.71 4.37 3.47 0.87 9.26 44.01 23.33 67.34
30 17.86 4.65 0.67 0.24 0.29 3.85 4.53 3.68 0.92 9.81 46.49 24.70 71.19
35 18.94 5.08 0.67 0.24 0.29 3.99 4.70 3.91 0.98 10.42 49.23 26.24 75.48
40 20.1 3 5.61 0.67 0.24 0.30 4.14 4.88 4.17 1.05 11.12 52.31 28.00 80.31
45 21.45 6.26 0.68 0.24 0.31 4.30 5.06 4.46 1.12 11.91 55.80 30.00 85.79
50 22.93 7.09 0.68 0.24 0.31 4.46 5.25 4.81 1.21 12.83 59.80 32.31 92.11
Table VOC Buses 40

Roughness = 7000
0 13.04 3.18 0.73 0.27 0.25 3.31 3.91 2.83 0.71 7.54 35.77 18.99 54.76
5 13.78 3.38 0.73 0.27 0.26 3.44 4.05 2.96 0.74 7.90 37.51 19.89 57.40
10 14.57 3.61 0.74 0.27 0.26 3.57 4.20 3.11 0.78 8.29 39.40 20.88 60.28
15 15.42 3.87 0.74 0.27 0.27 3.70 4.36 3.27 0.82 8.72 41.45 21.97 63.42
20 16.33 4.17 0.74 0.27 0.27 3.84 4.53 3.45 0.87 9.21 43.68 23.19 66.87
25 17.32 4.52 0.75 0.27 0.28 3.99 4.70 3.65 0.92 9.74 46.13 24.54 70.67
30 18.39 4.93 0.75 0.27 0.29 4.14 4.87 3.88 0.98 10.35 48.84 26.07 74.91
35 19.57 5.43 0.75 0.27 0.29 4.29 5.06 4.14 1.04 11.04 51.87 27.80 79.67
40 20.87 6.04 0.75 0.27 0.30 4.45 5.24 4.43 1.11 11.82 55.29 29.77 85.06
45 22.33 6.80 0.76 0.27 0.31 4.62 5.44 4.77 1.20 12.72 59.21 32.04 91.25
50 23 .97 7.78 0.76 0.27 0.31 4.79 5.65 5.16 1.30 13.77 63.77 34.69 98.47
183
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC Buses 41
Roughness = 8000
0 13.27 3.32 0.81 0.29 0.25 3.56 4.20 2.94 0.74 7.86 37.24 19.79 57.03
5 14.05 3.54 0.81 0.29 0.26 3.70 4.36 3.09 0.78 8.25 39 .12 20.77 59.89
10 14.89 3.78 0.82 0.29 0.26 3.84 4.52 3.25 0.82 8.68 41.15 21.85 63.00
15 15.80 4.07 0.82 0.29 0.27 3.98 4.69 3.43 0.86 9.15 43.36 23.05 66.41
20 16.78 4.40 0.82 0.30 0.27 4.13 4.87 3.63 0.91 9.68 45.79 24.39 70.18
25 17.84 4.79 0.83 0.30 0.28 4.28 5.05 3.85 0.97 10.28 48.47 25.90 74.37
30 19.00 5.26 0.83 0.30 0.29 4.45 5.24 4.11 1.03 10.96 51.46 27.60 79.06
35 20.29 5.83 0.83 0.30 0.29 4.61 5.43 4.40 1.11 11.73 54.82 29.54 84.37
40 21.73 6.53 0.83 0.30 0.30 4.79 5.64 4.73 1.19 12.62 58.66 31.78 90.44
45 23 .36 7.44 0.84 0.30 0.31 4.97 5.85 5.12 1.29 13.65 63.11 34.38 97.49
50 25 .22 8.63 0.84 0.30 0.31 5.15 6.07 5.57 1.40 14.87 68.37 37.45 105.82
Table VOC Buses 42

Financial Cost of Operation of Buses on Intermediate Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 12.58 2.54 0.28 0.13 0.27 1.96 2.31 2.12 0.53 5.65 28.38 14.23 42.61
5 13.07 2.67 0.28 0.13 0.28 2.03 2.40 2.20 0.55 5.87 29.47 14.78 44.25
10 13.58 2.81 0.28 0.13 0.29 2.11 2.49 2.29 0.57 6.10 30.65 15.37 46.02
15 14.13 2.96 0.28 0.13 0.29 2.19 2.58 2.38 0.60 6.36 31.90 16.01 47.91
20 14.71 3.13 0.29 0.13 0.30 2.27 2.68 2.49 0.62 6.63 33.25 16.70 49.96
25 15.33 3.33 0.29 0.13 0.31 2.36 2.78 2.60 0.65 6.93 34.71 17.46 52.17
30 16.00 3.55 0.29 0.13 0.31 2.45 2.88 2.72 0.68 7.26 36.28 18.29 54.57
35 16.71 3.80 0.30 0.13 0.32 2.54 2.99 2.86 0.72 7.63 37.99 19.21 57.19
40 17.48 4.08 0.30 0.13 0.33 2.63 3.10 3.01 0.76 8.03 39.85 20.21 60.06
45 18.32 4.42 0.30 0.13 0.33 2.73 3.22 3.17 0.80 8.47 41.90 21.33 63 .23
50 19.22 4.81 0.30 0.13 0.34 2.84 3.34 3.36 0.84 8.97 44.16 22.59 66.74
184
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC Buses 43
Roughness = 3000
0 12.61 2.63 0.33 0.15 0.27 2.11 2.48 2.17 0.54 5.78 29.08 14.56 43.64
5 13.11 2.76 0.33 0.15 0.28 2.19 2.58 2.25 0.57 6.01 30.23 15.14 45.37
10 13.64 2.91 0.34 0.16 0.29 2.27 2.67 2.34 0.59 6.26 31.46 15.75 47.22
15 14.21 3.08 0.34 0.16 0.29 2.35 2.77 2.44 0.61 6.52 32.79 16.43 49.21
20 14.82 3.26 0.34 0.16 0.30 2.44 2.88 2.55 0.64 6.81 34.21 17.16 51.37
25 15.47 3.47 0.35 0.16 0.31 2.54 2.99 2.67 0.67 7.13 35.75 17.96 53.71
30 16.16 3.71 0.35 0.16 0.31 2.63 3.10 2.80 0.70 7.48 37.41 18.84 56.25
35 16.91 3.99 0.35 0.16 0.32 2.73 3.22 2.95 0.74 7.86 39.22 19.81 59.03
40 17.72 4.31 0.35 0.16 0.33 2.83 3.34 3.11 0.78 8.29 41 .21 20.88 62.09
45 18.59 4.68 0.36 0.16 0.33 2.94 3.46 3.29 0.83 8.77 43.40 22.08 65.48
50 19.54 5.12 0.36 0.16 0.34 3.05 3.59 3.49 0.88 9.30 45.83 23.43 69.25
Table VOC Buses 44

Roughness = 4000
0 12.64 2.72 0.39 0.18 0.27 2.27 2.67 2.22 0.56 5.92 29.83 14.91 44.74
5 13.16 2.86 0.39 0.18 0.28 2.35 2.77 2.31 0.58 6.16 31.04 15.51 46 .55
10 13.72 3.02 0.39 0.18 0.29 2.44 2.87 2.40 0.60 6.42 32.34 16.16 48.50
15 14.31 3.20 0.39 0.18 0.29 2.53 2.98 2.51 0.63 6.70 33.73 16.87 50.60
20 14.94 3.40 0.40 0.18 0.30 2.63 3.09 2.63 0.66 7.00 35.24 17.64 52.87
25 15.62 3.63 0.40 0.18 0.31 2.73 3.21 2.75 0.69 7.34 36.86 18.49 55.35
30 16.35 3.89 0.40 0.18 0.31 2.83 3.33 2.89 0.73 7.71 38.63 19.42 58.05
35 17.13 4.20 0.41 0.19 0.32 2.93 3.46 3.04 0.77 8.12 40.56 20.45 61.01
40 17.98 4.55 0.41 0.19 0.33 3.04 3.59 3.21 0.81 8.58 42.68 21.60 64.27
45 18.90 4.97 0.41 0.19 0.33 3.16 3.72 3.41 0.86 9.08 45.02 22.88 67.91
50 19.90 5.48 0.41 0.19 0.34 3.28 3.86 3.62 0.91 9.66 47.65 24.33 71.98
185
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table voe Buses 45
Financial Cost of Operation of Buses on Intermediate Lane Roads {Rs/km)
Roughness = 5000
0 12.69 2.81 0.44 0.21 0.27 2.44 2.87 2.27 0.57 6.06 30.64 15.27 45.91
5 13.23 2.97 0.44 0.21 0.28 2.53 2.98 2.37 0.59 6.31 31.91 15.90 47.81
10 13.81 3.14 0.45 0.21 0.29 2.62 3.09 2.47 0.62 6.58 33.28 16.58 49.86
15 14.43 3.33 0.45 0.21 0.29 2.72 3.21 2.58 0.65 6.88 34.75 17.33 52.08
20 15.08 3.55 0.45 0.21 0.30 2.82 3.33 2.70 0.68 7.20 36 .34 18.15 54.48
25 15.79 3.81 0.46 0.21 0.31 2.93 3.45 2.83 0.71 7.56 38.06 19.04 57 .10
30 16.55 4.09 0.46 0.21 0.31 3.04 3.58 2.98 0.75 7.95 39.94 20.04 59.97
35 17.37 4 .43 0.46 0.21 0.32 3.15 3.72 3.15 0.79 8.39 41.99 21.14 63.13
40 18.26 4.83 0.46 0.21 0.33 3.27 3.85 3.33 0.84 8.88 44.27 22.36 66.63
45 19.23 5.30 0.47 0.21 0.33 3.39 4.00 3.53 0.89 9.43 46.79 23.74 70.54
50 20.30 5.88 0.47 0.21 0.34 3.52 4 .15 3.77 0.95 10.05 49.63 25.30 74.94
Table VOC Buses 46

Financial Cost of Operation of Buses on Intermediate Lane Roads {Rs/km)
Roughness = 6000
0 12.75 2.92 0.50 0.24 0.27 2.62 3.09 2.33 0.59 6.21 31.50 15.65 47.15
5 13.31 3.08 0.50 0.24 0.28 2.72 3.20 2.43 0.61 6.48 32.84 16.31 49.15
10 13.91 3.27 0.50 0.24 0.29 2.82 3.32 2.53 0.64 6.76 34 .28 17.03 51 .32
15 14.56 3.48 0.50 0.24 0.29 2.93 3.45 2.65 0.67 7.07 35.84 17.82 53.66
20 15.24 3.72 0.51 0.24 0.30 3.04 3.58 2.78 0.70 7.42 37.52 18.68 56.20
25 15.98 4.00 0.51 0.24 0.31 3.15 3.71 2.92 0.73 7.80 39.35 19.64 58.99
30 16.78 4.32 0.51 0.24 0.31 3.27 3.85 3.08 0.77 8.22 41.35 20 .69 62 .04
35 17.64 4 .69 0.52 0.24 0.32 3.39 3.99 3.25 0.82 8.68 43.55 21.87 65.42
40 18.58 5.14 0.52 0.24 0.33 3.52 4.14 3.45 0.87 9.21 45.99 23.19 69.18
45 19.60 5.68 0.52 0.24 0.33 3.65 4.30 3.67 0.92 9.80 48.72 24.67 73 .39
50 20.74 6.35 0.52 0.24 0.34 3.79 4.46 3.92 0.99 10.47 51.82 26.36 78.18
186
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC Buses 47
Roughness = 7000
0 12.82 3.03 0.55 0.27 0.27 2.82 3.32 2.39 0.60 6.37 32.43 16.04 48.47
5 13.41 3.21 0.55 0.27 0.28 2.92 3.44 2.49 0.63 6.65 33.84 16.74 50.59
10 14.03 3.41 0.56 0.27 0.29 3.03 3.57 2.60 0.65 6.95 35.36 17.50 52.87
15 14.70 3.64 0.56 0.27 0.29 3.14 3.70 2.73 0.69 7.28 37.01 18.34 55.35
20 15.42 3.90 0.56 0.27 0.30 3.26 3.84 2.87 0.72 7.64 38.79 19.25 58.05
25 16.19 4.21 0.57 0.27 0.31 3.39 3.99 3.02 0.76 8.05 40.74 20.27 61.01
30 17.03 4.56 0.57 0.27 0.31 3.51 4.14 3.18 0.80 8.49 42.87 21.40 64 .27
35 17.94 4.99 0.57 0.27 0.32 3.64 4.29 3.37 0.85 8.99 45.23 22.65 67.89
40 18.93 5.49 0.57 0.27 0.33 3.78 4.45 3.58 0.90 9.56 47 .87 24.07 71.94
45 20.02 6.12 0.58 0.27 0.33 3.92 4.62 3.82 0.96 10.19 50.83 25.68 76.51
50 21.22 6.90 0.58 0.27 0.34 4.07 4.80 4.09 1.03 10.92 54.23 27.51 81.74
Table VOC Buses 48

Roughness = 8000
0 12.91 3.15 0.61 0.29 0.27 3.03 3.57 2.45 0.62 6.54 33.42 16.46 49.89
5 13.52 3.34 0.61 0.29 0.28 3.14 3.70 2.56 0.64 6.83 34.91 17.20 52.11
10 14.17 3.56 0.61 0.29 0.29 3.26 3.84 2.68 0.67 7.15 36.52 18.00 54.53
15 14.87 3.81 0.61 0.29 0.29 3.38 3.98 2.81 0.71 7.50 38.26 18.89 57.15
20 15.62 4.10 0.62 0.30 0.30 3.51 4.13 2.96 0.74 7.89 40.16 19.86 60.02
25 16.43 4.44 0.62 0.30 0.31 3.64 4.29 3.12 0.78 8.31 42.24 20.94 63.18
30 17.31 4.84 0.62 0.30 0.31 3.78 4.45 3.30 0.83 8.79 44.52 22.15 66.67
35 18.26 5.32 0.63 0.30 0.32 3.92 4.62 3.50 0.88 9.33 47.07 23.50 70.56
40 19.31 5.90 0.63 0.30 0.33 4.06 4.79 3.72 0.94 9.94 49.92 25.03 74.94
45 20.47 6.63 0.63 0.30 0.33 4.22 4.97 3.98 1.00 10.63 53.16 26.77 79.92
50 21.76 7.56 0.63 0.30 0.34 4.38 5.15 4.28 1.08 11.42 56.90 28.77 85.67
187
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC Buses 49
Financial Cost of Operation of Buses on Two Lane Roads (Rs/km}
Roughness= 2000
0 12.68 2.46 0.25 0.13 0.29 1.82 2.14 2.06 0.52 5.49 27.84 13.83 41.68
5 13.14 2.57 0.25 0.13 0.30 1.89 2.22 2.14 0.54 5.70 28.88 14.36 43.24
10 13.63 2.70 0.26 0.13 0.31 1.96 2.31 2.22 0.56 5.93 30.00 14.93 44.92
15 14.15 2.84 0.26 0.13 0.31 2.03 2.39 2.31 0.58 6.17 31.19 15.54 46.73
20 14.71 3.00 0.26 0.13 0.32 2.11 2.48 2.41 0.61 6.44 32.47 16.21 48.68
25 15.30 3.18 0.27 0.13 0.33 2.19 2.58 2.52 0.63 6.72 33.85 16.94 50.78
30 15.94 3.38 0.27 0.13 0.33 2.27 2.67 2.64 0.66 7.04 35.34 17.73 53.07
35 16.62 3.60 0.27 0.13 0.34 2.36 2.77 2.77 0.70 7.39 36.95 18.61 55.56
40 17.36 3.86 0.27 0.13 0.35 2.44 2.88 2.91 0.73 7.77 38.72 19.57 58.29
45 18.16 4.16 0.28 0.13 0.35 2.54 2.99 3.07 0.77 8.20 40.64 20.64 61.29
50 19.02 4 .51 0.28 0.13 0.36 2.63 3.10 3.25 0.82 8.67 42.77 21.84 64.61
Table VOC Buses 50

Financial Cost of Operation of Buses on Two Lane Roads (Rs/km}
Roughness = 3000
0 12.71 2.53 0.30 0.15 0.29 1.96 2.30 2.10 0.53 5.59 28.46 14.08 42.54
5 13.18 2.66 0.30 0.15 0.30 2.03 2.39 2.18 0.55 5.81 29.54 14.62 44.17
10 13.68 2.80 0.30 0.16 0.31 2.11 2.48 2.26 0.57 6.04 30.71 15.21 45.92
15 14.22 2.95 0.30 0.16 0.31 2.18 2.57 2.36 0.59 6.29 31.95 15.85 47.80
20 14.80 3.12 0.31 0.16 0.32 2.27 2.67 2.46 0.62 6.57 33.29 16.55 49.84
25 15.41 3.31 0.31 0.16 0.33 2.35 2.77 2.58 0.65 6.87 34.73 17.31 52.04
30 16.07 3.53 0.31 0.16 0.33 2.44 2.87 2.70 0.68 7.20 36.30 18.14 54.44
35 16.78 3.78 0.32 0.16 0.34 2.53 2.98 2.84 0.71 7.57 38.00 19.05 57.05
40 17.55 4.06 0.32 0.16 0.35 2.63 3.09 2.99 0.75 7.97 39.86 20.07 59.92
45 18.37 4.39 0.32 0.16 0.35 2.73 3.21 3.15 0.79 8.41 41.90 21.19 63.09
50 19.28 4.78 0.32 0.16 0.36 2.83 3.33 3.34 0.84 8.92 44.15 22.46 66.61
188
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC Buses 51
Financial Cost of Operation of Buses on Two Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 4000
0 12.74 2.62 0.34 0.18 0.29 2.10 2.48 2.13 0.54 5.69 29 .11 14.33 43.45
5 13.23 2.75 0.34 0.18 0.30 2.18 2.57 2.22 0.56 5.92 30 .25 14.90 45.15
10 13.75 2.90 0.34 0.18 0.31 2.26 2.67 2.31 0.58 6.16 31.46 15.51 46.97
15 14.30 3.06 0.35 0.18 0.31 2.35 2.77 2.41 0.61 6.42 32.76 16.18 48.94
20 14.90 3.25 0.35 0.18 0.32 2.44 2.87 2.52 0.63 6.71 34.16 16.90 51.07
25 15.53 3.46 0.35 0.18 0.33 2.53 2.98 2.63 0.66 7.02 35 .68 17.69 53 .37
30 16.22 3.69 0.36 0.18 0.33 2.62 3.09 2.76 0.69 7.37 37.32 18.56 55.89
35 16.95 3.96 0.36 0.19 0.34 2.72 3.21 2.91 0.73 7.75 39.11 19.52 58.64
40 17.74 4.28 0.36 0.19 0.35 2.82 3.33 3.06 0.77 8.17 41.08 20.59 61.67
45 18.61 4.65 0.36 0.19 0.35 2.93 3.45 3.24 0.81 8.65 43.24 21.78 65 .02
50 19.55 5.08 0.37 0.19 0.36 3.04 3.58 3.44 0.86 9.18 45.65 23 .11 68 .76
Table VOC Buses 52

Roughness = 5000
0 12.78 2.71 0.38 0.21 0.29 2.26 2.66 2.17 0.55 5.80 29.81 14.60 44.41
5 13.28 2.85 0.38 0.21 0.30 2.35 2.76 2.26 0.57 6.03 30.99 15.19 46 .18
10 13.82 3.01 0.39 0.21 0.31 2.43 2.87 2.35 0.59 6.28 32.26 15.82 48.08
15 14.39 3.19 0.39 0.21 0.31 2.52 2.97 2.46 0.62 6.56 33.63 16.51 50 .14
20 15.01 3.39 0.39 0.21 0.32 2.62 3.09 2.57 0.65 6.86 35.10 17.27 52.37
25 15.66 3.61 0.40 0.21 0.33 2.72 3.20 2.69 0.68 7.19 36.69 18.10 54.79
30 16.37 3.87 0.40 0.21 0.33 2.82 3.32 2.83 0.71 7.55 38.42 19.01 57.43
35 17.13 4.17 0.40 0.21 0.34 2.93 3.45 2.98 0.75 7.95 40.31 20.02 60.33
40 17.96 4.52 0.40 0.21 0.35 3.04 3.58 3.15 0.79 8.39 42 .39 21.14 63.53
45 18.86 4.93 0.41 0.21 0.35 3.15 3.71 3.33 0.84 8.89 44.69 22.39 67.08
50 19.84 5.43 0.41 0.21 0.36 3.27 3.85 3.54 0.89 9.45 47.26 23.81 71.06
189
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC Buses 53
Roughness = 6000
0 12.83 2.80 0.43 0.24 0.29 2.43 2.86 2.21 0.56 5.90 30.55 14.87 45.43
5 13.35 2.95 0.43 0.24 0.30 2.52 2.97 2.30 0.58 6.15 31 .79 15.48 47 .27
10 13.90 3.13 0.43 0.24 0.31 2.62 3.08 2.40 0.60 6.41 33.12 16.14 49.26
15 14.49 3.32 0.43 0.24 0.31 2.71 3.20 2.51 0.63 6.70 34.55 16.87 51.41
20 15.13 3.54 0.44 0.24 0.32 2.82 3.32 2.63 0.66 7.01 36.09 17.66 53.74
25 15.81 3.78 0.44 0.24 0.33 2.92 3.44 2.76 0.69 7.35 37.76 18.52 56.29
30 16.54 4.07 0.44 0.24 0.33 3.03 3.57 2.90 0.73 7.73 39.59 19.48 59.07
35 17.33 4.40 0.45 0.24 0.34 3.15 3.71 3.06 0.77 8.15 41.59 20.54 62.13
40 18.19 4.79 0.45 0.24 0.35 3.26 3.84 3.23 0.81 8.62 43.79 21 .72 65.51
45 19.12 5.26 0.45 0.24 0.35 3.39 3.99 3.43 0.86 9.15 46.25 23.05 69.29
50 20.15 5.83 0.45 0.24 0.36 3.51 4.14 3.65 0.92 9.74 49.00 24.54 73.55
Table VOC Buses 54

Financial Cost of Operation of Buses on Four Lane Divided Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness= 2000
0 14.76 2.46 0.25 0.1 3 0.29 1.82 2.14 1.57 0.40 4.20 28.02 10.58 38.60
5 15.17 2.57 0.25 0.13 0.30 1.89 2.22 1.60 0.40 4.26 28.80 10.74 39.53
10 15.58 2.70 0.26 0.13 0.31 1.96 2.31 1.62 0.41 4 .33 29.60 10.90 40 .50
15 16.00 2.84 0.26 0.1 3 0.31 2.03 2.39 1.65 0.41 4.39 30.43 11.06 41.50
20 16.43 3.00 0.26 0.13 0.32 2.11 2.48 1.67 0.42 4.46 31.29 11.24 42.53
25 16.86 3.18 0.27 0.13 0.33 2.19 2.58 1.70 0.43 4 .53 32.19 11.41 43.60
30 17.30 3.38 0.27 0.13 0.33 2.27 2.67 1.73 0.43 4.60 33.12 11.60 44,72
35 17.75 3.60 0.27 0.13 0.34 2.36 2.77 1.75 0.44 4.68 34.10 11.78 45.88
40 18.20 3.86 0.27 0.1 3 0.35 2.44 2.88 1.78 0.45 4.76 35.12 11 .98 47.10
45 18.66 4.16 0.28 0.13 0.35 2.54 2.99 1.81 0.46 4.84 36.21 12.18 48.39
50 19.12 4.51 0.28 0.13 0.36 2.63 3.10 1.84 0.46 4.92 37.36 12.39 49.74
190
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC Buses 55
Financial Cost of Operation of Buses on Four Lane Divided Roads (Rs/km}
Roughness= 3000
0 14.53 2.53 0.30 0.15 0.29 1.96 2.30 1.62 0.41 4.32 28.41 10.87 39.28
5 14.95 2.66 0.30 0.15 0.30 2.03 2.39 1.64 0.41 4.38 29.22 11.04 40.26
10 15.38 2.80 0.30 0.16 0.31 2.11 2.48 1.67 0.42 4.45 30.06 11.21 41.27
15 15.81 2.95 0.30 0.16 0.31 2.18 2.57 1.69 0.43 4.52 30.93 11.39 42.32
20 16.25 3.12 0.31 0.16 0.32 2.27 2.67 1.72 0.43 4.59 31.83 11.57 43.40
25 16.69 3.31 0.31 0.16 0.33 2.35 2.77 1.75 0.44 4.67 32.77 11.76 44.53
30 17.14 3.53 0.31 0.16 0.33 2.44 2.87 1.78 0.45 4.74 33.76 11 .95 45.71
35 17.60 3.78 0.32 0.16 0.34 2.53 2.98 1.81 0.45 4.82 34.79 12.15 46.94
40 18.06 4.06 0.32 0.16 0.35 2.63 3.09 1.84 0.46 4.91 35.87 12.36 48.23
45 18.53 4.39 0.32 0.16 0.35 2.73 3.21 1.87 0.47 4.99 37 .02 12.57 49.59
50 19.00 4.78 0.32 0.16 0.36 2.83 3.33 1.90 0.48 5.08 38.25 12.79 51.04
Table VOC Buses 56

Financial Cost of Operation of Buses on Four Lane Divided Roads (Rs/km}
Roughness = 4000
0 14.32 2.62 0.34 0.18 0.29 2.10 2.48 1.66 0.42 4.44 28.85 11.18 40.04
5 14.75 2.75 0.34 0.18 0.30 2.18 2.57 1.69 0.42 4.51 29.70 11.36 41.06
10 15.19 2.90 0.34 0.18 0.31 2.26 2.67 1.72 0.43 4.58 30.58 11.54 42.12
15 15.63 3.06 0.35 0.18 0.31 2.35 2.77 1.75 0.44 4.66 31.49 11 .73 43.22
20 16.08 3.25 0.35 0.18 0.32 2.44 2.87 1.77 0.45 4.73 32.44 11.92 44.36
25 16.54 3.46 0.35 0.18 0.33 2.53 2.98 1.80 0.45 4.81 33.43 12.12 45.55
30 17.00 3.69 0.36 0.18 0.33 2.62 3.09 1.83 0.46 4.89 34.47 12.33 46.79
35 17.47 3.96 0.36 0.19 0.34 2.72 3.21 1.87 0.47 4.98 35.56 12.54 48.09
40 17.94 4.28 0.36 0.19 0.35 2.82 3.33 1.90 0.48 5.07 36.71 12.76 49.47
45 18.42 4.65 0.36 0.19 0.35 2.93 3.45 1.93 0.49 5.16 37.93 12.99 50.92
50 18.91 5.08 0.37 0.19 0.36 3.04 3.58 1.97 0.49 5.25 39.25 13.22 52.47
191
I RC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC Buses 57
Financial Cost of Operation of Buses on Six Lane Divided Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 15.12 2.27 0.22 0.13 0.34 1.66 1.96 1.53 0.38 4.08 27.70 10.28 37.98
5 15.52 2.37 0.23 0.13 0.35 1.72 2.03 1.55 0.39 4.14 28.43 10.43 38.86
10 15.93 2.48 0.23 0.13 0.36 1.79 2.11 1.57 0.40 4.20 29.18 10.58 39 .76
15 16.34 2.60 0.23 0.13 0.36 1.85 2.18 1.60 0.40 4.26 29.96 10.74 40.70
20 16.75 2.73 0.23 0.13 0.37 1.92 2.27 1.62 0.41 4.33 30.77 10.90 41.66
25 17.17 2.88 0.24 0.13 0.38 2.00 2.35 1.65 0.41 4 .39 31.60 11 .06 42.66
30 17.60 3.04 0.24 0.13 0.38 2.07 2.44 1.67 0.42 4.46 32.46 11.23 43.70
35 18.03 3.22 0.24 0.13 0.39 2.15 2.53 1.70 0.43 4 .53 33.36 11.41 44.77
40 18.47 3.43 0.25 0.13 0.40 2.23 2.63 1.73 0.43 4.60 34.29 11.59 45.89
45 18.92 3.66 0.25 0.13 0.40 2.31 2.73 1.75 0.44 4.68 35.27 11.78 47.06
50 19.37 3.93 0.25 0.13 0.41 2.40 2.83 1.78 0.45 4 .76 36.30 11.98 48.28
Table VOC Buses 58

Roughness = 3000
0 14.87 2.34 0.25 0.15 0.34 1.78 2.10 1.57 0.39 4 .19 28.01 10.56 38.56
5 15.28 2.45 0.25 0.15 0.35 1.85 2.18 1.59 0.40 4.25 28.77 10.71 39.48
10 15.70 2.56 026 0.16 0.36 1.92 2.26 1.62 0.41 4.32 29.56 10.87 40.43
15 16.12 2 .69 0.26 0.16 0.36 1.99 2.35 1.64 0.41 4 .38 30.37 11.04 41.41
20 16.55 2.83 0.L'.6 0.16 0 .37 2.07 2.44 1.67 0.42 4.45 31.21 11.21 42.42
,._
25 16.98 2.99 0.2T 0.16 0.38 2.15 2.53 1.69 0.43 4 .52 32.08 11.38 43.46
30 17.42 3.16 oz ..
0.16 0.38 2.23 2.62 1.72 0.43 4.59 32.98 11.57 44.55
35 17.86 3.36 0.2" 0.16 0.39 2.31 2.72 1.75 0.44 4.67 33.93 11.75 45.68
•w - - •
40 18.31 3.58 0.2· . 0.16 0.40 2.40 2.82 1.78 0.45 4.74 34.91 11.95 46.86
45 18.77 3.84 0.21, 0.16 0.40 2.49 2.93 1.81 0.45 4 .82 35.95 12.15 48.09
..
50 19.23 4.13 0.2U 0.16 0.41 2.58 3.04 1.84 0.46 4.91 37.04 12.35 49.39
----·-
192
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC Buses 59
Roughness = 4000
0 14.65 2.41 0.28 0.18 0.34 1.92 2.26 1.61 0.41 4.31 28.37 10.85 39.22
5 15.06 2.52 0.28 0.18 0.35 1.99 2.35 1.64 0.41 4.37 29.16 11.01 40.18
10 15.49 2.65 0.29 0.18 0.36 2.07 2.43 1.66 0.42 4.44 29.98 11.18 41.17
15 15.92 2.78 0.29 0.18 0.36 2.14 2.52 1.69 0.42 4.51 30.83 11 .36 42 .19
20 16.36 2.93 0.29 0.18 0.37 2.22 2.62 1.72 0.43 4.58 31.71 11.54 43.25
25 16.80 3.10 0.30 0.18 0.38 2.31 2.72 1.74 0.44 4.66 32.63 11.73 44.35
30 17.25 3.29 0.30 0.18 0.38 2.39 2.82 1.77 0.45 4.73 33.58 11.92 45.49
35 17.71 3.51 0.30 0.19 0.39 2.48 2.93 1.80 0.45 4.81 34.57 12.12 46 .68
40 18.17 3.75 0.30 0.19 0.40 2.58 3.04 1.83 0.46 4.89 35.61 12.32 47.93
45 18.64 4.03 0.31 0.19 0.40 2.67 3.15 1.87 0.47 4.98 36.70 12.54 49.24
50 19.11 4.36 0.31 0.19 0.41 2.77 3.27 1.90 0.48 5.06 37.86 12.76 50 .61
Table voe Buses 60

Financial Cost of Operation of Buses on Four Lane Divided Expressways Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 14.76 2.46 0.25 0.13 0.29 1.82 2.14 1.57 0.40 4.20 28.02 10.58 38.60
5 15.17 2.57 0.25 0.13 0.30 1.89 2.22 1.60 0.40 4.26 28.80 10.74 39.53
10 15.58 2.70 0.26 0.13 0.31 1.96 2.31 1.62 0.41 4.33 29.60 10.90 40.50
15 16.00 2.84 0.26 0.1 3 0.31 2.03 2.39 1.65 0.41 4.39 30.43 11 .07 41.50
20 16.43 3.00 0.26 0.13 0.32 2.11 2.48 1.67 0.42 4.46 31.29 11.24 42.53
25 16.86 3.18 0.27 0.13 0.33 2.19 2.58 1.70 0.43 4.53 32.19 11.41 43.60
30 17.30 3.38 0.27 0.13 0.33 2.27 2.67 1.73 0.43 4.60 33.12 11.60 44.72
35 17.75 3.60 0.27 0.13 0.34 2.36 2.77 1.75 0.44 4.68 34.10 11 .78 45 .88
40 18.20 3.86 0.27 0.13 0.35 2.44 2.88 1.78 0.45 4.76 35.12 11.98 47.10
45 18.66 4.16 0.28 0.13 0.35 2.54 2.99 1.81 0.46 4.84 36.21 12.18 48.39
50 19.12 4.51 0.28 0.13 0.36 2.63 3.10 1.84 0.46 4.92 37.36 12.39 49.74
193
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC Buses 61
Financial Cost of Operation of Buses on Four Lane Divided Expressways Roads {Rs/km)
Roughness = 3000
0 14.53 2.53 0.30 0.15 0.29 1.96 2.30 1.62 0.41 4.32 28.41 10.87 39.28
5 14.95 2.66 0.30 0.15 0.30 2.03 2.39 1.64 0.41 4.38 29.22 11.04 40.26
10 15.37 2.80 0.30 0.16 0.31 2.11 2.48 1.67 0.42 4.45 30.06 11 .21 41 .27
15 15.81 2.95 0.30 0.16 0.31 2.18 2.57 1.69 0.43 4.52 30.93 11.39 42 .32
20 16.24 3.12 0.31 0.16 0.32 2.27 2.67 1.72 0.43 4.59 31.83 11.57 43.40
25 16.69 3.31 0.31 0.16 0.33 2.35 2.77 1.75 0.44 4.67 32.77 11.76 44.53
30 17.14 3.53 0.31 0.16 0.33 2.44 2.87 1.78 0.45 4.74 33.76 11.95 45.71
35 17.60 3.78 0.32 0.16 0.34 2.53 2.98 1.81 0.45 4.82 34.79 12.15 46 .94
40 18.06 4.06 0.32 0.16 0.35 2.63 3.09 1.84 0.46 4.91 35.87 12.36 48.23
45 18.53 4.39 0.32 0.16 0.35 2.73 3.21 1.87 0.47 4.99 37.02 12.57 49 .59
50 19.00 4.78 0.32 0.16 0.36 2.83 3.33 1.90 0.48 5.08 38.25 12.79 51.04
Table VOC Buses 62

Financial Cost of Operation of Buses on Four Lane Divided Expressways Roads {Rs/km)
Roughness= 4000
0 14.32 2.62 0.34 0.18 0.29 2.10 2.48 1.66 0.42 4.44 28.85 11.18 40.04
5 14.75 2.75 0.34 0.18 0.30 2.18 2.57 1.69 0.42 4.51 29.70 11.36 41.06
10 15.19 2.90 0.34 0.18 0.31 2.26 2.67 1.72 0.43 4.58 30.58 11 .54 42.12
15 15.63 3.06 0.35 0.18 0.31 2.35 2.77 1.75 0.44 4.66 31.49 11.73 43.22
20 16.08 3.25 0.35 0.18 0.32 2.44 2.87 1.77 0.45 4.73 32.44 11.92 44.36
25 16.54 3.46 0.35 0.18 0.33 2.53 2.98 1.80 0.45 4.81 33.43 12.12 45.55
30 17.00 3.69 0.36 0.18 0.33 2.62 3.09 1.83 0.46 4.89 34.47 12.33 46.79
35 17.47 3.96 0.36 0.19 0.34 2.72 3.21 1.87 0.47 4.98 35.56 12.54 48.09
40 17.94 4.28 0.36 0.19 0.35 2.82 3.33 1.90 0.48 5.07 36.71 12.76 49.47
45 18.42 4.65 0.36 0.19 0.35 2.93 3.45 1.93 0.49 5.16 37.93 12.99 50.92
50 18.91 5.08 0.37 0.19 0.36 3.04 3.58 1.97 0.49 5.25 39.25 13.22 52.47
194
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC Buses 63
Financial Cost of Operation of Buses on Six Lane Divided Expressways Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness= 2000
0 15.12 2.27 0.22 0.13 0.34 1.66 1.96 1.53 0.38 4.08 27.70 10.28 37.98
5 15.52 2.37 0.23 0.13 0.35 1.72 2.03 1.55 0.39 4.14 28.43 10.43 38 .86
10 15.93 2.48 0.23 0.13 0.36 1.79 2.11 1.57 0.40 4.20 29.18 10.58 39.76
15 16.34 2.60 0.23 0.13 0.36 1.85 2.18 1.60 0.40 4.26 29.96 10.74 40.70
20 16.75 2.73 0.23 0.13 0.37 1.92 2.27 1.62 0.41 4.33 30.77 10.90 41.66
25 17.17 2.88 0.24 0.13 0.38 2.00 2.35 1.65 0.41 4.39 31.60 11.06 42.66
30 17.60 3.04 0.24 0.13 0.38 2.07 2.44 1.67 0.42 4.46 32.46 11.24 43.70
35 18.03 3.22 0.24 0.13 0.39 2.15 2.53 1.70 0.43 4.53 33.36 11.41 44.77
40 18.47 3.43 0.25 0.13 0.40 2.23 2.63 1.73 0.43 4.60 34.29 11.59 45.89
45 18.92 3.66 0.25 0.13 0.40 2.31 2.73 1.75 0.44 4.68 35.27 11.78 47.06
50 19.37 3.93 0.25 0.13 0.41 2.40 2.83 1.78 0.45 4.76 36.30 11.98 48.28
Table VOC Buses 64

Roughness = 3000
0 14.87 2.34 0.25 0.15 0.34 1.78 2.10 1.57 0.39 4.19 28 .01 10.56 38 .56
5 15.28 2.45 0.25 0.15 0.35 1.85 2.18 1.59 0.40 4.25 28.77 10.71 39.48
10 15.70 2.56 0.26 0.16 0.36 1.92 2.26 1.62 0.41 4.32 29.56 10.87 40.43
15 16.12 2.69 0.26 0.16 0.36 1.99 2.35 1.64 0.41 4.38 30.37 11.04 41.41
20 16.55 2.83 0.26 0.16 0.37 2.07 2.44 1.67 0.42 4.45 31 .21 11.21 42.42
25 16.98 2.99 0.27 0.16 0.38 2.15 2.53 1.69 0.43 4.52 32 .08 11.39 43.46
30 17.42 3.16 0.27 0.16 0.38 2.23 2.62 1.72 0.43 4.59 32.98 11.57 44.55
35 17.86 3.36 0.27 0.16 0.39 2.31 2.72 1.75 0.44 4.67 33.93 11 .75 45.68
40 18.31 3.58 0.27 0.16 0.40 2.40 2.82 1.78 0.45 4.74 34 .91 11.95 46.86
45 18.77 3.84 0.28 0.16 0.40 2.49 2.93 1.81 0.45 4.82 35.95 12.15 48.09
50 19.23 4.13 0.28 0.16 0.41 2.58 3.04 1.84 0.46 4.91 37.04 12.36 49.39
195
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC Buses 65
Roughness = 4000
0 14.64 2.41 0.28 0.18 0.34 1.92 2.26 1.61 0.41 4.31 28.37 10.85 39.22
5 15.06 2.52 0.28 0.18 0.35 1.99 2.35 1.64 0.41 4.37 29.16 11 .01 40.18
10 15.49 2.65 0.29 0.18 0.36 2.07 2.43 1.66 0.42 4.44 29.98 11.18 41.17
15 15.92 2.78 0.29 0.18 0.36 2.14 2.52 1.69 0.42 4.51 30.83 11.36 42.19
20 16.36 2.93 0.29 0.18 0.37 2.22 2.62 1.72 0.43 4.58 31.71 11.54 43.25
25 16.80 3.10 0.30 0.18 0.38 2.31 2.72 1.75 0.44 4.66 32.63 11.73 44.35
30 17.25 3.29 0.30 0.18 0.38 2.39 2.82 1.77 0.45 4.73 33.58 11.92 45.49
35 17.71 3.51 0.30 0.19 0.39 2.48 2.93 1.80 0.45 4.81 34.57 12.12 46.68
40 18.17 3.75 0.30 0.19 0.40 2.58 3.04 1.83 0.46 4.89 35.61 12.32 47.93
45 18.64 4.03 0.31 0.19 0.40 2.67 3.15 1.87 0.47 4.98 36.70 12.54 49.24
50 19.11 4.36 0.31 0.19 0.41 2.77 3.27 1.90 0.48 5.07 37.86 12.76 50.62
Table VOC Buses 66

Financial Cost of Operation of Buses on Eight Lane Divided Urban Expressways Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 15.51 2.11 0.21 0.13 0.39 1.59 1.87 1.49 0.37 3.97 27.64 9.99 37.63
5 15.90 2.20 0.21 0.13 0.40 1.65 1.94 1.51 0.38 4.02 28.33 10.13 38.47
10 16.29 2.29 0.21 0.13 0.41 1.71 2.01 1.53 0.38 4.08 29.05 10.28 39 .33
15 16.69 2.40 0.22 0.13 0.41 1.77 2.09 1.55 0.39 4.14 29.79 10.43 40.21
20 17.10 2.51 0.22 0.13 0.42 1.84 2.17 1.57 0.40 4.20 30.55 10.58 41.12
25 17.51 2.63 0.22 0.13 0.43 1.91 2.25 1.60 0.40 4.26 31.33 10.73 42.07
30 17.92 2.77 0.23 0.13 0.43 1.98 2.33 1.62 0.41 4.33 32.14 10.90 43.04
35 18.34 2.92 0.23 0.13 0.44 2.05 2.42 1.65 0.41 4.39 32.98 11.06 44.04
40 18.77 3.08 0.23 0.13 0.45 2.13 2.51 1.67 0.42 4.46 33.85 11.23 45.09
45 19.20 3.27 0.23 0.13 0.45 2.21 2.60 1.70 0.43 4.53 34.76 11.41 46.17
50 19.64 3.48 0.24 0.13 0.46 2.29 2.70 1.73 0.43 4.60 35.71 11.59 47.30
196
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC Buses 67
Roughness = 3000
0 15.24 2.17 0.23 0.15 0.39 1.70 2.01 1.53 0.38 4.07 27.89 10.26 38.14
5 15.64 2.26 0.23 0.15 0.40 1.77 2.08 1.55 0.39 4.13 28.61 10.40 39.02
10 16.04 2.36 0.24 0.16 0.41 1.84 2.16 1.57 0.39 4.19 29.36 10.56 39.91
15 16.45 2.47 0.24 0.16 0.41 1.90 2.24 1.59 0.40 4.25 30.13 10.71 40.84
20 16.87 2.59 0.24 0.16 0.42 1.98 2.33 1.62 0.41 4.32 30.92 10.87 41.79
25 17.29 2.72 0.24 0.16 0.43 2.05 2.41 1.64 0.41 4.38 31.74 11.04 42.78
30 17.72 2.87 0.25 0.16 0.43 2.13 2.51 1.67 0.42 4.45 32.59 11.21 43.80
35 18.15 3.03 0.25 0.16 0.44 2.21 2.60 1.69 0.43 4.52 33.47 11.38 44.85
40 18.59 3.21 0.25 0.16 0.45 2.29 2.70 1.72 0.43 4.59 34.38 11.57 45.95
45 19.03 3.41 0.26 0.16 0.45 2.38 2.80 1.75 0.44 4.67 35.34 11.75 47.09
50 19.48 3.64 0.26 0.16 0.46 2.46 2.90 1.78 0.45 4.74 36.33 11.95 48.28
Table VOC Buses 68

Roughness= 4000
0 14.99 2.23 0.25 0.18 0.39 1.83 2.16 1.57 0.39 4.18 28.19 10.53 38.72
5 15.40 2.33 0.25 0.18 0.40 1.90 2.24 1.59 0.40 4.24 28.94 10.69 39.63
10 15.82 2.44 0.26 0.18 0.41 1.97 2.32 1.61 0.41 4.31 29.72 10.85 40.57
15 16.24 2.55 0.26 0.18 0.41 2.05 2.41 1.64 0.41 4.37 30.52 11.01 41 .54
20 16.66 2.68 0.26 0.18 0.42 2.12 2.50 1.66 0.42 4.44 31.35 11.18 42.53
25 17.09 2.82 0.27 0.18 0.43 2.20 2.60 1.69 0.42 4.51 32.21 11.36 43.57
30 17.53 2.97 0.27 0.18 0.43 2.29 2.69 1.72 0.43 4.58 33.10 11.54 44 .64
35 17.97 3.15 0.27 0.19 0.44 2.37 2.79 1.74 0.44 4.65 34.02 11.72 45.74
40 18.42 3.34 0.27 0.19 0.45 2.46 2.90 1.77 0.45 4.73 34.98 11.92 46.90
45 18.88 3.56 0.28 0.19 0.45 2.55 3.01 1.80 0.45 4.81 35 .98 12.12 48.10
50 19.34 3.81 0.28 0.19 0.46 2.65 3.12 1.83 0.46 4.89 37.04 12.32 49.36
197
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC LCV 1
Economic Cost of Operation of LCV on Single Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
RF Fuel Tyre Engine Other Grease Spare Mainte- Fixed Depre- Crew Total Commodity Grand
Cost Cost Oil Oil Cost Parts nance Cost ciation Cost Cost Holding Cost
Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost
0 3.80 0.94 0.1 6 0.07 0.01 0.39 0.34 6.85 1.14 8.52 22.21 0.61 22.83
5 4.41 0.99 0.18 0.07 0.01 0.39 0.34 7.10 1.19 8.83 23.50 0.63 24.14
10 5.03 1.05 0.20 0.07 0.01 0.39 0.34 7.37 1.23 9.16 24.86 0.66 25.52
15 5.67 1.12 0.22 0.07 0.01 0.39 0.34 7.66 1.28 9.52 26.28 0.68 26 .97
20 6.32 1.20 0.24 0.07 0.02 0.39 0.34 7.97 1.33 9.91 27.79 0.71 28 .51
25 6.99 1.29 0.26 0.07 0.02 0.39 0.34 8.31 1.39 10.34 29.39 0.74 30.14
30 7.67 1.39 0.27 0.07 0.02 0.39 0.34 8.69 1.45 10.80 31 .10 0.78 31.87
35 8.37 1.51 0.29 0.07 0.02 0.39 0.34 9.09 1.52 11.31 32.92 0.81 33.73
40 9.10 1.66 0.31 0.07 0.03 0.39 0.34 9.54 1.59 11.86 34.89 0.85 35.74
45 9.84 1.83 0.33 0.07 0.03 0.39 0.34 10.03 1.68 12.47 37.02 0.90 37.91
50 10.62 2.05 0.35 0.07 0.03 0.39 0.34 10.58 1.77 13.15 39.34 0.95 40.29
Table VOC LCV 2

Economic Cost of Operation of LCV on Single Lane Roads (Rs/km) Maintenance Cost
Roughness = 3000
0 3.80 0.97 0.17 0.09 0.01 0.45 0.39 6.95 1.16 8.64 22.61 0.62 23.23
5 4.41 1.03 0.19 0.09 0.01 0.45 0.39 7.20 1.20 8.96 23.93 0.64 24.57
10 5.04 1.09 0.21 0.09 0.01 0.45 0.39 7.48 1.25 9.30 25.31 0.67 25 .98
15 5.68 1.16 0.23 0.09 0.01 0.45 0.39 7.78 1.30 9.67 26 .77 0.70 27.46
20 6.34 1.25 0.24 0.09 0.02 0.45 0.39 8.11 1.35 10.08 28 .31 0.72 29.04
25 7.01 1.34 0.26 0.09 0.02 0.45 0.39 8.46 1.41 10.52 29.95 0.76 30.71
30 7.71 1.46 0.28 0.09 0.02 0.45 0.39 8.84 1.48 11.00 31.71 0.79 32.50
35 8.42 1.59 0.30 0.09 0.02 0.45 0.39 9.26 1.55 11.52 33.59 0.83 34.42
40 9.15 1.75 0.32 0.09 0.03 0.45 0.39 9.73 1.63 12.10 35.62 0.87 36.49
45 9.90 1.95 0.34 0.09 0.03 0.45 0.39 10.24 1.71 12.74 37.83 0.92 38.75
50 10.69 2.19 0.35 0.09 0.03 0.45 0.39 10.81 1.81 13.44 40.26 0.97 41.22
198
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC LCV 3
Roughness= 4000
0 3.80 1.00 0.18 0.11 0.01 0.52 0.45 7.05 1.18 8.76 23 .03 0.63 23.66
5 4.42 1.06 0.20 0.11 0.01 0.52 0.45 7.31 1.22 9.09 24.38 0.65 25.03
10 5.05 1.13 0.21 0.11 0.01 0.52 0.45 7.60 1.27 9.45 25.79 0.68 26.47
15 5.70 1.21 0.23 0.11 0.01 0.52 0.45 7.91 1.32 9.83 27.28 0.71 27.99
20 6.36 1.30 0.25 0.11 0.02 0.52 0.45 8.24 1.38 10.25 28.87 0.74 29.60
25 7.04 1.40 0.27 0.11 0.02 0.52 0.45 8.61 1.44 10.70 30.55 0.77 31.32
30 7.74 1.53 0.29 0.11 0.02 0.52 0.45 9.01 1.50 11.20 32.36 0.81 33.16
35 8.46 1.68 0.31 0.11 0.02 0.52 0.45 9.44 1.58 11.74 34.30 0.84 35.14
40 9.20 1.85 0.32 0.11 0.03 0.52 0.45 9.93 1.66 12.34 36.40 0.89 37.29
45 9.97 2.08 0.34 0.11 0.03 0.52 0.45 10.46 1.75 13.01 38.70 0.94 39.64
50 10.77 2.36 0.36 0.11 0.03 0.52 0.45 11.06 1.85 13.75 41 .24 0.99 42 .23
Table voe LCV 4

Roughness= 5000
0 3.80 1.03 0.18 0.12 0.01 0.60 0.51 7.15 1.19 8.89 23.49 0.64 24.13
5 4.43 1.10 0.20 0.12 0.01 0.60 0.51 7.42 1.24 9.23 24.86 0.66 25.52
10 5.07 1.17 0.22 0.12 0.01 0.60 0.51 7.72 1.29 9.59 26.30 0.69 26.99
15 5.72 1.26 0.24 0.12 0.01 0.60 0.51 8.04 1.34 9.99 27.83 0.72 28.55
20 6.39 1.35 0.26 0.12 0.02 0.60 0.51 8.38 1.40 10.42 29.46 0.75 30.21
25 7.08 1.47 0.28 0.12 0.02 0.60 0.51 8.76 1.46 10.89 31.19 0.78 31.98
30 7.78 1.61 0.29 0.12 0.02 0.60 0.51 9.17 1.53 11.41 33.05 0.82 33.87
35 8.51 1.77 0.31 0.12 0.02 0.60 0.51 9.63 1.61 11.97 35.06 0.86 35.92
40 9.26 1.97 0.33 0.12 0.03 0.60 0.51 10.13 1.69 12.60 37.24 0.91 38.15
45 10.04 2.22 0.35 0.12 0.03 0.60 0.51 10.69 1.79 13.29 39.64 0.96 40.60
50 10.85 2.55 0.37 0.12 0.03 0.60 0.51 11.31 1.89 14.06 42 .30 1.01 43.31
199
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC LCV 5
Roughness = 6000
0 3.80 1.07 0.19 0.14 0.01 0.69 0.59 7.25 1.21 9.02 23.97 0.65 24.62
5 4.44 1.14 0.21 0.14 0.01 0.69 0.59 7.54 1.26 9.37 25.38 0.67 26.05
10 5.08 1.22 0.23 0.14 0.01 0.69 0.59 7.84 1.31 9.75 26.85 0.70 27.56
15 5.74 1.31 0.25 0.14 0.01 0.69 0.59 8.17 1.36 10.16 28.42 0.73 29.15
20 6.42 1.42 0.26 0.14 0.02 0.69 0.59 8.53 1.42 10.60 30.09 0.76 30.85
25 7.11 1.54 0.28 0.14 0.02 0.69 0.59 8.92 1.49 11.09 31.88 0.80 32.67
30 7.83 1.69 0.30 0.14 0.02 0.69 0.59 9.35 1.56 11.62 33.80 0.84 34.63
35 8.56 1.88 0.32 0.14 0.02 0.69 0.59 9.82 1.64 12.21 35.88 0.88 36.75
40 9.32 2.10 0.34 0.14 0.03 0.69 0.59 10.34 1.73 12.86 38.15 0.92 39.07
45 10.12 2.39 0.36 0.14 0.03 0.69 0.59 10.93 1.82 13.59 40.65 0.98 41.63
50 10.94 2.78 0.37 0.14 0.03 0.69 0.59 11.58 1.93 14.40 43.45 1.04 44.49
Table VOC LCV 6

Roughness = 7000
0 3.81 1.10 0.20 0.16 0.01 0.79 0.68 7.36 1.23 9.15 24.50 0.66 25.16
5 4.45 1.18 0.22 0.16 0.01 0.79 0.68 7.65 1.28 9.52 25.93 0.68 26.62
10 5.10 1.27 0.23 0.16 0.01 0.79 0.68 7.97 1.33 9.91 27.45 0.71 28.16
15 5.77 1.37 0.25 0.16 0.01 0.79 0.68 8.31 1.39 10.33 29.06 0.74 29.80
20 6.45 1.48 0.27 0.16 0.02 0.79 0.68 8.68 1.45 10.79 30.77 0.78 31.55
25 7.15 1.62 0.29 0.16 0.02 0.79 0.68 9.08 1.52 11.30 32.61 0.81 33.42
30 7.87 1.79 0.31 0.16 0.02 0.79 0.68 9.53 1.59 11.85 34.60 0.85 35.45
35 8.62 1.99 0.33 0.16 0.02 0.79 0.68 10.02 1.67 12.46 36.75 0.90 37.65
40 9.39 2.25 0.34 0.1 6 0.03 0.79 0.68 10.57 1.77 13.14 39.12 0.94 40.06
45 10.20 2.59 0.36 0.16 0.03 0.79 0.68 11 .17 1.87 13.89 41.75 1.00 42.75
50 11.04 3.05 0.38 0.16 0.03 0.79 0.68 11 .86 1.98 14.74 44.71 1.06 45.77
200
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC LCV 7
Roughness= 8000
0 3.82 1.15 0.20 0.18 0.01 0.91 0.78 7.47 1.25 9.29 25.07 0.67 25.73
5 4.46 1.23 0.22 0.1 8 0.01 0.91 0.78 7.77 1.30 9.67 26.53 0.70 27.23
10 5.12 1.32 0.24 0.18 0.01 0.91 0.78 8.10 1.35 10.07 28.08 0.72 28.81
15 5.79 1.43 0.26 0.18 0.01 0.91 0.78 8.45 1.41 10.51 29.74 0.76 30.49
20 6.48 1.56 0.28 0.18 0.02 0.91 0.78 8.83 1.48 10.99 31 .50 0.79 32.29
25 7.19 1.71 0.30 0.18 0.02 0.91 0.78 9.26 1.55 11.51 33.40 0.83 34.23
30 7.92 1.90 0.31 0.18 0.02 0.91 0.78 9.72 1.62 12.08 35.46 0.87 36.33
35 8.68 2.13 0.33 0.18 0.02 0.91 0.78 10.23 1.71 12.72 37.70 0.91 38.61
40 9.46 2.43 0.35 0.18 0.03 0.91 0.78 10.80 1.80 13.43 40.18 0.97 41 .14
45 10.28 2.83 0.37 0.18 0.03 0.91 0.78 11.43 1.91 14.22 42.94 1.02 43.97
50 11.15 3.38 0.39 0.18 0.03 0.91 0.78 12.15 2.03 15.11 46.10 1.09 47.19
Table VOC LCV 8

Economic Cost of Operation of LCV on Intermediate Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 4.04 0.79 0.16 0.07 0.01 0.29 0.25 6.46 1.08 8.03 21.16 0.58 21.74
5 4.62 0.82 0.18 0.07 0.01 0.29 0.25 6.70 1.12 8.33 22.38 0.60 22.98
10 5.21 0.87 0.20 0.07 0.01 0.29 0.25 6.95 1.16 8.65 23.66 0.62 24.28
15 5.82 0.91 0.22 0.07 0.01 0.29 0.25 7.23 1.21 8.99 25.01 0.65 25.65
20 6.44 0.96 0.23 0.07 0.02 0.29 0.25 7.54 1.26 9.37 26.43 0.67 27.10
25 7.08 1.02 0.25 0.07 0.02 0.29 0.25 7.86 1.31 9.78 27.94 0.70 28.64
30 7.74 1.08 0.27 0.07 0.02 0.29 0.25 8.22 1.37 10.22 29.54 0.74 30.28
35 8.41 1.15 0.29 0.07 0.02 0.29 0.25 8.61 1.44 10.71 31.26 0.77 32.03
40 9.11 1.24 0.31 0.07 0.03 0.29 0.25 9.05 1.51 11.25 33.10 0.81 33.91
45 9.83 1.33 0.33 0.07 0.03 0.29 0.25 9.52 1.59 11.84 35.09 0.85 35.94
50 10.58 1.44 0.34 0.07 0.03 0.29 0.25 10.06 1.68 12.50 37.25 0.90 38.14
201
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table voe LCV 9
Roughness = 3000
0 4.02 0.81 0.16 0.09 0.01 0.34 0.29 6.55 1.09 8.14 21.50 0.59 22.09
5 4.61 0.85 0.18 0.09 0.01 0.34 0.29 6.80 1.14 8.45 22.74 0.61 23.35
10 5.21 0.89 0.20 0.09 0.01 0.34 0.29 7.06 1.18 8.78 24.05 0.63 24.68
15 5.82 0.94 0.22 0.09 0.01 0.34 0.29 7.35 1.23 9.14 25.42 0.66 26.08
20 6.45 0.99 0.24 0.09 0.02 0.34 0.29 7.66 1.28 9.53 26.88 0.69 27.57
25 7.10 1.05 0.26 0.09 0.02 0.34 0.29 8.00 1.34 9.95 28.43 0.72 29.14
30 7.76 1.12 0.27 0.09 0.02 0.34 0.29 8.37 1.40 10.41 30.07 0.75 30.82
35 8.44 1.20 0.29 0.09 0.02 0.34 0.29 8.78 1.47 10.92 31.84 0.79 32.62
40 9.15 1.29 0.31 0.09 0.03 0.34 0.29 9.23 1.54 11.48 33.74 0.83 34.56
45 9.88 1.39 0.33 0.09 0.03 0.34 0.29 9.73 1.62 12.10 35.79 0.87 36.66
50 10.64 1.51 0.35 0.09 0.03 0.34 0.29 10.28 1.72 12.79 38.03 0.92 38 .95
Table VOC LCV 10

Roughness = 4000
0 4.01 0.83 0.17 0.11 0.01 0.39 0.33 6.65 1.11 8.26 21.86 0.59 22.45
5 4.60 0.87 0.19 0.11 0.01 0.39 0.33 6.90 1.15 8.58 23.12 0.62 23.74
10 5.21 0.92 0.21 0.11 0.01 0.39 0.33 7.17 1.20 8.92 24.46 0.64 25.10
15 5.83 0.97 0.22 0 .11 0.01 0.39 0.33 7.47 1.25 9.29 25.87 0.67 26 .53
20 6.46 1.03 0.24 0.11 0.02 0.39 0.33 7.79 1.30 9.69 27.36 0.70 28.05
25 7.12 1.09 0.26 0.11 0.02 0.39 0.33 8.15 1.36 10.13 28.94 0.73 29.67
30 7.79 1.16 0.28 0.11 0.02 0.39 0.33 8.53 1.42 10.61 30.64 0.76 31.40
35 8.48 1.25 0.30 0.11 0.02 0.39 0.33 8.95 1.50 11.13 32.46 0.80 33 .26
40 9.19 1.34 0.32 0.11 0.03 0.39 0.33 9.42 1.57 11.72 34.42 0.84 35.26
45 9.94 1.46 0.33 0.11 0.03 0.39 0.33 9.94 1.66 12.36 36.54 0.89 37.43
50 10.71 1.59 0.35 0.11 0.03 0.39 0.33 10.52 1.76 13.08 38.87 0.94 39.81
202
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC LCV 11
Roughness = 5000
0 4.00 0.85 0.17 0.12 0.01 0.44 0.38 6.74 1.13 8.39 22.24 0.60 22 .84
5 4.60 0.90 0.19 0.12 0.01 0.44 0.38 7.01 1.17 8.71 23.53 0.63 24.16
10 5.21 0.94 0.21 0.12 0.01 0.44 0.38 7.29 1.22 9.06 24 .90 0.65 25.55
15 5.84 1.00 0.23 0.12 0.01 0.44 0.38 7.60 1.27 9.45 26.34 0.68 27.02
20 6.48 1.06 0.25 0.12 0.02 0.44 0.38 7.93 1.32 9.86 27.87 0.71 28.57
25 7.14 1.13 0.27 0.12 0.02 0.44 0.38 8.29 1.39 10.31 29.49 0.74 30.24
30 7.82 1.21 0.28 0.12 0.02 0.44 0.38 8.69 1.45 10.81 31.24 0.78 32.01
35 8.52 1.30 0.30 0.12 0.02 0.44 0.38 9.13 1.53 11.36 33.11 0.82 33.93
40 9.24 1.40 0.32 0.12 0.03 0.44 0.38 9.62 1.61 11.96 35.14 0.86 36.00
45 10.00 1.53 0.34 0.12 0.03 0.44 0.38 10.16 1.70 12.64 37.34 0.91 38.25
50 10.78 1.67 0.36 0.12 0.03 0.44 0.38 10.77 1.80 13.39 39.76 0.96 40.72
Table VOC LCV 12

Roughness = 6000
0 3.99 0.88 0.18 0.14 0.01 0.51 0.44 6.85 1.14 8.51 22.65 0.61 23.26
5 4.60 0.92 0.20 0.14 0.01 0.51 0.44 7.12 1.19 8.85 23.97 0.64 24 .60
10 5.21 0.97 0.21 0.1 4 0.01 0.51 0.44 7.41 1.24 9.21 25.36 0.66 26.02
15 5.85 1.03 0.23 0.14 0.01 0.51 0.44 7.72 1.29 9.61 26.84 0.69 27.53
20 6.50 1.10 0.25 0.14 0.02 0.51 0.44 8.07 1.35 10.04 28.41 0.72 29.13
25 7.16 1.17 0.27 0.14 0.02 0.51 0.44 8.45 1.41 10.51 30.08 0.76 30.84
30 7.85 1.26 0.29 0.14 0.02 0.51 0.44 8.86 1.48 11 .02 31.87 0.79 32.67
35 8.56 1.35 0.31 0.14 0.02 0.51 0.44 9.32 1.56 11.59 33.81 0.83 34.64
40 9.30 1.47 0.32 0.14 0.03 0.51 0.44 9.83 1.64 12.22 35 .90 0.88 36 .78
45 10.06 1.60 0.34 0.14 0.03 0.51 0.44 10.40 1.74 12.93 38.19 0.93 39.12
50 10.86 1.77 0.36 0.14 0.03 0.51 0.44 11.03 1.84 13.72 40.71 0.99 41.69
203
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC LCV 13
Roughness = 7000
0 3.99 0.90 0.18 0.16 0.01 0.59 0.51 6.95 1.16 8.64 23.09 0.62 23.71
5 4.60 0.95 0.20 0.16 0.01 0.59 0.51 7.23 1.21 8.99 24.44 0.65 25.08
10 5.22 1.00 0.22 0.16 0.01 0.59 0.51 7.53 1.26 9.36 25.86 0.67 26.54
15 5.86 1.07 0.24 0.16 0.01 0.59 0.51 7.86 1.31 9.77 27.38 0.70 28.08
20 6.52 1.14 0.26 0.16 0.02 0.59 0.51 8.22 1.37 10.22 28.99 0.73 29.72
25 7.19 1.22 0.27 0.16 0.02 0.59 0.51 8.61 1.44 10.70 30.71 0.77 31.48
30 7.89 1.31 0.29 0.16 0.02 0.59 0.51 9.04 1.51 11.24 32.56 0.81 33.36
35 8.61 1.42 0.31 0.16 0.02 0.59 0.51 9.52 1.59 11.83 34.55 0.85 35.40
40 9.35 1.54 0.33 0.16 0.03 0.59 0.51 10.05 1.68 12.49 36.72 0.90 37.62
45 10.13 1.69 0.35 0.16 0.03 0.59 0.51 10.64 1.78 13.23 39.10 0.95 40.05
50 10.95 1.87 0.37 0.16 0.03 0.59 0.51 11.31 1.89 14.06 41.73 1.01 42.74
Table VOC LCV 14

Roughness = 8000
0 3.99 0.93 0.19 0.18 0.01 0.68 0.58 7.06 1.18 8.78 23.56 0.63 24.19
5 4.60 0.98 0.21 0.18 0.01 0.68 0.58 7.35 1.23 9.13 24.94 0.66 25.60
10 5.23 1.04 0.22 0.18 0.01 0.68 0.58 7.66 1.28 9.52 26.40 0.68 27.08
15 5.88 1.10 0.24 0.18 0.01 0.68 0.58 8.00 1.34 9.94 27 .95 0.71 28 .67
20 6.54 1.18 0.26 0.18 0.02 0.68 0.58 8.37 1.40 10.40 29.60 0.75 30.35
25 7.22 1.27 0.28 0.18 0.02 0.68 0.58 8.77 1.47 10.91 31 .38 0.78 32.16
30 7.93 1.37 0.30 0.18 0.02 0.68 0.58 9.22 1.54 11.47 33.28 0.82 34.11
35 8.66 1.48 0.32 0.18 0.02 0.68 0.58 9.72 1.62 12.09 35.35 0.87 36.22
40 9.42 1.62 0.33 0.18 0.03 0.68 0.58 10.27 1.72 12.77 37.60 0.92 38.52
45 10.21 1.79 0.35 0.18 0.03 0.68 0.58 10.89 1.82 13.55 40.08 0.97 41.05
50 11 .04 1.99 0.37 0.18 0.03 0.68 0.58 11 .59 1.94 14.42 42.83 1.04 43.86
204
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC LCV 15
Economic Cost of Operation of LCV on Two Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness= 2000
0 4.30 0.69 0.16 0.07 0.01 0.25 0.22 6.12 1.02 7.61 20.44 0.60 21.05
5 4.85 0.72 0.18 0.07 0.01 0.25 0.22 6.35 1.06 7.89 21.60 0.63 22.22
10 5.41 0.75 0.20 0.07 0.01 0.25 0.22 6.60 1.10 8.20 22.81 0.65 23.46
15 5.99 0.79 0.21 0.07 0.01 0.25 0.22 6.86 1.15 8.53 24.09 0.68 24.77
20 6.59 0.82 0.23 0.07 0.02 0.25 0.22 7.15 1.20 8.90 25.45 0.71 26.15
25 7.20 0.86 0.25 0.07 0.02 0.25 0.22 7.47 1.25 9.29 26.88 0.74 27.62
30 7.83 0.91 0.27 0.07 0.02 0.25 0.22 7.82 1.31 9.72 28.41 0.77 29.18
35 8.48 0.96 0.29 0.07 0.02 0.25 0.22 8.20 1.37 10.19 30.05 0.81 30.86
40 9.15 1.02 0.31 0.07 0.03 0.25 0.22 8.62 1.44 10.71 31.81 0.85 32.66
45 9.84 1.08 0.32 0.07 0.03 0.25 0.22 9.08 1.52 11.29 33.70 0.90 34.60
50 10.56 1.15 0.34 0.07 0.03 0.25 0.22 9.60 1.60 11.93 35.76 0.95 36.71
Table VOC LCV 16

Roughness= 3000
0 4.27 0.71 0.16 0.09 0.01 0.29 0.25 6.21 1.04 7.72 20.74 0.61 21.35
5 4.83 0.74 0.18 0.09 0.01 0.29 0.25 6.44 1.08 8.01 21.92 0.64 22.55
10 5.40 0.77 0.20 0.09 0.01 0.29 0.25 6.70 1.12 8.33 23.16 0.66 23.82
15 5.98 0.81 0.22 0.09 0.01 0.29 0.25 6.98 1.17 8.68 24.47 0.69 25 .16
20 6.58 0.85 0.24 0.09 0.02 0.29 0.25 7.28 1.22 9.05 25.86 0.72 26.57
25 7.20 0.89 0.25 0.09 0.02 0.29 0.25 7.61 1.27 9.46 27.33 0.75 28.08
30 7.84 0.94 0.27 0.09 0.02 0.29 0.25 7.97 1.33 9.90 28.90 0.79 29.69
35 8.50 0.99 0.29 0.09 0.02 0.29 0.25 8.36 1.40 10.39 30.58 0.82 31.41
40 9.18 1.05 0.31 0.09 0.03 0.29 0.25 8.80 1.47 10.94 32.40 0.87 33.26
45 9.88 1.12 0.33 0.09 0.03 0.29 0.25 9.28 1.55 11.54 34.36 0.91 35.27
50 10.62 1.19 0.35 0.09 0.03 0.29 0.25 9.82 1.64 12.21 36.49 0.97 37.46
205
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC LCV 17
Roughness= 4000
0 4.25 0.72 0.17 0.11 0.01 0.34 0.29 6.30 1.05 7.83 21 .06 0.62 21 .68
5 4.81 0.75 0.18 0.11 0.01 0.34 0.29 6.54 1.09 8.14 22.26 0.65 22.91
10 5.38 0.79 0.20 0.11 0.01 0.34 0.29 6.81 1.14 8.47 23.53 0.67 24.20
15 5.98 0.83 0.22 - 0.11 0.01 0.34 0.29 7.09 1.18 8.82 24.87 0.70 25.57
20 6.58 0.87 0.24 0.11 0.02 0.34 0.29 7.41 1.24 9.21 26.29 0.73 27.02
25 7.21 0.91 0.26 0.11 0.02 0.34 0.29 7.75 1.29 9.63 27.80 0.76 28.57
30 7.86 0.97 0.28 0.11 0.02 0.34 0.29 8.1 2 1.36 10.09 29.42 0.80 30 .22
35 8.52 1.02 0.29 0.11
'
0.02 0.34 0.29 8.53 1.42 10.60 31.15 0.84 31 .99
40 9.21 1.09 0.31 0.11 0.03 0.34 0.29 8.98 1.50 11.17 33.02 0.89 33.91
45 9.93 1.16 0.33 0.11 0.03 0.34 0.29 9.49 1.58 11.80 35.05 0.94 35.98
50 10.68 1.24 0.35 0.11 0.03 0.34 0.29 10.05 1.68 12.50 37.26 0.99 38.25
Table VOC LCV 18

Roughness= 5000
0 4.23 0.74 0.1 7 0.12 0.01 0.39 0.33 6.39 1.07 7.95 21.40 0.63 22.03
5 4.79 0.77 0.19 0.12 0.01 0.39 0.33 6.65 1.11 8.26 22.63 0.66 23.28
10 5.38 0.81 0.2 1 0.12 0.01 0.39 0.33 6.92 1.16 8.60 23.92 0.68 24.61
15 5.97 0.85 0.22 0.12 0.01 0.39 0.33 7.21 1.21 8.97 25.30 0.71 26.01
20 6.59 0.89 0.24 0.12 0.02 0.39 0.33 7.54 1.26 9.37 26.75 0.74 27.50
25 7.22 0.94 0.26 0.12 0.02 0.39 0.33 7.89 1.32 9.81 28.31 0.78 29.08
30 7.88 1.00 0.28 0.12 0.02 0.39 0.33 8.28 1.38 10.29 29.97 0.82 30.78
35 8.55 1.06 0.30 0.12 0.02 0.39 0.33 8.70 1.45 10.82 31.75 0.86 32.61
40 9.25 1.13 0.32 0.12 0.03 0.39 0.33 9.18 1.53 11.41 33.68 0.90 34.59
45 9.98 1.20 0.33 0.12 0.03 0.39 0.33 9.70 1.62 12.07 35.78 0.96 36.74
50 10.74 1.29 0.35 0.12 0.03 0.39 0.33 10.30 1.72 12.80 38.08 1.01 39.10
206
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC LCV 19
Roughness = 6000
0 4.21 0.76 0.17 0.14 0.01 0.45 0.38 6.49 1.08 8.07 21.77 0.64 22.41
5 4.78 0.79 0.19 0.14 0.01 0.45 0.38 6.75 1.13 8.40 23.02 0.67 23.69
10 5.37 0.83 0.21 0.14 0.01 0.45 0.38 7.03 1.17 8.75 24.35 0.69 25.04
15 5.97 0.87 0.23 0.14 0.01 0.45 0.38 7.34 1.23 9.13 25.75 0.72 26.48
20 6.60 0.92 0.25 0.14 0.02 0.45 0.38 7.67 1.28 9.54 27.25 0.76 28.00
25 7.24 0.97 0.26 0.14 0.02 0.45 0.38 8.04 1.34 10.00 28.84 0.79 29.63
30 7.90 1.03 0.28 0.14 0.02 0.45 0.38 8.44 1.41 10.50 30.55 0.83 31.38
35 8.58 1.09 0.30 0.14 0.02 0.45 0.38 8.89 1.48 11.05 32.39 0.88 33.27
40 9.29 1.17 0.32 0.14 0.03 0.45 0.38 9.38 1.57 11.66 34.39 0.92 35.31
45 10.03 1.25 0.34 0.14 0.03 0.45 0.38 9.93 1.66 12.35 36.56 0.98 37.54
50 10.81 1.35 0.36 0.14 0.03 0.45 0.38 10.55 1.76 13.12 38.96 1.04 40.00
Table VOC LCV 20

Economic Cost of Operation of LCV on Four Lane Divided Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness= 2000
0 5.27 0.69 0.16 0.07 0.01 0.25 0.22 5.27 0.88 6.56 19.39 1.09 20.47
5 5.93 0.72 0.18 0.07 0.01 0.25 0.22 5.33 0.89 6.62 20.22 1.10 21.32
10 6.59 0.75 0.20 0.07 0.01 0.25 0.22 5.38 0.90 6.69 21.06 1.11 22.17
15 7.24 0.79 0.21 0.07 0.01 0.25 0.22 5.44 0.91 6.76 21.90 1.12 23.02
20 7.90 0.82 0.23 0.07 0.02 0.25 0.22 5.49 0.92 6.83 22.76 1.13 23.89
25 8.56 0.86 0.25 0.07 0.02 0.25 0.22 5.55 0.93 6.90 23.62 1.14 24.76
30 9.22 0.91 0.27 0.07 0.02 0.25 0.22 5.61 0.94 6.97 24.49 1.16 25.64
35 9.89 0.96 0.29 0.07 0.02 0.25 0.22 5.67 0.95 7.05 25.37 1.17 26.53
40 10.55 1.02 0.31 0.07 0.03 0.25 0.22 5.73 0.96 7.13 26.26 1.18 27.44
45 11.22 1.08 0.32 0.07 0.03 0.25 0.22 5.79 0.97 7.20 27.16 1.19 28.35
50 11.88 1.15 0.34 0.07 0.03 0.25 0.22 5.86 0.98 7.28 28.07 1.21 29.28
207
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC LCV 21
Roughness= 3000
0 5.03 0.71 0.16 0.09 0.01 0.29 0.25 5.48 0.92 6.82 19.75 1.13 20.88
5 5.69 0.74 0.18 0.09 0.01 0.29 0.25 5.54 0.93 6.89 20 .60 1.14 21.74
10 6.35 0.77 0.20 0.09 0.01 0.29 0.25 5.60 0.93 6.96 21.46 1.15 22 .61
15 7.01 0.81 0.22 0.09 0.01 0.29 0.25 5.66 0.94 7.03 22.32 1.17 23.49
20 7.68 0.85 0.24 0.09 0.02 0.29 0.25 5.72 0.96 7.11 23.19 1.18 24.37
25 8.34 0.89 0.25 0.09 0.02 0.29 0.25 5.78 0.97 7.19 24.07 1.19 25.26
30 9.01 0.94 0.27 0.09 0.02 0.29 0.25 5.84 0.98 7.27 24.96 1.20 26.16
35 9.68 0.99 0.29 0.09 0.02 0.29 0.25 5.91 0.99 7.35 25.86 1.22 27 .08
40 10.35 1.05 0.31 0.09 0.03 0.29 0.25 5.98 1.00 7.43 26 .77 1.23 28.00
45 11 .02 1.12 0.33 0.09 0.03 0.29 0.25 6.04 1.01 7.52 27.69 1.25 28 .94
50 11.69 1.19 0.35 0.09 0.03 0.29 0.25 6.11 1.02 7.60 28.63 1.26 29.89
Table VOC LCV 22

Roughness = 4000
0 4.80 0.72 0.17 0.11 0.01 0.34 0.29 5.71 0.95 7.10 20.19 1.18 21 .36
5 5.47 0.75 0.18 0.11 0.01 0.34 0.29 5.77 0.96 7.17 21 .05 1.19 22.24
10 6.14 0.79 0.20 0.11 0.01 0.34 0.29 5.83 0.97 7.25 21 .93 1.20 23.13
15 6.80 0.83 0.22 0.11 0.01 0.34 0.29 5.90 0.98 7.33 22.81 1.21 24 .03
20 7.47 0.87 0.24 0.11 0.02 0.34 0.29 5.96 1.00 7.41 23.70 1.23 24.93
25 8.14 0.91 0.26 0.11 0.02 0.34 0.29 6.03 1.01 7.50 24 .60 1.24 25.85
30 8.82 0.97 0.28 0.11 0.02 0.34 0.29 6.10 1.02 7.59 25.52 1.26 26.77
35 9.49 1.02 0.29 0.11 0.02 0.34 0.29 6.17 1.03 7.67 26.44 1.27 27.71
40 10.16 1.09 0.31 0.11 0.03 0.34 0.29 6.24 1.04 7.76 27.37 1.29 28.66
45 10.84 1.16 0.33 0.11 0.03 0.34 0.29 6.32 1.06 7.86 28.32 1.30 29.62
50 11 .52 1.24 0.35 0.11 0.03 0.34 0.29 6.39 1.07 7.95 29.29 1.32 30.60
208
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table voe LeV 23
Economic Cost of Operation of Lev on Six Lane Divided Roads (Rs/km}
Roughness = 2000
0 5.49 0.54 0.16 0.07 0.01 0.22 0.18 5.14 0.86 6.39 19.05 1.06 20.11
5 6.14 0.56 0.17 0.07 0.01 0.22 0.18 5.19 0.87 6.45 19.86 1.07 20.93
10 6.79 0.57 0.19 0.07 0.01 0.22 0.18 5.24 0.88 6.52 20.68 1.08 21.76
15 7.45 0.59 0.21 0.07 0.01 0.22 0.18 5.29 0.88 6.58 21.50 1.09 22.59
20 8.10 0.61 0.23 0.07 0.02 0.22 0.18 5.35 0.89 6.65 22.32 1.10 23.43
25 8.76 0.64 0.25 0.07 0.02 0.22 0.18 5.40 0.90 6.72 23.16 1.11 24.27
30 9.42 0.66 0.27 0.07 0.02 0.22 0.18 5.46 0.91 6.79 23.99 1.12 25.12
35 10.08 0.69 0.28 0.07 0.02 0.22 0.18 5.51 0.92 6.86 24.84 1.14 25.97
40 10.74 0.72 0.30 0.07 0.03 0.22 0.18 5.57 0.93 6.93 25.69 1.15 26.83
45 11.40 0.75 0.32 0.07 0.03 0.22 0.18 5.63 0.94 7.00 26.54 1.16 27.70
50 12.06 0.78 0.34 0.07 0.03 0.22 0.18 5.69 0.95 7.08 27.41 1.17 28.58
Table voe Lev 24

Economic Cost of Operation of Lev on Six Lane Divided Roads (Rs/km}
Roughness = 3000
0 5.23 0.55 0.16 0.09 0.01 0.25 0.21 5.34 0.89 6.64 19.36 1.10 20.46
5 5.89 0.57 0.18 0.09 0.01 0.25 0.21 5.39 0.90 6.70 20.18 1.11 21.29
10 6.55 0.58 0.20 0.09 0.01 0.25 0.21 5.45 0.91 6.77 21.01 1.12 22.14
15 7.20 0.61 0.21 0.09 0.01 0.25 0.21 5.50 0.92 6.84 21.85 1.13 22.99
20 7.87 0.63 0.23 0.09 0.02 0.25 0.21 5.56 0.93 6.91 22.69 1.15 23.84
25 8.53 0.65 0.25 0.09 0.02 0.25 0.21 5.62 0.94 6.99 23.54 1.16 24.70
30 9.19 0.68 0.27 0.09 0.02 0.25 0.21 5.68 0.95 7.06 24.40 1.17 25.57
35 9.85 0.70 0.29 0.09 0.02 0.25 0.21 5.74 0.96 7.14 25.26 1.18 26.44
40 10.52 0.73 0.31 0.09 0.03 0.25 0.21 5.80 0.97 7.22 26.13 1.20 27.32
45 11.19 0.77 0.32 0.09 0.03 0.25 0.21 5.87 0.98 7.30 27.00 1.21 28.21
50 11.86 0.80 0.34 0.09 0.03 0.25 0.21 5.93 0.99 7.38 27.89 1.22 29.11
209
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC LCV 25
Economic Cost of Operation of LCV on Six Lane Divided Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 4000
0 4.99 0.56 0.16 0.11 0.01 0.29 0.24 5.55 0.93 6.90 19.73 1.14 20.87
5 5.65 0.58 0.18 0.11 0.01 0.29 0.24 5.61 0.94 6.97 20.57 1.16 21 .73
10 6.32 0.60 0.20 0.11 0.01 0.29 0.24 5.67 0.95 7.05 21.42 1.17 22.59
15 6.98 0.62 0.22 0.11 0.01 0.29 0.24 5.73 0.96 7.12 22.28 1.18 23.46
20 7.65 0.64 0.23 0.11 0.02 0.29 0.24 5.79 0.97 7.20 23.14 1.19 24.33
25 8.31 0.66 0.25 0.11 0.02 0.29 0.24 5.86 0.98 7.28 24.00 1.21 25.21
30 8.98 0.69 0.27 0.11 0.02 0.29 0.24 5.92 0.99 7.36 24.88 1.22 26.10
35 9.65 0.72 0.29 0.11 0.02 0.29 0.24 5.99 1.00 7.45 25.76 1.23 26.99
40 10.32 0.75 0.31 0.11 0.03 0.29 0.24 6.06 1.01 7.53 26.64 1.25 27 .89
45 11.00 0.79 0.33 0.11 0.03 0.29 0.24 6.13 1.02 7.62 27.54 1.26 28.80
50 11.67 0.82 0.34 0.11 0.03 0.29 0.24 6.20 1.04 7.71 28.45 1.28 29.72
Table VOC LCV 26

Economic Cost of Operation of LCV on Four Lane Divided Expressways (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 5.27 0.69 0.16 0.07 0.01 0.25 0.22 5.27 0.88 6.56 19.39 1.09 20.47
5 5.93 0.72 0.18 0.07 0.01 0.25 0.22 5.33 0.89 6.62 20.22 1.10 21.32
10 6.59 0.75 0.20 0.07 0.01 0.25 0.22 5.38 0.90 6.69 21 .06 1.11 22.17
15 7.24 0.79 0.21 0.07 0.01 0.25 0.22 5.44 0.91 6.76 21.90 1.12 23.02
20 7.90 0.82 0.23 0.07 0.02 0.25 0.22 5.49 0.92 6.83 22 .76 1.13 23.89
25 8.56 0.86 0.25 0.07 0.02 0.25 0.22 5.55 0.93 6.90 23.62 1.14 24.76
30 9.22 0.91 0.27 0.07 0.02 0.25 0.22 5.61 0.94 6.97 24.49 1.16 25.64
35 9.89 0.96 0.29 0.07 0.02 0.25 0.22 5.67 0.95 7.05 25.37 1.17 26.53
40 10.55 1.02 0.31 0.07 0.03 0.25 0.22 5.73 0.96 7.13 26.26 1.18 27.44
45 11.22 1.08 0.32 0.07 0.03 0.25 0.22 5.79 0.97 7.20 27.16 1.19 28.35
50 11 .88 1.15 0.34 0.07 0.03 0.25 0.22 5.86 0.98 7.28 28.07 1.21 29.28
210
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC LCV 27
Roughness = 3000
0 5.03 0.71 0.16 0.09 0.01 0.29 0.25 5.48 0.92 6.82 19.75 1.13 20.88
5 5.69 0.74 0.18 0.09 0.01 0.29 0.25 5.54 0.93 6.89 20.60 1.14 21 .74
10 6.35 0.77 0.20 0.09 0.01 0.29 0.25 5.60 0.93 6.96 21.46 1.15 22.61
15 7.01 0.81 0.22 0.09 0.01 0.29 0.25 5.66 0.94 7.03 22.32 1.17 23.49
20 7.68 0.85 0.24 0.09 0.02 0.29 0.25 5.72 0.96 7.11 23.19 1.18 24.37
25 8.34 0.89 0.25 0.09 0.02 0.29 0.25 5.78 0.97 7.19 24.07 1.19 25.26
30 9.01 0.94 0.27 0.09 0.02 0.29 0.25 5.84 0.98 7.27 24.96 1.20 26.16
35 9.68 0.99 0.29 0.09 0.02 0.29 0.25 5.91 0.99 7.35 25.86 1.22 27.08
40 10.35 1.05 0.31 0.09 0.03 0.29 0.25 5.98 1.00 7.43 26.77 1.23 28.00
45 11 .02 1.12 0.33 0.09 0.03 0.29 0.25 6.04 1.01 7.52 27.69 1.25 28.94
50 11.69 1.19 0.35 0.09 0.03 0.29 0.25 6.11 1.02 7.60 28.63 1.26 29.89
Table VOC LCV 28

Roughness = 4000
0 4.80 0.72 0.17 0.11 0.01 0.34 0.29 5.71 0.95 7.10 20.19 1.18 21 .36
5 5.47 0.75 0.18 0.11 0.01 0.34 0.29 5.77 0.96 7.17 21 .05 1.19 22 .24
10 6.14 0.79 0.20 0.11 0.01 0.34 0.29 5.83 0.97 7.25 21 .93 1.20 23.13
15 6.80 0.83 0.22 0.11 0.01 0.34 0.29 5.90 0.98 7.33 22 .81 1.21 24.03
20 7.47 0.87 0.24 0.11 0.02 0.34 0.29 5.96 1.00 7.41 23 .70 1.23 24.93
25 8.14 0.91 0.26 0.11 0.02 0.34 0.29 6.03 1.01 7.50 24.60 1.24 25.85
30 8.82 0.97 0.28 0.11 0.02 0.34 0.29 6.10 1.02 7.59 25.52 1.26 26.77
35 9.49 1.02 0.29 0.11 0.02 0.34 0.29 6.17 1.03 7.67 26.44 1.27 27.71
40 10.16 1.09 0.31 0.11 0.03 0.34 0.29 6.24 1.04 7.76 27.37 1.29 28 .66
45 10.84 1.16 0.33 0.11 0.03 0.34 0.29 6.32 1.06 7.86 28 .32 1.30 29.62
50 11.52 1.24 0.35 0.11 0.03 0.34 0.29 6.39 1.07 7.95 29.29 1.32 30 .60
211
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC LCV 29
Economic Cost of Operation of LCV on Six Lane Divided Expressways (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 5.49 0.54 0.16 0.07 0.01 0.22 0.18 5.14 0.86 6.39 19.05 1.06 20.11
5 6.14 0.56 0.17 0.07 0.01 0.22 0.18 5.19 0.87 6.45 19.86 1.07 20.93
10 6.79 0.57 0.19 0.07 0.01 0.22 0.18 5.24 0.88 6.52 20.68 1.08 21.76
15 7.45 0.59 0.21 0.07 0.01 0.22 0.18 5.29 0.88 6.58 21.50 1.09 22.59
20 8.10 0.61 0.23 0.07 0.02 0.22 0.18 5.35 0.89 6.65 22.32 1.10 23.43
25 8.76 0.64 0.25 0.07 0.02 0.22 0.18 5.40 0.90 6.72 23.16 1.11 24.27
30 9.42 0.66 0.27 0.07 0.02 0.22 0.18 5.46 0.91 6.79 23.99 1.12 25.12
35 10.08 0.69 0.28 0.07 0.02 0.22 0.18 5.51 0.92 6.86 24.84 1.14 25.97
40 10.74 0.72 0.30 0.07 0.03 0.22 0.18 5.57 0.93 6.93 25.69 1.15 26.83
45 11.40 0.75 0.32 0.07 0.03 0.22 0.18 5.63 0.94 7.00 26.54 1.16 27.70
50 12.06 0.78 0.34 0.07 0.03 0.22 0.18 5.69 0.95 7.08 27.41 1.17 28.58
Table VOC LCV 30

Roughness = 3000
0 5.23 0.55 0.1 6 0.09 0.01 0.25 0.21 5.34 0.89 6.64 19.36 1.10 20.46
5 5.89 0.57 0.18 0.09 0.01 0.25 0.21 5.39 0.90 6.70 20.18 1.11 21.29
10 6.55 0.58 0.20 0.09 0.01 0.25 0.21 5.45 0.91 6.77 21 .01 1.12 22.14
15 7.20 0.61 0.21 0.09 0.01 0.25 0.21 5.50 0.92 6.84 21.85 1.13 22.99
20 7.86 0.63 0.23 0.09 0.02 0.25 0.21 5.56 0.93 6.91 22.69 1.15 23.84
25 8.53 0.65 0.25 0.09 0.02 0.25 0.21 5.62 0.94 6.99 23.54 1.16 24.70
30 9.19 0.68 0.27 0.09 0.02 0.25 0.21 5.68 0.95 7.06 24.40 1.17 25.57
35 9.85 0.70 0.29 0.09 0.02 0.25 0.21 5.74 0.96 7.14 25.26 1.18 26.44
40 10.52 0.73 0.31 0.09 0.03 0.25 0.21 5.80 0.97 7.22 26.13 1.20 27.32
45 11.19 0.77 0.32 0.09 0.03 0.25 0.21 5.87 0.98 7.30 27.00 1.21 28.21
50 11.86 0.80 0.34 0.09 0.03 0.25 0.21 5.93 0.99 7.38 27.89 1.22 29.11
212
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC LCV 31
Roughness= 4000
0 4.99 0.56 0.16 0.11 0.01 0.29 0.24 5.55 0.93 6.90 19.73 1.14 20.87
5 5.65 0.58 0.18 0.11 0.01 0.29 0.24 5.61 0.94 6.97 20.57 1.16 21.73
10 6.32 0.60 0.20 0.11 0.01 0.29 0.24 5.67 0.95 7.05 21.42 1.17 22.59
15 6.98 0.62 0.22 0.11 0.01 0.29 0.24 5.73 0.96 7.12 22.28 1.18 23.46
20 7.65 0.64 0.23 0.11 0.02 0.29 0.24 5.79 0.97 7.20 23.14 1.19 24.33
25 8.31 0.66 0.25 0.11 0.02 0.29 0.24 5.86 0.98 7.28 24 .00 1.21 25.21
30 8.98 0.69 0.27 0.11 0.02 0.29 0.24 5.92 0.99 7.36 24.88 1.22 26.10
35 9.65 0.72 0.29 0.11 0.02 0.29 0.24 5.99 1.00 7.45 25.76 1.23 26.99
40 10.32 0.75 0.31 0.11 0.03 0.29 0.24 6.06 1.01 7.53 26.64 1.25 27.89
45 10.99 0.79 0.33 0.11 0.03 0.29 0.24 6.13 1.02 7.62 27.54 1.26 28.80
50 11.67 0.82 0.34 0.11 0.03 0.29 0.24 6.20 1.04 7.71 28.45 1.28 29.72
Table VOC LCV 32

Economic Cost of Operation of LCV on Eight Lane Divided Urban Expressways (Rs/km)
Roughness= 2000
0 5.71 0.44 0.16 0.07 0.01 0.20 0.17 5.01 0.84 6.23 18.83 1.03 19.86
5 6.36 0.45 0.17 0.07 0.01 0.20 0.17 5.06 0.85 6.29 19.63 1.04 20.67
10 7.01 0.46 0.19 0.07 0.01 0.20 0.17 5.11 0.85 6.35 20.43 1.05 21.48
15 7.66 0.48 0.21 0.07 0.01 0.20 0.17 5.16 0.86 6.41 21.23 1.06 22.30
20 8.31 0.49 0.23 0.07 0.02 0.20 0.17 5.21 0.87 6.48 22.04 1.07 23 .12
25 8.96 0.51 0.25 0.07 0.02 0.20 0.17 5.26 0.88 6.54 22.86 1.08 23.94
30 9.62 0.52 0.27 0.07 0.02 0.20 0.17 5.31 0.89 6.61 23.67 1.09 24.77
35 10.28 0.54 0.28 0.07 0.02 0.20 0.17 5.37 0.90 6.67 24.50 1.11 25.60
40 10.93 0.55 0.30 0.07 0.03 0.20 0.17 5.42 0.91 6.74 25.33 1.12 26.44
45 11.59 0.57 0.32 0.07 0.03 0.20 0.17 5.48 0.92 6.81 26.16 1.13 27.29
50 12.25 0.59 0.34 0.07 0.03 0.20 0.17 5.54 0.92 6.88 27.00 1.14 28.14
213
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC LCV 33
Roughness = 3000
0 5.44 0.45 0.16 0.09 0.01 0.23 0.20 5.20 0.87 6.47 19.10 1.07 20.17
5 6.09 0.46 0.18 0.09 0.01 0.23 0.20 5.25 0.88 6.53 19.91 1.08 20.99
10 6.75 0.47 0.19 0.09 0.01 0.23 0.20 5.30 0.89 6.59 20.72 1.09 21.81
15 7.40 0.48 0.21 0.09 0.01 0.23 0.20 5.36 0.89 6.66 21.54 1.10 22.64
20 8.06 0.50 0.23 0.09 0.02 0.23 0.20 5.41 0.90 6.73 22.36 1.11 23.48
25 8.72 0.51 0.25 0.09 0.02 0.23 0.20 5.47 0.91 6.80 23.19 1.13 24.32
30 9.38 0.53 0.27 0.09 0.02 0.23 0.20 5.52 0.92 6.87 24 .03 1.14 25.16
35 10.04 0.55 0.29 0.09 0.02 0.23 0.20 5.58 0.93 6.94 24.86 1.15 26.01
40 10.70 0.56 0.30 0.09 0.03 0.23 0.20 5.64 0.94 7.02 25.71 1.16 26.87
45 11.37 0.58 0.32 0.09 0.03 0.23 0.20 5.70 0.95 7.09 26.56 1.17 27.73
50 12.03 0.60 0.34 0.09 0.03 0.23 0.20 5.77 0.96 7.17 27.41 1.19 28 .60
Table VOC LCV 34

Roughness= 4000
0 5.19 0.45 0.16 0.11 0.01 0.26 0.23 5.40 0.90 6.72 19.42 1.11 20.53
5 5.85 0.47 0.18 0.11 0.01 0.26 0.23 5.46 0.91 6.79 20.25 1.12 21.37
10 6.51 0.48 0.20 0.11 0.01 0.26 0.23 5.51 0.92 6.86 21.08 1.14 22.21
15 7.17 0.49 0.21 0.11 0.01 0.26 0.23 5.57 0.93 6.93 21.91 1.15 23.06
20 7.83 0.51 0.23 0.11 0.02 0.26 0.23 5.63 0.94 7.00 22.75 1.16 23.91
25 8.49 0.52 0.25 0.11 0.02 0.26 0.23 5.69 0.95 7.08 23.60 1.17 24.77
30 9.16 0.54 0.27 0.11 0.02 0.26 0.23 5.75 0.96 7.15 24.45 1.19 25.63
35 9.82 0.56 0.29 0.11 0.02 0.26 0.23 5.82 0.97 7.23 25.30 1.20 26.50
40 10.49 0.57 0.31 0.11 0.03 0.26 0.23 5.88 0.98 7.31 26.17 1.21 27.38
45 11.16 0.59 0.32 0.11 0.03 0.26 0.23 5.95 0.99 7.39 27.03 1.23 28.26
50 11.83 0.61 0.34 0.11 0.03 0.26 0.23 6.01 1.00 7.48 27.91 1.24 29.15
214
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC LCV 35
Financial Cost of Operation of LCV on Single Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 9.03 1.54 0.34 0.14 0.01 0.70 0.60 7.85 1.64 8.52 30.38 0.61 30.99
5 10.49 1.63 0.37 0.14 0.02 0.70 0.60 8.14 1.70 8.83 32.62 0.63 33 .26
10 11.97 1.73 0.41 0.14 0.03 0.70 0.60 8.45 1.77 9.16 34.96 0.66 35.62
15 13.49 1.84 0.45 0.14 0.03 0.70 0.60 8.78 1.84 9.52 37.39 0.68 38.08
20 15.04 1.97 0.49 0.14 0.04 0.70 0.60 9.14 1.91 9.91 39.94 0.71 40.66
25 16.63 2.12 0.52 0.14 0.04 0.70 0.60 9.53 1.99 10.34 42.62 0.74 43.36
30 18.26 2.29 0.56 0.14 0.05 0.70 0.60 9.96 2.08 10.80 45.43 0.78 46.21
35 19.93 2.49 0.60 0.14 0.05 0.70 0.60 10.42 2.18 11 .31 48.42 0.81 49.23
40 21 .65 2.72 0.64 0.14 0.06 0.70 0.60 10.93 2.29 11.86 51.59 0.85 52.44
45 23.42 3.01 0.67 0.14 0.06 0.70 0.60 11 .50 2.40 12.47 54.99 0.90 55.89
50 25.26 3.37 0.71 0.14 0.07 0.70 0.60 12.12 2.54 13.15 58.67 0.95 59 .62
Table VOC LCV 36

Roughness = 3000
0 9.03 1.59 0.35 0.18 0.01 0.81 0.69 7.96 1.67 8.64 30.93 0.62 31.55
5 10.50 1.68 0.39 0.18 0.02 0.81 0.69 8.26 1.73 8.96 33.21 0.64 33.85
10 12.00 1.79 0.42 0.18 0.03 0.81 0.69 8.57 1.79 9.30 35.58 0.67 36.25
15 13.53 1.91 0.46 0.18 0.03 0.81 0.69 8.92 1.87 9.67 38.06 0.70 38 .76
20 15.09 2.05 0.50 0.18 0.04 0.81 0.69 9.29 1.94 10.08 40.66 0.72 41 .39
25 16.69 2.21 0.54 0.18 0.04 0.81 0.69 9.69 2.03 10.52 43.39 0.76 44 .15
30 18.34 2.39 0.57 0.18 0.05 0.81 0.69 10.14 2.12 11.00 46.28 0.79 47.07
35 20.03 2.61 0.61 0.18 0.05 0.81 0.69 10.62 2.22 11.52 49 .34 0.83 50 .17
40 21.77 2.88 0.65 0.18 0.06 0.81 0.69 11.15 2.33 12.10 52.61 0.87 53.48
45 23.57 3.20 0.69 0.18 0.06 0.81 0.69 11.74 2.46 12.74 56.12 0.92 57.04
50 25.44 3.60 0.72 0.18 0.07 0.81 0.69 12.39 2.59 13.44 59 .94 0.97 60.91
215
IRC :SP:30-2019
Table VOC LCV 37
Roughness = 4000
0 9.03 1.64 0.36 0.21 0.01 0.93 0.80 8.07 1.69 8.76 31.52 0.63 32.15
5 10.5 1 1.74 0.40 0.21 0.02 0.93 0.80 8.38 1.75 9.09 33.84 0.65 34.49
10 12.02 1.85 0.44 0.21 0.03 0.93 0.80 8.71 1.82 9.45 36.26 0.68 36.93
15 13.57 1.98 0.48 0.21 0.03 0.93 0.80 9.06 1.90 9.83 38 .78 0.71 39.49
20 15. 15 2.13 0.51 0.21 0.04 0.93 0.80 9.45 1.98 10.25 41.44 0.74 42.17
25 16.76 2.31 0.55 0.21 0.04 0.93 0.80 9.86 2.06 10.70 44.23 0.77 45.00
30 18.43 2.51 0.59 0.21 0.05 0.93 0.80 10.32 2.16 11.20 47.19 0.81 47.99
35 20.1 3 2.75 0.63 0.21 0.05 0.93 0.80 10.82 2.26 11 .74 50.33 0.84 51.18
40 21.90 3.05 0.66 0.21 0.06 0.93 0.80 11 .38 2.38 12.34 53.70 0.89 54.59
45 23.72 3.41 0.70 0.21 0.06 0.93 0.80 11 .99 2.51 13.01 57.34 0.94 58.28
50 25.63 3.87 0.74 0.21 0.07 0.93 0.80 12.67 2.65 13.75 61 .31 0.99 62.30
Table voe LCV 38

Roughness = 5000
RF Fuel Tyre Eng ine Other Grease Spare Mainte- Fixed Depre- Crew Total Commodity Grand
0 9.04 1.69 0.38 0.25 0.01 1.07 0.92 8.19 1.71 8.89 32 .16 0.64 32.80
5 10.53 1.80 0.41 0.25 0.02 1.07 0.92 8.51 1.78 9.23 34.52 0.66 35.18
10 12.06 1.92 0.45 0.25 0.03 1.07 0.92 8.84 1.85 9.59 36.98 0.69 37.67
15 13.61 2.06 0.49 0.25 0.03 1.07 0.92 9.21 1.93 9.99 39 .56 0.72 40.28
20 15.21 2.22 0.53 0.25 0.04 1.07 0.92 9.61 2.01 10.42 42 .27 0.75 43.02
25 16.84 2.41 0.56 0.25 0.04 1.07 0.92 10.04 2.10 10.89 45.13 0.78 45.91
30 18.52 2.64 0.60 0.25 0.05 1.07 0.92 10.51 2.20 11.41 48.17 0.82 48 .99
35 20.25 2.91 0.64 0.25 0.05 1.07 0.92 11.04 2.31 11.97 51.40 0.86 52.26
40 22 .04 3.24 0.68 0.25 0.06 1.07 0.92 11.61 2.43 12.60 54.88 0.91 55.79
45 23.89 3.65 0.71 0.25 0.06 1.07 0.92 12.25 2.56 13.29 58.66 0.96 59.62
50 25 .83 4.19 0.75 0.25 0.07 1.07 0.92 12.96 2.71 14.06 62.81 1.01 63.82
216
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC LCV 39
Roughness = 6000
0 9.05 1.75 0.39 0.28 0.01 1.23 1.06 8.31 1.74 9.02 32.86 0.65 33.51
5 10.56 1.87 0.43 0.28 0.02 1.23 1.06 8.64 1.81 9.37 35 .26 0.67 35.93
10 12.09 2.00 0.46 0.28 0.03 1.23 1.06 8.98 1.88 9.75 37.77 0.70 38.47
15 13.67 2.15 0.50 0.28 0.03 1.23 1.06 9.36 1.96 10.16 40.40 0.73 41 .13
20 15.28 2.32 0.54 0.28 0.04 1.23 1.06 9.77 2.04 10.60 43.17 0.76 43.93
25 16.93 2.53 0.58 0.28 0.04 1.23 1.06 10.22 2.14 11.09 46.10 0.80 46 .90
30 18.63 2.78 0.61 0.28 0.05 1.23 1.06 10.71 2.24 11.62 49.22 0.84 50.06
35 20.38 3.08 0.65 0.28 0.05 1.23 1.06 11 .26 2.35 12.21 52.56 0.88 53.44
40 22.19 3.45 0.69 0.28 0.06 1.23 1.06 11.86 2.48 12.86 56.16 0.92 57.09
45 24.07 3.93 0.73 0.28 0.06 1.23 1.06 12.52 2.62 13.59 60.10 0.98 61.07
50 26 .04 4.56 0.76 0.28 0.07 1.23 1.06 13.27 2.78 14.40 64.45 1.04 65.49
Table VOC LCV 40

Roughness = 7000
0 9.07 1.81 0.40 0.32 0.01 1.42 1.22 8.44 1.76 9.15 33 .62 0.66 34.28
5 10.59 1.94 0.44 0.32 0.02 1.42 1.22 8.77 1.83 9.52 36.06 0.68 36.75
10 12.14 2.08 0.48 0.32 0.03 1.42 1.22 9.13 1.91 9.91 38.62 0.71 39.34
15 13.72 2.24 0.52 0.32 0.03 1.42 1.22 9.52 1.99 10.33 41.31 0.74 42.05
20 15.35 2.43 0.55 0.32 0.04 1.42 1.22 9.95 2.08 10.79 44.15 0.78 44.92
25 17.02 2.66 0.59 0.32 0.04 1.42 1.22 10.41 2.18 11.30 47.16 0.81 47.97
30 18.74 2.94 0.63 0.32 0.05 1.42 1.22 10.92 2.28 11.85 50.36 0.85 51.22
35 20 .51 3.28 0.67 0.32 0.05 1.42 1.22 11.49 2.40 12.46 53.81 0.90 54.71
40 22.35 3.70 0.70 0.32 0.06 1.42 1.22 12.11 2.53 13.14 57.55 0.94 58.50
45 24.27 4.26 0.74 0.32 0.06 1.42 1.22 12.81 2.68 13.89 61.67 1.00 62.66
50 26.28 5.00 0.78 0.32 0.07 1.42 1.22 13.59 2.84 14.74 66.26 1.06 67.32
217
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC LCV 41
Financial Cost of Operation of LCV on Single Lane Roads (Rs/km}
Roughness = 8000
0 9.09 1.88 0.42 0.36 0.01 1.63 1.40 8.57 1.79 9.29 34.45 0.67 35.12
5 10.62 2.01 0.45 0.36 0.02 1.63 1.40 8.91 1.86 9.67 36.94 0.70 37.64
10 12.19 2.17 0.49 0.36 0.03 1.63 1.40 9.28 1.94 10.07 39.55 0.72 40.28
15 13.79 2.35 0.53 0.36 0.03 1.63 1.40 9.68 2.03 10.51 42.30 0.76 43.06
20 15.43 2.56 0.57 0.36 0.04 1.63 1.40 10.13 2.12 10.99 45.21 0.79 46.00
25 17.12 2.81 0.60 0.36 0.04 1.63 1.40 10.61 2.22 11.51 48.30 0.83 49.13
30 18.86 3.12 0.64 0.36 0.05 1.63 1.40 11.14 2.33 12.08 51.61 0.87 52.48
35 20.66 3.50 0.68 0.36 0.05 1.63 1.40 11.73 2.45 12.72 55.18 0.91 56.09
40 22.53 3.99 0.72 0.36 0.06 1.63 1.40 12.38 2.59 13.43 59.08 0.97 60.04
45 24.48 4.64 0.75 0.36 0.06 1.63 1.40 13.11 2.74 14.22 63.39 1.02 64.41
50 26.53 5.54 0.79 0.36 0.07 1.63 1.40 13.93 2.91 15.11 68.27 1.09 69.36
Table VOC LCV 42

Financial Cost of Operation of LCV on Intermediate Lane Roads (Rs/km}
Roughness = 2000
0 9.60 1.29 0.33 0.14 0.01 0.52 0.45 7.40 1.55 8.03 29.32 0.58 29.90
5 10.98 1.35 0.37 0.14 0.02 0.52 0.45 7.67 1.61 8.33 31.44 0.60 32.04
10 12.40 1.42 0.40 0.14 0.03 0.52 0.45 7.97 1.67 8.65 33.64 0.62 34.27
15 13.85 1.50 0.44 0.14 0.03 0.52 0.45 8.29 1.73 8.99 35.94 0.65 36.59
20 15.33 1.58 0.48 0.14 0.04 0.52 0.45 8.64 1.81 9.37 38.35 0.67 39.02
25 16.85 1.67 0.52 0.14 0.04 0.52 0.45 9.01 1.89 9.78 40.87 0.70 41.57
30 18.41 1.78 0.55 0.14 0.05 0.52 0.45 9.42 1.97 10.22 43.52 0.74 44.26
35 20.02 1.90 0.59 0.14 0.05 0.52 0.45 9.87 2.07 10.71 46.32 0.77 47.09
40 21.68 2.03 0.63 0.14 0.06 0.52 0.45 10.37 2.17 11.25 49.29 0.81 50.10
45 23.39 2.1 9 0.67 0.14 0.06 0.52 0.45 10.92 2.28 11.84 52.46 0.85 53.31
50 25.17 2.37 0.70 0.14 0.07 0.52 0.45 11.52 2.41 12.50 55.86 0.90 56 .76
218
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC LCV 43
Financial Cost of Operation of LCV on Intermediate Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 3000
0 9.57 1.33 0.34 0.18 0.01 0.60 0.52 7.51 1.57 8.14 29.76 0.59 30 .35
5 10.97 1.39 0.37 0.18 0.02 0.60 0.52 7.79 1.63 8.45 31.91 0.61 32.52
10 12.39 1.46 0.41 0.18 0.03 0.60 0.52 8.09 1.69 8.78 34.15 0.63 34.79
15 13.85 1.54 0.45 0.18 0.03 0.60 0.52 8.42 1.76 9.14 36.50 0.66 37.15
20 15.35 1.63 0.49 0.18 0.04 0.60 0.52 8.78 1.84 9.53 38.95 0.69 39.63
25 16.89 1.73 0.52 0.18 0.04 0.60 0.52 9.17 1.92 9.95 41.52 0.72 42 .23
30 18.47 1.84 0.56 0.18 0.05 0.60 0.52 9.60 2.01 10.41 44.23 0.75 44.98
35 20.10 1.97 0.60 0.18 0.05 0.60 0.52 10.06 2.11 10.92 47.10 0.79 47.88
40 21.78 2.11 0.64 0.18 0.06 0.60 0.52 10.58 2.21 11.48 50.15 0.83 50.97
45 23.51 2.28 0.67 0.18 0.06 0.60 0.52 11 .15 2.33 12.10 53.41 0.87 54.28
50 25.32 2.48 0.71 0.18 0.07 0.60 0.52 11.79 2.47 12.79 56.92 0.92 57.84
Table VOC LCV 44

Roughness = 4000
0 9.54 1.36 0.35 0.21 0.01 0.69 0.59 7.62 1.59 8.26 30.24 0.59 30 .83
5 10.95 1.43 0.38 0.21 0.02 0.69 0.59 7.91 1.65 8.58 32.42 0.62 33.04
10 12.39 1.51 0.42 0.21 0.03 0.69 0.59 8.22 1.72 8.92 34.70 0.64 35.35
15 13.87 1.59 0.46 0.21 0.03 0.69 0.59 8.56 1.79 9.29 37 .09 0.67 37.76
20 15.38 1.68 0.50 0.21 0.04 0.69 0.59 8.93 1.87 9.69 39.59 0.70 40.28
25 16.94 1.79 0.53 0.21 0.04 0.69 0.59 9.34 1.95 10.13 42 .22 0.73 42 .94
30 18.53 1.91 0.57 0.21 0.05 0.69 0.59 9.78 2.05 10.61 44.99 0.76 45.75
35 20.18 2.05 0.61 0.21 0.05 0.69 0.59 10.26 2.15 11.13 47.93 0.80 48.73
40 21 .88 2.21 0.65 0.21 0.06 0.69 0.59 10.80 2.26 11.72 51.06 0.84 51.90
45 23.65 2.39 0.68 0.21 0.06 0.69 0.59 11.39 2.38 12.36 54.42 0.89 55.31
50 25.48 2.61 0.72 0.21 0.07 0.69 0.59 12.06 2.52 13.08 58.04 0.94 58.98
219
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC LCV 45
Roughness = 5000
0 9.52 1.40 0.36 0.25 0.01 0.80 0.68 7.73 1.62 8.39 30.75 0.60 31 .35
5 10.94 1.47 0.39 0.25 0.02 0.80 0.68 8.03 1.68 8.71 32.97 0.63 33.60
10 12.40 1.55 0.43 0.25 0.03 0.80 0.68 8.35 1.75 9.06 35.30 0.65 35.95
15 13.89 1.64 0.47 0.25 0.03 0.80 0.68 8.71 1.82 9.45 37.73 0.68 38.41
20 15.42 1.74 0.51 0.25 0.04 0.80 0.68 9.09 1.90 9.86 40.28 0.71 40.99
25 16.99 1.85 0.54 0.25 0.04 0.80 0.68 9.51 1.99 10.31 42.96 0.74 43.70
30 18.61 1.98 0.58 0.25 0.05 0.80 0.68 9.96 2.08 10.81 45.80 0.78 46.58
35 20.27 2.13 0.62 0.25 0.05 0.80 0.68 10.47 2.19 11.36 48.82 0.82 49.64
40 22.00 2.30 0.66 0.25 0.06 0.80 0.68 11.03 2.31 11.96 52.04 0.86 52.90
45 23.79 2.51 0.69 0.25 0.06 0.80 0.68 11.65 2.44 12.64 55.50 0.91 56.41
50 25.66 2.75 0.73 0.25 0.07 0.80 0.68 12.34 2.58 13.39 59.25 0.96 60.22
Table VOC LCV 46

Roughness = 6000
0 9.51 1.44 0.36 0.28 0.01 0.92 0.79 7.85 1.64 8.51 31.31 0.61 31.92
5 10.94 1.51 0.40 0.28 0.02 0.92 0.79 8.16 1.71 8.85 33.57 0.64 34.21
10 12.41 1.60 0.44 0.28 0.03 0.92 0.79 8.49 1.78 9.21 35.94 0.66 36.60
15 13.91 1.69 0.48 0.28 0.03 0.92 0.79 8.85 1.85 9.61 38.41 0.69 39.10
20 15.46 1.80 0.51 0.28 0.04 0.92 0.79 9.25 1.93 10.04 41.02 0.72 41.74
25 17.05 1.92 0.55 0.28 0.04 0.92 0.79 9.68 2.03 10.51 43.77 0.76 44.52
30 18.68 2.06 0.59 0.28 0.05 0.92 0.79 10.16 2.12 11.02 46.68 0.79 47.47
35 20.37 2.22 0.63 0.28 0.05 0.92 0.79 10.68 2.23 11.59 49.77 0.83 50.61
40 22.12 2.41 0.66 0.28 0.06 0.92 0.79 11.27 2.36 12.22 53.09 0.88 53.97
45 23.95 2.64 0.70 0.28 0.06 0.92 0.79 11.91 2.49 12.93 56.67 0.93 57.60
50 25.85 2.90 0.74 0.28 0.07 0.92 0.79 12.64 2.64 13.72 60.56 0.99 61.54
220
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table voe LCV 47
Roughness = 7000
0 9.50 1.48 0.37 0.32 0.01 1.06 0.91 7.97 1.67 8.64 31.92 0.62 32.54
5 10.94 1.56 0.41 0.32 0.02 1.06 0.91 8.29 1.73 8.99 34.22 0.65 34.87
10 12.43 1.65 0.45 0.32 0.03 1.06 0.91 8.63 1.81 9.36 36.63 0.67 37.30
15 13.95 1.75 0.49 0.32 0.03 1.06 0.91 9.01 1.88 9.77 39.16 0.70 39.86
20 15.51 1.87 0.52 0.32 0.04 1.06 0.91 9.42 1.97 10.22 41 .82 0.73 42 .55
25 17.12 2.00 0.56 0.32 0.04 1.06 0.91 9.87 2.06 10.70 44.63 0.77 45.40
30 18.77 2.15 0.60 0.32 0.05 1.06 0.91 10.36 2.17 11.24 47.62 0.81 48.42
35 20.48 2.32 0.64 0.32 0.05 1.06 0.91 10.91 2.28 11.83 50.80 0.85 51 .65
40 22.26 2.53 0.67 0.32 0.06 1.06 0.91 11 .51 2.41 12.49 54.22 0.90 55.12
45 24.12 2.78 0.71 0.32 0.06 1.06 0.91 12.19 2.55 13.23 57.92 0.95 58.87
50 26.06 3.08 0.75 0.32 0.07 1.06 0.91 12.96 2.71 14.06 61.96 1.01 62.97
Table VOC LCV 48

Roughness = 8000
Cost Cost Oil Oil . Cost Parts nance Cost ciation Cost Cost Holding Cost
0 9.49 1.52 0.38 0.36 0.01 1.22 1.04 8.09 1.69 8.78 32.58 0.63 33.21
5 10.95 1.61 0.42 0.36 0.02 1.22 1.04 8.42 1.76 9.13 34.93 0.66 35.58
10 12.45 1.70 0.46 0.36 0.03 1.22 1.04 8.78 1.84 9.52 37.38 0.68 38.07
15 13.98 1.81 0.50 0.36 0.03 1.22 1.04 9.17 1.92 9.94 39 .96 0.71 40.68
20 15.56 1.94 0.53 0.36 0.04 1.22 1.04 9.59 2.01 10.40 42 .68 0.75 43.43
25 17.19 2.08 0.57 0.36 0.04 1.22 1.04 10.06 2.10 10.91 45.56 0.78 46.35
30 18.87 2.24 0.61 0.36 0.05 1.22 1.04 10.57 2.21 11.47 48.63 0.82 49.45
35 20.61 2.43 0.64 0.36 0.05 1.22 1.04 11.14 2.33 12.09 51.91 0.87 52 .78
40 22.41 2.66 0.68 0.36 0.06 1.22 1.04 11.77 2.46 12.77 55.44 0.92 56 .36
45 24.30 2.94 0.72 0.36 0.06 1.22 1.04 12.49 2.61 13.55 59.27 0.97 60.25
50 26.28 3.27 0.76 0.36 0.07 1.22 1.04 13.29 2.78 14.42 63.48 1.04 64 .52
221
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC LCV 49
Financial Cost of Operation of LCV on Two Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 10.23 1.14 0.32 0.14 0.01 0.46 0.39 7.01 1.47 7.61 28.77 0.60 29 .38
5 11.54 1.18 0.36 0.14 0.02 0.46 0.39 7.28 1.52 7.89 30.78 0.63 31.40
10 12.88 1.23 0.40 0.14 0.03 0.46 0.39 7.56 1.58 8.20 32.87 0.65 33.52
15 14.26 1.29 0.44 0.14 0.03 0.46 0.39 7.87 1.65 8.53 35.05 0.68 35 .72
20 15.67 1.35 0.47 0.14 0.04 0.46 0.39 8.20 1.72 8.90 37.33 0.71 38 .04
25 17.13 1.42 0.51 0.14 0.04 0.46 0.39 8.56 1.79 9.29 39.73 0.74 40.47
30 18.63 1.49 0.55 0.14 0.05 0.46 0.39 8.96 1.87 9.72 42.26 0.77 43.03
35 20.17 1.58 0.59 0.14 0.05 0.46 0.39 9.40 1.97 10.19 44.93 0.81 45.74
40 21.77 1.67 0.62 0.14 0.06 0.46 0.39 9.88 2.07 10.71 47.76 0.85 48 .61
45 23.42 1.77 0.66 0.14 0.06 0.46 0.39 10.41 2 .18 11 .29 50.78 0.90 51.67
50 25.14 1.89 0.70 0.14 0.07 0.46 0.39 11 .00 2.30 11.93 54.02 0.95 54.96
Table VOC LCV 50

Roughness = 3000
0 10.17 1.1 6 0.33 0.18 0.01 0.52 0.45 7.11 1.49 7.72 29.14 0.61 29.76
5 11.49 1.21 0.37 0.18 0.02 0.52 0.45 7.39 1.54 8.01 31.18 0.64 31 .82
10 12.84 1.26 0.41 0.18 0.03 0.52 0.45 7.68 1.61 8.33 33.31 0.66 33.97
15 14.24 1.32 0.44 0.18 0.03 0.52 0.45 8.00 1.67 8.68 35.53 0.69 36.22
20 15.67 1.39 0.48 0.18 0.04 0.52 0.45 8.34 1.74 9.05 37.86 0.72 38.58
25 17.14 1.46 0.52 0.18 0.04 0.52 0.45 8.72 1.82 9.46 40.31 0.75 41.06
30 18.66 1.54 0.56 0.18 0.05 0.52 0.45 9.13 1.91 9.90 42.89 0.79 43.68
35 20.22 1.63 0.59 0.18 0.05 0.52 0.45 9.58 2.00 10.39 45.62 0.82 46.45
40 21.84 1.72 0.63 0.18 0.06 0.52 0.45 10.08 2.11 10.94 48.53 0.87 49.40
45 23.52 1.83 0.67 0.18 0.06 0.52 0.45 10.63 2.22 11.54 51 .63 0.91 52.55
50 25.27 1.96 0.71 0.18 0.07 0.52 0.45 11 .25 2.35 12.21 54.97 0.97 55.94
222
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table voe LCV 51
Roughness= 4000
0 10.11 1.19 0.34 0.21 0.01 0.60 0.52 7.22 1.51 7.83 29.55 0.62 30.17
5 11.44 1.24 0.38 0.21 0.02 0.60 0.52 7.50 1.57 8.14 31.62 0.65 32.26
10 12.82 1.30 0.41 0.21 0.03 0.60 0.52 7.80 1.63 8.47 33.78 0.67 34.45
15 14.22 1.36 0.45 0.21 0.03 0.60 0.52 8.13 1.70 8.82 36.05 0.70 36.75
20 15.67 1.43 0.49 0.21 0.04 0.60 0.52 8.49 1.78 9.21 38.43 0.73 39.16
25 17.16 1.50 0.53 0.21 0.04 0.60 0.52 8.88 1.86 9.63 40.93 0.76 41.69
30 18.70 1.58 0.56 0.21 0.05 0.60 0.52 9.30 1.95 10.09 43.57 0.80 44.37
35 20.28 1.68 0.60 0.21 0.05 0.60 0.52 9.77 2.04 10.60 46.37 0.84 47.21
40 21.92 1.78 0.64 0.21 0.06 0.60 0.52 10.29 2.15 11.17 49.35 0.89 50.24
45 23.63 1.90 0.68 0.21 0.06 0.60 0.52 10.87 2.27 11.80 52.55 0.94 53.48
50 25.41 2.04 0.71 0.21 0.07 0.60 0.52 11.52 2.41 12.50 55.99 0.99 56.98
Table VOC LCV 52

Roughness= 5000
0 10.06 1.22 0.35 0.25 0.01 0.69 0.60 7.33 1.53 7.95 29.99 0.63 30.62
5 11.41 1.27 0.38 0.25 0.02 0.69 0.60 7.62 1.59 8.26 32.10 0.66 32.75
10 12.79 1.33 0.42 0.25 0.03 0.69 0.60 7.93 1.66 8.60 34.30 0.68 34.98
15 14.22 1.39 0.46 0.25 0.03 0.69 0.60 8.27 1.73 8.97 36 .61 0.71 37.32
20 15.68 1.47 0.50 0.25 0.04 0.69 0.60 8.64 1.81 9.37 39.03 0.74 39.78
25 17.19 1.55 0.53 0.25 0.04 0.69 0.60 9.04 1.89 9.81 41.59 0.78 42.37
30 18.74 1.64 0.57 0.25 0.05 0.69 0.60 9.49 1.98 10.29 44.30 0.82 45.11
35 20.35 1.73 0.61 0.25 0.05 0.69 0.60 9.97 2.09 10.82 47.17 0.86 48.03
40 22.02 1.85 0.65 0.25 0.06 0.69 0.60 10.52 2.20 11.41 50.23 0.90 51.14
45 23.75 1.98 0.68 0.25 0.06 0.69 0.60 11.12 2.33 12.07 53.52 0.96 54.48
50 25.56 2.12 0.72 0.25 0.07 0.69 0.60 11.80 2.47 12.80 57.08 1.01 58.10
223
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC LCV 53
Roughness = 6000
0 10.01 1.25 0.35 0.28 0.01 0.80 0.69 7.44 1.56 8.07 30.47 0.64 31 .11
5 11.38 1.30 0.39 0.28 0.02 0.80 0.69 7.74 1.62 8.40 32.61 0.67 33.28
10 12.78 1.36 0.43 0.28 0.03 0.80 0.69 8.06 1.69 8.75 34.86 0.69 35.55
15 14.21 1.43 0.47 0.28 0.03 0.80 0.69 8.41 1.76 9.13 37.21 0.72 37.94
20 15.70 1.51 0.50 0.28 0.04 0.80 0.69 8.79 1.84 9.54 39.69 0.76 40.45
25 17.22 1.59 0.54 0.28 0.04 0.80 0.69 9.21 1.93 10.00 42 .31 0.79 43.10
30 18.80 1.69 0.58 0.28 0.05 0.80 0.69 9.67 2.02 10.50 45.08 0.83 45.91
35 20.43 1.80 0.62 0.28 0.05 0.80 0.69 10.18 2.13 11.05 48.02 0.88 48.90
40 22.12 1.92 0.65 0.28 0.06 0.80 0.69 10.75 2.25 11.66 51.18 0.92 52.10
45 23.88 2.05 0.69 0.28 0.06 0.80 0.69 11.38 2.38 12.35 54.57 0.98 55.55
50 25.73 2.21 0.73 0.28 0.07 0.80 0.69 12.09 2.53 13.12 58.25 1.04 59.29
Table VOC LCV 54

Financial Cost of Operation of LCV on Four Lane Divided Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
C<,st C ost Oil Oil Cost Parts nance Cost ciation Cost Cost Holding Cost
··- --·--
,i ·/
0 12.55 • I 1t 0.32 0.14 0.01 0.46 0.39 6.04 1.26 6.56 28.88 1.09 29.97
-- - - -
5 14.1'! 1.1B 0.36 0.14 0.02 0.46 0.39 6.11 1.28 6.62 30.67 1.10 31.77
-·-·---~
10 15.67 1 .23 0.40 0.14 0.03 0.46 0.39 6.17 1.29 6.69 32.47 1.11 33.58
-- ·-
15 17'.;~~i 1 .29 0.44 0.14 0.03 0.46 0.39 6.23 1.30 6.76 34.28 1.12 35.40
20 18 811 ·:.~o
'.V. 0.47 0.14 0.04 0.46 0.39 6.30 1.32 6.83 36.10 1.13 37.23
-
25 20.:3sr-:-.4~! 0.51 0.14 0.04 0.46 0.39 6.36 1.33 6.90 37.93 1.14 39.07
I
-------
30 21 .95 A9 0.55 0.14 0.05 0.46 0.39 6.43 1.34 6.97 39.78 1.16 40.93
..
35 23 .:531 . .58 0.59 0.14 0.05 0.46 0.39 6.50 1.36 7.05 41.64 1.17 42.81
-- --
40 25.'11 .f37 0.62 0.14 0.06 0.46 0.39 6.57 1.37 7.13 43.52 1.18 44.70
- -··-
45 26. 70 .77 0.66 0.14 0.06 0.46 0.39 6.64 1.39 7.20 45.41 1.19 46.61
····--
50 28. 28 j .89 0.70 0.14 0.07 0.46 0.39 6.71 1.40 7.28 47.33 1.21 48.53
~ ~ -L
224
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC LCV 55
Roughness= 3000
0 11.97 1.16 0.33 0.18 0.01 0.52 0.45 6.28 1.31 6.82 29.04 1.13 30.17
5 13.54 1.21 0.37 0.18 0.02 0.52 0.45 6.35 1.33 6.89 30.86 1.14 32.00
10 15.12 1.26 0.41 0.18 0.03 0.52 0.45 6.42 1.34 6.96 32.68 1.15 33.83
15 16.69 1.32 0.44 0.18 0.03 0.52 0.45 6.48 1.36 7.03 34.52 1.17 35.68
20 18.27 1.39 0.48 0.18 0.04 0.52 0.45 6.55 1.37 7.11 36.36 1.18 37.54
25 19.86 1.46 0.52 0.18 0.04 0.52 0.45 6.63 1.39 7.19 38.23 1.19 39.42
30 21.44 1.54 0.56 0.18 0.05 0.52 0.45 6.70 1.40 7.27 40.10 1.20 41.31
35 23 .03 1.63 0.59 0.18 0.05 0.52 0.45 6.77 1.42 7.35 41.99 1.22 43.21
40 24.63 1.72 0.63 0.18 0.06 0.52 0.45 6.85 1.43 7.43 43.90 1.23 45.14
45 26.22 1.83 0.67 0.18 0.06 0.52 0.45 6.93 1.45 7.52 45.83 1.25 47.08
50 27.82 1.96 0.71 0.18 0.07 0.52 0.45 7.01 1.47 7.60 47.79 1.26 49.05
Table VOC LCV 56

Roughness= 4000
0 11.44 1.19 0.34 0.21 0.01 0.60 0.52 6.54 1.37 7.10 29.31 1.18 30.49
5 13.02 1.24 0.38 0.21 0.02 0.60 0.52 6.61 1.38 7.17 31 .15 1.19 32.34
10 14.60 1.30 0.41 0.21 0.03 0.60 0.52 6.68 1.40 7.25 33.01 1.20 34 .21
15 16.19 1.36 0.45 0.21 0.03 0.60 0.52 6.76 1.41 7.33 34.87 1.21 36.09
20 17.79 1.43 0.49 0.21 0.04 0.60 0.52 6.83 1.43 7.41 36.75 1.23 37.98
25 19.38 1.50 0.53 0.21 0.04 0.60 0.52 6.91 1.45 7.50 38.64 1.24 39.88
30 20.98 1.58 0.56 0.21 0.05 0.60 0.52 6.99 1.46 7.59 40.55 1.26 41.81
35 22 .58 1.68 0.60 0.21 0.05 0.60 0.52 7.07 1.48 7.67 42 .48 1.27 43.75
40 24.19 1.78 0.64 0.21 0.06 0.60 0.52 7.16 1.50 7.76 44.42 1.29 45 .71
45 25.80 1.90 0.68 0.21 0.06 0.60 0.52 7.24 1.51 7.86 46.39 1.30 47.69
50 27.41 2.04 0.71 0.21 0.07 0.60 0.52 7.33 1.53 7.95 48.38 1.32 49.70
225
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table voe Lev 57
Financial Cost of Operation of Lev on Six Lane Divided Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 13.06 0.88 0.32 0.14 0.01 0.39 0.33 5.89 1.23 6.39 28.65 1.06 29.71
5 14.61 0.91 0.36 0.14 0.02 0.39 0.33 5.95 1.24 6.45 30.40 1.07 31.47
10 16.16 0.94 0.39 0.14 0.03 0.39 0.33 6.01 1.26 6.52 32.17 1.08 33.25
15 17.72 0.98 0.43 0.14 0.03 0.39 0.33 6.07 1.27 6.58 33.94 1.09 35.03
20 19.28 1.01 0.47 0.14 0.04 0.39 0.33 6.13 1.28 6.65 35.72 1.10 36.82
25 20.85 1.05 0.51 0.14 0.04 0.39 0.33 6.19 1.29 6.72 37.50 1.11 38.62
30 22.41 1.09 0.54 0.14 0.05 0.39 0.33 6.26 1.31 6.79 39.30 1.12 40.42
35 23 .98 1.13 0.58 0.14 0.05 0.39 0.33 6.32 1.32 6.86 41.10 1.14 42.24
40 25.55 1.18 0.62 0.14 0.06 0.39 0.33 6.39 1.34 6.93 42.92 1.15 44 .07
45 27.13 1.23 0.66 0.14 0.06 0.39 0.33 6.45 1.35 7.00 44.74 1.16 45.90
50 28.71 1.28 0.69 0.14 0.07 0.39 0.33 6.52 1.36 7.08 46.58 1.17 47.75
Table voe Lev 58

Financial Cost of Operation of Lev on Six Lane Divided Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 3000
0 12.45 0.90 0.32 0.18 0.01 0.44 0.38 6.12 1.28 6.64 28 .72 1.10 29.82
5 14.01 0.93 0.36 0.18 0.02 0.44 0.38 6.18 1.29 6.70 30.50 1.11 31.61
10 15.58 0.96 0.40 0.18 0.03 0.44 0.38 6.24 1.31 6.77 32.28 1.12 33.41
15 17.15 0.99 0.44 0.18 0.03 0.44 0.38 6.31 1.32 6.84 34.08 1.13 35.21
20 18.72 1.03 0.47 0.18 0.04 0.44 0.38 6.37 1.33 6.91 35.88 1.15 37.03
25 20.29 1.07 0.51 0.18 0.04 0.44 0.38 6.44 1.35 6.99 37.69 1.16 38.85
30 21.87 1.11 0.55 0.18 0.05 0.44 0.38 6.51 1.36 7.06 39.51 1.17 40.68
35 23.45 1.16 0.59 0.18 0.05 0.44 0.38 6.58 1.38 7.14 41.35 1.18 42.53
40 25.04 1.20 0.62 0.18 0.06 0.44 0.38 6.65 1.39 7.22 43.19 1.20 44.38
45 26.62 1.26 0.66 0.18 0.06 0.44 0.38 6.73 1.41 7.30 45.04 1.21 46.25
50 28.22 1.32 0.70 0.18 0.07 0.44 0.38 6.80 1.42 7.38 46.91 1.22 48.13
226
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC LCV 59
Financial Cost of Operation of LCV on Six Lane Divided Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 4000
0 11.88 0.92 0.33 0.21 0.01 0.51 0.44 6.36 1.33 6.90 28.89 1.14 30.04
5 13.46 0.95 0.37 0.21 0.02 0.51 0.44 6.43 1.34 6.97 30.70 1.16 31.85
10 15.03 0.98 0.40 0.21 0.03 0.51 0.44 6.50 1.36 7.05 32.51 1.17 33.67
15 16.61 1.01 0.44 0.21 0.03 0.51 0.44 6.57 1.37 7.12 34.33 1.18 35.51
20 18.20 1.05 0.48 0.21 0.04 0.51 0.44 6.64 1.39 7.20 36.16 1.19 37.35
25 19.79 1.09 0.52 0.21 0.04 0.51 0.44 6.71 1.40 7.28 37.99 1.21 39.20
30 21.38 1.13 0.55 0.21 0.05 0.51 0.44 6.79 1.42 7.36 39.84 1.22 41.06
35 22.97 1.18 0.59 0.21 0.05 0.51 0.44 6.86 1.44 7.45 41.70 1.23 42.94
40 24.57 1.23 0.63 0.21 0.06 0.51 0.44 6.94 1.45 7.53 43.57 1.25 44.82
45 26 .17 1.29 0.67 0.21 0.06 0.51 0.44 7.02 1.47 7.62 45.46 1.26 46.72
50 27.77 1.35 0.70 0.21 0.07 0.51 0.44 7.10 1.49 7.71 47.35 1.28 48.63
Table VOC LCV 60

Financial Cost of Operation of LCV on Four Lane Divided Expressways Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 12.55 1.14 0.32 0.14 0.01 0.46 0.39 6.04 1.26 6.56 28.88 1.09 29.97
5 14.11 1.18 0.36 0.14 0.02 0.46 0.39 6.11 1.28 6.62 30.67 1.10 31 .77
10 15.67 1.23 0.40 0.14 0.03 0.46 0.39 6.17 1.29 6.69 32.47 1.11 33.58
15 17.24 1.29 0.44 0.14 0.03 0.46 0.39 6.23 1.30 6.76 34.28 1.12 35.40
20 18.81 1.35 0.47 0.14 0.04 0.46 0.39 6.30 1.32 6.83 36 .10 1.13 37.23
25 20.38 1.42 0.51 0.14 0.04 0.46 0.39 6.36 1.33 6.90 37.93 1.14 39.07
30 21 .95 1.49 0.55 0.14 0.05 0.46 0.39 6.43 1.34 6.97 39.78 1.16 40.93
35 23.53 1.58 0.59 0.14 0.05 0.46 0.39 6.50 1.36 7.05 41.64 1.17 42.81
40 25.11 1.67 0.62 0.14 0.06 0.46 0.39 6.57 1.37 7.13 43.52 1.18 44 .70
45 26.70 1.77 0.66 0.14 0.06 0.46 0.39 6.64 1.39 7.20 45.41 1.19 46.61
50 28.28 1.89 0.70 0.14 0.07 0.46 0.39 6.71 1.40 7.28 47.33 1.21 48.53
227
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC LCV 61
Financial Cost of Operation of LCV on Four Lane Divided Expressways Roads (Rs/km}
Roughness = 3000
0 11.97 1.16 0.33 0.18 0.01 0.52 0.45 6.28 1.31 6.82 29.04 1.13 30.17
5 13.54 1.21 0.37 0.18 0.02 0.52 0.45 6.35 1.33 6.89 30.86 1.14 32.00
10 15.12 1.26 0.41 0.18 0.03 0.52 0.45 6.42 1.34 6.96 32.68 1.15 33.83
15 16.69 1.32 0.44 0.18 0.03 0.52 0.45 6.48 1.36 7.03 34.52 1.17 35.68
20 18.27 1.39 0.48 0.18 0.04 0.52 0.45 6.55 1.37 7.11 36.36 1.18 37.54
25 19.86 1.46 0.52 0.18 0.04 0.52 0.45 6.63 1.39 7.19 38.23 1.19 39.42
30 21.44 1.54 0.56 0.18 0.05 0.52 0.45 6.70 1.40 7.27 40.10 1.20 41.31
35 23.03 1.63 0.59 0.18 0.05 0.52 0.45 6.77 1.42 7.35 41.99 1.22 43.21
40 24.63 1.72 0.63 0.18 0.06 0.52 0.45 6.85 1.43 7.43 43.90 1.23 45.14
45 26.22 1.83 0.67 0.18 0.06 0.52 0.45 6.93 1.45 7.52 45.83 1.25 47.08
50 27.82 1.96 0.71 0.18 0.07 0.52 0.45 7.01 1.47 7.60 47.79 1.26 49.05
Table VOC LCV 62

Financial Cost of Operation of LCV on Four Lane Divided Expressways Roads (Rs/km}
Roughness = 4000
0 11.44 1.19 0.34 0.21 0.01 0.60 0.52 6.54 1.37 7.10 29.31 1.18 30.49
5 13.02 1.24 0.38 0.21 0.02 0.60 0.52 6.61 1.38 7.17 31 .15 1.19 32.34
10 14.60 1.30 0.41 0.21 0.03 0.60 0.52 6.68 1.40 7.25 33.01 1.20 34.21
15 16.19 1.36 0.45 0.21 0.03 0.60 0.52 6.76 1.41 7.33 34.87 1.21 36.09
20 17.79 1.43 0.49 0.21 0.04 0.60 0.52 6.83 1.43 7.41 36.75 1.23 37.98
25 19.38 1.50 0.53 0.21 0.04 0.60 0.52 6.91 1.45 7.50 38.64 1.24 39.88
30 20.98 1.58 0.56 0.21 0.05 0.60 0.52 6.99 1.46 7.59 40.55 1.26 41.81
35 22.58 1.68 0.60 0.21 0.05 0.60 0.52 7.07 1.48 7.67 42.48 1.27 43.75
40 24.19 1.78 0.64 0.21 0.06 0.60 0.52 7.16 1.50 7.76 44.42 1.29 45.71
45 25.80 1.90 0.68 0.21 0.06 0.60 0.52 7.24 1.51 7.86 46.39 1.30 47.69
50 27.41 2.04 0.71 0.21 0.07 0.60 0.52 7.33 1.53 7.95 48.38 1.32 49.70
228
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC LCV 63
Financial Cost of Operation of LCV on Six Lane Divided Expressways Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 13.06 0.88 0.32 0.14 0.01 0.39 0.33 5.89 1.23 6.39 28.65 1.06 29 .71
5 14.61 0.91 0.36 0.14 0.02 0.39 0.33 5.95 1.24 6.45 30.40 1.07 31.47
10 16.16 0.94 0.39 0.14 0.03 0.39 0.33 6.01 1.26 6.52 32.17 1.08 33.25
15 17.72 0.98 0.43 0.14 0.03 0.39 0.33 6.07 1.27 6.58 33.94 1.09 35.03
20 19.28 1.01 0.47 0.14 0.04 0.39 0.33 6.13 1.28 6.65 35.72 1.10 36.82
25 20 .85 1.05 0.51 0.14 0.04 0.39 0.33 6.19 1.29 6.72 37.50 1.11 38.62
30 22.41 1.09 0.54 0.14 0.05 0.39 0.33 6.26 1.31 6.79 39.30 1.12 40.42
35 23.98 1.13 0.58 0.14 0.05 0.39 0.33 6.32 1.32 6.86 41.10 1.14 42.24
40 25.55 1.18 0.62 0.14 0.06 0.39 0.33 6.39 1.34 6.93 42.92 1.15 44.07
45 27.13 1.23 0.66 0.14 0.06 0.39 0.33 6.45 1.35 7.00 44.74 1.16 45.90
50 28.71 1.28 0.69 0.14 0.07 0.39 0.33 6.52 1.36 7.08 46.58 1.17 47.75
Table VOC LCV 64

Roughness = 3000
0 12.45 0.90 0.32 0.18 0.01 0.44 0.38 6.12 1.28 6.64 28.72 1.10 29.82
5 14.01 0.93 0.36 0.18 0.02 0.44 0.38 6.18 1.29 6.70 30.50 1.11 31.61
10 15.58 0.96 0.40 0.18 0.03 0.44 0.38 6.24 1.31 6.77 32.28 1.12 33.41
15 17.15 0.99 0.44 0.18 0.03 0.44 0.38 6.31 1.32 6.84 34.08 1.13 35.21
20 18.72 1.03 0.47 0.18 0.04 0.44 0.38 6.37 1.33 6.91 35.88 1.15 37.03
25 20.29 1.07 0.51 0.18 0.04 0.44 0.38 6.44 1.35 6.99 37.69 1.16 38.85
30 21.87 1.11 0.55 0.18 0.05 0.44 0.38 6.51 1.36 7.06 39.51 1.17 40.68
35 23.45 1.16 0.59 0.18 0.05 0.44 0.38 6.58 1.38 7.14 41.35 1.18 42 .53
40 25.04 1.20 0.62 0.18 0.06 0.44 0.38 6.65 1.39 7.22 43.19 1.20 44.38
45 26.62 1.26 0.66 0.18 0.06 0.44 0.38 6.73 1.41 7.30 45.04 1.21 46 .25
50 28 .22 1.32 0.70 0.18 0.07 0.44 0.38 6.80 1.42 7.38 46.91 1.22 48.13
229
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC LCV 65
Roughness = 4000
0 11.88 0.92 0.33 0.21 0.01 0.51 0.44 6.36 1.33 6.90 28.89 1.14 30.04
5 13.46 0.95 0.37 0.21 0.02 0.51 0.44 6.43 1.34 6.97 30.70 1.16 31.85
10 15.03 0.98 0.40 0.21 0.03 0.51 0.44 6.50 1.36 7.05 32.51 1.17 33.67
15 16.61 1.01 0.44 0.21 0.03 0.51 0.44 6.57 1.37 7.12 34.33 1.18 35.51
20 18.20 1.05 0.48 0.21 0.04 0.51 0.44 6.64 1.39 7.20 36.16 1.19 37.35
25 19.79 1.09 0.52 0.21 0.04 0.51 0.44 6.71 1.40 7.28 37.99 1.21 39.20
30 21 .38 1.13 0.55 0.21 0.05 0.51 0.44 6.79 1.42 7.36 39.84 1.22 41 .06
35 22.97 1.18 0.59 0.21 0.05 0.51 0.44 6.86 1.44 7.45 41.70 1.23 42.94
40 24.57 1.23 0.63 0.21 0.06 0.51 0.44 6.94 1.45 7.53 43.57 1.25 44.82
45 26.17 1.29 0.67 0.21 0.06 0.51 0.44 7.02 1.47 7.62 45.46 1.26 46.72
50 27.77 1.35 0.70 0.21 0.07 0.51 0.44 7.10 1.49 7.71 47.35 1.28 48.63
Table VOC LCV 66

Financial Cost of Operation of LCV on Eight Lane Divided Urban Expressways Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 13.59 0.72 0.32 0.14 0.01 0.35 0.30 5.74 1.20 6.23 28.62 1.03 29.65
5 15.13 0.74 0.35 0.14 0.02 0.35 0.30 5.80 1.21 6.29 30.35 1.04 31.39
10 16.68 0.76 0.39 0.14 0.03 0.35 0.30 5.86 1.22 6.35 32.09 1.05 33.14
15 18.23 0.78 0.43 0.14 0.03 0.35 0.30 5.91 1.24 6.41 33.83 1.06 34.90
20 19.78 0.81 0.47 0.14 0.04 0.35 0.30 5.97 1.25 6.48 35.59 1.07 36.66
25 21.33 0.83 0.50 0.14 0.04 0.35 0.30 6.03 1.26 6.54 37.34 1.08 38.43
30 22.89 0.85 0.54 0.14 0.05 0.35 0.30 6.09 1.27 6.61 39.11 1.09 40.20
35 24.45 0.88 0.58 0.14 0.05 0.35 0.30 6.15 1.29 6.67 40.88 1.11 41.99
40 26.02 0.91 0.62 0.14 0.06 0.35 0.30 6.22 1.30 6.74 42.66 1.12 43.78
45 27.59 0.94 0.65 0.14 0.06 0.35 0.30 6.28 1.31 6.81 44.45 1.13 45.58
50 29.16 0.97 0.69 0.14 0.07 0.35 0.30 6.35 1.33 6.88 46.25 1.14 47.39
230
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC LCV 67
Roughness = 3000
0 12.95 0.73 0.32 0.18 0.01 0.41 0.35 5.96 1.25 6.47 28.62 1.07 29.69
5 14.50 0.75 0.36 0.18 0.02 0.41 0.35 6.02 1.26 6.53 30.37 1.08 31.46
10 16.06 0.77 0.40 0.18 0.03 0.41 0.35 6.08 1.27 6.59 32.13 1.09 33.23
15 17.62 0.80 0.43 0.18 0.03 0.41 0.35 6.14 1.28 6.66 33.90 1.10 35.00
20 19.18 0.82 0.47 0.18 0.04 0.41 0.35 6.20 1.30 6.73 35.67 1.11 36.79
25 20.75 0.84 0.51 0.18 0.04 0.41 0.35 6.27 1.31 6.80 37.46 1.13 38.58
30 22.32 0.87 0.55 0.18 0.05 0.41 0.35 6.33 1.32 6.87 39.24 1.14 40.38
35 23.89 0.90 0.58 0.18 0.05 0.41 0.35 6.40 1.34 6.94 41.04 1.15 42.19
40 25.47 0.93 0.62 0.18 0.06 0.41 0.35 6.47 1.35 7.02 42.85 1.16 44.01
45 27.05 0.96 0.66 0.18 0.06 0.41 0.35 6.54 1.37 7.09 44.66 1.17 45.83
50 28 .63 0.99 0.70 0.18 0.07 0.41 0.35 6.61 1.38 7.17 46.48 1.19 47.67
Table VOC LCV 68

Roughness = 4000
0 12.35 0.75 0.32 0.21 0.01 0.47 0.40 6.19 1.29 6.72 28.72 1.11 29.83
5 13.91 0.77 0.36 0.21 0.02 0.47 0.40 6.25 1.31 6.79 30.49 1.12 31.62
10 15.48 0.79 0.40 0.21 0.03 0.47 0.40 6.32 1.32 6.86 32.28 1.14 33.41
15 17.06 0.81 0.44 0.21 0.03 0.47 0.40 6.39 1.34 6.93 34.07 1.15 35.22
20 18.63 0.83 0.47 0.21 0.04 0.47 0.40 6.45 1.35 7.00 35.87 1.16 37.03
25 20.21 0.86 0.51 0.21 0.04 0.47 0.40 6.52 1.36 7.08 37.67 1.17 38.84
30 21.79 0.88 0.55 0.21 0.05 0.47 0.40 6.59 1.38 7.15 39.49 1.19 40.67
35 23.38 0.91 0.59 0.21 0.05 0.47 0.40 6.67 1.39 7.23 41.31 1.20 42.51
40 24.97 0.94 0.62 0.21 0.06 0.47 0.40 6.74 1.41 7.31 43.14 1.21 44.35
45 26.56 0.97 0.66 0.21 0.06 0.47 0.40 6.82 1.43 7.39 44.98 1.23 46.21
50 28.15 1.01 0.70 0.21 0.07 0.47 0.40 6.89 1.44 7.48 46.83 1.24 48.07
231
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC HCV 1
Economic Cost of Operation of HCV on Single Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 6.16 3.64 0.21 0.09 0.02 2.39 1.89 4.64 0.78 7.53 27.36 0.92 28.28
5 6.27 3.85 0.23 0.09 0.02 2.39 1.89 4.81 0.81 7.81 28.18 0.95 29.13
10 6.41 4.08 0.26 0.09 0.03 2.39 1.89 4.99 0.84 8.10 29.08 0.99 30.07
15 6.58 4.35 0.28 0.09 0.04 2.39 1.89 5.19 0.87 8.42 30.09 1.03 31.12
20 6.78 4.65 0.30 0.09 0.04 2.39 1.89 5.40 0.90 8.76 31.21 1.07 32.28
25 7.03 5.00 0.33 0.09 0.05 2.39 1.89 5.63 0.94 9.13 32.47 1.11 33.59
30 7.32 5.40 0.35 0.09 0.06 2.39 1.89 5.88 0.98 9.54 33.89 1.16 35.05
35 7.66 5.87 0.38 0.09 0.06 2.39 1.89 6.15 1.03 9.98 35.50 1.22 36.71
40 8.07 6.43 0.40 0.09 0.07 2.39 1.89 6.45 1.08 10.46 37.33 1.28 38.61
45 8.56 7.11 0.42 0.09 0.08 2.39 1.89 6.78 1.14 11.00 39.45 1.34 40.79
50 9.15 7.95 0.45 0.09 0.08 2.39 1.89 7.14 1.20 11.59 41.93 1.41 43.34
Table VOC HCV 2

Roughness = 3000
0 6.38 3.75 0.22 0.10 0.02 2.75 2.18 4.71 0.79 7.64 28.53 0.93 29.46
5 6.50 3.98 0.24 0.10 0.02 2.75 2.18 4.88 0.82 7.92 29.39 0.97 30.35
10 6.65 4.23 0.27 0.10 0.03 2.75 2.18 5.07 0.85 8.22 30.34 1.00 31.34
15 6.83 4.51 0.29 0.10 0.04 2.75 2.18 5.27 0.88 8.55 31.39 1.04 32.44
20 7.05 4.83 0.31 0.10 0.04 2.75 2.18 5.49 0.92 8.90 32.58 1.09 33.66
25 7.31 5.21 0.34 0.10 0.05 2.75 2.18 5.72 0.96 9.29 33.90 1.13 35.03
30 7.62 5.65 0.36 0.10 0.06 2.75 2.18 5.98 1.00 9.71 35.40 1.18 36.58
35 7.99 6.17 0.38 0.10 0.06 2.75 2.18 6.27 1.05 10.17 37.11 1.24 38.35
40 8.43 6.79 0.41 0.10 0.07 2.75 2.18 6.58 1.10 10.67 39.07 1.30 40.37
45 8.95 7.55 0.43 0.10 0.08 2.75 2.18 6.92 1.16 11.23 41.35 1.37 42.71
50 9.59 8.51 0.45 0.10 0.08 2.75 2.18 7.30 1.22 11 .85 44.03 1.44 45.47
232
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC HCV 3
Roughness= 4000
0 6.60 3.87 0.23 0.10 0.02 3.17 2.51 4.78 0.80 7.75 29.82 0.94 30.76
5 6.73 4.11 0.25 0.10 0.02 3.17 2.51 4.95 0.83 8.04 30.72 0.98 31 .70
10 6.89 4.38 0.28 0.10 0.03 3.17 2.51 5.15 0.86 8.35 31.71 1.02 32.73
15 7.09 4.68 0.30 0.10 0.04 3.17 2.51 5.35 0.90 8.69 32.82 1.06 33.88
20 7.32 5.03 0.32 0.10 0.04 3.17 2.51 5.58 0.93 9.05 34.07 1.10 35 .17
25 7.60 5.44 0.35 0.10 0.05 3.17 2.51 5.82 0.98 9.45 35.47 1.15 36.62
30 7.93 5.92 0.37 0.10 0.06 3.17 2.51 6.09 1.02 9.89 37.06 1.20 38.26
35 8.33 6.49 0.39 0.10 0.06 3.17 2.51 6.39 1.07 10.36 38.87 1.26 40.14
40 8.80 7.19 0.42 0.10 0.07 3.17 2.51 6.71 1.12 10.89 40.97 1.33 42.30
45 9.37 8.05 0.44 0.10 0.08 3.17 2.51 7.07 1.18 11.47 43.43 1.40 44.83
50 10.05 9.15 0.46 0.10 0.08 3.17 2.51 7.46 1.25 12.11 46.35 1.48 47.83
Table VOC HCV 4

Roughness = 5000
0 6.82 4.00 0.24 0.11 0.02 3.65 2.89 4.85 0.81 7.86 31.24 0.96 32.20
5 6.96 4.25 0.26 0.11 0.02 3.65 2.89 5.03 0.84 8.16 32.18 0.99 33.17
10 7.14 4.54 0.28 0.11 0.03 3.65 2.89 5.23 0.88 8.48 33.22 1.03 34.26
15 7.35 4.87 0.31 0.11 0.04 3.65 2.89 5.44 0.91 8.83 34.39 1.08 35.47
20 7.60 5.25 0.33 0.11 0.04 3.65 2.89 5.67 0.95 9.21 35.70 1.12 36.83
25 7.90 5.70 0.36 0.11 0.05 3.65 2.89 5.93 0.99 9.62 37.19 1.17 38.36
30 8.25 6.23 0.38 0.11 0.06 3.65 2.89 6.21 1.04 10.07 38.88 1.23 40.10
35 8.68 6.86 0.40 0.11 0.06 3.65 2.89 6.51 1.09 10.57 40.82 1.29 42.10
40 9.19 7.64 0.43 0.11 0.07 3.65 2.89 6.85 1.15 11.11 43.07 1.35 44.43
45 9.80 8.62 0.45 0.11 0.08 3.65 2.89 7.22 1.21 11 .72 45.73 1.43 47.16
50 10.54 9.89 0.47 0.11 0.08 3.65 2.89 7.64 1.28 12.39 48.93 1.51 50.44
233
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC HCV 5
Roughness = 6000
0 7.05 4.14 0.25 0.11 0.02 4.20 3.32 4.92 0.82 7.98 32.81 0.97 33.78
5 7.20 4.41 0.27 0.11 0.02 4.20 3.32 5.11 0.86 8.29 33.79 1.01 34.80
10 7.39 4.72 0.29 0.11 0.03 4.20 3.32 5.31 0.89 8.62 34.89 1.05 35.94
15 7.62 5.07 0.32 0.11 0.04 4.20 3.32 5.53 0.93 8.98 36.12 1.09 37.22
20 7.89 5.49 0.34 0.11 0.04 4.20 3.32 5.77 0.97 9.37 37.51 1.14 38.65
25 8.21 5.98 0.36 0.11 0.05 4.20 3.32 6.04 1.01 9.80 39.08 1.19 40.27
30 8.59 6.56 0.39 0.11 0.06 4.20 3.32 6.32 1.06 10.26 40.88 1.25 42.13
35 9.04 7.27 0.41 0.11 0.06 4.20 3.32 6.64 1.11 10.78 42.96 1.31 44.27
40 9.59 8.15 0.43 0.11 0.07 4.20 3.32 6.99 1.17 11.35 45.40 1.38 46.78
45 10.25 9.28 0.46 0.11 0.08 4.20 3.32 7.38 1.24 11.98 48 .30 1.46 49.76
50 11 .05 10.77 0.48 0.11 0.08 4.20 3.32 7.82 1.31 12.68 51.83 1.55 53.38
Table voe HCV 6

Roughness = 7000
0 7.28 4.28 0.26 0.12 0.02 4.84 3.83 4.99 0.84 8.10 34.55 0.99 35.53
5 7.45 4.57 0.28 0.12 0.02 4.84 3.83 5.19 0.87 8.42 35.58 1.03 36.61
10 7.65 4.91 0.30 0.12 0.03 4.84 3.83 5.40 0.90 8.76 36.74 1.07 37.80
15 7.89 5.29 0.33 0.12 0.04 4.84 3.83 5.63 0.94 9.13 38.03 1.11 39.15
20 8.18 5.75 0.35 0.12 0.04 4.84 3.83 5.88 0.98 9.54 39.50 1.16 40.66
25 8.52 6.29 0.37 0.12 0.05 4.84 3.83 6.15 1.03 9.98 41.18 1.22 42.39
30 8.93 6.94 0.40 0.12 0.06 4.84 3.83 6.45 1.08 10.46 43.10 1.28 44.37
35 9.42 7.73 0.42 0.12 0.06 4.84 3.83 6.78 1.14 11.00 45.34 1.34 46.68
40 10.01 8.74 0.44 0.12 0.07 4.84 3.83 7.14 1.20 11 .59 47.98 1.41 49.39
45 10.72 10.05 0.47 0.12 0.08 4.84 3.83 7.55 1.26 12.25 51.16 1.49 52.65
50 11 .59 11 .81 0.49 0.12 0.08 4.84 3.83 8.00 1.34 12.99 55.10 1.58 56.68
234
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC HCV 7
Roughness = 8000
0 7.51 4.44 0.26 0.12 0.02 5.57 4.41 5.07 0.85 8.22 36.48 1.00 37.48
5 7.70 4.75 0.29 0.12 0.02 5.57 4.41 5.27 0.88 8.55 37.57 1.04 38.61
10 7.91 5.11 0.31 0.12 0.03 5.57 4.41 5.49 0.92 8.90 38.79 1.09 39.87
15 8.17 5.54 0.33 0.12 0.04 5.57 4.41 5.72 0.96 9.29 40.16 1.13 41.29
20 8.48 6.03 0.36 0.12 0.04 5.57 4.41 5.98 1.00 9.71 41.72 1.18 42 .90
25 8.85 6.63 0.38 0.12 0.05 5.57 4.41 6.26 1.05 10.17 43.50 1.24 44.74
30 9.29 7.35 0.41 0.12 0.06 5.57 4.41 6.58 1.10 10.67 45.56 1.30 46.86
35 9.82 8.26 0.43 0.12 0.06 5.57 4.41 6.92 1.16 11.23 47.98 1.37 49.35
40 10.45 9.42 0.45 0.12 0.07 5.57 4.41 7.30 1.22 11.85 50.86 1.44 52.31
45 11.22 10.95 0.48 0.12 0.08 5.57 4.41 7.72 1.29 12.54 54.38 1.53 55.91
50 12.16 13.09 0.50 0.12 0.08 5.57 4.41 8.20 1.37 13.31 58.83 1.62 60.45
Table VOC HCV 8

Economic Cost of Operation of HCV on Intermediate Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness= 2000
0 5.88 3.05 0.21 0.09 0.02 1.78 1.40 4.30 0.72 6.98 24.44 0.85 25.29
5 5.95 3.20 0.23 0.09 0.02 1.78 1.40 4.46 0.75 7.24 25.13 0.88 26.02
10 6.05 3.36 0.25 0.09 0.03 1.78 1.40 4.63 0.78 7.52 25.90 0.92 26.82
15 6.18 3.53 0.28 0.09 0.04 1.78 1.40 4.82 0.81 7.82 26 .75 0.95 27.71
20 6.34 3.73 0.30 0.09 0.04 1.78 1.40 5.02 0.84 8.15 27.70 0.99 28.69
25 6.54 3.95 0.32 0.09 0.05 1.78 1.40 5.24 0.88 8.50 28.75 1.04 29.79
30 6.78 4.20 0.35 0.09 0.06 1.78 1.40 5.48 0.92 8.89 29.94 1.08 31.02
35 7.07 4.48 0.37 0.09 0.06 1.78 1.40 5.74 0.96 9.31 31.27 1.13 32.40
40 7.42 4.80 0.39 0.09 0.07 1.78 1.40 6.02 1.01 9.78 32.77 1.19 33.96
45 7.85 5.16 0.42 0.09 0.08 1.78 1.40 6.34 1.06 10.29 34.48 1.25 35 .73
50 8.37 5.60 0.44 0.09 0.08 1.78 1.40 6.69 1.12 10.86 36.44 1.32 37.76
235
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC HCV 9
Roughness = 3000
0 6 .08 3.13 0.21 0.10 0.02 2.04 1.62 4.37 0.73 7.08 25.38 0.86 26.25
5 6.16 3.28 0.23 0.10 0.02 2.04 1.62 4.53 0.76 7.35 26.11 0.90 27.00
10 6.27 3.45 0.26 0.10 0.03 2.04 1.62 4.71 0.79 7.64 26.91 0.93 27.84
15 6.41 3.64 0.28 0.10 0.04 2.04 1.62 4.90 0.82 7.95 27.80 0.97 28 .77
20 6.59 3.85 0.31 0.10 0.04 2.04 1.62 5.11 0.86 8.29 28.79 1.01 29.80
25 6.80 4.08 0.33 0.10 0.05 2.04 1.62 5.33 0.89 8.65 29.90 1.05 30.95
30 7.06 4.35 0.35 0.10 0.06 2.04 1.62 5.58 0.93 9.05 31.14 1.10 32.25
35 7.38 4.65 0.38 0.10 0.06 2.04 1.62 5.85 0.98 9.49 32.54 1.16 33.70
40 7.76 4.99 0.40 0.10 0.07 2.04 1.62 6.15 1.03 9.98 34.13 1.22 35 .35
45 8.22 5.39 0.42 0.10 0.08 2.04 1.62 6.48 1.09 10.51 35.94 1.28 37.22
50 8.77 5.86 0.45 0.10 0.08 2.04 1.62 6.85 1.15 11.11 38.03 1.35 39.38
Table VOC HCV 10

Roughness = 4000
0 6.28 3.21 0.22 0.10 0.02 2.36 1.86 4.43 0.74 7.19 26.41 0.88 27.29
5 6.38 3.38 0.24 0.10 0.02 2.36 1.86 4.60 0.77 7.46 27.17 0.91 28.08
10 6.50 3.55 0.26 0.10 0.03 2.36 1.86 4.78 0.80 7.76 28.01 0.95 28 .95
15 6.65 3.75 0.29 0.10 0.04 2.36 1.86 4.98 0.83 8.08 28.94 0.98 29.93
20 6.84 3.97 0.31 0.10 0.04 2.36 1.86 5.19 0.87 8.43 29.98 1.03 31.01
25 7.07 4.22 0.33 0.10 0.05 2.36 1.86 5.43 0.91 8.81 31.14 1.07 32.22
30 7.35 4.51 0.36 0.10 0.06 2.36 1.86 5.68 0.95 9.22 32.45 1.12 33.58
35 7.69 4.83 0.38 0.10 0.06 2.36 1.86 5.96 1.00 9.68 33.93 1.18 35.11
40 8 .10 5.21 0.41 0.10 0.07 2.36 1.86 6.27 1.05 10.18 35.61 1.24 36.85
45 8.60 5.64 0.43 0.10 0.08 2.36 1.86 6.62 1.11 10.74 37.54 1.31 38.85
50 9.20 6.16 0.45 0.10 0.08 2.36 1.86 7.00 1.17 11.37 39.76 1.38 41.15
236
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC HCV 11
Roughness = 5000
0 6.49 3.30 0.22 0.11 0.02 2.71 2.15 4.49 0.75 7.29 27.54 0.89 28.43
5 6.59 3.47 0.25 0.11 0.02 2.71 2.15 4.67 0.78 7.58 28.33 0.92 29.26
10 6.73 3.66 0.27 0.11 0.03 2.71 2.15 4.86 0.81 7.88 29.21 0.96 30.17
15 6.90 3.87 0.29 0.11 0.04 2.71 2.15 5.06 0.85 8.21 30.19 1.00 31.19
20 7.10 4.11 0.32 0.11 0.04 2.71 2.15 5.28 0.89 8.57 31.28 1.04 32 .32
25 7.35 4.38 0.34 0.11 0.05 2.71 2.15 5.53 0.93 8.97 32.50 1.09 33.59
30 7.65 4.68 0.36 0.11 0.06 2.71 2.15 5.79 0.97 9.40 33.88 1.15 35.02
35 8.02 5.03 0.39 0.11 0.06 2.71 2.15 6.08 1.02 9.87 35.44 1.20 36.64
40 8.46 5.44 0.41 0.11 0.07 2.71 2.15 6.41 1.07 10.40 37.22 1.27 38.49
45 9.00 5.92 0.43 0.11 0.08 2.71 2.15 6.77 1.13 10.98 39.27 1.34 40.61
50 9.65 6.49 0.46 0.11 0.08 2.71 2.15 7.17 1.20 11.63 41 .65 1.42 43.07
Table VOC HCV 12

Roughness= 6000
0 6.70 3.39 0.23 0.11 0.02 3.12 2.47 4.56 0.76 7.40 28.78 0.90 29.68
5 6.82 3.57 0.25 0.11 0.02 3.12 2.47 4.74 0.79 7.70 29 .61 0.94 30.55
10 6.96 3.77 0.28 0.11 0.03 3.12 2.47 4.94 0.83 8.01 30.53 0.98 31 .50
15 7.14 4.00 0.30 0.11 0.04 3.12 2.47 5.15 0.86 8.35 31.55 1.02 32.57
20 7.37 4.25 0.32 0.11 0.04 3.12 2.47 5.38 0.90 8.73 32.70 1.06 33 .76
25 7.64 4.54 0.35 0.11 0.05 3.12 2.47 5.63 0.94 9.13 33.98 1.11 35.10
30 7.96 4.87 0.37 0.11 0.06 3.12 2.47 5.90 0.99 9.58 35.44 1.17 36.61
35 8.36 5.25 0.39 0.11 0.06 3.12 2.47 6.21 1.04 10.07 37.09 1.23 38 .32
40 8.83 5.69 0.42 0.11 0.07 3.12 2.47 6.54 1.10 10.62 38.98 1.29 40.28
45 9.41 6.22 0.44 0.11 0.08 3.12 2.47 6.92 1.16 11 .23 41.17 1.37 42 .54
50 10.12 6.86 0.46 0.11 0.08 3.12 2.47 7.34 1.23 11.91 43.72 1.45 45.17
237
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC HCV 13
Roughness = 7000
0 6.92 3.49 0.24 0.12 0.02 3.60 2.85 4.63 0.78 7.52 30.15 0.92 31.06
5 7.04 3.68 0.26 0.12 0.02 3.60 2.85 4.82 0.81 7.82 31.01 0.95 31.97
10 7.20 3.90 0.28 0.12 0.03 3.60 2.85 5.02 0.84 8.14 31.98 0.99 32.97
15 7.40 4.13 0.31 0.12 0.04 3.60 2.85 5.24 0.88 8.50 33.05 1.04 34.09
20 7.64 4.41 0.33 0.12 0.04 3.60 2.85 5.47 0.92 8.88 34.26 1.08 35.34
25 7.93 4.72 0.35 0.12 0.05 3.60 2.85 5.73 0.96 9.31 35.61 1.13 36.75
30 8.28 5.07 0.38 0.12 0.06 3.60 2.85 6.02 1.01 9.77 37.15 1.19 38.34
35 8.71 5.49 0.40 0.12 0.06 3.60 2.85 6.34 1.06 10.28 38.90 1.25 40.16
40 9.22 5.97 0.42 0.12 0.07 3.60 2.85 6.69 1.12 10.85 40.92 1.32 42.24
45 9.85 6.56 0.45 0.12 0.08 3.60 2.85 7.08 1.19 11.49 43.25 1.40 44.65
50 10.62 7.27 0.47 0.12 0.08 3.60 2.85 7.52 1.26 12.21 46.00 1.49 47.48
Table VOC HCV 14

Roughness = 8000
0 7.14 3.59 0.24 0.12 0.02 4.14 3.28 4.70 0.79 7.63 31.66 0.93 32.59
5 7.28 3.80 0.27 0.12 0.02 4.14 3.28 4.89 0.82 7.94 32.57 0.97 33.53
10 7.45 4.02 0.29 0.12 0.03 4.14 3.28 5.10 0.85 8.28 33.58 1.01 34.58
15 7.66 4.28 0.31 0.12 0.04 4.14 3.28 5.33 0.89 8.65 34 .70 1.05 35.76
20 7.92 4.57 0.34 0.12 0.04 4.14 3.28 5.57 0.93 9.05 35.97 1.10 37.07
25 8.24 4.91 0.36 0.12 0.05 4.14 3.28 5.84 0.98 9.48 37.40 1.16 38.56
30 8.62 5.29 0.38 0.12 0.06 4.14 3.28 6.14 1.03 9.97 39.03 1.21 40.25
35 9.07 5.75 0.41 0.12 0.06 4.14 3.28 6.47 1.08 10.50 40 .89 1.28 42.17
40 9.63 6.28 0.43 0.12 0.07 4.14 3.28 6.84 1.15 11.10 43.04 1.35 44.39
45 10.31 6.93 0.45 0.12 0.08 4.14 3.28 7.25 1.21 11.77 45.55 1.43 46.98
50 11.15 7.73 0.48 0.12 0.08 4.14 3.28 7.71 1.29 12.52 48.51 1.53 50.03
238
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC HCV 15
Economic Cost of Operation of HCV on Two Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 5.74 2.68 0.20 0.09 0.02 1.55 1.23 4.09 0.69 6.64 22.93 0.97 23.90
5 5.79 2.79 0.23 0.09 0.02 1.55 1.23 4.25 0.71 6.89 23.55 1.01 24.56
10 5.86 2.91 0.25 0.09 0.03 1.55 1.23 4.41 0.74 7.16 24.24 1.04 25.28
15 5.96 3.05 0.27 0.09 0.04 1.55 1.23 4.59 0.77 7.45 25.00 1.09 26.09
20 6.10 3.19 0.30 0.09 0.04 1.55 1.23 4.79 0.80 7.77 25.85 1.1 3 26.98
25 6.26 3.35 0.32 0.09 0.05 1.55 1.23 5.00 0.84 8.11 26.80 1.18 27.98
30 6.47 3.52 0.34 0.09 0.06 1.55 1.23 5.23 0.88 8.48 27.86 1.24 29.09
35 6.73 3.72 0.37 0.09 0.06 1.55 1.23 5.48 0.92 8.89 29.04 1.30 30.34
40 7.05 3.94 0.39 0.09 0.07 1.55 1.23 5.76 0.96 9.35 30.39 1.36 31.75
45 7.44 4.18 0.41 0.09 0.08 1.55 1.23 6.07 1.02 9.85 31.91 1.44 33.35
50 7.91 4.46 0.44 0.09 0.08 1.55 1.23 6.41 1.07 10.41 33.65 1.52 35.17
Table VOC HCV 16

Roughness = 3000
0 5.93 2.74 0.21 0.10 0.02 1.78 1.41 4.15 0.70 6.74 23.78 0.98 24.76
5 5.99 2.86 0.23 0.10 0.02 1.78 1.41 4.31 0.72 7.00 24.43 1.02 25.45
10 6.07 2.98 0.25 0.10 0.03 1.78 1.41 4.48 0.75 7.27 25.14 1.06 26.20
15 6.18 3.12 0.28 0.10 0.04 1.78 1.41 4.67 0.78 7.57 25.94 1.10 27.05
20 6.33 3.28 0.30 0.10 0.04 1.78 1.41 4.87 0.82 7.90 26.83 1.15 27.98
25 6.51 3.44 0.32 0.10 0.05 1.78 1.41 5.09 0.85 8.25 27.82 1.20 29.02
30 6.74 3.63 0.35 0.10 0.06 1.78 1.41 5.33 0.89 8.64 28.93 1.26 30.19
35 7.02 3.84 0.37 0.10 0.06 1.78 1.41 5.59 0.94 9.07 30.18 1.32 31.51
40 7.37 4.07 0.40 0.10 0.07 1.78 1.41 5.88 0.98 9.54 31.60 1.39 32 .99
45 7.78 4.33 0.42 0.10 0.08 1.78 1.41 6.20 1.04 10.06 33.21 1.47 34.67
50 8.30 4.63 0.44 0.10 0.08 1.78 1.41 6.56 1.10 10.64 35.05 1.55 36.60
239
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC HCV 17
Roughness= 4000
0 6.12 2.80 0.21 0.10 0.02 2.06 1.63 4.21 0.71 6.84 24.70 1.00 25.70
5 6.19 2.93 0.24 0.10 0.02 2.06 1.63 4.38 0.73 7.10 25.38 1.04 26.41
10 6.29 3.06 0.26 0.10 0.03 2.06 1.63 4.55 0.76 7.39 26.13 1.08 27.20
15 6.41 3.21 0.28 0.10 0.04 2.06 1.63 4.74 0.79 7.70 26.96 1.12 28.08
20 6.57 3.37 0.31 0.10 0.04 2.06 1.63 4.95 0.83 8.04 27.89 1.17 29.06
25 6.77 3.54 0.33 0.10 0.05 2.06 1.63 5.18 0.87 8.40 28.93 1.23 30.16
30 7.02 3.74 0.35 0.10 0.06 2.06 1.63 5.43 0.91 8.81 30.10 1.28 31.38
35 7.32 3.96 0.38 0.10 0.06 2.06 1.63 5.70 0.95 9.25 31.42 1.35 32.76
40 7.70 4.21 0.40 0.10 0.07 2.06 1.63 6.00 1.01 9.74 32.91 1.42 34.33
45 8.15 4.49 0.42 0.10 0.08 2.06 1.63 6.34 1.06 10.28 34.61 1.50 36.11
50 8.70 4.81 0.45 0.10 0.08 2.06 1.63 6.71 1.12 10.89 36.56 1.59 38.15
Table VOC HCV 18

Roughness = 5000
0 6.32 2.87 0.22 0.11 0.02 2.37 1.87 4.28 0.72 6.94 25.71 1.01 26.72
5 6.40 3.00 0.24 0.11 0.02 2.37 1.87 4.45 0.74 7.22 26.41 1.05 27.47
10 6.50 3.14 0.26 0.11 0.03 2.37 1.87 4.63 0.78 7.51 27.20 1.10 28.29
15 6.64 3.29 0.29 0.11 0.04 2.37 1.87 4.82 0.81 7.83 28.07 1.14 29.21
20 6.82 3.46 0.31 0.11 0.04 2.37 1.87 5.04 0.84 8.18 29.05 1.19 30.24
25 7.04 3.65 0.33 0.11 0.05 2.37 1.87 5.27 0.88 8.56 30.14 1.25 31.39
30 7.31 3.86 0.36 0.11 0.06 2.37 1.87 5.53 0.93 8.98 31 .37 1.31 32.67
- --
35 7.64 4.10 0.38 0.11 0.06 2.37 1.87 5.82 0.97 9.44 32 .75 1.38 34.13
40 8.04 4.36 0.40 0.11 0.07 2.37 1.87 6.13 1.03 9.95 34.33 1.45 35 .78
- - -
4E 8.53 4.66 0.43 0.11 0.08 2.37 1.87 6.48 1.09 10.52 36.13 1.53 37.66
-
5( 9.13 5.01 0.45 0.11 0.08 2.37 1.87 6.87 1.15 11.16 38.21 1.63 39.84
- - I
240
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table voe HCV 19
Roughness = 6000
RF Fuel Tyre Engine Other Grease Spare Mainte- Fixed Oepre- Crew Total Commodity Grand
0 6.52 2.94 0.22 0.11 0.02 2.73 2.16 4.34 0.73 7.05 26.81 1.03 27.84
5 6.61 3.07 0.25 0.11 0.02 2.73 2.16 4.52 0.76 7.33 27.55 1.07 28.62
10 6.73 3.22 0.27 0.11 0.03 2.73 2.16 4.70 0.79 7.63 28.37 1.11 29.48
15 6.88 3.38 0.29 0.11 0.04 2.73 2.16 4.91 0.82 7.96 29.29 1.16 30.45
20 7.07 3.56 0.32 0.11 0.04 2.73 2.16 5.13 0.86 8.33 30.31 1.21 31.52
25 7.31 3.76 0.34 0.11 0.05 2.73 2.16 5.37 0.90 8.72 31.45 1.27 32 .73
30 7.60 3.99 0.36 0.11 0.06 2.73 2.16 5.64 0.94 9.15 32.75 1.34 34.08
35 7.96 4.24 0.39 0.11 0.06 2.73 2.16 5.94 0.99 9.63 34.21 1.41 35 .61
40 8.39 4.52 0.41 0.11 0.07 2.73 2.16 6.27 1.05 10.17 35.87 1.48 37 .36
45 8.93 4.85 0.43 0.11 0.08 2.73 2.16 6.63 1.11 10.76 37.79 1.57 39.36
50 9.58 5.23 0.46 0.11 0.08 2.73 2.16 7.04 1.18 11.43 40.00 1.67 41.67
Table VOC HCV 20

Economic Cost of Operation of HCV on Four Lane Divided Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
RF Fuel Tyre Engine Other Grease Spare Mainte- Fixed Oepre- Crew Total Commodity Grand
0 5.54 2.68 0.20 0.09 0.02 1.55 1.23 3.33 0.56 5.40 20.59 3.90 24.49
5 5.47 2.79 0.23 0.09 0.02 1.55 1.23 3.46 0.58 5.61 21.04 4.06 25.09
10 5.44 2.91 0.25 0.09 0.03 1.55 1.23 3.60 0.60 5.84 21 .54 4.22 25.76
15 5.42 3.05 0.27 0.09 0.04 1.55 1.23 3.75 0.63 6.09 22.12 4.40 26 .52
20 5.44 3.19 0.30 0.09 0.04 1.55 1.23 3.92 0.66 6.36 22.78 4.60 27.38
25 5.49 3.35 0.32 0.09 0.05 1.55 1.23 4.10 0.69 6.66 23.52 4.81 28.34
30 5.57 3.52 0.34 0.09 0.06 1.55 1.23 4.30 0.72 6.98 24.37 5.05 29.42
35 5.70 3.72 0.37 0.09 0.06 1.55 1.23 4.53 0.76 7.34 25.34 5.31 30 .65
40 5.87 3.94 0.39 0.09 0.07 1.55 1.23 4.77 0.80 7.74 26.45 5.60 32.05
45 6.11 4.18 0.41 0.09 0.08 1.55 1.23 5.04 0.84 8.19 27.73 5.92 33 .64
50 6.41 4.46 0.44 0.09 0.08 1.55 1.23 5.35 0.90 8.68 29.20 6.28 35.47
241
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC HCV 21
Roughness = 3000
0 5.68 2.74 0.21 0.10 0.02 1.78 1.41 3.38 0.57 5.48 21.37 3.96 25 .33
5 5.63 2.86 0.23 0.10 0.02 1.78 1.41 3.51 0.59 5.70 21.84 4.12 25.96
10 5.60 2.98 0.25 0.10 0.03 1.78 1.41 3.66 0.61 5.94 22.37 4.29 26.67
15 5.60 3.12 0.28 0.10 0.04 1.78 1.41 3.82 0.64 6.20 22.98 4.48 27.46
20 5.63 3.28 0.30 0.10 0.04 1.78 1.41 3.99 0.67 6.48 23.68 4.68 28.36
25 5.69 3.44 0.32 0.10 0.05 1.78 1.41 4.18 0.70 6.78 24.47 4.90 29.37
30 5.79 3.63 0.35 0.10 0.06 1.78 1.41 4.39 0.74 7.12 25.36 5.1 5 30.51
35 5.93 3.84 0.37 0.10 0.06 1.78 1.41 4.62 0.77 7.50 26.39 5.42 31.81
40 6.13 4.07 0.40 0.10 0.07 1.78 1.41 4.88 0.82 7.91 27.57 5.72 33.28
45 6.39 4.33 0.42 0.10 0.08 1.78 1.41 5.16 0.86 8.38 28.92 6.05 34.97
50 6.73 4.63 0.44 0.10 0.08 1.78 1.41 5.48 0.92 8.90 30.48 6.43 36.91
Table VOC HCV 22

Roughness = 4000
0 5.83 2.80 0.21 0.10 0.02 2.06 1.63 3.43 0.57 5.57 22.22 4.02 26.25
5 5.79 2.93 0.24 0.10 0.02 2.06 1.63 3.57 0.60 5.79 22.72 4.19 26.91
10 5.77 3.06 0.26 0.10 0.03 2.06 1.63 3.72 0.62 6.04 23.28 4.36 27.65
15 5.78 3.21 0.28 0.10 0.04 2.06 1.63 3.88 0.65 6.30 23.93 4.56 28.48
20 5.82 3.37 0.31 0.10 0.04 2.06 1.63 4.06 0.68 6.59 24.66 4.77 29.43
25 5.90 3.54 0.33 0.10 0.05 2.06 1.63 4.26 0.71 6.91 25.49 5.00 30.49
30 6.01 3.74 0.35 0.10 0.06 2.06 1.63 4.48 0.75 7.27 26.44 5.25 31.69
35 6.18 3.96 0.38 0.10 0.06 2.06 1.63 4.72 0.79 7.66 27.53 5.53 33 .06
40 6.40 4.21 0.40 0.10 0.07 2.06 1.63 4.98 0.84 8.09 28.77 5.85 34.62
45 6.69 4.49 0.42 0.10 0.08 2.06 1.63 5.28 0.89 8.58 30.21 6.20 36.41
50 7.07 4.81 0.45 0.10 0.08 2.06 1.63 5.62 0.94 9.12 31.88 6.59 38.47
242
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC HCV 23
Economic Cost of Operation of HCV on Six Lane Divided Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 5.55 2.09 0.20 0.09 0.02 1.31 1.04 3.25 0.54 5.28 19.37 3.81 23.19
5 5.48 2.15 0.22 0.09 0.02 1.31 1.04 3.38 0.57 5.48 19.74 3.96 23.70
10 5.42 2.23 0.25 0.09 0.03 1.31 1.04 3.51 0.59 5.70 20.17 4.12 24.28
15 5.40 2.30 0.27 0.09 0.04 1.31 1.04 3.66 0.61 5.93 20.65 4.29 24.94
20 5.39 2.38 0.29 0.09 0.04 1.31 1.04 3.81 0.64 6.19 21.20 4.47 25.68
25 5.42 2.47 0.32 0.09 0.05 1.31 1.04 3.99 0.67 6.47 21.83 4.68 26.51
30 5.48 2.57 0.34 0.09 0.06 1.31 1.04 4.18 0.70 6.78 22.54 4.90 27.44
35 5.58 2.67 0.36 0.09 0.06 1.31 1.04 4.38 0.73 7.12 23.35 5.14 28.50
40 5.72 2.78 0.39 0.09 0.07 1.31 1.04 4.61 0.77 7.49 24.28 5.41 29.69
45 5.92 2.90 0.41 0.09 0.08 1.31 1.04 4.87 0.82 7.90 25.34 5.71 31.05
50 6.18 3.03 0.43 0.09 0.08 1.31 1.04 5.16 0.86 8.37 26.56 6.05 32.61
Table VOC HCV 24

Roughness = 3000
0 5.69 2.12 0.20 0.10 0.02 1.51 1.20 3.30 0.55 5.35 20.05 3.87 23.92
5 5.63 2.19 0.23 0.10 0.02 1.51 1.20 3.43 0.57 5.56 20.44 4.02 24.46
10 5.58 2.27 0.25 0.10 0.03 1.51 1.20 3.57 0.60 5.79 20.89 4.18 25.07
15 5.56 2.35 0.27 0.10 0.04 1.51 1.20 3.72 0.62 6.03 21.40 4.36 25.76
20 5.57 2.43 0.30 0.10 0.04 1.51 1.20 3.88 0.65 6.30 21.98 4.55 26.53
25 5.61 2.52 0.32 0.10 0.05 1.51 1.20 4.06 0.68 6.59 22.64 4.76 27.40
30 5.69 2.62 0.34 0.10 0.06 1.51 1.20 4.26 0.71 6.91 23.39 4.99 28.39
35 5.81 2.73 0.37 0.10 0.06 1.51 1.20 4.47 0.75 7.26 24.25 5.25 29.50
40 5.97 2.84 0.39 0.10 0.07 1.51 1.20 4.71 0.79 7.65 25.23 5.53 30.76
45 6.19 2.97 0.41 0.10 0.08 1.51 1.20 4.98 0.83 8.08 26.35 5.84 32.19
50 6.48 3.11 0.44 0.10 0.08 1.51 1.20 5.28 0.88 8.57 27.64 6.19 33.83
243
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC HCV 25
Roughness = 4000
0 5.84 2.16 0.21 0.10 0.02 1.74 1.38 3.35 0.56 5.43 20.79 3.93 24.72
5 5.78 2.23 0.23 0.10 0.02 1.74 1.38 3.48 0.58 5.65 21.20 4.08 25.29
10 5.75 2.31 0.25 0.10 0.03 1.74 1.38 3.62 0.61 5.88 21.67 4.25 25.93
15 5.74 2.39 0.28 0.10 0.04 1.74 1.38 3.78 0.63 6.14 22.21 4.43 26.65
20 5.76 2.48 0.30 0.10 0.04 1.74 1.38 3.95 0.66 6.41 22.83 4.63 27.46
25 5.81 2.58 0.32 0.10 0.05 1.74 1.38 4.14 0.69 6.71 23.52 4.85 28.37
30 5.90 2.68 0.35 0.10 0.06 1.74 1.38 4.34 0.73 7.04 24.32 5.09 29.41
35 6.04 2.79 0.37 0.10 0.06 1.74 1.38 4.56 0.76 7.41 25.22 5.35 30.57
40 6.22 2.91 0.39 0.10 0.07 1.74 1.38 4.81 0.81 7.81 26.25 5.65 31.90
45 6.47 3.04 0.42 0.10 0.08 1.74 1.38 5.09 0.85 8.27 27.44 5.97 33.41
50 6.79 3.19 0.44 0.10 0.08 1.74 1.38 5.41 0.91 8.77 28.81 6.34 35.15
Table VOC HCV 26

Economic Cost of Operation of HCV on Four Lane Divided Expressways (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 5.54 2.68 0.20 0.09 0.02 1.55 1.23 3.33 0.56 5.40 20.59 3.90 24.49
5 5.47 2.79 0.23 0.09 0.02 1.55 1.23 3.46 0.58 5.61 21 .04 4.06 25.09
10 5.44 2.91 0.25 0.09 0.03 1.55 1.23 3.60 0.60 5.84 21.54 4.22 25.77
15 5.42 3.05 0.27 0.09 0.04 1.55 1.23 3.75 0.63 6.09 22.12 4.40 26.52
20 5.44 3.19 0.30 0.09 0.04 1.55 1.23 3.92 0.66 6.36 22.78 4.60 27.38
25 5.49 3.35 0.32 0.09 0.05 1.55 1.23 4.10 0.69 6.66 23.52 4.81 28.34
30 5.57 3.52 0.34 0.09 0.06 1.55 1.23 4.30 0.72 6.98 24.37 5.05 29.42
35 5.70 3.72 0.37 0.09 0.06 1.55 1.23 4.53 0.76 7.34 25.34 5.31 30.65
40 5.87 3.94 0.39 0.09 0.07 1.55 1.23 4.77 0.80 7.74 26.45 5.60 32.05
45 6.11 4.18 0.41 0.09 0.08 1.55 1.23 5.04 0.84 8.19 27.73 5.92 33.64
50 6.41 4.46 0.44 0.09 0.08 1.55 1.23 5.35 0.90 8.68 29.20 6.28 35.47
244
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC HCV 27
Roughness = 3000
0 5.68 2.74 0.21 0.10 0.02 1.78 1.41 3.38 0.57 5.48 21.37 3.96 25.33
5 5.63 2.86 0.23 0.10 0.02 1.78 1.41 3.51 0.59 5.70 21.84 4.12 25.96
10 5.60 2.98 0.25 0.10 0.03 1.78 1.41 3.66 0.61 5.94 22.38 4.29 26.67
15 5.60 3.12 0.28 0.10 0.04 1.78 1.41 3.82 0.64 6.20 22.98 4.48 27.46
20 5.63 3.28 0.30 0.10 0.04 1.78 1.41 3.99 0.67 6.48 23.68 4.68 28.36
25 5.69 3.44 0.32 0.10 0.05 1.78 1.41 4.18 0.70 6.78 24.47 4.90 29.37
30 5.79 3.63 0.35 0.10 0.06 1.78 1.41 4.39 0.74 7.12 25.36 5.15 30.51
35 5.93 3.84 0.37 0.10 0.06 1.78 1.41 4.62 0.77 7.50 26.39 5.42 31.81
40 6.13 4.07 0.40 0.10 0.07 1.78 1.41 4.88 0.82 7.91 27.57 5.72 33.28
45 6.39 4.33 0.42 0.10 0.08 1.78 1.41 5.16 0.86 8.38 28.92 6.05 34.97
50 6.73 4.63 0.44 0.10 0.08 1.78 1.41 5.48 0.92 8.90 30.48 6.43 36.91
Table VOC HCV 28

Roughness = 4000
0 5.83 2.80 0.21 0.10 0.02 2.06 1.63 3.43 0.57 5.57 22.22 4.02 26.25
5 5.79 2.93 0.24 0.10 0.02 2.06 1.63 3.57 0.60 5.79 22.72 4.19 26.91
10 5.77 3.06 0.26 0.10 0.03 2.06 1.63 3.72 0.62 6.04 23.28 4.36 27.65
15 5.78 3.21 0.28 0.10 0.04 2.06 1.63 3.88 0.65 6.30 23.93 4.56 28.48
20 5.82 3.37 0.31 0.10 0.04 2.06 1.63 4.06 0.68 6.60 24.66 4.77 29.43
25 5.90 3.54 0.33 0.10 0.05 2.06 1.63 4.26 0.71 6.91 25.49 5.00 30.49
30 6.01 3.74 0.35 0.10 0.06 2.06 1.63 4.48 0.75 7.27 26.44 5.25 31.69
35 6.18 3.96 0.38 0.10 0.06 2.06 1.63 4.72 0.79 7.66 27.53 5.53 33.06
40 6.40 4.21 0.40 0.10 0.07 2.06 1.63 4.98 0.84 8.09 28.77 5.85 34.62
45 6.69 4.49 0.42 0.10 0.08 2.06 1.63 5.28 0.89 8.58 30.21 6.20 36.41
50 7.07 4.81 0.45 0.10 0.08 2.06 1.63 5.62 0.94 9.12 31.88 6.59 38.47
245
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC HCV 29
Economic Cost of Operation of HCV on Six Lane Divided Expressways (Rs/km)
Roughness= 2000
0 5.55 2.09 0.20 0.09 0.02 1.31 1.04 3.25 0.54 5.28 19.37 3.81 23.19
5 5.48 2.15 0.22 0.09 0.02 1.31 1.04 3.38 0.57 5.48 19.74 3.96 23.70
10 5.42 2.23 0.25 0.09 0.03 1.31 1.04 3.51 0.59 5.70 20.17 4.12 24.28
15 5.40 2.30 0.27 0.09 0.04 1.31 1.04 3.66 0.61 5.93 20.65 4.29 24.94
20 5.39 2.38 0.29 0.09 0.04 1.31 1.04 3.81 0.64 6.19 21.20 4.47 25.68
25 5.42 2.47 0.32 0.09 0.05 1.31 1.04 3.99 0.67 6.47 21.83 4.68 26.51
30 5.48 2.57 0.34 0.09 0.06 1.31 1.04 4.18 0.70 6.78 22.54 4.90 27.44
35 5.58 2.67 0.36 0.09 0.06 1.31 1.04 4.38 0.73 7.12 23.36 5.14 28.50
40 5.73 2.78 0.39 0.09 0.07 1.31 1.04 4.61 0.77 7.49 24.28 5.41 29.69
45 5.92 2.90 0.41 0.09 0.08 1.31 1.04 4.87 0.82 7.90 25.34 5.71 31.05
50 6.18 3.03 0.43 0.09 0.08 1.31 1.04 5.16 0.86 8.37 26.56 6.05 32.61
Table VOC HCV 30

Roughness = 3000
0 5.69 2.12 0.20 0.10 0.02 1.51 1.20 3.30 0.55 5.35 20 .05 3.87 23.92
5 5.63 2.19 0.23 0.10 0.02 1.51 1.20 3.43 0.57 5.56 20.44 4.02 24.46
10 5.58 2.27 0.25 0.10 0.03 1.51 1.20 3.57 0.60 5.79 20.89 4.18 25.07
15 5.56 2.35 0.27 0.10 0.04 1.51 1.20 3.72 0.62 6.03 21.40 4.36 25.76
20 5.57 2.43 0.30 0.10 0.04 1.51 1.20 3.88 0.65 6.30 21.98 4.55 26.53
25 5.61 2.52 0.32 0.10 0.05 1.51 1.20 4.06 0.68 6.59 22.64 4.76 27.40
30 5.69 2.62 0.34 0.10 0.06 1.51 1.20 4.26 0.71 6.91 23.39 4.99 28.39
35 5.81 2.73 0.37 0.10 0.06 1.51 1.20 4.47 0.75 7.26 24.25 5.25 29.50
40 5.97 2.84 0.39 0.10 0.07 1.51 1.20 4.71 0.79 7.65 25.23 5.53 30.76
45 6.19 2.97 0.41 0.10 0.08 1.51 1.20 4.98 0.83 8.08 26.35 5.84 32.19
50 6.48 3.11 0.44 0.1 0 0.08 1.51 1.20 5.28 0.88 8.57 27.64 6.19 33.83
246
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC HCV 31
Roughness = 4000
0 5.84 2.16 0.21 0.10 0.02 1.74 1.38 3.35 0.56 5.43 20.79 3.93 24.72
5 5.78 2.23 0.23 0.10 0.02 1.74 1.38 3.48 0.58 5.65 21.20 4.08 25.29
10 5.75 2.31 0.25 0.10 0.03 1.74 1.38 3.62 0.61 5.88 21.67 4.25 25.93
15 5.74 2.39 0.28 0.10 0.04 1.74 1.38 3.78 0.63 6.14 22.21 4.43 26.65
20 5.76 2.48 0.30 0.10 0.04 1.74 1.38 3.95 0.66 6.41 22.83 4.63 27.46
25 5.81 2.58 0.32 0.10 0.05 1.74 1.38 4.14 0.69 6.71 23.52 4.85 28.37
30 5.90 2.68 0.35 0.10 0.06 1.74 1.38 4.34 0.73 7.04 24.32 5.09 29.41
35 6.04 2.79 0.37 0.10 0.06 1.74 1.38 4.57 0.76 7.41 25.22 5.35 30.57
40 6.22 2.91 0.39 0.10 0.07 1.74 1.38 4.81 0.81 7.81 26.25 5.65 31.90
45 6.47 3.04 0.42 0.10 0.08 1.74 1.38 5.09 0.85 8.27 27.44 5.97 33.41
50 6.79 3.19 0.44 0.10 0.08 1.74 1.38 5.41 0.91 8.77 28.81 6.34 35.15
Table VOC HCV 32

Economic Cost of Operation of HCV on Eight Lane Divided Urban Expressways (Rs/km)
Roughness= 2000
0 5.58 1.71 0.20 0.09 0.02 1.21 0.96 3.18 0.53 5.16 18.63 3.73 22.35
5 5.49 1.75 0.22 0.09 0.02 1.21 0.96 3.30 0.55 5.35 18.95 3.87 22.81
10 5.42 1.80 0.24 0.09 0.03 1.21 0.96 3.43 0.57 5.56 19.31 4.02 23.33
15 5.38 1.85 0.27 0.09 0.04 1.21 0.96 3.56 0.60 5.78 19.74 4.18 23.92
20 5.36 1.90 0.29 0.09 0.04 1.21 0.96 3.71 0.62 6.03 20.22 4.36 24.58
25 5.37 1.96 0.32 0.09 0.05 1.21 0.96 3.88 0.65 6.29 20.77 4.55 25.32
30 5.41 2.02 0.34 0.09 0.06 1.21 0.96 4.06 0.68 6.58 21.40 4.76 26.15
35 5.48 2.08 0.36 0.09 0.06 1.21 0.96 4.25 0.71 6.90 22.11 4.99 27.10
40 5.60 2.15 0.39 0.09 0.07 1.21 0.96 4.47 0.75 7.25 22.93 5.24 28.17
45 5.76 2.22 0.41 0.09 0.08 1.21 0.96 4.71 0.79 7.64 23.86 5.52 29.38
50 5.98 2.29 0.43 0.09 0.08 1.21 0.96 4.97 0.83 8.07 24.92 5.83 30.76
247
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC HCV 33
Roughness= 3000
0 5.71 1.73 0.20 0.10 0.02 1.39 1.10 3.22 0.54 5.23 19.25 3.78 23.03
5 5.63 1.78 0.22 0.10 0.02 1.39 1.10 3.35 0.56 5.43 19.59 3.93 23.51
10 5.58 1.83 0.25 0.1 0 0.03 1.39 1.10 3.48 0.58 5.65 19.98 4.08 24.06
15 5.54 1.88 0.27 0.10 0.04 1.39 1.10 3.62 0.61 5.88 20.42 4.25 24.67
20 5.53 1.93 0.29 0.10 0.04 1.39 1.10 3.78 0.63 6.13 20.93 4.43 25.36
25 5.55 1.99 0.32 0.10 0.05 1.39 1.10 3.95 0.66 6.41 21.51 4.63 26.14
30 5.60 2.05 0.34 0.10 0.06 1.39 1.10 4.13 0.69 6.71 22.17 4.85 27.02
35 5.70 2.12 0.36 0.10 0.06 1.39 1.10 4.34 0.73 7.04 22 .93 5.09 28.01
40 5.83 2.19 0.39 0.10 0.07 1.39 1.10 4.56 0.76 7.40 23.79 5.35 29.14
45 6.01 2.26 0.41 0.10 0.08 1.39 1.10 4.81 0.81 7.81 24.77 5.64 30.41
50 6.26 2.34 0.43 0.10 0.08 1.39 1.10 5.09 0.85 8.26 25.90 5.97 31 .87
Table VOC HCV 34

Roughness = 4000
0 5.85 1.76 0.20 0.10 0.02 1.60 1.27 3.27 0.55 5.31 19.93 3.84 23.77
5 5.78 1.81 0.23 0.10 0.02 1.60 1.27 3.40 0.57 5.51 20 .29 3.99 24.28
10 5.73 1.86 0.25 0.10 0.03 1.60 1.27 3.53 0.59 5.74 20.70 4.15 24.85
15 5.71 1.91 0.27 0.10 0.04 1.60 1.27 3.68 0.62 5.98 21.17 4.32 25.49
20 5.71 1.96 0.30 0.10 0.04 1.60 1.27 3.84 0.64 6.24 21.71 4.51 26 .22
25 5.74 2.02 0.32 0.10 0.05 1.60 1.27 4.02 0.67 6.52 22.32 4.71 27.03
30 5.81 2.09 0.34 0.10 0.06 1.60 1.27 4.21 0.71 6.83 23.02 4.94 27.96
35 5.92 2.15 0.37 0.1 0 0.06 1.60 1.27 4.42 0.74 7.18 23.81 5.19 29.00
40 6.07 2.23 0.39 0.10 0.07 1.60 1.27 4.66 0.78 7.56 24.72 5.46 30.18
45 6.28 2.30 0.41 0.10 0.08 1.60 1.27 4.92 0.82 7.98 25.76 5.77 31.52
50 6.55 2.38 0.44 0.10 0.08 1.60 1.27 5.21 0.87 8.45 26.95 6.11 33.06
248
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC HCV 35
Financial Cost of Operation of HCV on Single Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness= 2000
0 14.67 5.24 0.43 0.19 0.04 4.27 3.38 5.31 1.29 7.53 42.36 0.92 43.27
5 14.93 5.54 0.48 0.19 0.05 4.27 3.38 5.50 1.34 7.81 43.50 0.95 44.45
10 15.26 5.88 0.53 0.19 0.06 4.27 3.38 5.71 1.39 8.10 44.77 0.99 45.76
15 15.66 6.26 0.58 0.19 0.08 4.27 3.38 5.93 1.44 8.42 46.21 1.03 47 .24
20 16.14 6.69 0.62 0.19 0.09 4.27 3.38 6.17 1.50 8.76 47.83 1.07 48.90
25 16.72 7.19 0.67 0.19 0.10 4.27 3.38 6.43 1.56 9.13 49.67 1.11 50.78
30 17.41 7.77 0.72 0.19 0.12 4.27 3.38 6.72 1.63 9.54 51.75 1.16 52.92
35 18.23 8.45 0.77 0.19 0.13 4.27 3.38 7.03 1.71 9.98 54.14 1.22 55.36
40 19.20 9.26 0.82 0.19 0.15 4.27 3.38 7.37 1.79 10.46 56.90 1.28 58.18
45 20.37 10.24 0.86 0.19 0.16 4.27 3.38 7.75 1.88 11.00 60.11 1.34 61.45
50 21.77 11.45 0.91 0.19 0.17 4.27 3.38 8.17 1.98 11.59 63.90 1.41 65.31
Table VOC HCV 36

Roughness = 3000
0 15.18 5.40 0.45 0.20 0.04 4.92 3.90 5.38 1.31 7.64 44.42 0.93 45.35
5 15.47 5.72 0.50 0.20 0.05 4.92 3.90 5.58 1.36 7.92 45.62 0.97 46.58
10 15.82 6.08 0.55 0.20 0.06 4.92 3.90 5.79 1.41 8.22 46.96 1.00 47.97
15 16.26 6.49 0.59 0.20 0.08 4.92 3.90 6.02 1.46 8.55 48.48 1.04 49.52
20 16.77 6.96 0.64 0.20 0.09 4.92 3.90 6.27 1.52 8.90 50.19 1.09 51.27
25 17.39 7.50 0.69 0.20 0.10 4.92 3.90 6.54 1.59 9.29 52.13 1.13 53.26
30 18.13 8.13 0.74 0.20 0.12 4.92 3.90 6.84 1.66 9.71 54.35 1.18 55.53
35 19.01 8.88 0.79 0.20 0.13 4.92 3.90 7.16 1.74 10.17 56.90 1.24 58.13
40 20.06 9.77 0.83 0.20 0.15 4.92 3.90 7.52 1.83 10.67 59.85 1.30 61.15
45 21.31 10.87 0.88 0.20 0.16 4.92 3.90 7.91 1.92 11.23 63.31 1.37 64.67
50 22.82 12.25 0.93 0.20 0.17 4.92 3.90 8.35 2.03 11 .85 67.41 1.44 68.86
249
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table voe HCV 37
Rough ness = 4000
0 15.70 5.58 0.47 0.21 0.04 5.67 4.49 5.46 1.33 7.75 46.68 0.94 47.63
5 16.01 5.92 0.52 0.21 0.05 5.67 4.49 5.66 1.38 8.04 47.94 0.98 48.92
10 16.40 6.30 0.56 0.21 0.06 5.67 4.49 5.88 1.43 8.35 49.36 1.02 50.38
15 16.86 6.74 0.61 0.21 0.08 5.67 4.49 6.12 1.49 8.69 50.96 1.06 52.02
20 17.42 7.25 0.66 0.21 0.09 5.67 4.49 6.38 1.55 9.05 52.77 1.10 53.87
25 18.09 7.84 0.71 0.21 0.10 5.67 4.49 6.66 1.62 9.45 54.83 1.15 55.98
30 18.88 8.53 0.76 0.21 0.12 5.67 4.49 6.97 1.69 9.89 57.19 1.20 58.39
35 19.82 9.35 0.80 0.21 0.13 5.67 4.49 7.30 1.77 10.36 59.91 1.26 61 .17
40 20.94 10.35 0.85 0.21 0.15 5.67 4.49 7.67 1.86 10.89 63.08 1.33 64.41
45 22.29 11.59 0.90 0.21 0.16 5.67 4.49 8.08 1.96 11.47 66.82 1.40 68.22
50 23.92 13.17 0.95 0.21 0.17 5.67 4.49 8.53 2.07 12.11 71.30 1.48 72.78
Table VOC HCV 38

Roughness= 5000
0 16.23 5.76 0.49 0.22 0.04 6.53 5.17 5.54 1.35 7.86 49.18 0.96 50.14
5 16.57 6.13 0.53 0.22 0.05 6.53 5.17 5.75 1.40 8.16 50.51 0.99 51.50
10 16.99 6.54 0.58 0.22 0.06 6.53 5.17 5.98 1.45 8.48 52.00 1.03 53.03
15 17.49 7.01 0.63 0.22 0.08 6.53 5.17 6.22 1.51 8.83 53.69 1.08 54.77
20 18.08 7.56 0.68 0.22 0.09 6.53 5.17 6.49 1.58 9.21 55.61 1.12 56.73
25 18.80 8.20 0.73 0.22 0.10 6.53 5.17 6.78 1.65 9.62 57.79 1.17 58.97
30 19.65 8.96 0.77 0.22 0.12 6.53 5.17 7.10 1.72 10.07 60 .31 1.23 61.54
35 20.66 9.88 0.82 0.22 0.13 6.53 5.17 7.44 1.81 10.57 63.23 1.29 64.51
40 21.86 11.00 0.87 0.22 0.15 6.53 5.17 7.83 1.90 11.11 66.64 1.35 68.00
45 23.32 12.42 0.92 0.22 0.16 6.53 5.17 8.26 2.01 11 .72 70.70 1.43 72.13
50 25.07 14.24 0.97 0.22 0.17 6.53 5.17 8.73 2.12 12.39 75.62 1.51 77.13
250
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC HCV 39
Roughness = 6000
0 16.77 5.96 0.50 0.23 0.04 7.52 5.95 5.62 1.37 7.98 51.94 0.97 52.91
5 17.14 6.35 0.55 0.23 0.05 7.52 5.95 5.84 1.42 8.29 53.33 1.01 54.34
10 17.59 6.79 0.60 0.23 0.06 7.52 5.95 6.07 1.48 8.62 54.91 1.05 55.96
15 18.13 7.31 0.65 0.23 0.08 7.52 5.95 6.33 1.54 8.98 56.70 1.09 57.79
20 18.77 7.90 0.70 0.23 0.09 7.52 5.95 6.60 1.60 9.37 58.73 1.14 59.87
25 19.53 8.61 0.74 0.23 0.10 7.52 5.95 6.90 1.68 9.80 61.06 1.19 62 .26
30 20.44 9.45 0.79 0.23 0.12 7.52 5.95 7.23 1.76 10.26 63 .75 1.25 65.00
35 21 .52 10.47 0.84 0.23 0.13 7.52 5.95 7.59 1.85 10.78 66.88 1.31 68.20
40 22.82 11.74 0.89 0.23 0.15 7.52 5.95 7.99 1.94 11.35 70.58 1.38 71.97
45 24.39 13.36 0.94 0.23 0.16 7.52 5.95 8.44 2.05 11.98 75.02 1.46 76.48
50 26.29 15.51 0.98 0.23 0.17 7.52 5.95 8.94 2.17 12.68 80.45 1.55 82.00
Table VOC HCV 40

Roughness = 7000
0 17.32 6.17 0.52 0.24 0.04 8.66 6.85 5.71 1.39 8.10 54.99 0.99 55.98
5 17.72 6.59 0.57 0.24 0.05 8.66 6.85 5.93 1.44 8.42 56.47 1.03 57.49
10 18.20 7.07 0.62 0.24 0.06 8.66 6.85 6.17 1.50 8.76 58.14 1.07 59.20
15 18.78 7.62 0.67 0.24 0.08 8.66 6.85 6.43 1.56 9.13 60.03 1.11 61.14
20 19.47 8.28 0.71 0.24 0.09 8.66 6.85 6.72 1.63 9.54 62.19 1.16 63.35
25 20.29 9.05 0.76 0.24 0.10 8.66 6.85 7.03 1.71 9.98 64.68 1.22 65.89
30 21.26 9.99 0.81 0.24 0.12 8.66 6.85 7.37 1.79 10.46 67.56 1.28 68.83
35 22.43 11 .14 0.86 0.24 0.13 8.66 6.85 7.75 1.88 11.00 70 .94 1.34 72 .28
40 23.83 12.58 0.91 0.24 0.15 8.66 6.85 8.17 1.98 11.59 74.96 1.41 76.37
45 25.52 14.47 0.95 0.24 0.16 8.66 6.85 8.63 2.10 12.25 79.83 1.49 81.32
50 27.58 17.01 1.00 0.24 0.17 8.66 6.85 9.15 2.22 12.99 85.89 1.58 87.47
251
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC HCV 41
Roughness = 8000
0 17.88 6.39 0.54 0.24 0.04 9.98 7.90 5.79 1.41 8.22 58.40 1.00 59.40
5 18.32 6.84 0.59 0.24 0.05 9.98 7.90 6.02 1.46 8.55 59.95 1.04 61.00
10 18.83 7.36 0.64 0.24 0.06 9.98 7.90 6.27 1.52 8.90 61 .72 1.09 62.80
15 19.45 7.97 0.69 0.24 0.08 9.98 7.90 6.54 1.59 9.29 63.73 1.13 64.86
20 20.19 8.69 0.73 0.24 0.09 9.98 7.90 6.84 1.66 9.71 66.03 1.18 67.21
25 21.07 9.54 0.78 0.24 0.10 9.98 7.90 7.16 1.74 10.17 68.69 1.24 69.93
30 22.11 10.59 0.83 0.24 0.12 9.98 7.90 7.52 1.83 10.67 71.79 1.30 73.09
35 23.37 11.89 0.88 0.24 0.13 9.98 7.90 7.91 1.92 11.23 75.45 1.37 76.81
40 24.87 13.56 0.92 0.24 0.15 9.98 7.90 8.35 2.03 11.85 79.84 1.44 81.29
45 26.70 15.77 0.97 0.24 0.16 9.98 7.90 8.83 2.15 12.54 85.24 1.53 86 .77
50 28.95 18.84 1.02 0.24 0.17 9.98 7.90 9.38 2.28 13.31 92.07 1.62 93.69
Table VOC HCV 42

Financial Cost of Operation of HCV on Intermediate Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 13.99 4.40 0.42 0.19 0.04 3.18 2.51 4.92 1.20 6.98 37.83 0.85 38.68
5 14.17 4.60 0.47 0.19 0.05 3.18 2.51 5.10 1.24 7.24 38.76 0.88 39.65
10 14.41 4.83 0.52 0.19 0.06 3.18 2.51 5.30 1.29 7.52 39.81 0.92 40.73
15 14.71 5.09 0.56 0.1 9 0.08 3.18 2.51 5.51 1.34 7.82 41.00 0.95 41.95
20 15.09 5.37 0.61 0.19 0.09 3.18 2.51 5.74 1.39 8.1 5 42.33 0.99 43.33
25 15.56 5.69 0.66 0.19 0.11 3.18 2.51 5.99 1.46 8.50 43.85 1.04 44.88
30 16.13 6.04 0.71 0.19 0.12 3.18 2.51 6.26 1.52 8.89 45.56 1.08 46.64
35 16.83 6.45 0.76 0.19 0.13 3.18 2.51 6.56 1.59 9.31 47.51 1.13 48.65
40 17.67 6.91 0.80 0.19 0.15 3.18 2.51 6.89 1.67 9.78 49.75 1.19 50.94
45 18.68 7.44 0.85 0.19 0.16 3.18 2.51 7.25 1.76 10.29 52.32 1.25 53.57
50 19.91 8.06 0.90 0.19 0.17 3.18 2.51 7.65 1.86 10.86 55.30 1.32 56.63
252
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table voe HCV 43
Roughness = 3000
0 14.47 4.51 0.43 0.20 0.04 3.66 2.90 4.99 1.21 7.08 39.49 0.86 40.36
5 14.67 4.73 0.48 0.20 0.05 3.66 2.90 5.18 1.26 7.35 40.47 0.90 41.37
10 14.93 4.97 0.53 0.20 0.06 3.66 2.90 5.38 1.31 7.64 41.58 0.93 42.51
15 15.26 5.24 0.58 0.20 0.08 3.66 2.90 5.60 1.36 7.95 42.82 0.97 43.79
20 15.68 5.54 0.62 0.20 0.09 3.66 2.90 5.84 1.42 8.29 44.23 1.01 45.24
25 16.19 5.88 0.67 0.20 0.11 3.66 2.90 6.10 1.48 8.65 45.83 1.05 46.88
30 16.81 6.26 0.72 0.20 0.12 3.66 2.90 6.38 1.55 9.05 47.64 1.10 48.74
35 17.56 6.69 0.77 0.20 0.13 3.66 2.90 6.69 1.62 9.49 49.71 1.1 6 50.86
40 18.46 7.19 0.82 0.20 0.15 3.66 2.90 7.03 1.71 9.98 52 .08 1.22 53.30
45 19.55 7.77 0.86 0.20 0.16 3.66 2.90 7.41 1.80 10.51 54.82 1.28 56.10
50 20.88 8.44 0.91 0.20 0.17 3.66 2.90 7.83 1.90 11 .11 58.01 1.35 59.36
Table VOC HCV 44

Roughness = 4000
0 14.95 4.63 0.44 0.21 0.04 4.22 3.34 5.06 1.23 7.19 41 .31 0.88 42.18
5 15.18 4.86 0.49 0.21 0.05 4.22 3.34 5.26 1.28 7.46 42.34 0.91 43.25
10 15.47 5.12 0.54 0.21 0.06 4.22 3.34 5.47 1.33 7.76 43.50 0.95 44.45
15 15.83 5.40 0.59 0.21 0.08 4.22 3.34 5.69 1.38 8.08 44.81 0.98 45.80
20 16.28 5.72 0.64 0.21 0.09 4.22 3.34 5.94 1.44 8.43 46.30 1.03 47.33
25 16.83 6.08 0.68 0.21 0.11 4.22 3.34 6.20 1.51 8.81 47 .98 1.07 49.06
30 17.50 6.49 0.73 0.21 0.12 4.22 3.34 6.50 1.58 9.22 49.90 1.12 51 .02
35 18.31 6.96 0.78 0.21 0.13 4.22 3.34 6.82 1.66 9.68 52 .09 1.18 53.27
40 19.28 7.50 0.83 0.21 0.15 4.22 3.34 7.17 1.74 10.18 54.61 1.24 55 .85
45 20.46 8.13 0.88 0.21 0.16 4.22 3.34 7.57 1.84 10.74 57.53 1.31 58.84
50 21 .90 8.87 0.92 0.21 0.17 4.22 3.34 8.01 1.95 11 .37 60.95 1.38 62 .33
253
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC HCV 45
Roughness = 5000
0 15.45 4.75 0.46 0.22 0.04 4.86 3.84 5.14 1.25 7.29 43 .29 0.89 44.18
5 15.70 5.00 0.51 0.22 0.05 4.86 3.84 5.34 1.30 7.58 44 .38 0.92 45.30
10 16.01 5.27 0.55 0.22 0.06 4.86 3.84 5.55 1.35 7.88 45.60 0.96 46.56
15 16.41 5.57 0.60 0.22 0.08 4.86 3.84 5.79 1.41 8.21 46.99 1.00 47.99
20 16.90 5.92 0.65 0.22 0.09 4.86 3.84 6.04 1.47 8.57 48.55 1.04 49.60
25 17.49 6.30 0.70 0.22 0.11 4.86 3.84 6.32 1.54 8.97 50.33 1.09 51.42
30 18.21 6.74 0.75 0.22 0.12 4.86 3.84 6.62 1.61 9.40 52.36 1.15 53.51
35 19.08 7.25 0.79 0.22 0.13 4.86 3.84 6.96 1.69 9.87 54.69 1.20 55.89
40 20.14 7.83 0.84 0.22 0.15 4.86 3.84 7.32 1.78 10.40 57 .37 1.27 58.64
45 21.41 8.52 0.89 0.22 0.16 4.86 3.84 7.74 1.88 10.98 60.49 1.34 61 .83
50 22.97 9.35 0.94 0.22 0.17 4.86 3.84 8.20 1.99 11.63 64.1 6 1.42 65 .58
Table VOC HCV 46

Roughness= 6000
0 15.95 4.89 0.47 0.23 0.04 5.59 4.43 5.22 1.27 7.40 45.47 0.90 46.38
5 16.22 5.15 0.52 0.23 0.05 5.59 4.43 5.42 1.32 7.70 46.62 0.94 47 .55
10 16.57 5.43 0.57 0.23 0.06 5.59 4.43 5.64 1.37 8.01 47.91 0.98 48 .88
15 17.00 5.76 0.61 0.23 0.08 5.59 4.43 5.88 1.43 8.35 49.37 1.02 50.38
20 17.53 6.12 0.66 0.23 0.09 5.59 4.43 6.15 1.49 8.73 51 .02 1.06 52.08
25 18.17 6.54 0.71 0.23 0.11 5.59 4.43 6.43 1.56 9.13 52.90 1.11 54.01
30 18.95 7.01 0.76 0.23 0.12 5.59 4.43 6.75 1.64 9.58 55.05 1.17 56.22
35 19.89 7.56 0.81 0.23 0.13 5.59 4.43 7.10 1.72 10.07 57.53 1.23 58.75
40 21.02 8.20 0.85 0.23 0.15 5.59 4.43 7.48 1.82 10.62 60.39 1.29 61.68
45 22.40 8.96 0.90 0.23 0.16 5.59 4.43 7.91 1.92 11.23 63.73 1.37 65.10
50 24.09 9.87 0.95 0.23 0.17 5.59 4.43 8.39 2.04 11 .91 67 .68 1.45 69.13
254
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC HCV 47
Roughness = 7000
0 16.46 5.03 0.48 0.24 0.04 6.44 5.10 5.30 1.29 7.52 47.88 0.92 48.80
5 16.77 5.30 0.53 0.24 0.05 6.44 5.10 5.51 1.34 7.82 49.08 0.95 50.04
10 17.14 5.61 0.58 0.24 0.06 6.44 5.10 5.74 1.39 8.14 50.44 0.99 51.44
15 17.61 5.95 0.63 0.24 0.08 6.44 5.10 5.99 1.45 8.50 51.98 1.04 53.02
20 18.18 6.34 0.67 0.24 0.09 6.44 5.10 6.26 1.52 8.88 53.73 1.08 54.81
25 18.88 6.79 0.72 0.24 0.11 6.44 5.10 6.56 1.59 9.31 55.72 1.13 56.86
30 19.71 7.30 0.77 0.24 0.12 6.44 5.10 6.88 1.67 9.77 58.01 1.19 59.20
35 20.73 7.90 0.82 0.24 0.13 6.44 5.10 7.25 1.76 10.28 60.64 1.25 61.89
40 21 .95 8.60 0.87 0.24 0.15 6.44 5.10 7.65 1.86 10.85 63.70 1.32 65.02
45 23.44 9.44 0.91 0.24 0.16 6.44 5.10 8.10 1.97 11.49 67.29 1.40 68.69
50 25.28 10.46 0.96 0.24 0.17 6.44 5.10 8.60 2.09 12.21 71.55 1.49 73.04
Table VOC HCV 48

Roughness = 8000
0 16.99 5.17 0.49 0.24 0.04 7.42 5.87 5.38 1.31 7.63 50.54 0.93 51.47
5 17.32 5.47 0.54 0.24 0.05 7.42 5.87 5.60 1.36 7.94 51.81 0.97 52.78
10 17.73 5.79 0.59 0.24 0.06 7.42 5.87 5.83 1.42 8.28 53.25 1.01 54.25
15 18.24 6.16 0.64 0.24 0.08 7.42 5.87 6.09 1.48 8.65 54.87 1.05 55.92
20 18.86 6.58 0.69 0.24 0.09 7.42 5.87 6.37 1.55 9.05 56.72 1.10 57.82
25 19.60 7.06 0.73 0.24 0.11 7.42 5.87 6.68 1.62 9.48 58 .83 1.16 59.99
30 20.50 7.62 0.78 0.24 0.12 7.42 5.87 7.02 1.71 9.97 61 .26 1.21 62.47
35 21.60 8.27 0.83 0.24 0.13 7.42 5.87 7.40 1.80 10.50 64.07 1.28 65.35
40 22.92 9.05 0.88 0.24 0.15 7.42 5.87 7.82 1.90 11.10 67.34 1.35 68.70
45 24.54 9.98 0.93 0.24 0.16 7.42 5.87 8.29 2.01 11.77 71.21 1.43 72.64
50 26.53 11.13 0.97 0.24 0.17 7.42 5.87 8.82 2.14 12.52 75.83 1.53 77.35
255
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC HCV 49
Financial Cost of Operation of HCV on Two Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 13.66 3.86 0.41 0.19 0.04 2.77 2.19 4.68 1.14 6.64 35.59 0.97 36.56
5 13.77 4.02 0.46 0.19 0.05 2.77 2.19 4.86 1.18 6.89 36.40 1.01 37.40
10 13.95 4.19 0.51 0.19 0.06 2.77 2.19 5.05 1.23 7.16 37.31 1.04 38.36
15 14.19 4.39 0.56 0.19 0.08 2.77 2.19 5.25 1.28 7.45 38.35 1.09 39.44
20 14.51 4.59 0.61 0.19 0.09 2.77 2.19 5.47 1.33 7.77 39.52 1.13 40.66
25 14.91 4.82 0.65 0.19 0.11 2.77 2.19 5.71 1.39 8.11 40.86 1.18 42.04
30 15.41 5.08 0.70 0.19 0.12 2.77 2.19 5.98 1.45 8.48 42.38 1.24 43.61
35 16.02 5.36 0.75 0.19 0.13 2.77 2.19 6.27 1.52 8.89 44.10 1.30 45.40
40 16.78 5.67 0.80 0.19 0.15 2.77 2.19 6.59 1.60 9.35 46.08 1.36 47.45
45 17.70 6.02 0.85 0.19 0.16 2.77 2.19 6.94 1.69 9.85 48.36 1.44 49.79
50 18.82 6.42 0.89 0.19 0.17 2.77 2.19 7.33 1.78 10.41 50.99 1.52 52.51
Table VOC HCV 50

Roughness = 3000
0 14.11 3.95 0.42 0.20 0.04 3.19 2.53 4.75 1.15 6.74 37.08 0.98 38.07
5 14.25 4.11 0.47 0.20 0.05 3.19 2.53 4.93 1.20 7.00 37.93 1.02 38.95
10 14.45 4.30 0.52 0.20 0.06 3.19 2.53 5.12 1.25 7.27 38.90 1.06 39 .96
15 14.72 4.50 0.57 0.20 0.08 3.19 2.53 5.34 1.30 7.57 39.99 1.10 41.09
20 15.07 4.72 0.62 0.20 0.09 3.19 2.53 5.57 1.35 7.90 41.23 1.15 42.38
25 15.50 4.96 0.66 0.20 0.11 3.19 2.53 5.82 1.41 8.25 42.64 1.20 43.84
30 16.05 5.23 0.71 0.20 0.12 3.19 2.53 6.09 1.48 8.64 44.24 1.26 45.50
35 16.72 5.53 0.76 0.20 0.13 3.19 2.53 6.39 1.55 9.07 46.07 1.32 47.39
40 17.53 5.86 0.81 0.20 0.15 3.19 2.53 6.72 1.63 9.54 48.16 1.39 49.55
45 18.53 6.24 0.86 0.20 0.16 3.19 2.53 7.09 1.72 10.06 50.58 1.47 52.04
50 19.74 6.67 0.90 0.20 0.17 3.19 2.53 7.50 1.82 10.64 53.38 1.55 54.93
256
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC HCV 51
Roughness = 4000
0 14.57 4.04 0.43 0.21 0.04 3.68 2.91 4.82 1.17 6.84 38.71 1.00 39.71
5 14.73 4.21 0.48 0.21 0.05 3.68 2.91 5.01 1.22 7.10 39.60 1.04 40.64
10 14.96 4.41 0.53 0.21 0.06 3.68 2.91 5.21 1.27 7.39 40.62 1.08 41.70
15 15.26 4.62 0.58 0.21 0.08 3.68 2.91 5.42 1.32 7.70 41.77 1.12 42.89
20 15.64 4.85 0.63 0.21 0.09 3.68 2.91 5.66 1.38 8.04 43.08 1.17 44.25
25 16.12 5.10 0.67 0.21 0.11 3.68 2.91 5.92 1.44 8.40 44.56 1.23 45.79
30 16.71 5.39 0.72 0.21 0.12 3.68 2.91 6.20 1.51 8.81 46.26 1.28 47.54
35 17.43 5.71 0.77 0.21 0.13 3.68 2.91 6.52 1.58 9.25 48.19 1.35 49.54
40 18.31 6.06 0.82 0.21 0.15 3.68 2.91 6.86 1.67 9.74 50.41 1.42 51.83
45 19.39 6.47 0.87 0.21 0.16 3.68 2.91 7.25 1.76 10.28 52.98 1.50 54.48
50 20 .71 6.93 0.91 0.21 0.17 3.68 2.91 7.68 1.87 10.89 55.97 1.59 57.56
Table VOC HCV 52

Roughness = 5000
0 15.04 4.13 0.44 0.22 0.04 4.24 3.35 4.89 1.19 6.94 40.48 1.01 41.50
5 15.23 4.32 0.49 0.22 0.05 4.24 3.35 5.08 1.24 7.22 41.43 1.05 42.48
10 15.48 4.52 0.54 0.22 0.06 4.24 3.35 5.29 1.29 7.51 42.50 1.10 43.59
15 15.81 4.74 0.59 0.22 0.08 4.24 3.35 5.52 1.34 7.83 43.71 1.14 44.85
20 16.23 4.99 0.64 0.22 0.09 4.24 3.35 5.76 1.40 8.18 45.09 1.19 46.28
25 16.75 5.26 0.68 0.22 0.11 4.24 3.35 6.03 1.47 8.56 46.66 1.25 47.91
30 17.39 5.56 0.73 0.22 0.12 4.24 3.35 6.32 1.54 8.98 48.45 1.31 49.76
35 18.17 5.90 0.78 0.22 0.13 4.24 3.35 6.65 1.62 9.44 50.50 1.38 51.87
40 19.13 6.28 0.83 0.22 0.15 4.24 3.35 7.01 1.70 9.95 52.85 1.45 54.30
45 20.30 6.72 0.88 0.22 0.16 4.24 3.35 7.41 1.80 10.52 55 .59 1.53 57.12 ,
50 21.73 7.22 0.92 0.22 0.17 4.24 3.35 7.86 1.91 11.16 58.78 1.63 60.41
257
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC HCV 53
Roughness = 6000
0 15.52 4.23 0.45 0.23 0.04 4.88 3.86 4.97 1.21 7.05 42.43 1.03 43.46
5 15.73 4.43 0.50 0.23 0.05 4.88 3.86 5.16 1.25 7.33 43.43 1.07 44.50
10 16.01 4.64 0.55 0.23 0.06 4.88 3.86 5.38 1.31 7.63 44.56 1.11 45.67
15 16.38 4.87 0.60 0.23 0.08 4.88 3.86 5.61 1.36 7.96 45.84 1.16 47.00
20 16.83 5.13 0.65 0.23 0.09 4.88 3.86 5.87 1.43 8.33 47.29 1.21 48.50
25 17.40 5.42 0.69 0.23 0.11 4.88 3.86 6.14 1.49 8.72 48 .94 1.27 50.22
30 18.09 5.74 0.74 0.23 0.12 4.88 3.86 6.45 1.57 9.15 50.84 1.34 52.17
35 18.94 6.10 0.79 0.23 0.13 4.88 3.86 6.79 1.65 9.63 53.01 1.41 54.41
40 19.98 6.51 0.84 0.23 0.15 4.88 3.86 7.16 1.74 10.17 55.52 1.48 57.00
45 21.24 6.98 0.89 0.23 0.16 4.88 3.86 7.58 1.84 10.76 58.43 1.57 60.00
50 22.80 7.53 0.93 0.23 0.17 4.88 3.86 8.05 1.96 11.43 61.85 1.67 63.52
Table VOC HCV 54

Financial Cost of Operation of HCV on Four Lane Divided Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 13.18 3.86 0.41 0.19 0.04 2.77 2.19 3.80 0.92 5.40 32.77 3.90 36.68
5 13.03 4.02 0.46 0.19 0.05 2.77 2.19 3.95 0.96 5.61 33.25 4.06 37.30
10 12.94 4.19 0.51 0.19 0.06 2.77 2.19 4.12 1.00 5.84 33.82 4.22 38.04
15 12.91 4.39 0.56 0.19 0.08 2.77 2.19 4.29 1.04 6.09 34.51 4.40 38.91
20 12.94 4.59 0.61 0.19 0.09 2.77 2.19 4.48 1.09 6.36 35.33 4.60 39.92
25 13.06 4.82 0.65 0.19 0.11 2.77 2.19 4.69 1.14 6.66 36.29 4.81 41.10
30 13.26 5.08 0.70 0.19 0.12 2.77 2.19 4.92 1.20 6.98 37.41 5.05 42.46
35 13.56 5.36 0.75 0.19 0.13 2.77 2.19 5.17 1.26 7.34 38.73 5.31 44.04
40 13.98 5.67 0.80 0.19 0.15 2.77 2.19 5.45 1.33 7.74 40.27 5.60 45.87
45 14.54 6.02 0.85 0.19 0.16 2.77 2.19 5.77 1.40 8.19 42.08 5.92 48.00
50 15.27 6.42 0.89 0.19 0.17 2.77 2.19 6.12 1.49 8.68 44.21 6.28 50.48
258
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC HCV 59
Financial Cost of Operation of HCV on Six Lane Divided Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 4000
0 13.89 3.11 0.42 0.21 0.04 3.12 2.47 3.83 0.93 5.43 33.45 3.93 37.38
5 13.76 3.22 0.47 0.21 0.05 3.12 2.47 3.98 0.97 5.65 33.88 4.08 37.96
10 13.67 3.33 0.52 0.21 0.06 3.12 2.47 4.14 1.01 5.88 34.41 4.25 38.66
15 13.65 3.45 0.56 0.21 0.08 3.12 2.47 4.32 1.05 6.14 35.04 4.43 39.47
20 13.70 3.57 0.61 0.21 0.09 3.12 2.47 4.52 1.10 6.41 35.79 4.63 40.43
25 13.83 3.71 0.66 0.21 0.11 3.12 2.47 4.73 1.15 6.71 36.69 4.85 41.54
30 14.05 3.86 0.71 0.21 0.12 3.12 2.47 4.96 1.21 7.04 37.73 5.09 42.82
35 14.37 4.02 0.76 0.21 0.13 3.12 2.47 5.22 1.27 7.41 38.96 5.35 44.32
40 14.81 4.19 0.80 0.21 0.15 3.12 2.47 5.51 1.34 7.81 40.40 5.65 46.05
45 15.39 4.38 0.85 0.21 0.16 3.12 2.47 5.82 1.42 8.27 42.09 5.97 48.06
50 16.16 4.59 0.90 0.21 0.17 3.12 2.47 6.18 1.50 8.77 44.07 6.34 50.41
Table VOC HCV 60

Financial Cost of Operation of HCV on Four Lane Divided Expressways Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 13.18 3.86 0.41 0.19 0.04 2.77 2.19 3.80 0.92 5.40 32 .77 3.90 36.68
5 13.03 4.02 0.46 0.19 0.05 2.77 2.19 3.95 0.96 5.61 33.25 4.06 37.30
10 12.94 4.19 0.51 0.19 0.06 2.77 2.19 4.12 1.00 5.84 33.82 4.22 38.04
15 12.91 4.39 0.56 0.19 0.08 2.77 2.19 4.29 1.04 6.09 34.51 4.40 38.91
20 12.94 4.59 0.61 0.19 0.09 2.77 2.19 4.48 1.09 6.36 35.33 4.60 39.92
25 13.06 4.82 0.65 0.19 0.11 2.77 2.19 4.69 1.14 6.66 36.29 4.81 41.10
30 13.26 5.08 0.70 0.19 0.12 2.77 2.19 4.92 1.20 6.98 37.41 5.05 42.46
35 13.56 5.36 0.75 0.19 0.13 2.77 2.19 5.17 1.26 7.34 38.73 5.31 44.04
40 13.98 5.67 0.80 0.19 0.15 2.77 2.19 5.45 1.33 7.74 40.27 5.60 45.87
45 14.54 6.02 0.85 0.19 0.16 2.77 2.19 5.77 1.40 8.19 42.08 5.92 48.00
50 15.27 6.42 0.89 0.19 0.17 2.77 2.19 6.12 1.49 8.68 44.21 6.28 50.48
261
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC HCV 61
Roughness= 3000
0 13.52 3.95 0.42 0.20 0.04 3.19 2.53 3.86 0.94 5.48 34.14 3.96 38.10
5 13.40 4.11 0.47 0.20 0.05 3.19 2.53 4.02 0.98 5.70 34.65 4.12 38.77
10 13.33 4.30 0.52 0.20 0.06 3.19 2.53 4.18 1.02 5.94 35.27 4.29 39.56
15 13.32 4.50 0.57 0.20 0.08 3.19 2.53 4.37 1.06 6.20 36.01 4.48 40.49
20 13.39 4.72 0.62 0.20 0.09 3.19 2.53 4.56 1.11 6.48 36.88 4.68 41.57
25 13.54 4.96 0.66 0.20 0.11 3.19 2.53 4.78 1.16 6.78 37.91 4.90 42.82
30 13.78 5.23 0.71 0.20 0.12 3.19 2.53 5.02 1.22 7.12 39.12 5.15 44.26
35 14.12 5.53 0.76 0.20 0.13 3.19 2.53 5.28 1.28 7.50 40.52 5.42 45.94
40 14.59 5.86 0.81 0.20 0.15 3.19 2.53 5.57 1.35 7.91 42.17 5.72 47.89
45 15.22 6.24 0.86 0.20 0.16 3.19 2.53 5.90 1.43 8.38 44.10 6.05 50.16
50 16.02 6.67 0.90 0.20 0.1 7 3.19 2.53 6.27 1.52 8.90 46.38 6.43 52.81
Table VOC HCV 62

Roughness= 4000
0 13.88 4.04 0.43 0.21 0.04 3.68 2.91 3.92 0.95 5.57 35.63 4.02 39.65
5 13.77 4.21 0.48 0.21 0.05 3.68 2.91 4.08 0.99 5.79 36.19 4.19 40.37
10 13.73 4.41 0.53 0.21 0.06 3.68 2.91 4.25 1.03 6.04 36.85 4.36 41.22
15 13.75 4.62 0.58 0.21 0.08 3.68 2.91 4.44 1.08 6.30 37.65 4.56 42.20
20 13.85 4.85 0.63 0.21 0.09 3.68 2.91 4.65 1.13 6.60 38 .58 4.77 43.35
25 14.03 5.10 0.67 0.21 0.11 3.68 2.91 4.87 1.18 6.91 39.68 5.00 44.68
30 14.31 5.39 0.72 0.21 0.12 3.68 2.91 5.12 1.24 7.27 40.97 5.25 46.22
35 14.70 5.71 0.77 0.21 0.13 3.68 2.91 5.39 1.31 7.66 42.47 5.53 48.00
40 15.23 6.06 0.82 0.21 0.15 3.68 2.91 5.70 1.38 8.09 44.23 5.85 50.08
45 15.92 6.47 0.87 0.21 0.16 3.68 2.91 6.04 1.47 8.58 46.30 6.20 52.50
50 16.81 6.93 0.91 0.21 0.17 3.68 2.91 6.43 1.56 9.12 48.75 6.59 55.34
262
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC HCV 63
Financial Cost of Operation of HCV on Six Lane Divided Expressways Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 13.22 3.01 0.41 0.19 0.04 2.35 1.86 3.72 0.90 5.28 30.96 3.81 34.77
5 13.04 3.10 0.46 0.19 0.05 2.35 1.86 3.86 0.94 5.48 31.32 3.96 35.28
10 12.91 3.21 0.50 0.19 0.06 2.35 1.86 4.01 0.98 5.70 31.77 4.12 35.88
15 12.84 3.32 0.55 0.19 0.08 2.35 1.86 4.18 1.02 5.93 32.31 4.29 36.60
20 12.83 3.43 0.60 0.19 0.09 2.35 1.86 4.36 1.06 6.19 32.97 4.47 37.44
25 12.90 3.56 0.65 0.19 0.11 2.35 1.86 4.56 1.11 6.47 33.75 4.68 38.42
30 13.04 3.70 0.70 0.19 0.12 2.35 1.86 4.78 1.16 6.78 34 .67 4.90 39.57
35 13.28 3.84 0.74 0.19 0.13 2.35 1.86 5.01 1.22 7.12 35.75 5.14 40.89
40 13.62 4.00 0.79 0.19 0.15 2.35 1.86 5.28 1.28 7.49 37.01 5.41 42.42
45 14.09 4.17 0.84 0.19 0.16 2.35 1.86 5.57 1.35 7.90 38.49 5.71 44.20
50 14.71 4.36 0.89 0.19 0.17 2.35 1.86 5.89 1.43 8.37 40.23 6.05 46.28
Table VOC HCV 64

Roughness = 3000
0 13.55 3.06 0.41 0.20 0.04 2.71 2.14 3.77 0.92 5.35 32.15 3.87 36.02
5 13.39 3.16 0.46 0.20 0.05 2.71 2.14 3.92 0.95 5.56 32.54 4.02 36.56
10 13.29 3.27 0.51 0.20 0.06 2.71 2.14 4.08 0.99 5.79 33.03 4.18 37.21
15 13.24 3.38 0.56 0.20 0.08 2.71 2.14 4.25 1.03 6.03 33.62 4.36 37.98
20 13.26 3.50 0.61 0.20 0.09 2.71 2.14 4.44 1.08 6.30 34.32 4.55 38.87
25 13.36 3.63 0.65 0.20 0.11 2.71 2.14 4.64 1.13 6.59 35.16 4.76 39.92
30 13.54 3.77 0.70 0.20 0.12 2.71 2.14 4.87 1.18 6.91 36.14 4.99 41 .13
35 13.82 3.93 0.75 0.20 0.13 2.71 2.14 5.11 1.24 7.26 37.29 5.25 42.54
40 14.21 4.09 0.80 0.20 0.15 2.71 2.14 5.39 1.31 7.65 38.64 5.53 44.16
45 14.73 4.28 0.85 0.20 0.16 2.71 2.14 5.69 1.38 8.08 40.22 5.84 46 .06
50 15.42 4.47 0.89 0.20 0.17 2.71 2.14 6.03 1.47 8.57 42 .07 6.19 48.26
263
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC HCV 65
Roughness = 4000
0 13.89 3.11 0.42 0.21 0.04 3.12 2.47 3.83 0.93 5.43 33.45 3.93 37.38
5 13.76 3.22 0.47 0.21 0.05 3.12 2.47 3.98 0.97 5.65 33.88 4.08 37.96
10 13.67 3.33 0.52 0.21 0.06 3.12 2.47 4.14 1.01 5.88 34.41 4.25 38.66
15 13.65 3.45 0.56 0.21 0.08 3.12 2.47 4.32 1.05 6.14 35.04 4.43 39.47
20 13.70 3.57 0.61 0.21 0.09 3.12 2.47 4.52 1.10 6.41 35.79 4.63 40.43
25 13.83 3.71 0.66 0.21 0.11 3.12 2.47 4.73 1.15 6.71 36.69 4.85 41.54
30 14.05 3.86 0.71 0.21 0.12 3.12 2.47 4.96 1.21 7.04 37.73 5.09 42.82
35 14.37 4.02 0.76 0.21 0.13 3.12 2.47 5.22 1.27 7.41 38.96 5.35 44.32
40 14.81 4.19 0.80 0.21 0.15 3.12 2.47 5.51 1.34 7.81 40.40 5.65 46.05
45 15.39 4.38 0.85 0.21 0.16 3.12 2.47 5.82 1.42 8.27 42.09 5.97 48.06
50 16.16 4.59 0.90 0.21 0.17 3.12 2.47 6.18 1.50 8.77 44.07 6.34 50.41
Table VOC HCV 66

Financial Cost of Operation of HCV on Eight Lane Divided Urban Expressways Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 13.28 2.46 0.40 0.19 0.04 2.16 1.71 3.63 0.88 5.16 29.91 3.73 33.64
5 13.07 2.53 0.45 0.19 0.05 2.16 1.71 3.77 0.92 5.35 30 .19 3.87 34.06
10 12.91 2.59 0.50 0.19 0.06 2.1 6 1.71 3.92 0.95 5.56 30.55 4.02 34.57
15 12.80 2.67 0.55 0.19 0.08 2.16 1.71 4.07 0.99 5.78 31.00 4.18 35.18
20 12.75 2.74 0.60 0.19 0.09 2.16 1.71 4.25 1.03 6.03 31.55 4.36 35.91
25 12.77 2.82 0.64 0.19 0.11 2.16 1.71 4.43 1.08 6.29 32.21 4.55 36.76
30 12.87 2.91 0.69 0.19 0.12 2.16 1.71 4.64 1.13 6.58 33.00 4.76 37 .75
35 13.05 3.00 0.74 0.19 0.13 2.16 1.71 4.86 1.18 6.90 33.92 4.99 38.91
40 13.32 3.09 0.79 0.19 0.15 2.16 1.71 5.11 1.24 7.25 35 .01 5.24 40.25
45 13.71 3.19 0.84 0.19 0.16 2.16 1.71 5.38 1.31 7.64 36 .29 5.52 41.82
50 14.23 3.30 0.88 0.19 0.17 2.16 1.71 5.69 1.38 8.07 37.80 5.83 43.63
264
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC HCV 67
Roughness= 3000
0 13.60 2.50 0.41 0.20 0.04 2.49 1.97 3.69 0.90 5.23 31.01 3.78 34.80
5 13.41 2.56 0.46 0.20 0.05 2.49 1.97 3.83 0.93 5.43 31.32 3.93 35.25
10 13.27 2.63 0.51 0.20 0.06 2.49 1.97 3.98 0.97 5.65 31.72 4.08 35.80
15 13.19 2.71 0.55 0.20 0.08 2.49 1.97 4.14 1.01 5.88 32.21 4.25 36.46
20 13.17 2.78 0.60 0.20 0.09 2.49 1.97 4.32 1.05 6.13 32.80 4.43 37.23
25 13.21 2.87 0.65 0.20 0.11 2.49 1.97 4.51 1.10 6.41 33.51 4.63 38.14
30 13.34 2.95 0.70 0.20 0.12 2.49 1.97 4.72 1.15 6.71 34.35 4.85 39.19
35 13.55 3.05 0.75 0.20 0.13 2.49 1.97 4.96 1.20 7.04 35.34 5.09 40.42
40 13.87 3.15 0.79 0.20 0.15 2.49 1.97 5.21 1.27 7.40 36.50 5.35 41.85
45 14.31 3.25 0.84 0.20 0.16 2.49 1.97 5.50 1.34 7.81 37.87 5.64 43.51
50 14.89 3.37 0.89 0.20 0.17 2.49 1.97 5.82 1.41 8.26 39.47 5.97 45.44
Table VOC HCV 68

Roughness= 4000
0 13.93 2.53 0.41 0.21 0.04 2.87 2.27 3.74 0.91 5.31 32.22 3.84 36.05
5 13.76 2.60 0.46 0.21 0.05 2.87 2.27 3.88 0.94 5.51 32.56 3.99 36.54
10 13.64 2.67 0.51 0.21 0.06 2.87 2.27 4.04 0.98 5.74 32.99 4.15 37.14
15 13.58 2.75 0.56 0.21 0.08 2.87 2.27 4.21 1.02 5.98 33.52 4.32 37.84
20 13.59 2.83 0.61 0.21 0.09 2.87 2.27 4.39 1.07 6.24 34.16 4.51 38.66
25 13.66 2.91 0.65 0.21 0.11 2.87 2.27 4.59 1.12 6.52 34.92 4.71 39.63
30 13.82 3.00 0.70 0.21 0.12 2.87 2.27 4.81 1.17 6.83 35.81 4.94 40.75
35 14.08 3.10 0.75 0.21 0.13 2.87 2.27 5.06 1.23 7.18 36.87 5.19 42.06
40 14.44 3.20 0.80 0.21 0.15 2.87 2.27 5.32 1.29 7.56 38.11 5.46 43.57
45 14.93 3.31 0.85 0.21 0.16 2.87 2.27 5.62 1.37 7.98 39.57 5.77 45.33
50 15.58 3.43 0.89 0.21 0.17 2.87 2.27 5.95 1.45 8.45 41.28 6.11 47.39
265
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC MCV 1
Economic Cost of Operation of MCV on Single Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 12.92 5.27 0.49 0.09 0.02 3.59 2.84 5.32 1.03 7.74 39.32 0.00 39.32
5 13.28 5.57 0.81 0.09 0.02 3.59 2.84 5.50 1.06 8.00 40.78 0.00 40.78
10 13.70 5.91 1.12 0.09 0.03 3.59 2.84 5.70 1.10 8.29 42.38 0.00 42.38
15 14.18 6.29 1.44 0.09 0.04 3.59 2.84 5.91 1.14 8.59 44.12 0.00 44.12
20 14.74 6.72 1.75 0.09 0.04 3.59 2.84 6.14 1.18 8.92 46.03 0.00 46.03
25 15.39 7.22 2.07 0.09 0.05 3.59 2.84 6.38 1.23 9.27 48.13 0.00 48.13
30 16.13 7.80 2.38 0.09 0.06 3.59 2.84 6.64 1.28 9.66 50.48 0.00 50.48
35 17.00 8.47 2.69 0.09 0.06 3.59 2.84 6.93 1.33 10.07 53.10 0.00 53.10
40 18.01 9.28 3.01 0.09 0.07 3.59 2.84 7.24 1.40 10.53 56.07 0.00 56.07
45 19.20 10.25 3.32 0.09 0.08 3.59 2.84 7.58 1.46 11.03 59.46 0.00 59.46
50 20.61 11.45 3.64 0.09 0.08 3.59 2.84 7.96 1.53 11.57 63.38 0.00 63.38
Table VOC MCV 2

Roughness = 3000
0 13.37 5.42 0.61 0.10 0.02 4.14 3.27 5.39 1.04 7.84 41.20 0.00 41.20
5 13.75 5.74 0.92 0.10 0.02 4.14 3.27 5.58 1.07 8.11 42.72 0.00 42.72
10 14.20 6.10 1.24 0.10 0.03 4.14 3.27 5.78 1.11 8.40 44.37 0.00 44.37
15 14.71 6.50 1.55 0.10 0.04 4.14 3.27 6.00 1.16 8.72 46.18 0.00 46.18
20 15.30 6.97 1.87 0.10 0.04 4.14 3.27 6.23 1.20 9.06 48.18 0.00 48.18
25 15.98 7.50 2.18 0.10 0.05 4.14 3.27 6.48 1.25 9.42 50.38 0.00 50.38
30 16.77 8.13 2.50 0.10 0.06 4.14 3.27 6.75 1.30 9.82 52.84 0.00 52.84
35 17.70 8.86 2.81 0.10 0.06 4.14 3.27 7.05 1.36 10.25 55.60 0.00 55.60
40 18.78 9.75 3.13 0.10 0.07 4.14 3.27 7.37 1.42 10.72 58.75 0.00 58.75
45 20.05 10.83 3.44 0.10 0.08 4.14 3.27 7.73 1.49 11.24 62.36 0.00 62.36
50 21.56 12.18 3.75 0.10 0.08 4.14 3.27 8.12 1.56 11.81 66.58 0.00 66.58
266
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC MCV 3
Economic Cost of Operation of MCV on Single Lane Roads {Rs/km)
Roughness= 4000
0 13.83 5.58 0.72 0.10 0.02 4.77 3.77 5.47 1.05 7.95 43.25 0.00 43.25
5 14.23 5.92 1.04 0.10 0.02 4.77 3.77 5.66 1.09 8.23 44.83 0.00 44.83
10 14.70 6.30 1.35 0.10 0.03 4.77 3.77 5.87 1.13 8.53 46.55 0.00 46.55
15 15.24 6.73 1.67 0.10 0.04 4.77 3.77 6.09 1.17 8.85 48.43 0.00 48.43
20 15.87 7.23 1.98 0.10 0.04 4.77 3.77 6.33 1.22 9.20 50.51 0.00 50.51
25 16.60 7.81 2.30 0.10 0.05 4.77 3.77 6.59 1.27 9.58 52.82 0.00 52.82
30 17.44 8.48 2.61 0.10 0.06 4.77 3.77 6.87 1.32 9.99 55.41 0.00 55.41
35 18.42 9.29 2.93 0.10 0.06 4.77 3.77 7.18 1.38 10.43 58.33 0.00 58 .33
40 19.57 10.27 3.24 0.10 0.07 4.77 3.77 7.51 1.45 10.92 61.67 0.00 61.67
45 20.93 11.47 3.56 0.10 0.08 4.77 3.77 7.88 1.52 11.46 65.53 0.00 65.53
50 22.55 13.00 3.87 0.10 0.08 4.77 3.77 8.29 1.60 12.05 70 .08 0.00 70.08
Table VOC MCV 4

Economic Cost of Operation of MCV on Single Lane Roads {Rs/km)
Roughness= 5000
0 14.29 5.74 0.84 0.11 0.02 5.49 4.34 5.54 1.07 8.06 45.50 0.00 45.50
5 14.72 6.10 1.16 0.11 0.02 5.49 4.34 5.74 1.11 8.34 47 .14 0.00 47.14
10 15.22 6.51 1.47 0.11 0.03 5.49 4.34 5.95 1.15 8.65 48.93 0.00 48 .93
15 15.79 6.98 1.78 0.11 0.04 5.49 4.34 6.18 1.19 8.99 50.89 0.00 50.89
20 16.46 7.51 2.10 0.11 0.04 5.49 4.34 6.43 1.24 9.35 53.07 0.00 53.07
25 17.23 8.14 2.41 0.11 0.05 5.49 4.34 6.70 1.29 9.74 55.49 0.00 55.49
30 18.12 8.88 2.73 0.11 0.06 5.49 4.34 6.99 1.35 10.16 58.22 0.00 58.22
35 19.17 9.76 3.04 0.11 0.06 5.49 4.34 7.31 1.41 10.62 61.31 0.00 61.31
40 20.40 10.85 3.36 0.11 0.07 5.49 4.34 7.66 1.47 11 .13 64.87 0.00 64.87
45 21.85 12.20 3.67 0.11 0.08 5.49 4.34 8.04 1.55 11.69 69.02 0.00 69.02
50 23 .60 13.94 3.99 0.11 0.08 5.49 4.34 8.46 1.63 12.30 73.95 0.00 73.95
267
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC MCV 5
Roughness = 6000
0 14.77 5.92 0.96 0.11 0.02 6.32 5.00 5.62 1.08 8.17 47.97 0.00 47.97
5 15.23 6.30 1.27 0.11 0.02 6.32 5.00 5.82 1.12 8.46 49.67 0.00 49.67
10 15.75 6.74 1.59 0.11 0.03 6.32 5.00 6.04 1.16 8.78 51.53 0.00 51.53
15 16.36 7.24 1.90 0.11 0.04 6.32 5.00 6.28 1.21 9.13 53.59 0.00 53.59
20 17.06 7.82 2.22 0.11 0.04 6.32 5.00 6.53 1.26 9.50 55.87 0.00 55.87
25 17.88 8.50 2.53 0.11 0.05 6.32 5.00 6.81 1.31 9.90 58.42 0.00 58.42
30 18.83 9.30 2.85 0.11 0.06 6.32 5.00 7.11 1.37 10.34 61.30 0.00 61.30
35 19.94 10.28 3.16 0.11 0.06 6.32 5.00 7.44 1.43 10.82 64.58 0.00 64.58
40 21.26 11.49 3.47 0.1 1 0.07 6.32 5.00 7.80 1.50 11 .34 68.38 0.00 68.38
45 22.82 13.03 3.79 0.11 0.08 6.32 5.00 8.20 1.58 11.92 72.86 0.00 72.86
50 24.71 15.03 4.10 0.11 0.08 6.32 5.00 8.64 1.67 12.57 78.23 0.00 78.23
Table VOC MCV 6

Roughness = 7000
0 15.26 6.11 1.07 0.12 0.02 7.28 5.76 5.70 1.10 8.28 50.70 0.00 50.70
5 15.74 6.52 1.39 0.12 0.02 7.28 5.76 5.91 1.14 8.59 52.46 0.00 52.46
10 16.30 6.98 1.70 0.12 0.03 7.28 5.76 6.13 1.18 8.92 54.40 0.00 54.40
15 16.94 7.52 2.02 0.12 0.04 7.28 5.76 6.38 1.23 9.27 56 .55 0.00 56.55
20 17.68 8.15 2.33 0.1 2 0.04 7.28 5.76 6.64 1.28 9.65 58.94 0.00 58 .94
25 18.55 8.89 2.65 0.1 2 0.05 7.28 5.76 6.93 1.33 10.07 61.63 0.00 61.63
30 19.56 9.78 2.96 0.12 0.06 7.28 5.76 7.24 1.39 10.52 64.68 0.00 64.68
35 20 .75 10.86 3.28 0.12 0.06 7.28 5.76 7.58 1.46 11.02 68.18 0.00 68.18
40 22.16 12.22 3.59 0.12 0.07 7.28 5.76 7.96 1.53 11.57 72.26 0.00 72 .26
45 23.84 13.97 3.91 0.1 2 0.08 7.28 5.76 8.37 1.61 12.17 77.11 0.00 77.11
50 25.88 16.30 4.22 0.12 0.08 7.28 5.76 8.83 1.70 12.84 83.02 0.00 83.02
268
IRC:SP :30-2019
Table VOC MCV 7
Roughness = 8000
0 15.75 6.31 1.19 0.12 0.02 8.39 6.64 5.78 1.11 8.40 53.71 0.00 53.71
5 16.26 6.75 1.50 0.12 0.02 8.39 6.64 6.00 1.16 8.72 55.55 0.00 55.55
10 16.85 7.25 1.82 0.12 0.03 8.39 6.64 6.23 1.20 9.05 57.58 0.00 57.58
15 17.53 7.83 2.13 0.12 0.04 8.39 6.64 6.48 1.25 9.42 59.83 0.00 59.83
20 18.33 8.51 2.45 0.12 0.04 8.39 6.64 6.75 1.30 9.82 62 .34 0.00 62 .34
25 19.25 9.32 2.76 0.12 0.05 8.39 6.64 7.05 1.36 10.25 65.18 0.00 65 .18
30 20.33 10.30 3.08 0.12 0.06 8.39 6.64 7.37 1.42 10.72 68.42 0.00 68.42
35 21.60 11.51 3.39 0.12 0.06 8.39 6.64 7.73 1.49 11.23 72.16 0.00 72.16
40 23.11 13.05 3.71 0.12 0.07 8.39 6.64 8.12 1.56 11.80 76.56 0.00 76.56
45 24.92 15.06 4.02 0.12 0.08 8.39 6.64 8.55 1.65 12.43 81.85 0.00 81 .85
50 27.12 17.81 4.34 0.12 0.08 8.39 6.64 9.03 1.74 13.13 88.40 0.00 88.40
Table VOC MCV 8

Economic Cost of Operation of MCV on Intermediate Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 12.09 4.42 0.42 0.09 0.02 2.67 2.11 4.96 0.96 7.21 34.96 0.00 34.96
5 12.39 4.63 0.73 0.09 0.02 2.67 2.11 5.14 0.99 7.47 36 .25 0.00 36.25
10 12.74 4.86 1.05 0.09 0.03 2.67 2.11 5.32 1.03 7.74 37 .64 0.00 37.64
15 13.15 5.12 1.36 0.09 0.04 2.67 2.11 5.52 1.06 8.03 39.16 0.00 39.16
20 13.63 5.40 1.68 0.09 0.04 2.67 2.11 5.74 1.11 8.35 40.82 0.00 40.82
25 14.19 5.72 1.99 0.09 0.05 2.67 2.11 5.98 1.15 8.69 42.64 0.00 42 .64
30 14.84 6.07 2.31 0.09 0.06 2.67 2.11 6.23 1.20 9.06 44.65 0.00 44.65
35 15.61 6.48 2.62 0.09 0.06 2.67 2.11 6.51 1.25 9.46 46.88 0.00 46.88
40 16.51 6.94 2.94 0.09 0.07 2.67 2.11 6.81 1.31 9.91 49.37 0.00 49.37
45 17.58 7.47 3.25 0.09 0.08 2.67 2.11 7.15 1.38 10.39 52.17 0.00 52.17
50 18.85 8.08 3.56 0.09 0.08 2.67 2.11 7.52 1.45 10.93 55.35 0.00 55.35
269
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC MCV 9
Roughness= 3000
0 12.51 4.53 0.50 0.10 0.02 3.08 2.43 5.03 0.97 7.31 36.47 0.00 36.47
5 12.83 4.75 0.81 0.10 0.02 3.08 2.43 5.21 1.00 7.57 37.81 0.00 37.81
10 13.20 4.99 1.13 0.10 0.03 3.08 2.43 5.40 1.04 7.85 39.25 0.00 39.25
15 13.64 5.26 1.44 0.10 0.04 3.08 2.43 5.61 1.08 8.15 40.83 0.00 40.83
20 14.15 5.56 1.76 0.10 0.04 3.08 2.43 5.83 1.12 8.48 42.55 0.00 42.55
25 14.75 5.89 2.07 0.10 0.05 3.08 2.43 6.08 1.17 8.83 44.45 0.00 44.45
30 15.44 6.27 2.39 0.10 0.06 3.08 2.43 6.34 1.22 9.21 46.54 0.00 46.54
35 16.26 6.70 2.70 0.10 0.06 3.08 2.43 6.63 1.28 9.63 48.87 0.00 48.87
40 17.22 7.19 3.01 0.10 0.07 3.08 2.43 6.94 1.34 10.09 51.48 0.00 51.48
45 18.36 7.77 3.33 0.10 0.08 3.08 2.43 7.29 1.40 10.60 54.43 0.00 54.43
50 19.72 8.44 3.64 0.10 0.08 3.08 2.43 7.67 1.48 11.15 57.80 0.00 57 .80
Table VOC MCV 10

Roughness= 4000
0 12.94 4.64 0.58 0.10 0.02 3.54 2.80 5.10 0.98 7.41 38.11 0.00 38.11
5 13.28 4.87 0.89 0.10 0.02 3.54 2.80 5.28 1.02 7.68 39.49 0.00 39.49
10 13.68 5.12 1.21 0.10 0.03 3.54 2.80 5.48 1.06 7.97 40.99 0.00 40.99
15 14.14 5.41 1.52 0.10 0.04 3.54 2.80 5.69 1.10 8.28 42.63 0.00 42.63
20 14.69 5.72 1.84 0.10 0.04 3.54 2.80 5.93 1.14 8.61 44.42 0.00 44.42
25 15.32 6.08 2.15 0.10 0.05 3.54 2.80 6.18 1.19 8.98 46.39 0.00 46.39
30 16.06 6.48 2.46 0.10 0.06 3.54 2.80 6.45 1.24 9.38 48.58 0.00 48.58
35 16.93 6.94 2.78 0.10 0.06 3.54 2.80 6.75 1.30 9.81 51.03 0.00 51.03
40 17.96 7.47 3.09 0.10 0.07 3.54 2.80 7.07 1.36 10.28 53.77 0.00 53.77
45 19.18 8.09 3.41 0.10 0.08 3.54 2.80 7.44 1.43 10.81 56.89 0.00 56.89
50 20.65 8.82 3.72 0.10 0.08 3.54 2.80 7.83 1.51 11.39 60.46 0.00 60.46
270
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC MCV 11
Roughness= 5000
0 13.38 4.75 0.66 0.11 0.02 4.08 3.23 5.17 1.00 7.51 39.90 0.00 39.90
5 13.74 4.99 0.97 0.11 0.02 4.08 3.23 5.36 1.03 7.79 41.33 0.00 41.33
10 14.16 5.26 1.29 0.11 0.03 4.08 3.23 5.56 1.07 8.09 42.88 0.00 42.88
15 14.66 5.56 1.60 0.11 0.04 4.08 3.23 5.78 1.11 8.41 44.58 0.00 44.58
20 15.24 5.90 1.91 0.11 0.04 4.08 3.23 6.02 1.16 8.75 46.45 0.00 46.45
25 15.91 6.28 2.23 0.11 0.05 4.08 3.23 6.28 1.21 9.13 48.51 0.00 48.51
30 16.70 6.71 2.54 0.11 0.06 4.08 3.23 6.56 1.26 9.54 50.80 0.00 50.80
35 17.63 7.20 2.86 0.11 0.06 4.08 3.23 6.87 1.32 9.99 53.36 0.00 53.36
40 18.73 7.78 3.17 0.11 0.07 4.08 3.23 7.21 1.39 10.48 56.25 0.00 56.25
45 20.04 8.45 3.49 0.11 0.08 4.08 3.23 7.59 1.46 11.03 59.55 0.00 59.55
50 21.61 9.25 3.80 0.11 0.08 4.08 3.23 8.00 1.54 11.63 63.35 0.00 63.35
Table VOC MCV 12

Roughness = 6000
0 13.83 4.87 0.74 0.11 0.02 4.70 3.72 5.24 1.01 7.62 41.86 0.00 41.86
5 14.21 5.13 1.05 0.11 0.02 4.70 3.72 5.44 1.05 7.90 43.34 0.00 43.34
10 14.66 5.41 1.36 0.11 0.03 4.70 3.72 5.65 1.09 8.21 44.95 0.00 44.95
15 15.19 5.73 1.68 0.11 0.04 4.70 3.72 5.88 1.13 8.54 46.71 0.00 46.71
20 15.80 6.08 1.99 0.11 0.04 4.70 3.72 6.12 1.18 8.90 48.66 0.00 48.66
25 16.52 6.49 2.31 0.11 0.05 4.70 3.72 6.39 1.23 9.29 50.81 0.00 50.81
30 17.36 6.95 2.62 0.11 0.06 4.70 3.72 6.68 1.29 9.71 53.21 0.00 53.21
35 18.35 7.48 2.94 0.11 0.06 4.70 3.72 7.00 1.35 10.18 55.90 0.00 55.90
40 19.53 8.10 3.25 0.11 0.07 4.70 3.72 7.36 1.42 10.69 58.95 0.00 58.95
45 20 .94 8.84 3.57 0.11 0.08 4.70 3.72 7.75 1.49 11.26 62.45 0.00 62.45
50 22.64 9.71 3.88 0.11 0.08 4.70 3.72 8.18 1.58 11.89 66.49 0.00 66.49
271
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table voe MeV 13
Economic Cost of Operation of Mev on Intermediate Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 7000
0 14.28 5.00 0.81 0.12 0.02 5.42 4.28 5.32 1.02 7.73 44.00 0.00 44.00
5 14.69 5.27 1.13 0.12 0.02 5.42 4.28 5.52 1.06 8.02 45.53 0.00 45.53
10 15.17 5.57 1.44 0.12 0.03 5.42 4.28 5.74 1.10 8.34 47.21 0.00 47.21
15 15.73 5.90 1.76 0.12 0.04 5.42 4.28 5.97 1.15 8.68 49.04 0.00 49.04
20 16.38 6.28 2.07 0.12 0.04 5.42 4.28 6.22 1.20 9.05 51.07 0.00 51 .07
25 17.14 6.71 2.39 0.12 0.05 5.42 4.28 6.50 1.25 9.45 53.32 0.00 53.32
30 18.04 7.21 2.70 0.12 0.06 5.42 4.28 6.81 1.31 9.89 55.84 0.00 55.84
35 19.10 7.78 3.02 0.12 0.06 5.42 4.28 7.14 1.38 10.38 58.67 0.00 58.67
40 20.36 8.46 3.33 0.12 0.07 5.42 4.28 7.51 1.45 10.91 61 .90 0.00 61 .90
45 21.88 9.26 3.65 0.12 0.08 5.42 4.28 7.91 1.52 11.50 65.61 0.00 65.61
50 23.72 10.23 3.96 0.12 0.08 5.42 4.28 8.37 1.61 12.16 69.94 0.00 69.94
Table voe MeV 14

Economic Cost of Operation of MeV on Intermediate Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 8000
0 14.75 5.13 0.89 0.12 0.02 6.24 4.94 5.39 1.04 7.84 46 .36 0.00 46.36
5 15.18 5.42 1.21 0.12 0.02 6.24 4.94 5.60 1.08 8.14 47.95 0.00 47.95
10 15.69 5.73 1.52 0.12 0.03 6.24 4.94 5.83 1.12 8.47 49.69 0.00 49.69
15 16.28 6.09 1.84 0.12 0.04 6.24 4.94 6.07 1.17 8.82 51.60 0.00 51.60
20 16.98 6.50 2.15 0.12 0.04 6.24 4.94 6.33 1.22 9.20 53.72 0.00 53.72
25 17.79 6.96 2.47 0.12 0.05 6.24 4.94 6.62 1.27 9.62 56.07 0.00 56.07
30 18.75 7.49 2.78 0.12 0.06 6.24 4.94 6.93 1.34 10.08 58.72 0.00 58.72
35 19.89 8.11 3.10 0.12 0.06 6.24 4.94 7.28 1.40 10.58 61.71 0.00 61.71
40 21 .24 8.85 3.41 0.12 0.07 6.24 4.94 7.66 1.48 11 .14 65.13 0.00 65.13
45 22.87 9.73 3.73 0.12 0.08 6.24 4.94 8.08 1.56 11.75 69 .09 0.00 69.09
50 24.86 10.80 4.04 0.12 0.08 6.24 4.94 8.56 1.65 12.44 73.73 0.00 73.73
272
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC MCV 15
Economic Cost of Operation of MCV on Two Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness= 2000
0 11.60 3.89 0.38 0.09 0.02 2.33 1.84 4.72 0.91 6.87 32.65 1.56 34.22
5 11.85 4.05 0.70 0.09 0.02 2.33 1.84 4.89 0.94 7.11 33.83 1.62 35.45
10 12.15 4.22 1.01 0.09 0.03 2.33 1.84 5.07 0.98 7.37 35.11 1.68 36 .79
15 12.51 4.41 1.33 0.09 0.04 2.33 1.84 5.27 1.01 7.66 36.50 1.74 38.24
20 12.94 4.62 1.64 0.09 0.04 2.33 1.84 5.48 1.06 7.96 38.01 1.81 39.82
25 13.44 4.85 1.96 0.09 0.05 2.33 1.84 5.71 1.10 8.29 39.67 1.89 41.55
30 14.03 5.11 2.27 0.09 0.06 2.33 1.84 5.95 1.15 8.65 41.49 1.97 43.46
35 14.73 5.39 2.59 0.09 0.06 2.33 1.84 6.22 1.20 9.05 43.50 2.06 45.56
40 15.55 5.70 2.90 0.09 0.07 2.33 1.84 6.52 1.26 9.48 45.74 2.15 47.90
45 16.52 6.05 3.22 0.09 0.08 2.33 1.84 6.84 1.32 9.95 48.26 2.26 50.52
50 17.69 6.45 3.53 0.09 0.08 2.33 1.84 7.20 1.39 10.47 51.09 2.38 53.47
Table VOC MCV 16

Roughness= 3000
0 12.00 3.97 0.45 0.10 0.02 2.69 2.13 4.79 0.92 6.96 34.01 1.58 35.60
5 12.27 4.13 0.76 0.10 0.02 2.69 2.13 4.96 0.96 7.21 35.23 1.64 36.87
10 12.60 4.32 1.08 0.10 0.03 2.69 2.13 5.15 0.99 7.48 36.55 1.70 38.25
15 12.98 4.52 1.39 0.10 0.04 2.69 2.13 5.35 1.03 7.78 37.99 1.77 39.76
20 13.44 4.74 1.71 0.10 0.04 2.69 2.13 5.57 1.07 8.09 39.56 1.84 41.40
25 13.97 4.98 2.02 0.10 0.05 2.69 2.13 5.80 1.12 8.43 41.28 1.92 43.20
30 14.60 5.24 2.33 0.10 0.06 2.69 2.13 6.06 1.17 8.81 43.18 2.00 45.18
35 15.35 5.54 2.65 0.10 0.06 2.69 2.13 6.34 1.22 9.21 45.28 2.09 47.37
40 16.23 5.88 2.96 0.10 0.07 2.69 2.13 6.64 1.28 9.66 47.63 2.20 49.82
45 17.27 6.25 3.28 0.10 0.08 2.69 2.13 6.98 1.35 10.15 50.27 2.31 52.57
50 18.52 6.68 3.59 0.10 0.08 2.69 2.13 7.36 1.42 10.70 53.26 2.43 55.69
273
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC MCV 17
Roughness= 4000
0 12.41 4.05 0.51 0.10 0.02 3.09 2.45 4.86 0.94 7.06 35.48 1.60 37.09
5 12.71 4.23 0.82 0.10 0.02 3.09 2.45 5.03 0.97 7.32 36.74 1.66 38.41
10 13.05 4.42 1.14 0.10 0.03 3.09 2.45 5.23 1.01 7.60 38.11 1.73 39.84
15 13.46 4.63 1.45 0.10 0.04 3.09 2.45 5.43 1.05 7.90 39.60 1.80 41.39
20 13.95 4.86 1.77 0.10 0.04 3.09 2.45 5.66 1.09 8.22 41.23 1.87 43.10
25 14.52 5.11 2.08 0.10 0.05 3.09 2.45 5.90 1.14 8.58 43.02 1.95 44.97
30 15.19 5.39 2.40 0.10 0.06 3.09 2.45 6.17 1.19 8.96 45.00 2.04 47.03
35 15.99 5.71 2.71 0.10 0.06 3.09 2.45 6.46 1.24 9.38 47.19 2.13 49.33
40 16.93 6.06 3.03 0.10 0.07 3.09 2.45 6.77 1.31 9.85 49.66 2.24 51.89
45 18.05 6.46 3.34 0.10 0.08 3.09 2.45 7.13 1.37 10.36 52.43 2.36 54.79
50 19.40 6.92 3.66 0.10 0.08 3.09 2.45 7.52 1.45 10.93 55.59 2.48 58.08
Table VOC MCV 18

Roughness = 5000
0 12.83 4.14 0.57 0.11 0.02 3.56 2.82 4.92 0.95 7.16 37.08 1.63 38.71
5 13.15 4.32 0.89 0.11 0.02 3.56 2.82 5.11 0.98 7.43 38.38 1.69 40.07
10 13.52 4.52 1.20 0.11 0.03 3.56 2.82 5.31 1.02 7.71 39.80 1.75 41.55
15 13.96 4.74 1.52 0.11 0.04 3.56 2.82 5.52 1.06 8.02 41.34 1.82 43 .17
20 14.48 4.98 1.83 0.11 0.04 3.56 2.82 5.75 1.11 8.36 43.04 1.90 44.94
25 15.08 5.25 2.14 0.11 0.05 3.56 2.82 6.00 1.16 8.72 44.90 1.98 46.88
30 15.80 5.55 2.46 0.11 0.06 3.56 2.82 6.28 1.21 9.12 46.96 2.07 49.04
35 16.65 5.88 2.77 0.11 0.06 3.56 2.82 6.58 1.27 9.56 49.27 2.17 51.44
40 17.66 6.26 3.09 0.11 0.07 3.56 2.82 6.91 1.33 10.04 51.85 2.28 54.13
45 18.87 6.69 3.40 0.11 0.08 3.56 2.82 7.28 1.40 10.58 54 .77 2.40 57.18
50 20.32 7.18 3.72 0.11 0.08 3.56 2.82 7.68 1.48 11.17 58.12 2.54 60.66
274
IRC :SP:30-2019
Table VOC MCV 19
Economic Cost of Operation of MCV on Two Lane Roads {Rs/km)
Roughness= 6000
0 13.26 4.23 0.63 0.11 0.02 4.10 3.25 5.00 0.96 7.26 38.82 1.65 40.47
5 13.60 4.42 0.95 0.11 0.02 4.10 3.25 5.18 1.00 7.54 40.17 1.71 41.88
10 14.00 4.63 1.26 0.11 0.03 4.10 3.25 5.39 1.04 7.83 41.64 1.78 43.42
15 14.46 4.86 1.58 0.11 0.04 4.10 3.25 5.61 1.08 8.15 43.24 1.85 45.09
20 15.02 5.11 1.89 0.11 0.04 4.10 3.25 5.85 1.13 8.50 45.00 1.93 46.93
25 15.67 5.40 2.21 0.11 0.05 4.10 3.25 6.11 1.18 8.88 46.94 2.02 48.96
30 16.43 5.71 2.52 0.11 0.06 4.10 3.25 6.39 1.23 9.29 49.10 2.11 51.21
35 17.34 6.07 2.84 0.11 0.06 4.10 3.25 6.71 1.29 9.75 51.51 2.22 53.73
40 18.42 6.47 3.15 0.11 0.07 4.10 3.25 7.05 1.36 10.25 54.23 2.33 56.56
45 19.72 6.93 3.47 0.11 0.08 4.10 3.25 7.43 1.43 10.80 57.32 2.46 59.77
50 21.29 7.45 3.78 0.11 0.08 4.10 3.25 7.86 1.51 11.42 60.86 2.60 63.46
Table VOC MCV 20

Economic Cost of Operation of MCV on Four Lane Divided Roads {Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 9.96 3.89 0.38 0.09 0.02 2.33 1.84 3.23 0.62 4.69 27.06 4.45 31.52
5 9.86 4.05 0.70 0.09 0.02 2.33 1.84 3.36 0.65 4.88 27.78 4.63 32.41
10 9.80 4.22 1.01 0.09 0.03 2.33 1.84 3.49 0.67 5.08 28.58 4.82 33.40
15 9.79 4.41 1.33 0.09 0.04 2.33 1.84 3.64 0.70 5.29 29.48 5.02 34.50
20 9.83 4.62 1.64 0.09 0.04 2.33 1.84 3.80 0.73 5.53 30.48 5.25 35.72
25 9.93 4.85 1.96 0.09 0.05 2.33 1.84 3.98 0.77 5.79 31.59 5.49 37.08
30 10.09 5.11 2.27 0.09 0.06 2.33 1.84 4.18 0.80 6.07 32.85 5.76 38.61
35 10.33 5.39 2.59 0.09 0.06 2.33 1.84 4.39 0.85 6.38 34.26 6.05 40.31
40 10.67 5.70 2.90 0.09 0.07 2.33 1.84 4.63 0.89 6.73 35.86 6.38 42.24
45 11.11 6.05 3.22 0.09 0.08 2.33 1.84 4.89 0.94 7.11 37.67 6.75 44.42
50 11.68 6.45 3.53 0.09 0.08 2.33 1.84 5.19 1.00 7.54 39.75 7.16 46.90
275
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC MCV 21
Economic Cost of Operation of MCV on Four Lane Divided Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 3000
0 10.22 3.97 0.45 0.10 0.02 2.69 2.13 3.28 0.63 4.77 28.24 4.52 32.76
5 10.14 4.13 0.76 0.10 0.02 2.69 2.13 3.41 0.66 4.96 28.99 4.70 33.70
10 10.10 4.32 1.08 0.10 0.03 2.69 2.13 3.55 0.68 5.16 29.83 4.90 34.73
15 10.11 4.52 1.39 0.10 0.04 2.69 2.13 3.71 0.71 5.39 30.77 5.11 35.88
20 10.17 4.74 1.71 0.10 0.04 2.69 2.13 3.87 0.75 5.63 31.82 5.34 37.16
25 10.30 4.98 2.02 0.10 0.05 2.69 2.13 4.06 0.78 5.90 32.99 5.59 38.58
30 10.49 5.24 2.33 0.10 0.06 2.69 2.13 4.26 0.82 6.19 34.31 5.87 40.18
35 10.77 5.54 2.65 0.10 0.06 2.69 2.13 4.48 0.86 6.52 35.79 6.18 41.97
40 11.14 5.88 2.96 0.10 0.07 2.69 2.13 4.73 0.91 6.88 37.48 6.52 44.00
45 11.63 6.25 3.28 0.1 0 0.08 2.69 2.1 3 5.01 0.96 7.28 39.39 6.90 46.30
50 12.26 6.68 3.59 0.10 0.08 2.69 2.13 5.32 1.02 7.73 41.60 7.33 48.93
Table VOC MCV 22

Economic Cost of Operation of MCV on Four Lane Divided Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 4000
0 10.50 4.05 0.51 0.10 0.02 3.09 2.45 3.33 0.64 4.84 29.53 4.59 34.12
5 10.43 4.23 0.82 0.10 0.02 3.09 2.45 3.47 0.67 5.04 30.32 4.78 35.10
10 10.41 4.42 1.14 0.10 0.03 3.09 2.45 3.61 0.70 5.25 31.20 4.98 36.18
15 10.44 4.63 1.45 0.10 0.04 3.09 2.45 3.77 0.73 5.48 32.18 5.20 37.38
20 10.53 4.86 1.77 0.10 0.04 3.09 2.45 3.94 0.76 5.73 33.28 5.44 38.71
25 10.68 5.11 2.08 0.10 0.05 3.09 2.45 4.14 0.80 6.01 34.51 5.70 40.21
30 10.90 5.39 2.40 0.10 0.06 3.09 2.45 4.35 0.84 6.32 35.89 5.99 41.88
35 11.22 5.71 2.71 0.1 0 0.06 3.09 2.45 4.58 0.88 6.66 37.46 6.31 43.77
40 11.63 6.06 3.03 0.10 0.07 3.09 2.45 4.84 0.93 7.03 39.23 6.67 45.90
45 12.17 6.46 3.34 0.10 0.08 3.09 2.45 5.13 0.99 7.45 41.26 7.07 48 .33
50 12.87 6.92 3.66 0.10 0.08 3.09 2.45 5.45 1.05 7.93 43 .60 7.52 51.12
276
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC MCV 23
Economic Cost of Operation of MCV on Six Lane Divided Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 9.99 3.03 0.34 0.09 0.02 1.97 1.56 3.14 0.60 4.56 25.32 4.33 29.64
5 9.86 3.13 0.66 0.09 0.02 1.97 1.56 3.26 0.63 4.74 25.92 4.49 30.41
10 9.77 3.23 0.97 0.09 0.03 1.97 1.56 3.39 0.65 4.93 26.60 4.67 31.27
15 9.72 3.34 1.29 0.09 0.04 1.97 1.56 3.53 0.68 5.13 27.35 4.86 32.22
20 9.72 3.46 1.60 0.09 0.04 1.97 1.56 3.68 0.71 5.35 28.19 5.07 33.27
25 9.78 3.59 1.92 0.09 0.05 1.97 1.56 3.85 0.74 5.59 29.13 5.30 34.44
30 9.89 3.72 2.23 0.09 0.06 1.97 1.56 4.03 0.78 5.85 30.18 5.55 35.74
35 10.07 3.87 2.55 0.09 0.06 1.97 1.56 4.23 0.81 6.14 31.36 5.83 37.19
40 10.33 4.03 2.86 0.09 0.07 1.97 1.56 4.44 0.86 6.46 32.69 6.13 38.81
45 10.69 4.20 3.17 0.09 0.08 1.97 1.56 4.69 0.90 6.82 34.18 6.46 40.65
50 11.16 4.39 3.49 0.09 0.08 1.97 1.56 4.96 0.96 7.21 35.88 6.84 42.72
Table VOC MCV 24

Roughness= 3000
0 10.24 3.08 0.38 0.10 0.02 2.27 1.80 3.19 0.61 4.63 26.33 4.39 30.72
5 10.13 3.18 0.70 0.10 0.02 2.27 1.80 3.31 0.64 4.81 26.96 4.56 31 .52
10 10.06 3.28 1.01 0.10 0.03 2.27 1.80 3.44 0.66 5.00 27.67 4.75 32.41
15 10.03 3.40 1.33 0.10 0.04 2.27 1.80 3.59 0.69 5.21 28.46 4.95 33.40
20 10.05 3.52 1.64 0.10 0.04 2.27 1.80 3.74 0.72 5.44 29.34 5.16 34.50
25 10.12 3.65 1.96 0.10 0.05 2.27 1.80 3.92 0.75 5.69 30.32 5.40 35.72
30 10.26 3.80 2.27 0.10 0.06 2.27 1.80 4.10 0.79 5.97 31.42 5.66 37.08
35 10.48 3.95 2.59 0.10 0.06 2.27 1.80 4.31 0.83 6.27 32.65 5.94 38.60
40 10.78 4.11 2.90 0.10 0.07 2.27 1.80 4.54 0.87 6.60 34.05 6.26 40 .30
45 11.17 4.30 3.22 0.10 0.08 2.27 1.80 4.79 0.92 6.97 35.62 6.61 42.23
50 11 .69 4.49 3.53 0.10 0.08 2.27 1.80 5.08 0.98 7.38 37.41 7.00 44.41
277
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC MCV 25
Roughness = 4000
0 10.50 3.13 0.43 0.10 0.02 2.62 2.07 3.23 0.62 4.70 27.43 4.46 31.89
5 10.41 3.23 0.74 0.10 0.02 2.62 2.07 3.36 0.65 4.89 28.09 4.63 32.73
10 10.35 3.34 1.06 0.10 0.03 2.62 2.07 3.50 0.67 5.09 28.83 4.82 33.66
15 10.34 3.46 1.37 0.10 0.04 2.62 2.07 3.65 0.70 5.30 29.66 5.03 34.69
20 10.38 3.59 1.68 0.10 0.04 2.62 2.07 3.81 0.73 5.54 30.58 5.25 35.83
25 10.48 3.72 2.00 0.10 0.05 2.62 2.07 3.99 0.77 5.80 31.61 5.50 37.11
30 10.65 3.87 2.31 0.10 0.06 2.62 2.07 4.18 0.81 6.08 32.76 5.77 38.53
35 10.90 4.03 2.63 0.10 0.06 2.62 2.07 4.40 0.85 6.39 34.06 6.07 40.12
40 11.23 4.20 2.94 0.10 0.07 2.62 2.07 4.64 0.89 6.74 35.52 6.39 41.91
45 11.68 4.39 3.26 0.10 0.08 2.62 2.07 4.90 0.94 7.13 37.18 6.76 43.94
50 12.25 4.60 3.57 0.10 0.08 2.62 2.07 5.20 1.00 7.56 39.07 7.17 46.24
Table VOC MCV 26

Economic Cost of Operation of MCV on Four Lane Divided Expressways (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 9.96 3.89 0.38 0.09 0.02 2.33 1.84 3.23 0.62 4.70 27.07 4.46 31.52
5 9.86 4.05 0.70 0.09 0.02 2.33 1.84 3.36 0.65 4.88 27.79 4.63 32.42
10 9.80 4 .22 1.01 0.09 0.03 2.33 1.84 3.50 0.67 5.08 28.59 4.82 33.41
15 9.79 4.41 1.33 0.09 0.04 2.33 1.84 3.65 0.70 5.30 29.49 5.03 34.51
20 9.83 4.62 1.64 0.09 0.04 2.33 1.84 3.81 0.73 5.54 30.49 5.25 35.74
25 9.93 4.85 1.96 0.09 0.05 2.33 1.84 3.99 0.77 5.79 31.61 5.49 37 .10
30 10.10 5.11 2.27 0.09 0.06 2.33 1.84 4.18 0.81 6.08 32.86 5.76 38.63
35 10.34 5.39 2.59 0.09 0.06 2.33 1.84 4.39 0.85 6.39 34.28 6.06 40.34
40 10.68 5.70 2.90 0.09 0.07 2.33 1.84 4.63 0.89 6.73 35.88 6.39 42.27
45 11.12 6.05 3.22 0.09 0.08 2.33 1.84 4.90 0.94 7.12 37.70 6.75 44.45
50 11.69 6.45 3.53 0.09 0.08 2.33 1.84 5.20 1.00 7.55 39.78 7.16 46.94
278
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC MCV 27
Roughness = 3000
0 10.22 3.97 0.45 0.10 0.02 2.69 2.13 3.28 0.63 4.77 28.25 4.52 32 .77
5 10.14 4.13 0.76 0.10 0.02 2.69 2.13 3.41 0.66 4.96 29.00 4.71 33.71
10 10.10 4.32 1.08 0.10 0.03 2.69 2.13 3.55 0.68 5.17 29.84 4.90 34.74
15 10.11 4.52 1.39 0.10 0.04 2.69 2.13 3.71 0.71 5.39 30.78 5.11 35.89
20 10.18 4.74 1.71 0.10 0.04 2.69 2.13 3.88 0.75 5.64 31.83 5.35 37.17
25 10.30 4.98 2.02 0.10 0.05 2.69 2.13 4.06 0.78 5.90 33 .00 5.60 38.60
30 10.50 5.24 2.33 0.10 0.06 2.69 2.13 4.26 0.82 6.20 34.32 5.88 40.20
35 10.77 5.54 2.65 0.10 0.06 2.69 2.13 4.49 0.86 6.52 35.81 6.19 42.00
40 11.15 5.88 2.96 0.10 0.07 2.69 2.13 4.74 0.91 6.88 37.50 6.53 44.03
45 11 .64 6.25 3.28 0.10 0.08 2.69 2.13 5.01 0.97 7.29 39.42 6.91 46.33
50 12.27 6.68 3.59 0.10 0.08 2.69 2.13 5.33 1.03 7.74 41.63 7.34 48.97
Table VOC MCV 28

Roughness = 4000
0 10.50 4.05 0.51 0.10 0.02 3.09 2.45 3.33 0.64 4.84 29.54 4.60 34.13
5 10.43 4.23 0.82 0.10 0.02 3.09 2.45 3.47 0.67 5.04 30 .33 4.78 35.11
10 10.41 4.42 1.14 0.10 0.03 3.09 2.45 3.61 0.70 5.25 31.21 4.98 36.19
15 10.44 4.63 1.45 0.10 0.04 3.09 2.45 3.77 0.73 5.49 32.19 5.20 37.39
20 10.53 4.86 1.77 0.10 0.04 3.09 2.45 3.95 0.76 5.74 33.29 5.44 38.73
25 10.68 5.11 2.08 0.10 0.05 3.09 2.45 4.14 0.80 6.02 34.52 5.71 40 .23
30 10.91 5.39 2.40 0.10 0.06 3.09 2.45 4.35 0.84 6.32 35.91 6.00 41.91
35 11 .22 5.71 2.71 0.10 0.06 3.09 2.45 4.58 0.88 6.66 37.48 6.32 43.80
40 11 .64 6.06 3.03 0.10 0.07 3.09 2.45 4.84 0.93 7.04 39.26 6.68 45 .93
45 12.19 6.46 3.34 0.10 0.08 3.09 2.45 5.13 0.99 7.46 41.29 7.08 48 .37
50 12.88 6.92 3.66 0.10 0.08 3.09 2.45 5.46 1.05 7.94 43.64 7.53 51 .16
279
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC MCV 29
Economic Cost of Operation of MCV on Six Lane Divided Expressways (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 9.99 3.03 0.34 0.09 0.02 1.97 1.56 3.14 0.61 4.57 25.32 4.33 29.65
5 9.86 3.13 0.66 0.09 0.02 1.97 1.56 3.26 0.63 4.74 25.93 4.50 30.42
10 9.77 3.23 0.97 0.09 0.03 1.97 1.56 3.39 0.65 4.93 26.60 4.68 31.28
15 9.72 3.34 1.29 0.09 0.04 1.97 1.56 3.53 0.68 5.13 27.36 4.87 32.23
20 9.72 3.46 1.60 0.09 0.04 1.97 1.56 3.68 0.71 5.35 28.20 5.08 33 .28
25 9.78 3.59 1.92 0.09 0.05 1.97 1.56 3.85 0.74 5.59 29.15 5.31 34.45
30 9.89 3.72 2.23 0.09 0.06 1.97 1.56 4.03 0.78 5.86 30 .20 5.56 35.75
35 10.08 3.87 2.55 0.09 0.06 1.97 1.56 4.23 0.81 6.15 31.38 5.83 37.21
40 10.34 4.03 2.86 0.09 0.07 1.97 1.56 4.45 0.86 6.47 32.70 6.14 38 .84
45 10.70 4.20 3.17 0.09 0.08 1.97 1.56 4.69 0.90 6.82 34.20 6.47 40.68
50 11.17 4.39 3.49 0.09 0.08 1.97 1.56 4.97 0.96 7.22 35.91 6.85 42.75
Table VOC MCV 30

Economic Cost of Operation of MCV on Six Lane Divided Expressways (Rs/km)
Roughness = 3000
0 10.24 3.08 0.38 0.10 0.02 2.27 1.80 3.19 0.61 4.64 26 .33 4.40 30.73
5 10.13 3.18 0.70 0.10 0.02 2.27 1.80 3.31 0.64 4.81 26 .97 4.57 31.53
10 10.06 3.28 1.01 0.10 0.03 2.27 1.80 3.45 0.66 5.01 27.68 4.75 32.43
15 10.03 3.40 1.33 0.10 0.04 2.27 1.80 3.59 0.69 5.22 28.47 4.95 33.42
20 10.05 3.52 1.64 0.10 0.04 2.27 1.80 3.75 0.72 5.45 29.35 5.17 34.51
25 10.13 3.65 1.96 0.10 0.05 2.27 1.80 3.92 0.75 5.70 30.33 5.40 35 .74
30 10.27 3.80 2.27 0.10 0.06 2.27 1.80 4.11 0.79 5.97 31.44 5.66 37.10
35 10.48 3.95 2.59 0.10 0.06 2.27 1.80 4.31 0.83 6.27 32.67 5.95 38.62
40 10.78 4.11 2.90 0.10 0.07 2.27 1.80 4.54 0.88 6.61 34.07 6.27 40.33
45 11.18 4.30 3.22 0.10 0.08 2.27 1.80 4.80 0.92 6.98 35.64 6.62 42.26
50 11 .71 4.49 3.53 0.10 0.08 2.27 1.80 5.08 0.98 7.39 37.44 7.01 44.45
280
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC MCV 31
Economic Cost of Operation of MCV on Six Lane Divided Expressways {Rs/km)
Roughness = 4000
0 10.50 3.13 0.43 0.10 0.02 2.62 2.07 3.24 0.62 4.71 27.44 4.46 31.90
5 10.41 3.23 0.74 0.10 0.02 2.62 2.07 3.36 0.65 4.89 28.10 4.64 32 .74
10 10.35 3.34 1.06 0.10 0.03 2.62 2.07 3.50 0.67 5.09 28.84 4.83 33.67
15 10.34 3.46 1.37 0.10 0.04 2.62 2.07 3.65 0.70 5.31 29.67 5.03 34.70
20 10.39 3.59 1.68 0.10 0.04 2.62 2.07 3.81 0.73 5.54 30.59 5.26 35.85
25 10.49 3.72 2.00 0.10 0.05 2.62 2.07 3.99 0.77 5.80 31.62 5.50 37.13
30 10.66 3.87 2.31 0.10 0.06 2.62 2.07 4.19 0.81 6.09 32.78 5.77 38.55
35 10.91 4.03 2.63 0.10 0.06 2.62 2.07 4.40 0.85 6.40 34.08 6.07 40.15
40 11.24 4.20 2.94 0.10 0.07 2.62 2.07 4.64 0.89 6.75 35.54 6.40 41.94
45 11.69 4.39 3.26 0.10 0.08 2.62 2.07 4.91 0.95 7.14 37.20 6.77 43.97
50 12.27 4.60 3.57 0.10 0.08 2.62 2.07 5.21 1.00 7.57 39.10 7.18 46.28
Table VOC MCV 32

Economic Cost of Operation of MCV on Eight Lane Divided Urban Expressways {Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 10.04 2.48 0.32 0.09 0.02 1.82 1.44 3.06 0.59 4.44 24.29 4.21 28.51
5 9.88 2.55 0.64 0.09 0.02 1.82 1.44 3.17 0.61 4.61 24.82 4.37 29.19
10 9.76 2.61 0.95 0.09 0.03 1.82 1.44 3.29 0.63 4.78 25.42 4.54 29.96
15 9.68 2.69 1.27 0.09 0.04 1.82 1.44 3.42 0.66 4.98 26.08 4.72 30.80
20 9.65 2.76 1.58 0.09 0.04 1.82 1.44 3.57 0.69 5.18 26.82 4.92 31.74
25 9.66 2.84 1.90 0.09 0.05 1.82 1.44 3.72 0.72 5.41 27.65 5.13 32.78
30 9.73 2.93 2.21 0.09 0.06 1.82 1.44 3.89 0.75 5.66 28.57 5.36 33.93
35 9.86 3.02 2.52 0.09 0.06 1.82 1.44 4.08 0.79 5.93 29.60 5.62 35.22
40 10.06 3.11 2.84 0.09 0.07 1.82 1.44 4.28 0.82 6.22 30.76 5.90 36.66
45 10.35 3.22 3.15 0.09 0.08 1.82 1.44 4.51 0.87 6.55 32.07 6.21 38.28
50 10.73 3.33 3.47 0.09 0.08 1.82 1.44 4.76 0.92 6.91 33.54 6.56 40.10
281
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC MCV 33
Economic Cost of Operation of MCV on Eight Lane Divided Urban Expressways (Rs/km)
Roughness = 3000
0 10.28 2.51 0.35 0.10 0.02 2.09 1.66 3.10 0.60 4.51 25.22 4.28 29.49
5 10.14 2.58 0.67 0.10 0.02 2.09 1.66 3.22 0.62 4.68 25.77 4.44 30.21
10 10.04 2.65 0.98 0.10 0.03 2.09 1.66 3.34 0.64 4.86 26.39 4.61 31.00
15 9.97 2.72 1.30 0.10 0.04 2.09 1.66 3.48 0.67 5.06 27.09 4.80 31.88
20 9.96 2.80 1.61 0.10 0.04 2.09 1.66 3.63 0.70 5.27 27.86 5.00 32.86
25 9.99 2.89 1.93 0.10 0.05 2.09 1.66 3.79 0.73 5.51 28.72 5.22 33.95
30 10.09 2.97 2.24 0.10 0.06 2.09 1.66 3.96 0.76 5.76 29.69 5.46 35.15
35 10.24 3.07 2.56 0.10 0.06 2.09 1.66 4.16 0.80 6.04 30.77 5.73 36.50
40 10.48 3.17 2.87 0.10 0.07 2.09 1.66 4.37 0.84 6.35 31.99 6.02 38.01
45 10.80 3.27 3.19 0.10 0.08 2.09 1.66 4.60 0.89 6.69 33.36 6.35 39.70
50 11.23 3.39 3.50 0.10 0.08 2.09 1.66 4.86 0.94 7.07 34.91 6.71 41.62
Table VOC MCV 34

Economic Cost of Operation of MCV on Eight Lane Divided Urban Expressways (Rs/km)
Roughness = 4000
0 10.53 2.55 0.38 0.10 0.02 2.41 1.91 3.15 0.61 4.57 26.23 4.34 30.57
5 10.41 2.62 0.70 0.10 0.02 2.41 1.91 3.27 0.63 4.75 26.81 4.50 31.31
10 10.32 2.69 1.01 0.10 0.03 2.41 1.91 3.40 0.65 4.94 27.46 4.68 32.14
15 10.27 2.76 1.33 0.10 0.04 2.41 1.91 3.54 0.68 5.14 28.18 4.88 33.06
20 10.28 2.84 1.64 0.10 0.04 2.41 1.91 3.69 0.71 5.36 28.99 5.09 34.08
25 10.33 2.93 1.96 0.10 0.05 2.41 1.91 3.86 0.74 5.60 29.89 5.32 35.21
30 10.45 3.02 2.27 0.10 0.06 2.41 1.91 4.04 0.78 5.87 30 .91 5.57 36.47
35 10.64 3.12 2.59 0.10 0.06 2.41 1.91 4.24 0.82 6.16 32.04 5.84 37.88
40 10.91 3.22 2.90 0.10 0.07 2.41 1.91 4.46 0.86 6.48 33.31 6.15 39.46
45 11.27 3.33 3.22 0.10 0.08 2.41 1.91 4.70 0.91 6.84 34.76 6.49 41.24
50 11.74 3.45 3.53 0.10 0.08 2.41 1.91 4 .98 0.96 7.24 36.39 6.86 43.26
282
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC MCV 35
Financial Cost of Operation of MCV on Single Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 30.75 7.59 1.01 0.19 0.04 6.43 5.09 6.36 1.83 7.74 67.02 0.00 67.02
5 31.61 8.03 1.65 0.19 0.05 6.43 5.09 6.58 1.89 8.00 69.52 0.00 69.52
10 32.60 8.51 2.29 0.19 0.06 6.43 5.09 6.81 1.96 8.29 72.24 0.00 72.24
15 33.75 9.06 2.94 0.19 0.08 6.43 5.09 7.06 2.03 8.59 75.22 0.00 75.22
20 35.08 9.68 3.58 0.19 0.09 6.43 5.09 7.33 2.11 8.92 78.51 0.00 78 .51
25 36.62 10.40 4.22 0.19 0.10 6.43 5.09 7.62 2.19 9.27 82.14 0.00 82.14
30 38.39 11.23 4.87 0.19 0.12 6.43 5.09 7.94 2.28 9.66 86 .20 0.00 86.20
35 40.46 12.20 5.51 0.19 0.13 6.43 5.09 8.28 2.38 10.07 90.75 0.00 90.75
40 42.87 13.36 6.15 0.19 0.15 6.43 5.09 8.65 2.49 10.53 95.91 0.00 95 .91
45 45.70 14.76 6.80 0.19 0.16 6.43 5.09 9.06 2.61 11.03 101.83 0.00 101 .83
50 49.05 16.49 7.44 0.19 0.17 6.43 5.09 9.51 2.74 11.57 108.69 0.00 108.69
Table VOC MCV 36

Roughness = 3000
0 31 .82 7.81 1.24 0.20 0.04 7.41 5.86 6.44 1.85 7.84 70.51 0.00 70.51
5 32.73 8.26 1.89 0.20 0.05 7.41 5.86 6.67 1.92 8.11 73.10 0.00 73.10
10 33.78 8.78 2.53 0.20 0.06 7.41 5.86 6.91 1.99 8.40 75.93 0.00 75 .93
15 35.00 9.36 3.17 0.20 0.08 7.41 5.86 7.16 2.06 8.72 79.03 0.00 79.03
20 36.41 10.03 3.82 0.20 0.09 7.41 5.86 7.44 2.14 9.06 82.46 0.00 82.46
25 38.03 10.80 4.46 0.20 0.10 7.41 5.86 7.74 2.23 9.42 86.27 0.00 86.27
30 39.92 11 .70 5.11 0.20 0.12 7.41 5.86 8.07 2.32 9.82 90.53 0.00 90.53
35 42.11 12.76 5.75 0.20 0.13 7.41 5.86 8.42 2.42 10.25 95.33 0.00 95.33
40 44.68 14.04 6.39 0.20 0.15 7.41 5.86 8.81 2.54 10.72 100.80 0.00 100.80
45 47.71 15.59 7.04 0.20 0.16 7.41 5.86 9.23 2.66 11.24 107.10 0.00 107.10
50 51 .31 17.53 7.68 0.20 0.17 7.41 5.86 9.70 2.79 11.81 114.46 0.00 114.46
283
I RC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC MCV 37
Roughness = 4000
0 32.91 8.03 1.48 0.21 0.04 8.53 6.75 6.53 1.88 7.95 74.31 0.00 74.31
5 33.87 8.52 2.13 0.21 0.05 8.53 6.75 6.76 1.95 8.23 76.99 0.00 76.99
10 34.99 9.07 2.77 0.21 0.06 8.53 6.75 7.01 2.02 8.53 79.94 0.00 79.94
15 36.28 9.69 3.41 0.21 0.08 8.53 6.75 7.27 2.09 8.85 83.17 0.00 83.17
20 37.77 10.41 4.06 0.21 0.09 8.53 6.75 7.56 2.18 9.20 86.75 0.00 86.75
25 39.49 11.24 4.70 0.21 0.10 8.53 6.75 7.87 2.27 9.58 90.74 0.00 90.74
30 41.50 12.22 5.34 0.21 0.12 8.53 6.75 8.21 2.36 9.99 95.22 0.00 95.22
35 43.83 13.38 5.99 0.21 0.13 8.53 6.75 8.57 2.47 10.43 100.30 0.00 100.30
40 46.57 14.78 6.63 0.21 0.15 8.53 6.75 8.97 2.58 10.92 106.10 0.00 106.10
45 49.81 16.52 7.27 0.21 0.16 8.53 6.75 9.42 2.71 11.46 112.84 0.00 112.84
50 53.67 18.72 7.92 0.21 0.17 8.53 6.75 9.90 2.85 12.05 120.77 0.00 120.77
Table VOC MCV 38

Roughness = 5000
0 34.02 8.27 1.72 0.22 0.04 9.83 7.78 6.62 1.91 8.06 78.45 0.00 78.45
5 35.04 8.79 2.36 0.22 0.05 9.83 7.78 6.86 1.97 8.34 81.24 0.00 81 .24
10 36.22 9.37 3.01 0.22 0.06 9.83 7.78 7.11 2.05 8.65 84.30 0.00 84.30
15 37.59 10.04 3.65 0.22 0.08 9.83 7.78 7.38 2.13 8.99 87.68 0.00 87.68
20 39.17 10.82 4.29 0.22 0.09 9.83 7.78 7.68 2.21 9.35 91.43 0.00 91.43
25 41.00 11.72 4.94 0.22 0.10 9.83 7.78 8.00 2.30 9.74 95.62 0.00 95.62
30 43.13 12.78 5.58 0.22 0.12 9.83 7.78 8.35 2.40 10.16 100.34 0.00 100.34
35 45.61 14.06 6.22 0.22 0.13 9.83 7.78 8.73 2.51 10.62 105.71 0.00 105.71
40 48 .54 15.62 6.87 0.22 0.15 9.83 7.78 9.15 2.63 11.13 111.90 0.00 111.90
45 52.01 17.57 7.51 0.22 0.16 9.83 7.78 9.60 2.76 11.69 119.12 0.00 119.12
50 56.16 20.07 8.15 0.22 0.17 9.83 7.78 10.11 2.91 12.30 127.71 0.00 127.71
284
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC MCV 39
Roughness = 6000
0 35.15 8.53 1.96 0.23 0.04 11.32 8.96 6.71 1.93 8.17 82.99 0.00 82.99
5 36.23 9.08 2.60 0.23 0.05 11.32 8.96 6.96 2.00 8.46 85.89 0.00 85.89
10 37.49 9.70 3.24 0.23 0.06 11.32 8.96 7.22 2.08 8.78 89.08 0.00 89.08
15 38.93 10.42 3.89 0.23 0.08 11.32 8.96 7.50 2.16 9.13 92.61 0.00 92.61
20 40.61 11.25 4.53 0.23 0.09 11.32 8.96 7.80 2.25 9.50 96.54 0.00 96.54
25 42.55 12.23 5.17 0.23 0.10 11.32 8.96 8.14 2.34 9.90 100.94 0.00 100.94
30 44.81 13.40 5.82 0.23 0.12 11.32 8.96 8.50 2.45 10.34 105.93 0.00 105.93
35 47.46 14.81 6.46 0.23 0.13 11.32 8.96 8.89 2.56 10.82 111.63 0.00 111.63
40 50.59 16.55 7.11 0.23 0.15 11 .32 8.96 9.32 2.68 11.34 118.24 0.00 118.24
45 54.31 18.76 7.75 0.23 0.16 11.32 8.96 9.80 2.82 11.92 126.02 0.00 126.02
50 58.80 21.64 8.39 0.23 0.17 11.32 8.96 10.33 2.97 12.57 135.37 0.00 135.37
Table VOC MCV 40

Roughness = 7000
0 36.31 8.80 2.20 0.24 0.04 13.04 10.32 6.81 1.96 8.28 87.97 0.00 87.97
5 37.45 9.38 2.84 0.24 0.05 13.04 10.32 7.06 2.03 8.59 90.99 0.00 90.99
10 38.78 10.05 3.48 0.24 0.06 13.04 10.32 7.33 2.11 8.92 94.32 0.00 94.32
15 40.31 10.83 4.13 0.24 0.08 13.04 10.32 7.62 2.19 9.27 98.01 0.00 98.01
20 42.09 11.73 4.77 0.24 0.09 13.04 10.32 7.93 2.28 9.65 102.14 0.00 102.14
25 44.15 12.80 5.41 0.24 0.10 13.04 10.32 8.28 2.38 10.07 106.78 0.00 106.78
30 46.56 14.08 6.06 0.24 0.12 13.04 10.32 8.65 2.49 10.52 112.06 0.00 112.06
35 49.39 15.64 6.70 0.24 0.13 13.04 10.32 9.06 2.61 11.02 118.14 0.00 118.14
40 52.74 17.60 7.34 0.24 0.15 13.04 10.32 9.51 2.74 11.57 125.23 0.00 125.23
45 56.74 20.12 7.99 0.24 0.16 13.04 10.32 10.00 2.88 12.17 133.65 0.00 133.65
50 61.58 23.47 8.63 0.24 0.17 13.04 10.32 10.55 3.04 12.84 143.88 0.00 143.88
285
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC MCV 41
Roughness = 8000
0 37.49 9.09 2.43 0.24 0.04 15.02 11.88 6.90 1.99 8.40 93.48 0.00 93.48
5 38.70 9.71 3.08 0.24 0.05 15.02 11.88 7.16 2.06 8.72 96.62 0.00 96.62
10 40.11 10.43 3.72 0.24 0.06 15.02 11.88 7.44 2.14 9.05 100.10 0.00 100.10
15 41.73 11.27 4.36 0.24 0.08 15.02 11.88 7.74 2.23 9.42 103.97 0.00 103.97
20 43.61 12.25 5.01 0.24 0.09 15.02 11.88 8.07 2.32 9.82 108.31 0.00 108.31
25 45.81 13.42 5.65 0.24 0.10 15.02 11.88 8.42 2.42 10.25 113.21 0.00 113.21
30 48.37 14.83 6.29 0.24 0.12 15.02 11.88 8.81 2.54 10.72 118.82 0.00 118.82
35 51.40 16.58 6.94 0.24 0.13 15.02 11 .88 9.23 2.66 11.23 125.31 0.00 125.31
40 54.99 18.79 7.58 0.24 0.15 15.02 11.88 9.70 2.79 11.80 132.94 0.00 132.94
45 59.30 21.69 8.22 0.24 0.16 15.02 11.88 10.22 2.94 12.43 142.10 0.00 142.10
50 64.54 25.64 8.87 0.24 0.17 15.02 11.88 10.79 3.11 13.13 153.40 0.00 153.40
Table VOC MCV 42

Financial Cost of Operation of MCV on Intermediate Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 28.77 6.37 0.86 0.19 0.04 4.78 3.78 5.93 1.71 7.21 59.63 0.00 59.63
5 29.48 6.67 1.50 0.19 0.05 4.78 3.78 6.14 1.77 7.47 61 .82 0.00 61.82
10 30.31 7.00 2.14 0.19 0.06 4.78 3.78 6.36 1.83 7.74 64.21 0.00 64.21
15 31 .29 7.37 2.79 0.19 0.08 4.78 3.78 6.60 1.90 8.03 66.81 0.00 66.81
20 32.43 7.78 3.43 0.19 0.09 4.78 3.78 6.86 1.97 8.35 69.67 0.00 69 .67
25 33.77 8.23 4.07 0.19 0.11 4.78 3.78 7.14 2.06 8.69 72.82 0.00 72.82
30 35.33 8.74 4.72 0.19 0.12 4.78 3.78 7.45 2.14 9.06 76.31 0.00 76.31
35 37.15 9.32 5.36 0.19 0.13 4.78 3.78 7.78 2.24 9.46 80.21 0.00 80.21
40 39.30 9.99 6.00 0.19 0.15 4.78 3.78 8.14 2.34 9.91 84.58 0.00 84.58
45 41.84 10.75 6.65 0.19 0.16 4.78 3.78 8.54 2.46 10.39 89.54 0.00 89.54
50 44 .85 11.64 7.29 0.19 0.17 4.78 3.78 8.98 2.58 10.93 95.20 0.00 95 .20
286
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC MCV 43
Roughness = 3000
0 29.78 6.52 1.02 0.20 0.04 5.51 4.36 6.01 1.73 7.31 62.46 0.00 62.46
5 30.53 6.84 1.66 0.20 0.05 5.51 4.36 6.22 1.79 7.57 64.73 0.00 64.73
10 31.42 7.19 2.30 0.20 0.06 5.51 4.36 6.45 1.86 7.85 67.20 0.00 67.20
15 32.46 7.57 2.95 0.20 0.08 5.51 4.36 6.70 1.93 8.15 69.90 0.00 69.90
20 33.68 8.00 3.59 0.20 0.09 5.51 4.36 6.97 2.01 8.48 72.88 0.00 72.88
25 35.09 8.49 4.23 0.20 0.11 5.51 4.36 7.26 2.09 8.83 76.16 0.00 76.16
30 36.75 9.03 4.88 0.20 0.12 5.51 4.36 7.57 2.18 9.21 79.81 0.00 79.81
35 38 .70 9.65 5.52 0.20 0.13 5.51 4.36 7.92 2.28 9.63 83.90 0.00 83.90
40 40.99 10.36 6.17 0.20 0.15 5.51 4.36 8.29 2.39 10.09 88.50 0.00 88.50
45 43.70 11.18 6.81 0.20 0.16 5.51 4.36 8.71 2.51 10.60 93.73 0.00 93.73
50 46.94 12.15 7.45 0.20 0.17 5.51 4.36 9.17 2.64 11.15 99.74 0.00 99 .74
Table VOC MCV 44

Roughness = 4000
0 30.80 6.68 1.18 0.21 0.04 6.34 5.02 6.09 1.75 7.41 65.52 0.00 65.52
5 31.61 7.01 1.82 0.21 0.05 6.34 5.02 6.31 1.82 7.68 67.87 0.00 67.87
10 32.55 7.38 2.47 0.21 0.06 6.34 5.02 6.55 1.88 7.97 70.43 0.00 70.43
15 33.66 7.78 3.11 0.21 0.08 6.34 5.02 6.80 1.96 8.28 73.24 0.00 73.24
20 34.95 8.24 3.75 0.21 0.09 6.34 5.02 7.08 2.04 8.61 76.34 0.00 76.34
25 36.46 8.75 4.40 0.21 0.11 6.34 5.02 7.38 2.12 8.98 79.77 0.00 79.77
30 38.22 9.33 5.04 0.21 0.12 6.34 5.02 7.70 2.22 9.38 83 .59 0.00 83.59
35 40.30 10.00 5.68 0.21 0.13 6.34 5.02 8.06 2.32 9.81 87.87 0.00 87.87
40 42.75 10.76 6.33 0.21 0.15 6.34 5.02 8.45 2.43 10.28 92.72 0.00 92.72
45 45.65 11.65 6.97 0.21 0.16 6.34 5.02 8.88 2.56 10.81 98.26 0.00 98.26
50 49.13 12.70 7.61 0.21 0.17 6.34 5.02 9.36 2.69 11.39 104.64 0.00 104.64
287
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table voe MCV 45
Roughness = 5000
0 31 .84 6.84 1.34 0.22 0.04 7.31 5.78 6.18 1.78 7.51 68.84 0.00 68 .84
5 32.70 7.19 1.99 0.22 0.05 7.31 5.78 6.40 1.84 7.79 71.27 0.00 71.27
10 33.71 7.58 2.63 0.22 0.06 7.31 5.78 6.65 1.91 8.09 73.93 0.00 73.93
15 34.88 8.01 3.27 0.22 0.08 7.31 5.78 6.91 1.99 8.41 76.85 0.00 76.85
20 36 .26 8.49 3.92 0.22 0.09 7.31 5.78 7.19 2.07 8.75 80.08 0.00 80.08
25 37.86 9.04 4.56 0.22 0.11 7.31 5.78 7.50 2.16 9.13 83.67 0.00 83.67
30 39 .74 9.66 5.20 0.22 0.12 7.31 5.78 7.84 2.26 9.54 87.67 0.00 87.67
35 41.96 10.37 5.85 0.22 0.13 7.31 5.78 8.21 2.36 9.99 92 .18 0.00 92.18
40 44.57 11.20 6.49 0.22 0.15 7.31 5.78 8.62 2.48 10.48 97.29 0.00 97.29
45 47.69 12.16 7.13 0.22 0.16 7.31 5.78 9.06 2.61 11.03 103.16 0.00 103.16
50 51.44 13.31 7.78 0.22 0.17 7.31 5.78 9.56 2.75 11.63 109.96 0.00 109.96
Table VOC MCV 46

Roughness = 6000
0 32.91 7.01 1.50 0.23 0.04 8.42 6.66 6.26 1.80 7.62 72.45 0.00 72.45
5 33.82 7.38 2.15 0.23 0.05 8.42 6.66 6.50 1.87 7.90 74.97 0.00 74.97
10 34.89 7.79 2.79 0.23 0.06 8.42 6.66 6.75 1.94 8.21 77.74 0.00 77.74
15 36.14 8.25 3.43 0.23 0.08 8.42 6.66 7.02 2.02 8.54 80.78 0.00 80.78
20 37.60 8.76 4.08 0.23 0.09 8.42 6.66 7.31 2.11 8.90 84.15 0.00 84.15
25 39.31 9.34 4.72 0.23 0.11 8.42 6.66 7.63 2.20 9.29 87.90 0.00 87.90
30 41.31 10.01 5.36 0.23 0.12 8.42 6.66 7.98 2.30 9.71 92.10 0.00 92.10
35 43.67 10.77 6.01 0.23 0.13 8.42 6.66 8.37 2.41 10.18 96.85 0.00 96.85
40 46.48 11.67 6.65 0.23 0.15 8.42 6.66 8.79 2.53 10.69 102.25 0.00 102.25
45 49 .82 12.72 7.30 0.23 0.16 8.42 6.66 9.25 2.66 11.26 108.48 0.00 108.48
50 53.87 13.99 7.94 0.23 0.17 8.42 6.66 9.77 2.81 11.89 115.75 0.00 115.75
288
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC MCV 47
Roughness = 7000
0 33.99 7.20 1.67 0.24 0.04 9.69 7.67 6.35 1.83 7.73 76.40 0.00 76.40
5 34.96 7.58 2.31 0.24 0.05 9.69 7.67 6.59 1.90 8.02 79.02 0.00 79.02
10 36.10 8.02 2.95 0.24 0.06 9.69 7.67 6.85 1.97 8.34 81.90 0.00 81.90
15 37.43 8.50 3.60 0.24 0.08 9.69 7.67 7.13 2.05 8.68 85.07 0.00 85.07
20 38.98 9.05 4.24 0.24 0.09 9.69 7.67 7.44 2.14 9.05 88.59 0.00 88.59
25 40.80 9.67 4.88 0.24 0.11 9.69 7.67 7.77 2.24 9.45 92.51 0.00 92.51
30 42.94 10.38 5.53 0.24 0.12 9.69 7.67 8.13 2.34 9.89 96.93 0.00 96 .93
35 45.46 11.21 6.17 0.24 0.13 9.69 7.67 8.53 2.45 10.38 101.93 0.00 101.93
40 48.46 12.18 6.81 0.24 0.15 9.69 7.67 8.97 2.58 10.91 107.66 0.00 107.66
45 52.07 13.33 7.46 0.24 0.16 9.69 7.67 9.45 2.72 11 .50 114.29 0.00 114.29
50 56.44 14.73 8.10 0.24 0.17 9.69 7.67 9.99 2.88 12.16 122.07 0.00 122.07
Table VOC MCV 48

Roughness = 8000
0 35.10 7.39 1.83 0.24 0.04 11.17 8.83 6.45 1.86 7.84 80.74 0.00 80.74
5 36.13 7.80 2.47 0.24 0.05 11.17 8.83 6.69 1.93 8.14 83.46 0.00 83.46
10 37.34 8.25 3.11 0.24 0.06 11.17 8.83 6.96 2.00 8.47 86.45 0.00 86.45
15 38.76 8.77 3.76 0.24 0.08 11.17 8.83 7.25 2.09 8.82 89.76 0.00 89.76
20 40.41 9.35 4.40 0.24 0.09 11.17 8.83 7.56 2.18 9.20 93.44 0.00 93.44
25 42.34 10.02 5.05 0.24 0.11 11.17 8.83 7.91 2.28 9.62 97.56 0.00 97.56
30 44.62 10.79 5.69 0.24 0.12 11.17 8.83 8.28 2.38 10.08 102.20 0.00 102.20
35 47.32 11.68 6.33 0.24 0.13 11.17 8.83 8.70 2.50 10.58 107.49 0.00 107.49
40 50.55 12.74 6.98 0.24 0.15 11.17 8.83 9.15 2.63 11.14 113.57 0.00 113.57
45 54.43 14.01 7.62 0.24 0.16 11.17 8.83 9.66 2.78 11.75 120.65 0.00 120.65
50 59.17 15.56 8.26 0.24 0.17 11.17 8.83 10.22 2.94 12.44 129.01 0.00 129.01
289
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC MCV 49
Financial Cost of Operation of MCV on Two Lane Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 27.60 5.60 0.79 0.19 0.04 4.17 3.30 5.64 1.62 6.87 55.81 1.56 57.38
5 28.20 5.83 1.43 0.19 0.05 4.17 3.30 5.84 1.68 7.11 57.81 1.62 59.42
10 28.92 6.08 2.07 0.19 0.06 4.17 3.30 6.06 1.74 7.37 59.98 1.68 61.66
15 29.77 6.36 2.72 0.19 0.08 4.17 3.30 6.29 1.81 7.66 62.35 1.74 64.09
20 30 .79 6.66 3.36 0.19 0.09 4.17 3.30 6.54 1.88 7.96 64.95 1.81 66.76
25 31.98 6.99 4.00 0.19 0.11 4.17 3.30 6.82 1.96 8.29 67.82 1.89 69.70
30 33.39 7.35 4.65 0.19 0.12 4.17 3.30 7.11 2.05 8.65 70.99 1.97 72.95
35 35 .04 7.76 5.29 0.19 0.13 4.17 3.30 7.44 2.14 9.05 74.51 2.06 76.57
40 37.00 8.21 5.93 0.19 0.15 4.17 3.30 7.79 2.24 9.48 78.47 2.15 80.62
45 39.33 8.72 6.58 0.19 0.16 4.17 3.30 8.18 2.35 9.95 82.93 2.26 85.19
50 42.10 9.29 7.22 0.19 0.17 4.17 3.30 8.61 2.48 10.47 88.01 2.38 90.39
Table VOC MCV 50

Roughness= 3000
0 28.56 5.71 0.91 0.20 0.04 4.81 3.80 5.72 1.65 6.96 58.36 1.58 59.94
5 29.21 5.95 1.56 0.20 0.05 4.81 3.80 5.93 1.71 7.21 60.42 1.64 62.06
10 29.98 6.22 2.20 0.20 0.06 4.81 3.80 6.15 1.77 7.48 62.67 1.70 64.38
15 30 .89 6.50 2.84 0.20 0.08 4.81 3.80 6.39 1.84 7.78 65.14 1.77 66.90
20 31.98 6.82 3.49 0.20 0.09 4.81 3.80 6.65 1.91 8.09 67.84 1.84 69.68
25 33 .25 7.17 4.13 0.20 0.11 4.81 3.80 6.93 2.00 8.43 70 .82 1.92 72.74
30 34.75 7.55 4.77 0.20 0.12 4.81 3.80 7.24 2.08 8.81 74.13 2.00 76.13
35 36.52 7.98 5.42 0.20 0.13 4.81 3.80 7.57 2.18 9.21 77.83 2.09 79.92
40 38.62 8.46 6.06 0.20 0.15 4.81 3.80 7.94 2.29 9.66 81.98 2.20 84.17
45 41 .11 9.00 6.70 0.20 0.16 4.81 3.80 8.34 2.40 10.15 86.68 2.31 88.98
50 44.09 9.62 7.35 0.20 0.17 4.81 3.80 8.79 2.53 10.70 92.05 2.43 94.48
290
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC MCV 51
Roughness = 4000
0 29.54 5.83 1.04 0.21 0.04 5.54 4.38 5.80 1.67 7.06 61.11 1.60 62.71
5 30.24 6.08 1.68 0.21 0.05 5.54 4.38 6.01 1.73 7.32 63.24 1.66 64.91
10 31.06 6.36 2.33 0.21 0.06 5.54 4.38 6.24 1.80 7.60 65.58 1.73 67.30
15 32.04 6.66 2.97 0.21 0.08 5.54 4.38 6.49 1.87 7.90 68.13 1.80 69.93
20 33.20 6.99 3.61 0.21 0.09 5.54 4.38 6.76 1.95 8.22 70.95 1.87 72.82
25 34.56 7.36 4.26 0.21 0.11 5.54 4.38 7.05 2.03 8.58 74.06 1.95 76.01
30 36.16 7.76 4.90 0.21 0.12 5.54 4.38 7.37 2.12 8.96 77.52 2.04 79.55
35 38.05 8.22 5.55 0.21 0.13 5.54 4.38 7.71 2.22 9.38 81.39 2.13 83.52
40 40.29 8.73 6.19 0.21 0.15 5.54 4.38 8.09 2.33 9.85 85.75 2.24 87.99
45 42.96 9.30 6.83 0.21 0.16 5.54 4.38 8.51 2.45 10.36 90.71 2.36 93.06
50 46.17 9.96 7.48 0.21 0.17 5.54 4.38 8.98 2.59 10.93 96.40 2.48 98.88
Table VOC MCV 52

Roughness = 5000
0 30.54 5.96 1.17 0.22 0.04 6.38 5.05 5.88 1.69 7.16 64.08 1.63 65.71
5 31.29 6.22 1.81 0.22 0.05 6.38 5.05 6.10 1.76 7.43 66.30 1.69 67.98
10 32.17 6.51 2.46 0.22 0.06 6.38 5.05 6.34 1.82 7.71 68.72 1.75 70.47
15 33.22 6.82 3.10 0.22 0.08 6.38 5.05 6.59 1.90 8.02 71 .37 1.82 73.20
20 34.45 7.17 3.74 0.22 0.09 6.38 5.05 6.87 1.98 8.36 74.30 1.90 76.20
25 35.90 7.56 4.39 0.22 0.11 6.38 5.05 7.17 2.06 8.72 77.55 1.98 79.53
30 37.61 7.99 5.03 0.22 0.12 6.38 5.05 7.50 2.16 9.12 81.17 2.07 83.24
35 39.63 8.47 5.67 0.22 0.13 6.38 5.05 7.86 2.26 9.56 85.23 2.17 87.40
40 42.03 9.01 6.32 0.22 0.15 6.38 5.05 8.25 2.38 10.04 89.82 2.28 92.10
45 44.90 9.63 6.96 0.22 0.16 6.38 5.05 8.69 2.50 10.58 95.06 2.40 97.46
50 48.36 10.33 7.60 0.22 0.17 6.38 5.05 9.18 2.64 11.17 101.10 2.54 103.64
291
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC MCV 53
Roughness = 6000
0 31.56 6.09 1.30 0.23 0.04 7.35 5.81 5.97 1.72 7.26 67.32 1.65 68.97
5 32.36 6.36 1.94 0.23 0.05 7.35 5.81 6.19 1.78 7.54 69 .61 1.71 71.32
10 33.31 6.67 2.58 0.23 0.06 7.35 5.81 6.44 1.85 7.83 72.12 1.78 73.90
15 34.42 7.00 3.23 0.23 0.08 7.35 5.81 6.70 1.93 8.15 74.89 1.85 76.74
20 35.74 7.36 3.87 0.23 0.09 7.35 5.81 6.99 2.01 8.50 77.94 1.93 79.87
25 37.28 7.77 4.51 0.23 0.11 7.35 5.81 7.30 2.10 8.88 81.33 2.02 83.35
30 39.11 8.22 5.16 0.23 0.12 7.35 5.81 7.64 2.20 9.29 85.12 2.11 87.23
35 41 .27 8.73 5.80 0.23 0.13 7.35 5.81 8.01 2.31 9.75 89.38 2.22 91.60
40 43.84 9.31 6.44 0.23 0.15 7.35 5.81 8.42 2.42 10.25 94.22 2.33 96.56
45 46.93 9.97 7.09 0.23 0.16 7.35 5.81 8.88 2.56 10.80 99.77 2.46 102.23
50 50.67 10.73 7.73 0.23 0.17 7.35 5.81 9.39 2.70 11.42 106.20 2.60 108.80
Table VOC MCV 54

Financial Cost of Operation of MCV on Four Lane Divided Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 23.69 5.60 0.79 0.19 0.04 4.17 3.30 3.86 1.11 4.69 47.44 4.45 51.90
5 23.46 5.83 1.43 0.19 0.05 4.17 3.30 4.01 1.15 4.88 48.48 4.63 53.10
10 23.32 6.08 2.07 0.19 0.06 4 .17 3.30 4.17 1.20 5.08 49.66 4.82 54.48
15 23.29 6.36 2.72 0.19 0.08 4.17 3.30 4.35 1.25 5.29 51.01 5.02 56.03
20 23.39 6.66 3.36 0.19 0.09 4.17 3.30 4.55 1.31 5.53 52.55 5.25 57.79
25 23.62 6.99 4.00 0.19 0.11 4.17 3.30 4.76 1.37 5.79 54.30 5.49 59.79
30 24.02 7.35 4.65 0.19 0.12 4.17 3.30 4.99 1.44 6.07 56.30 5.76 62.06
35 24.59 7.76 5.29 0.19 0.13 4.17 3.30 5.25 1.51 6.38 58.58 6.05 64.63
40 25.38 8.21 5.93 0.19 0.15 4.17 3.30 5.53 1.59 6.73 61.19 6.38 67.57
45 26.43 8.72 6.58 0.19 0.16 4.17 3.30 5.85 1.68 7.11 64 .19 6.75 70.94
50 27.79 9.29 7.22 0.19 0.17 4.17 3.30 6.20 1.78 7.54 67.67 7.16 74.83
292
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC MCV 55
Roughness = 3000
0 24.33 5.71 0.91 0.20 0.04 4.81 3.80 3.92 1.13 4.77 49.61 4.52 54.14
5 24.13 5.95 1.56 0.20 0.05 4.81 3.80 4.07 1.17 4.96 50.71 4.70 55.41
10 24.04 6.22 2.20 0.20 0.06 4.81 3.80 4.24 1.22 5.16 51.96 4.90 56.85
15 24.06 6.50 2.84 0.20 0.08 4.81 3.80 4.43 1.27 5.39 53.38 5.11 58.49
20 24.21 6.82 3.49 0.20 0.09 4.81 3.80 4.63 1.33 5.63 55.01 5.34 60.35
25 24.50 7.17 4.13 0.20 0.11 4.81 3.80 4.85 1.40 5.90 56.86 5.59 62.45
30 24.97 7.55 4.77 0.20 0.12 4.81 3.80 5.09 1.46 6.19 58.97 5.87 64.84
35 25.62 7.98 5.42 0.20 0.13 4.81 3.80 5.36 1.54 6.52 61.38 6.18 67.56
40 26 .51 8.46 6.06 0.20 0.15 4.81 3.80 5.65 1.63 6.88 64.14 6.52 70 .67
45 27.67 9.00 6.70 0.20 0.16 4.81 3.80 5.98 1.72 7.28 67.33 6.90 74.24
50 29.17 9.62 7.35 0.20 0.17 4.81 3.80 6.35 1.83 7.73 71 .04 7.33 78.37
Table VOC MCV 56

Roughness = 4000
0 24.98 5.83 1.04 0.21 0.04 5.54 4.38 3.98 1.15 4.84 51.98 4.59 56.57
5 24.82 6.08 1.68 0.21 0.05 5.54 4.38 4.14 1.19 5.04 53.14 4.78 57.92
10 24.77 6.36 2.33 0.21 0.06 5.54 4.38 4.31 1.24 5.25 54.46 4.98 59.44
15 24.84 6.66 2.97 0.21 0.08 5.54 4.38 4.50 1.30 5.48 55.96 5.20 61.16
20 25 .05 6.99 3.61 0.21 0.09 5.54 4.38 4.71 1.36 5.73 57.68 5.44 63.12
25 25.41 7.36 4.26 0.21 0.11 5.54 4.38 4.94 1.42 6.01 59.63 5.70 65.33
30 25.95 7.76 4.90 0.21 0.12 5.54 4.38 5.19 1.49 6.32 61.86 5.99 67.85
35 26.69 8.22 5.55 0.21 0.13 5.54 4.38 5.47 1.57 6.66 64.41 6.31 70.72
40 27.68 8.73 6.19 0.21 0.15 5.54 4.38 5.78 1.66 7.03 67.34 6.67 74.01
45 28.97 9.30 6.83 0.21 0.16 5.54 4.38 6.13 1.76 7.45 70.73 7.07 77.80
50 30.62 9.96 7.48 0.21 0.17 5.54 4.38 6.52 1.88 7.93 74.68 7.52 82.20
293
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC MCV 57
Financial Cost of Operation of MCV on Six Lane Divided Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 23.77 4.36 0.70 0.19 0.04 3.53 2.80 3.75 1.08 4.56 44.78 4.33 49.11
5 23.46 4.50 1.34 0.19 0.05 3.53 2.80 3.89 1.12 4.74 45.63 4.49 50.12
10 23.25 4.65 1.99 0.19 0.06 3.53 2.80 4.05 1.17 4.93 46.61 4.67 51.28
15 23.13 4.81 2.63 0.19 0.08 3.53 2.80 4.21 1.21 5.13 47 .73 4.86 52.60
20 23.14 4.98 3.28 0.19 0.09 3.53 2.80 4.40 1.27 5.35 49.01 5.07 54.09
25 23.26 5.16 3.92 0.19 0.11 3.53 2.80 4.59 1.32 5.59 50.48 5.30 55.78
30 23.53 5.36 4.56 0.19 0.12 3.53 2.80 4.81 1.38 5.85 52.14 5.55 57.70
35 23.97 5.57 5.21 0.1 9 0.13 3.53 2.80 5.05 1.45 6.14 54.04 5.83 59.87
40 24.59 5.80 5.85 0.19 0.15 3.53 2.80 5.31 1.53 6.46 56.21 6.13 62 .34
45 25.44 6.05 6.49 0.19 0.16 3.53 2.80 5.60 1.61 6.82 58.69 6.46 65.16
50 26.55 6.32 7.14 0.19 0.17 3.53 2.80 5.93 1.71 7.21 61.55 6.84 68.39
Table VOC MCV 58

Roughness = 3000
0 24.38 4.43 0.79 0.20 0.04 4.07 3.22 3.81 1.10 4.63 46.65 4.39 51.05
5 24.10 4.58 1.43 0.20 0.05 4.07 3.22 3.95 1.14 4.81 47.55 4.56 52.12
10 23.93 4.73 2.07 0.20 0.06 4.07 3.22 4.11 1.18 5.00 48.59 4.75 53.34
15 23.86 4.89 2.72 0.20 0.08 4.07 3.22 4.29 1.23 5.21 49.78 4.95 54.72
20 23.91 5.07 3.36 0.20 0.09 4.07 3.22 4.47 1.29 5.44 51.13 5.16 56.29
25 24.10 5.26 4.00 0.20 0.11 4.07 3.22 4.68 1.35 5.69 52.67 5.40 58.07
30 24.43 5.46 4.65 0.20 0.12 4.07 3.22 4.90 1.41 5.97 54.43 5.66 60.09
35 24.94 5.69 5.29 0.20 0.13 4.07 3.22 5.15 1.48 6.27 56.43 5.94 62.38
40 25.64 5.92 5.93 0.20 0.15 4.07 3.22 5.42 1.56 6.60 58.72 6.26 64.98
45 26.59 6.19 6.58 0.20 0.16 4.07 3.22 5.73 1.65 6.97 61.35 6.61 67.96
50 27.83 6.47 7.22 0.20 0.17 4.07 3.22 6.07 1.75 7.38 64 .38 7.00 71.38
294
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC MCV 59
Roughness = 4000
0 25.00 4.50 0.87 0.21 0.04 4.69 3.71 3.86 1.11 4.70 48.69 4.46 53.15
5 24.77 4.65 1.51 0.21 0.05 4.69 3.71 4.02 1.16 4.89 49.65 4.63 54.28
10 24.63 4.81 2.16 0.21 0.06 4.69 3.71 4.18 1.20 5.09 50.74 4.82 55.57
15 24.61 4.98 2.80 0.21 0.08 4 .69 3.71 4.36 1.25 5.30 51.99 5.03 57.03
20 24.71 5.17 3.44 0.21 0.09 4.69 3.71 4.55 1.31 5.54 53.42 5.25 58 .68
25 24.95 5.36 4.09 0.21 0.11 4.69 3.71 4.77 1.37 5.80 55.05 5.50 60.55
30 25.35 5.57 4.73 0.21 0.1 2 4.69 3.71 5.00 1.44 6.08 56.90 5.77 62 .67
35 25.93 5.80 5.38 0.21 0.13 4 .69 3.71 5.26 1.51 6.39 59.02 6.07 65.08
40 26.73 6.05 6.02 0.21 0.15 4.69 3.71 5.54 1.59 6.74 61.44 6.39 67.83
45 27.79 6.33 6.66 0.21 0.16 4.69 3.71 5.86 1.69 7.13 64.22 6.76 70.98
50 29.16 6.62 7.31 0.21 0.17 4.69 3.71 6.21 1.79 7.56 67.43 7.17 74.61
Table VOC MCV 60

Financial Cost of Operation of MCV on Four Lane Divided Expressways Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness = 2000
0 23.69 5.60 0.79 0.19 0.04 4.17 3.30 3.86 1.11 4.70 47.45 4.46 51 .91
5 23.46 5.83 1.43 0.19 0.05 4.17 3.30 4.01 1.16 4.88 48.48 4.63 53.12
10 23 .32 6.08 2.07 0.19 0.06 4.17 3.30 4.18 1.20 5.08 49.67 4.82 54.49
15 23.30 6.36 2.72 0.19 0.08 4.17 3.30 4.35 1.25 5.30 51.02 5.03 56.05
20 23.40 6.66 3.36 0.19 0.09 4.17 3.30 4.55 1.31 5.54 52.56 5.25 57.81
25 23.63 6.99 4.00 0.19 0.11 4.17 3.30 4.76 1.37 5.79 54.32 5.49 59 .82
30 24.03 7.35 4.65 0.19 0.12 4.17 3.30 4.99 1.44 6.08 56.32 5.76 62.09
35 24.61 7.76 5.29 0.19 0.13 4 .17 3.30 5.25 1.51 6.39 58.61 6.06 64.67
40 25.41 8.21 5.93 0.19 0.15 4.17 3.30 5.53 1.59 6.73 61.22 6.39 67.61
45 26.46 8.72 6.58 0.19 0.16 4.17 3.30 5.85 1.68 7.12 64.24 6.75 70.99
50 27.82 9.29 7.22 0.19 0.1 7 4.17 3.30 6.21 1.79 7.55 67.72 7.16 74.88
295
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC MCV 61
Roughness = 3000
0 24.33 5.71 0.91 0.20 0.04 4.81 3.80 3.92 1.13 4.77 49.62 4.52 54.15
5 24.13 5.95 1.56 0.20 0.05 4.81 3.80 4.08 1.17 4.96 50.72 4.71 55.42
10 24.04 6.22 2.20 0.20 0.06 4.81 3.80 4.25 1.22 5.17 51.97 4.90 56.87
15 24.06 6.50 2.84 0.20 0.08 4.81 3.80 4.43 1.28 5.39 53.40 5.11 58.51
20 24.22 6.82 3.49 0.20 0.09 4.81 3.80 4.63 1.33 5.64 55.03 5.35 60.37
25 24.51 7.17 4.13 0.20 0.11 4.81 3.80 4.85 1.40 5.90 56.88 5.60 62.48
30 24.98 7.55 4.77 0.20 0.12 4.81 3.80 5.09 1.47 6.20 58.99 5.88 64.87
35 25.64 7.98 5.42 0.20 0.13 4.81 3.80 5.36 1.54 6.52 61.41 6.19 67.60
40 26.53 8.46 6.06 0.20 0.15 4.81 3.80 5.66 1.63 6.88 64.18 6.53 70.71
45 27 .70 9.00 6.70 0.20 0.16 4.81 3.80 5.99 1.72 7.29 67.38 6.91 74.29
50 29.21 9.62 7.35 0.20 0.17 4.81 3.80 6.36 1.83 7.74 71.09 7.34 78.43
Table VOC MCV 62

Roughness = 4000
0 24.98 5.83 1.04 0.21 0.04 5.54 4.38 3.98 1.15 4.84 51.99 4.60 56.58
5 24.83 6.08 1.68 0.21 0.05 5.54 4.38 4.14 1.19 5.04 53.15 4.78 57.93
10 24.78 6.36 2.33 0.21 0.06 5.54 4.38 4.32 1.24 5.25 54.47 4.98 59.45
15 24.85 6.66 2.97 0.21 0.08 5.54 4.38 4.51 1.30 5.49 55.98 5.20 61.18
20 25.06 6.99 3.61 0.21 0.09 5.54 4.38 4.72 1.36 5.74 57.70 5.44 63.14
25 25.42 7.36 4.26 0.21 0.11 5.54 4.38 4.95 1.42 6.02 59.65 5.71 65.36
30 25.96 7.76 4.90 0.21 0.12 5.54 4.38 5.20 1.50 6.32 61 .89 6.00 67.89
35 26.71 8.22 5.55 0.21 0.13 5.54 4.38 5.48 1.58 6.66 64.45 6.32 70.76
40 27.71 8.73 6.19 0.21 0.15 5.54 4.38 5.79 1.67 7.04 67.38 6.68 74.06
45 29.00 9.30 6.83 0.21 0.16 5.54 4.38 6.13 1.77 7.46 70.78 7.08 77.86
50 30.66 9.96 7.48 0.21 0.17 5.54 4.38 6.52 1.88 7.94 74.74 7.53 82.27
296
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC MCV 63
Financial Cost of Operation of MCV on Six Lane Divided Expressways Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness= 2000
0 23.76 4.36 0.70 0.19 0.04 3.53 2.80 3.75 1.08 4.57 44.79 4.33 49.12
5 23.46 4.50 1.34 0.19 0.05 3.53 2.80 3.90 1.12 4.74 45.64 4.50 50.13
10 23.25 4.65 1.99 0.19 0.06 3.53 2.80 4.05 1.17 4.93 46.62 4.68 51.29
15 23.14 4.81 2.63 0.19 0.08 3.53 2.80 4.22 1.21 5.13 47.74 4.87 52.61
20 23.14 4.98 3.28 0.19 0.09 3.53 2.80 4.40 1.27 5.35 49.03 5.08 54.11
25 23 .27 5.16 3.92 0.19 0.11 3.53 2.80 4.60 1.32 5.59 50.50 5.31 55.80
30 23.55 5.36 4.56 0.19 0.12 3.53 2.80 4.81 1.39 5.86 52.17 5.56 57.72
35 23.98 5.57 5.21 0.19 0.13 3.53 2.80 5.05 1.45 6.15 54 .07 5.83 59.90
40 24.61 5.80 5.85 0.19 0.15 3.53 2.80 5.32 1.53 6.47 56.24 6.14 62.38
45 25.46 6.05 6.49 0.19 0.16 3.53 2.80 5.61 1.61 6.82 58.73 6.47 65.20
50 26.58 6.32 7.14 0.19 0.17 3.53 2.80 5.93 1.71 7.22 61.60 6.85 68.44
Table VOC MCV 64

Roughness = 3000
0 24.37 4.43 0.79 0.20 0.04 4.07 3.22 3.81 1.10 4.64 46.66 4.40 51.06
5 24 .10 4.58 1.43 0.20 0.05 4.07 3.22 3.96 1.14 4.81 47.56 4.57 52.13
10 23.93 4.73 2.07 0.20 0.06 4.07 3.22 4.12 1.18 5.01 48.60 4.75 53.35
15 23.87 4.89 2.72 0.20 0.08 4.07 3.22 4.29 1.23 5.22 49.79 4.95 54.74
20 23.92 5.07 3.36 0.20 0.09 4.07 3.22 4.48 1.29 5.45 51.15 5.17 56.31
25 24.11 5.26 4.00 0.20 0.11 4.07 3.22 4.68 1.35 5.70 52.69 5.40 58.10
30 24.44 5.46 4.65 0.20 0.12 4.07 3.22 4.91 1.41 5.97 54.45 5.66 60.12
35 24.95 5.69 5.29 0.20 0.13 4.07 3.22 5.15 1.48 6.27 56.46 5.95 62.41
40 25.66 5.92 5.93 0.20 0.15 4.07 3.22 5.43 1.56 6.61 58.76 6.27 65.02
45 26.62 6.19 6.58 0.20 0.16 4.07 3.22 5.73 1.65 6.98 61 .39 6.62 68.01
50 27.86 6.47 7.22 0.20 0.17 4.07 3.22 6.07 1.75 7.39 64.43 7.01 71.44
297
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC MCV 65
Roughness = 4000
0 25.00 4.50 0.87 0.21 0.04 4.69 3.71 3.87 1.11 4.71 48.70 4.46 53.16
5 24.77 4.65 1.51 0.21 0.05 4.69 3.71 4.02 1.16 4.89 49.66 4.64 54.30
10 24.64 4.81 2.16 0.21 0.06 4.69 3.71 4.18 1.20 5.09 50.75 4.83 55.58
15 24.62 4.98 2.80 0.21 0.08 4.69 3.71 4.36 1.26 5.31 52.01 5.03 57.04
20 24.72 5.17 3.44 0.21 0.09 4.69 3.71 4.56 1.31 5.54 53.44 5.26 58.70
25 24.96 5.36 4.09 0.21 0.11 4.69 3.71 4.77 1.37 5.80 55.07 5.50 60.58
30 25.37 5.57 4.73 0.21 0.12 4.69 3.71 5.00 1.44 6.09 56.93 5.77 62.70
35 25.95 5.80 5.38 0.21 0.13 4.69 3.71 5.26 1.51 6.40 59.05 6.07 65.12
40 26.76 6.05 6.02 0.21 0.15 4.69 3.71 5.55 1.60 6.75 61.47 6.40 67.88
45 27.82 6.33 6.66 0.21 0.16 4.69 3.71 5.86 1.69 7.14 64.26 6.77 71.03
50 29.19 6.62 7.31 0.21 0.17 4.69 3.71 6.22 1.79 7.57 67.49 7.18 74.67
Table VOC MCV 66

Financial Cost of Operation of MCV on Eight Lane Divided Urban Expressways Roads (Rs/km)
Roughness= 2000
0 23.89 3.57 0.66 0.19 0.04 3.25 2.57 3.65 1.05 4.44 43.32 4.21 47.53
5 23.51 3.67 1.30 0.19 0.05 3.25 2.57 3.79 1.09 4.61 44.03 4.37 48.40
10 23.23 3.76 1.95 0.19 0.06 3.25 2.57 3.93 1.13 4.78 44.87 4.54 49.41
15 23.04 3.87 2.59 0.19 0.08 3.25 2.57 4.09 1.18 4.98 45.84 4.72 50.56
20 22.96 3.98 3.23 0.19 0.09 3.25 2.57 4.26 1.23 5.18 46.95 4.92 51.87
25 22.99 4.09 3.88 0.19 0.11 3.25 2.57 4.45 1.28 5.41 48.22 5.13 53.35
30 23.16 4.22 4.52 0.19 0.12 3.25 2.57 4.65 1.34 5.66 49.67 5.36 55.03
35 23.47 4.35 5.16 0.19 0.13 3.25 2.57 4.87 1.40 5.93 51.32 5.62 56.94
40 23.95 4.49 5.81 0.19 0.15 3.25 2.57 5.11 1.47 6.22 53.21 5.90 59.11
45 24.62 4.63 6.45 0.19 0.16 3.25 2.57 5.38 1.55 6.55 55 .37 6.21 61.58
50 25.54 4 .79 7.09 0.19 0.17 3.25 2.57 5.68 1.64 6.91 57.84 6.56 64.40
298
IRC:SP:30-2019
Table VOC MCV 67
Financial Cost of Operation of MCV on Eight Lane Divided Urban Expressways Roads {Rs/km)
Roughness = 3000
0 24.47 3.62 0.72 0.20 0.04 3.75 2.96 3.70 1.07 4.51 45.04 4.28 49.31
5 24.13 3.72 1.37 0.20 0.05 3.75 2.96 3.84 1.11 4.68 45.80 4.44 50.24
10 23.89 3.82 2.01 0.20 0.06 3.75 2.96 3.99 1.15 4.86 46.69 4.61 51.30
15 23.74 3.92 2.65 0.20 0.08 3.75 2.96 4.16 1.20 5.06 47.71 4.80 52.51
20 23.70 4.04 3.30 0.20 0.09 3.75 2.96 4.33 1.25 5.27 48.88 5.00 53.88
25 23.78 4.15 3.94 0.20 0.11 3.75 2.96 4.52 1.30 5.51 50.22 5.22 55.45
30 24.00 4.28 4.58 0.20 0.12 3.75 2.96 4.73 1.36 5.76 51.75 5.46 57.22
35 24.38 4.42 5.23 0.20 0.13 3.75 2.96 4.96 1.43 6.04 53.50 5.73 59.23
40 24.93 4.56 5.87 0.20 0.15 3.75 2.96 5.22 1.50 6.35 55.49 6.02 61.51
45 25.70 4.71 6.51 0.20 0.16 3.75 2.96 5.50 1.58 6.69 57.77 6.35 64.11
50 26.72 4.87 7.16 0.20 0.17 3.75 2.96 5.81 1.67 7.07 60.39 6.71 67.10
Table VOC MCV 68

Financial Cost of Operation of MCV on Eight Lane Divided Urban Expressways Roads {Rs/km)
Roughness = 4000
0 25.07 3.67 0.79 0.21 0.04 4.31 3.41 3.76 1.08 4.57 46.91 4.34 51.25
5 24.76 3.77 1.43 0.21 0.05 4.31 3.41 3.90 1.12 4.75 47.72 4.50 52.23
10 24.56 3.87 2.07 0.21 0.06 4.31 3.41 4.06 1.17 4.94 48.66 4.68 53.34
15 24.45 3.98 2.72 0.21 0.08 4.31 3.41 4.22 1.22 5.14 49.74 4.88 54.62
20 24.46 4.10 3.36 0.21 0.09 4.31 3.41 4.41 1.27 5.36 50.98 5.09 56.07
25 24.60 4.22 4.00 0.21 0.11 4.31 3.41 4.61 1.33 5.60 52.40 5.32 57.71
30 24.87 4.35 4.65 0.21 0.12 4.31 3.41 4.82 1.39 5.87 54.01 5.57 59.57
35 25.32 4.49 5.29 0.21 0.13 4.31 3.41 5.06 1.46 6.16 55.85 5.84 61.69
40 25.96 4.63 5.93 0.21 0.15 4.31 3.41 5.33 1.53 6.48 57.95 6.15 64.10
45 26.82 4.79 6.58 0.21 0.16 4.31 3.41 5.62 1.62 6.84 60.36 6.49 66.84
50 27.95 4.96 7.22 0.21 0.17 4.31 3.41 5.95 1.71 7.24 63.14 6.86 70.00
299
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I II . 20 20
1
1 RG•4000 1 H 20 20
~•4000
.
20 ! ~
.,.,1
20 t RG•4000
8 ~W:;L{
15
J ,$/41RG• 4
~5 t- /142 1s t RG•=<'f 1sf RG•4:,t 1st=,< " n.. ,I 15b.,e:,.c,~ -,w; 15
10 J,« ,< I 10 i• ,« ,c I 10+---------1 10 + - - - - - - - 10 + - - - - - --; 10+--- - - - - - - 1 10+--- - - --
0I
0
t I t 1 1 1 1 t I
10 20 30 40
RF(mlkm)
I
50
011111111111
0 10 20 30 40 50
RF(mlkm)
0+-+-+-.,_........._ _-;
0 10 20 30
RF(mlkm)
40 50 r 20 10
R, in1\rn)
~o •~ "- o-------
0 10 20 30
RF(mlkm)
40 50
0+-+-+-.,..........-+-_-i
0 10 20 30 40 50
RF(mlkm)
0-
0 -
10 -20 -30- 40
-.....50
RF(m/km)
0 4-+-+-+-+-+--+-1-+-+-I
0 10 20 30
RF(mlkm)
40 50
Figure 0.1 Economic Cost of Operation of Small Cars

,. n ,.n
Single Lane nte1111edate Lale Tm lane Four Lane Six Lane Exix-essllll)' (Foor Lale) Expressway Six Lale) Urban Expressway (Eijll Lane)
"=7
35 T --r • 35 35 35 35
30 I 1 J .' Ii 30
30 l 1
30 t
I 30 t
I 30 f I 30 J
I
30
RG,60Cil
I I,;
RG,4000
"~ "[]a "Q "D TA -~

25 t ,!__ LLL~ RG-tmJ RG,•!XXJ
25
RG=400I)
I -,ooo.
RG 1··- t /
RG,4000
RG =4000
"~ 20 20 20 20 ' 20 1 / 7 ::;»e: I 20 I >

-.;-
>C I 20
<.,J
0
~
i:
15 I •C
>
(
I 1c 12c ,.c •C I 15 f 2C o< ··- ---- 1 1, I> c:· I 15 1 , ,... I 15 15 15
10 + - - - - - - - l 10 t------....: 10 +---------. 10 +--------◄ 10 ~ - - - - - - ~ 10 + - - - - - --! 10+------- 10 +--------1
0.-......
0 10
-----1
20
RF(mlkm)
30 40 50
0I I I I I I I I I
0 10 20 30 40
RF(mlkm)
f j
50
0 I I I I t I I I I I
0 10 20 30
RF(m!<m)
40
i
50
0 11111111111
0 10 20 30 40 50
RF(mlkm)
10 20 30
RF(mlkm)
40 50
0 i-+-+-_-+-....,.-+-M
0 10 20 30 40 50
RF(mlkm)
0 I
0
1 1 1 I I I 1 11
10 20
RF(ml1<m)
30 40
I
50 10 20 30
RF(mll<m)
40 SC
::0
()
Figure D.2 Financial Cost of Operation of Small Cars
(/)
-u
w
0
I
I\.)
0
-"-
c.o
;a
0
(J)
""O
(.,J
0
I
Single l.aie ~nnedialel.aie Tv«> lane Four lane Six l.aie Expressway (Four Lane) Exr,essway Six l.aie) Urban Exr,essway (Eight lane) N
0
->.
35 n 35 ...-- - - - - - , 35 ......- - - - - - - . 35 ..-- - - - - - , 35 ..-- - - - - - - - - . 35 ......- - - - - - - . 35 ...-- - - - - - - - - . 35 ..--- - - - - - , c.o
30 t-------+-ti 30 + - - - - - --1 30 + - - - - - --l 30-------i 30 +-------1 30+-------1 so------- 30 . i . . . - - - - --l
"rrlfA ,,n RG • IIOOO

25 25 25 25 25 25
! 5] ! l :51
RG 0 6000
RG=OOOO
RG=4000 ,
20 I I l / l il 20 I l' '1 t i 20 I 20
~RG=4:I ~ ~
20 20 20 RG,4000
- Lf E J / 1 11 ,I I I ,tRG=4
l _/
'
<.,J f
0
~
- 15 }C ,t ,£ ; , >11 ' >' I 15 I ,a ,a 1' ,r I ,'M 1s I 7C/7l ,r,f 1s r >- d ! 15 La ,c , c:;;
I 151,, .... 7 ....nn _~~ J 15 , .......... ,,,,. ! 15
10 ;« ;« I 10 f ::.w«- ,• l 10-------1 10-- - - - -- 10 - - - - - - - 10------- 10-------1
0+-+-+-+-t_ _ __
01020304050
RF(mil<ml
10 20 30
RF(mlkm)
40 50
0+◄-t-+-t-+-+-t-+-+-1
0 10 20 30
RF(m/l<ml
40 50 0-------1
0 10 20 30
RF(mlkm)
4C 5C 10 20
RF{mlkm)
30 40 50 0 -
0- 10 -20-30
--40 -50
RF(m/l<m)
0 +-t_ _ _-+-+-1.......
0 10 20 30
RF(mll<m)
40 50 o-------
0 10 20 30
RF{m/l<m)
40 50
Figure D.3 Economic Cost of Operation of Big Cars

Single Lllle ntennediate Lane TY«> Lll1e Four Lane Six lane Expressway (Four Lllle) Expresswiy Six laie) Ulbal Expressway (Eight Lane)
.-.
35
f f f f 35
351
=6000
A
35 1
I 3$
I 3$
I 3$
I 3~
I
J I L/ r1 rl
1
I ,o l l i
-□
30 30
f
I
30 30
30
RG=liOCll
RG=6000
25 I/ )
[
l I fl 25 I rJ' ,' 1t A 25 25
RG =4<XXl
2$ l RG=4000 _A
l 25 1 . ~- A 2$ t RG=4000 J 25
t RG=4000
. .. RG, 4000
RG=4000
YI I I / I V//J/1
(.,,.)
20 ""
f I I A 20 r >' / l ti 20 I :;a' / ;' / ! 20 u-=- >C I 20 1 ..... - :::,< j :o I ::::a- C 7< 1 20 I ::> C ,cl 20
0
(.,,.)
,,
1s 1/ Ji I 15 r= 7• 7 C I 15 1 / >C j 15 15 15 15 15
10 + - - - - - --1 10 i - - - - - - --i \0 + - - - - - --1 \0 + - - - - - --I 10 + - - - - - -- 10 + - - - - - --1 10 r - - - - - - - 10 + - - - - - --1
0 ..........- ..............~ 0 I I I I I I I I I I I 0I I I I t l I t I I f 0I I I I I I I I I I I
0 10 20 30 40 50 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 10 20 30 40 50 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 so 0 10 20 30 40 5C
RF (mlkm) RF{m!<m) RF (m!<m) RF (mlkm) RF (mlkm) RF (mil<m) RF (mlkm) RF (mlkm)
;:u
()
Figure D.4 Financial Cost of Operation of Big Cars
(/)
""O
<.v
0
I
tv
0
.....
co
:;o
0
(J)
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(.,J
0
I
Siw,jlelane klte!Dlediate Lane Two Lane Foor Lane Six Lane Expressway (Four lane) Express1111y Six Lane) U!bm Expressway (E9lt Lane) I\.)
0
....,..
35,-- - - - -.... 35 ..-- - - - - - . 35 ..-- - - - -... 35 - ------, 35 35 35 35 <D
RG•
so------~ 30 + - - - - - --1 30+-------i 30 + - - - - - --1 30 30 30 30
25 + - - - - - - - t - t 25------- 25 25 25 25
25 - - - - - - -
25 - - - - - --
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
w
0
+:- -
15 t l//r~ l 6
~
RG0 8000 ,
I 15
. RG , 600)
15 15 15 15 15
10 +--- ~ 11 11 ~I 10 10 t J 10 10 10 10 10
~ ~
--
RG~
0I t 1 1 I r 1 1 r t I 0I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t I I 0
. ~
RG 0 1000
0
- RG:2000
0
- RG • 2-000
0
,........ RG:200)
01020304050 0 10 20 30 40 50 ◊ --------
0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50
RF(mlkm) RF (mlkm ) RF(mlkmj RF{m!<m} RF(m!<m) RF{mlkmj RF{mlkmj RF{mlkm}
Figure D.5 Economic Cost of Operation of Two Wheeler

Single Lane lnterniediate Lane Two lane Four lane Six Lane Expressway (Four Lane) Expressway Six Lane) Utban Expressway (Eight Lane)
35 - ------ 35...-- - - - - - - - . 35 ..-- - - - - - - , 35 35 35 35 35

RG=8000
30 +------+-II 30 - - - - - --1 30 - - - - - - - 30 30 30 30 30
2s - - - - - - - + -r1 2s - - - - - --1 25 - - - - - --i 25 25 25 25 25
E
~ 20 I II ,RG=60:
' 20 20 20 20 20 20
C
2
w ~
0
01
~t
~
(.)
15 uq
I Il
15
t
RG=8000 ~
1, I RG =liOOO I 15 15 15 15 15
'G =4000 RG=4000
10 I / l JI f I 10 I /l/l 10 . 1 - - - - - - - 10 10 10 10 10
RG=4000 RG= <IOOO RG=4000 RG=4000 RG=4000

A _...& _..,.a _...& ~
r""'"""' RG=2000
,.......... RG =2000
- RG =2000 - RG= 2000
,......... RG=2000
0 I 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 I 0 11111111111 0 1111111111 1 0 0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 SC
RF (mlkm) RF(mlkm) RF(mlkm) RF(mlkm) RF(mlkm ) RF(mlkm) RF(mlkm ) RF(mlkm) ;o
0
Figure D.6 Financial Cost of Operation ofTwo Wheeler (J)
""CJ
w
0
I
N
0
->.
co
:::0
()
(f)
-a
w
0
"D
Single Lane lntemiediate lane Two lane Four Lane Six Lane Expressway (Four Lane) Expressway Six lane) Urban Expressway (Eight Lane) N
0
90 RG=SOOO 90□. 90 f I 90 f I 90 f I 90 f I 90f I ~

80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80
RG=6000
70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70
RG=8000
RG •4000
60c. 60 G•600060LJ
RG•MOO
60t I 60 60 60 60
- RG•40000
E
&~
I
,§
~ +------~ ~ , ~~~------~ ~ ~ ~ ~
c..v 'E
g f• □ 40.G 1 40[7G•2000 j 40! RG3 401 RG:4000J 401 RG=~ 401 RG• 4000J 40t RG•4000
30 . 30+--------1 30+--------1 3 0 1 ~4 ')Y-tYY<i 30 I ~BH. M 30 L.... ~ bL:,liUi l 30 I ~ ] 30
20 +-------! 20+--------1 20+--------1 20 + - - - - - - - ! 20 I 20+--- -----1 20 +--------1 20+-------l
i0 +------~ 10 +---------1 10 +-------1 10 +---------1 10------- 10 +---------1 10------- 10-------
0 10 20 30
RF(m/km)
40 50 0 10 20 30
RF(mlkm)
40 50 o-------
0 10 20 30
RF(mlkm)
40 50 0 10 20 30
RF(mlkm)
40 50 0 10 20 30
RF(mlkm)
40 50 0 10 20 30
RF(m/km)
40 50 0 10 20 30
RF(mlkm)
40 50 01020304050
RF(m/km)
Figure D.7 Economic Cost of Operation of Bus

Single Lane lntennediate Lane Two Lane Four lane Six Lane Expressway (Four Lane) Expressway Sbc Lane) Urban Expressway (Eight Lane)
90 I __ uu r , n
90 l I 90 l I 90 t I 90 t I 90 t I 90 t I
90
80 1 ., .. ,
l I fl
:G:4000
80
l RG=6000
80
G•6000
80 80 80 80 80
RG=6000
10
60
I
·G•~
,, ff'f 1','J" I
I
70
60 60
70
RG • 4000
60
J
·LJ '"LJ '"b
60 60 60
70
60
so b'i'1' I so 1,,s.¥.,Y I 50 I ,Sii, 4 - ---- I sol

RG•4000
7 $0 f RG•4000 l
> sor
RG=4000
,~ 50 r ,,_ --···,,.J
50
t RG•4000
'c'
~
w
0
...... 40 40 40 40 9< l 40 L,Bi4 l 40 ~ < I 40 i,ea I 40
30 +---------1 30 +------- 30 + - - - - - - - 30 + - - - - - - - - , 30 + - - - - - -----1 30 +------- 30 + - - - - - - - 1 30 +-------
20 + - - - - - - - - - < 20 + - - - - - - - 20 +------- 20 -t------- 20 + - - - - - - - 20 + - - - - - --1 20 + - - - - - - - 1 20 +-------
10 1---------1 10 +--------1 10 +---------4 10 +--------1 10 + - - - - - - - 10 + - - - - - - --1 10 +--------1 10 +--------1
O+-+-t-_.....,__+-+~ 0 I I I I II I I I I I o.............................- o.....,..,_....,.......,...,......,.-1 0 ..................................-1 0 .......................,..,....-i

0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 SC
RF(mlkm) RF(mlkm) RF(mlkm) RF(mlkm) RF(mlkm) RF(mlkm) RF(mlkm)
RF(mlkm) ;:o
()
Figure D.8 Financial Cost of Operation of Bus Cl)
""'CJ
(,u
0
I
N
0
....,..
c.o
:::0
()
(./)
"U
w
0
I
Single la/le lntennediate Lane Two la/le Four la/le Six Lane Expressway (Foor la/le) Expressway Six Lane) Urban Expressway (Eight Lane) I\.)
so~- - - - - ~ 90..--- - - - - - .
.....
0
90,-- - - - - - - , 90 ..--- - - - - - - , 90 ,--- - - - - - , 90 , -- - - - - ~ 90 ,--- - - - - - , 90 ..-- - - - - - - , co
80 - - - - - ---l 80 - 1 - - - - - --1 80 + - - - - - --1 80 + - - - - - --1 80 + - - - - - ---1 80 - - - - - ---1 80 + - - - - - - - 1 80 +-------
70 +-------1 70 + - - - - - ---l 70 + - - - - - ---l 70 + - - - - - ---l 70 +------- 70 + - - - - - --I 70 + - - - - - --I 70 +-------
60 +--------1 60 +--- --- 60 - - - - -- 60 +------ 60 +------ 60 - - - -- - 60 - - - - - - 60
e
I!:
§~ 50 ~ RG~m
50 50 50 50 50 50 50
u)
0
CO
~
~
8_
o 40
~
0
RG•6000
RG•4DOOO
40 I
~ I A
RG =BOOO
_
RG•6000
40
RG-40000
RG •SOOO
40 - - - - - -
RG•4DOOO
40 - - - - -----1 40 - - - - -- 40 - - - - -----1 40
-~ .! # ·J. .I L I .! M'.::J .t ...~1 . t 00

·-:.1 . 1 HJ •
20 ~ 20--------1 20 + - - - - ---1 20 ~ - - - --i 20 F I 20 t - - - - - ---1 20 F I 20
10 + - - - - - ---1 10 + - - - - - --t 10 - - - - - --1 10 - - - - - ---1 10 _ _ _ _ _ __, 10 - - - - - ---< 10 - + - - - - - -- 10 1 - - - - - - --1
O_ _ _ _ _ _...,. 0I I I I I I II I I I O- - - - - - - O_ _ _ _ _ _.... O -------1 O _ _ _ _ _ __, O_ _ _ _ _ __, O _ __ _ _ __,
0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50
RF(mlkm) RF(m/km) RF(m/km) RF(mikm) RF(m/km) RF(m/km) RF(m/km) RF(mlkm)
Figure D.9 Economic Cost of Operation of Light Commercial Vehicles (LCV)

Single lane lrrtermooiate Lane Two Lane Four Lane Six Lane Expressway (Four Lane) Expressway Six Lane) l!fban Expressway (Eight Lane)
90,.---- - - - - - , 90 ..-- - - - - - , 90 90 ..-- - - - - - , 90..--- - - - -.... 90 ..--- - - - ----, go..-- - - - - 90 .--- - - - - - ,
80 t - - - - - --t 80 +-------- 80 t - - - - - --. 80 + - - - - - --1 80 + - - - - - --1 80 - - - - - --i 80 - - - - - - - so ------.. .
70 l RG=BOOO
A 70 70 70 70 70 70 70
'RG•6000 RG•8000
60 I 60 60 60 60
RG=4000 =
(.,.)
] SC l Jl i Dt::: - 'lMn
+-;I" I
as-: 1 RG•~ ca l RG=U) so l RG=U~ so l RG=4-000) 50
0
(!)
- 40 I ,f!WP' I 40 I ,I'll I 40 I
• 40 I ,, ..- ·-· 40 I . 40 I :a. 40 I . 40
30 - - - - ---1 30 - - - - - -- 30 --------1 30 - - - - - --1 30 ~ - - - - --l 30 - - - - - --1 30 ~ - - - - ---, 30 - - - - - --
20 +---- - - --t 20 - - - - - - - 20 - - - - - - - 20 - - - - - - - 20 ..... --------l 20 +------ --. 20 - - - - - --1 20 - - - - - - -
10 +-- - - - ---t 10 +--- - - -- -1 10 +----- - ---- 10 - - - ----i 10 - -- - -- ~ 10 - - -- - -- 10 +---------1 10 +--- -- -- -1
o-------
0 10 20 30 40
RF(mlkm)
50 o 10 20 30 40
RF(mlkm)
so
0I I I I I I I I I I
01020304050
RF (mlkm)
I
o------- o---.. .---
0 10 20 30 40
RF(mlkm)
50 0 10 20 30 40
RF (mlkm)
50
o....,_..,...,...,....,.....,._
0 10 20 30 40
RF (mlkm)
50
a ...................,._...,._
01020 30 40 50
RF(mlkm)
a.-........,..._....,._
O 10 20 30 40
RF (mlkm)
SC
:::0
0
Figure D.10 Financial Cost of Operation of Light Commercial Vehicles (LCV) Cl)
7J
w
0
I
N
0
.......
co
:::0
()
CfJ
"U
w
0
I
Single Lane Intermediate Lane Two lane Foor lane Six Ulle Expressway (Four Lane) Expressway Six Lane) Uban Expressway (Eight l.a1e) N
0
->.
90 ..-- - - - - - , 90 ...-- - - - - - - , 90 ..-- - - - - - , 90.-- - - - - - , 90 ..-- - - - - - 90..-- - - - - - 90..-- - - - - - 90 ..-- - - - -... co
80 - 1 - - - - - - -1 80 80 - - - - - - - 80 80 80 - - - - - - - 80 - - - - - - - 80 +--------1
70 70 70 70 70 70
"H
70
RG•SOOO 60 60 60 60 60 60
60 60
RG •6000 t RG •8000 J
-~ 50 I lit ,r so 50 50 50 50 50 50
uJ ~
...... ~
~ t
0 ~ t ~ RG•4~g, RG•6000
t t t 40
I I
40 40
Mor.:&n:n RG•4000:;! 40
RG •4000
40
RG•403J 40
RG •4000
RG • 4000
30 ~,,.,,,,. I 30 f""'S6i5 ,c; n~---""I 30 I > ~,;;,;-,.:; l 30 I ,s, ... I 30 I 30 I ,Si 4 I 30 I ,-tsr I 30
t ,,
20 --------1 20 20 - - - - - - - 20 20 20 - - - - - - - 20 - - - - - - - 20 --------1
10 i - - - - - - - - - - l 10 10 - - - - - - - - - - 1 10 --------1 iO. i - - - - - ---1 10 1 - - - - - - - - - 1 10 1---------1 10 ---------1
O+--<-+----+----+--l o1 1, 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 o.i..........-......................i o I,,, 1 , 1, 1, 1 0 +-+-+-....;,-+-1->-+-+-1 o...,.-+-+-+....+-+-+-+-1

o 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 O 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50
D~~ ~~~ D~~ ~~~ ~~ ~~~ D~~ ~~~
Figure 0.11 Economic Cost of Operation of Two Axle Heavy Commercial Vehicles (HCV)
-~™--
Single Lane kltennediiie l.Jlle Two Lane Foor lane Six lane Expressway (Foor l.Jlle) Expressway Six Lane) liban Expressway {Eight lane)
-~· :Q ·r==7
90 90 90 90
RG =8000
RG=SOOO
80 80 80 80 l I 80 l I 80 80
RG =8000
l
RG=4000
70 l 7////l l 70 m RG=~ 70
I 70 t
l
70 70 70
RG =6000
G=4000
t
;®5j 60
l t t l 60 60
60 W ' & I
60
J1RG=4~~ t RG =4000
60
l 60
RG=4000
ie P0'
50 "u =,wu1
5o f7g"ff I 50 ]
#&1 l 50
/41 I 50
RG:400)
/J
1
50 l m 50 l RG=4000
IA
I 50
t RG•4000
u.) ~
--" •
--" 8 40
0 40 r, ... I 40 ....JO(;, l 40 i<_i,K/' I 40 I ,,,,;;,c I 40 L<.ar.,c I 40 I ,,.,.,,, 40
;;
0
()
30 l I 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
20 - + - - - - - ---t 20 - - - - - ---1 20 . j , , . . - - - - ---1 20 + - - - - - --1 20 + - - - - - --1 20 + - - - - - --1 20 + - - - - - --1 20 - - - - - ---1
10 + - - - - - --I 10 - - - - - ---t 10 - - - - - - ---t 10 - - - - - - ---t 10 - + - - - - - ---t 10 - + - - - - - - - - t 10 - + - - - - - ---t 10 + - - - - - ---t
0 ------+---I 0I t I I I I I I I I I 0I I
I I I I I I I I I 0 I I I I I I I I I I I 0 +-t--+-............-.-+-+-1 0 - ............................--t 0 +.......-.................+-+-1 0 +-,,-t-,-,......,......,._
0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 1020304050 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 5C
RF(mlkm) RF(m/km) RF(m/km) RF(mlkm) RF (mlkm) RF (mlkm) RF!rn/km) RF (mlkm) :::0
()
Figure D.12 Financial Cost of Operation of Heavy Commercial Vehicles (HCV) (/)
""CJ
(.,.)
0
I
I\.)
0
....>.
co
:::0
()
(f)
-0
w
0
I
Single Lane lntermediiie Lane Two lane Four lane Six Lane ExplllSSway (Four Lane) Expressway Six Lane) Urbal Expressway (Eight Lane)
·o ·o ·o ·o ·o ·n
l'v
.....
0
90 90 co
so I
rn,,.l'□
80 80 80 80 80 80
RG =8000
RG=40000
10 I ' ' I 1'j
ff/ 70 ~ 70 70 70 70 70
RG=6~ 1
RG=SOOO i
·o
RG =40000
I l ,~~IA
·□
60 /////// J 60 60 60 60
60 f
RG=4000 ,J RG=4000
i
I ,,C,t//A~L I I ,{hZI I t
50 f 2.' /',' ,.,, 50 50 50 5
0 RG=4000
50
A
so I RG•.4000 J' 50
t
r - - - ·- - - - - - ··- -¥¥~ • - - - --- -··· . # 0 I 0
RG =4000
.....
(.,..)
,,,,c,,
I'\) ::'. 40 V l 40 1'.2'75' 40 r,carrF I 40 I ;,fJII,' 40 I ,t,,,s, I 40 I l 40 I ,,S~c! ~ 40
30 ..___ _ _ ____, 30 + - - - - ---1 30 + - - - - -----1 30 +-----~ 30 V I 30 i - - - - - ---1 30 v· 1 30 F9""' I
20 -1--------, 20 20 +-- ----- 20 - - - - - - - 20 + - - - - - ---i 20 - - - - - - --- 20 - - - - - - ---1 20 - - - - - - ---1
10 -1------- 10 -1------- 10 ....- - - - - - - - ' 10 +------- 10 +------- 10 -1---------- 10 -1----------- 10 +---------
o,...._.....____ o 0 ..............- ..........-... 0 +-1-+-.....i-+-+---+-< o l,, 1, 1,,, 1 I ol, 11 1 1 , , 11 I 0,1-_.,.___....,............, 0 .1-..................................

0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50
ITT ~ ~ ITT-~ ITT~~ ITT~~ ITT-~ ITT~~ ITT-~ ITT-~
Figure D.13 Economic Cost of Operation of Multi Axle Heavy Commercial Vehicles (MCV)
---
Single lane lntennediate Lane Two Lane Four Lane Six Lane Expressway (Four Lane) Expressway Six Lane) Ulban Expressway (Eight Lane)
·o -□ -□
RG=8000 RG =6000 RG =4000 RG=8000 RG =6000 RG= 4000
90 , , , , ,..,,,..., 90 ,
r
IIJJL I ""□
90 u 11111 I I I I l h 90
··-·
RG=4000 RG=4000
90
I
so t,'i'Y'r I so f,',r:.'?'Jl'P I sol 80 80 80 80
RG=4000
• RG=4000
70 ,., I 10V/4'/ I 10 LI//// I t 70 ///! t 70 ,t1 70 t ,wl 70 70

t RG= 4000
60 _ _ _ _ _ __
60 - 1 - - - - - ---1 60 - - - - - - - so I ,r,«,< l 60 I 7'J'/ I 60 I ,r,• ✓ I so I ,• h/ ~~ l 60 I ,'J'1' I
50 + - - - - - - . . . j 50 _;..__ _ _ _..... 1,<,« I

50 - t - - - - - -..... 50 + - - - - - - - - 50 + - - - - - - - i 50 + - - - - - - --1 50 E/ l 50
w
->.
w 40 ; , - - - - - -..... 40 - t - - - - - --1 40 -------1 40 -------1 40 - - - - - --! 40 + - - - - - - - - - 1 40 - - - - - - 40 + - - - - - --!
30 - - - - - ---1 30 + - - - - - - --1 30 + - - - - - - - 1 30 +-------1 30 - - - - - -..... 30 - - - - - - - ; 30 - - - - - - - 30 ; , - - - - - - - - 1
20 + - - - - - --t 20 - - - - - - - 1 20 - t - - - - - - - - 20 - - - - - - 20 -------1 20------ 20 - - - - - - 20------

10 + - - - - - - - t 10 + - - - - - - . . . j 10 t--------, 10 -------1 10 - - - - - - - - 1 10 + - - - - - - - 10 + - - - - - - - 10 + - - - - - - - t
0 _ _ _ _ _ _.....
0 +-+_ _ _ _ _..... o+-+_____..... o+-+_____.....
0 11111111111 0 +-+-+-...+-...,..i--+-+-+-l 0+-t-i-.-;,-,...;,.......,....-
0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0-
0 -
10 -
20 -30-40
-....50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 5(
RF(mlkm) RF(mlkm) RF (mlkm) RF(mlkm) RF(mlkm) RF(mlkm) RF(mlkm) RF(mlkm) :::0
0
Figure D.14 Financial Cost of Operation of Multi Axle Heavy Commercial Vehicles (MCV) U)
"'O
(..u
0
I
N
0
....>.
<O
(The Official amendments to this document would be published by
the IRC in its periodical, 'Indian Highways' which shall be
considered as effective and as part of the Code/Guidelines/Manual,
etc. from the date specified therein)
ISBN 978-93·86512-62-8
11111

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IRC:SP:30-2019

First Published December, 1984

(All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication shall be reproduced,

Printed at India Offset Press, Delhi - 110 064

5. No. Description Page No.

Personnel of the Highways Specifications and Standards Committee

Glossary of Terms iii

2. Basic Concepts of Economic Analysis 3

3. Time Value of Money 5

4. Total Transportation Cost 8

5. Determination of Highway Costs 8

7. Techniques of Economic Evaluation 23

2 Balakrishna, Y. Additional Director General, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways,

4 Behera, Bijan Kumar Engineer-in-Chief (Civil) (Retd.), Odisha

27 The Chief Engineer PWD Arunachal Pradesh

3 Veeraragavan, Prof. (Dr.) A. Professor, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras

1 President, (Basar, Tali), Chief Engineer, PWD Arunachal Pradesh

3 Secretary General, Nirmal, Sanjay Kumar

2L Two Lane Undivided Carriageway

4L Four Lane Divided Carriageway

6L Six Lane Divided Carriageway

8L Eight Lane Divided Carriageway

A End-of-year Equal Annual Payments for n years

ADT Average Daily Traffic

B/C or B-C Benefit-Cost Radio

Bl British Towed Fifth Wheel Bump Integrator

Bt Value of Benefits which occur in the year t

C Cars including Small and Big

CFO Distance related Congestion Factor

CFT Time related Congestion Factor

CIF Cost Insurance and Freight

CHC Commodity Holding Cost in ~/km

CRF Capital Recovery Factor

CRRI Central Road Research Institute

CSIR Council of Scientific and Industrial Research

cw Crew Cost in ~/km

DC Depreciation Cost in ~/km

DCF Discounted Cash Flow

EOL Engine Oil in liters/1000 km

F Sum of Money at a Future Date

FXT Fixed Cost in ~/km

FC Fuel Consumption in cc/km

GNP Gross National Product

HGV Two-Axle Heavy Commercial Vehicles

HOM Highway Development and Maintenance

Interest Rate (compound) per annum or Discount Rate

lndo-HCM Indian Highway Capacity Manual

IL Intermediate Lane Carriageway

IRC Indian Roads Congress

IRI International Roughness Index

IRR Internal Rate of Return

LC Maintenance and Labor Cost in ~/km

LCV Light Commercial Vehicles

MARR Minimum Attractive Rate of Return

MCV Multi-Axle Heavy Commercial Vehicles

MORTH Ministry of Road Transport and Highways

MOST Ministry of Surface Transport

NHDP National Highway Development Program