Code No: R1932022 R19 SET - 1

III B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, June-2022

POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75
Answer any FIVE Questions ONE Question from Each unit
All Questions Carry Equal Marks
*****
UNIT-I
1. a) Develop the relation between bus admittance matrix, bus incidence [8M]
matrix and primitive admittance matrix.
b) For the transmission system with the following line specifications, [7M]
compute the bus admittance matrix:

Bus code Line Half Line

Impedance charging
(p.u) admittance
(p.u)
1-2 0.08+ j 0.32 j 0.04
1-3 0.04+ j 0.16 j 0.03
2-3 0.02+ j 0.08 j 0.01
(OR)
2. Three phase generators G1 and G2 supply motor loads M1, M2 and [15M]
M3, as shown in Fig.1. Transformers T1 and T2 are rated at
100 MVA and 33/10 kV, each has a reactance of 0.08 p.u. Assume
100 MVA and 33 kV are used as base values, obtain all the
reactance’s as per unit values and draw p.u reactance diagram.

Fig.1
UNIT-II
3. a) Explain the necessity of power flow studies. [6M]
b) Write an algorithm for computational procedure for load flow [9M]
solution using Gauss-Seidal method when the system contains all
types of buses.
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 Code No: R1932022 R19 SET - 1

(OR)
4. a) Explain the polar coordinates method of Newton–Raphson load flow [8M]
solution.
b) Compare the Newton–Raphson method, decoupled method and fast [7M]
decoupled method.
UNIT-III
5. Form the bus impedance matrix for the network shown, in Fig.2, [15M]
using building algorithm.

Fig.2

(OR)
6. a) What do you understand by short circuit MVA? Explain. [5M]
b) A power plant has three generating units each rated at 7500 kVA [10M]
with 15 % reactance. The plant is protected by a tie line system.
With reactance’s rated at 7500 MVA and 6 %, determine the fault
kVA when a short circuit occurs on one of the sections of bus bars.
If the reactors were not present what would be the fault kVA?
UNIT-IV
7. a) What are symmetrical components? Explain. [8M]
b) A positive, negative and zero sequence components of line currents [7M]
are 20100 A, 6600 A and 3300 A respectively. Determine the
three line currents, assume (i) phase sequence abc and (ii) phase
sequence acb.
(OR)
8. a) Draw the sequence network connection for a double line to ground [8M]
fault at any point in a power system and from that obtain an
expression for the fault current.
b) A three phase, 6.9 kVA, 10 MVA alternator has X” = X2 = 15 % and [7M]
X0 = 5%. The neutral is grounded through a reactor of 0.381 Ohms.
Find the sub transient current in the faulted phase, when a single
line to ground fault takes place.

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 Code No: R1932022 R19 SET - 1

UNIT-V
9. a) Derive swing equation for a single machine connected to infinite [8M]
bus system. State the assumptions if any and state the usefulness
of this equation.
b) Two synchronous machines of equal rating have internal voltages of [7M]
(1.1 + j0.5) and (0.8 –j 0.4) p.u, respectively. The machines are
connected by a line of 50 km length having only reactance and the
second machine receives power of 0.9 p.u. Determine the reactance
of the line per km length. Assume that there is no internal
reactance for simplification.
(OR)
10. a) Describe the recent methods to improve the transient stability. [7M]
b) A generator is supplying 0.8 p.u power to infinite bus system [8M]
through a reactive transmission network. The maximum power
which can be delivered is 2 p.u. A three phase fault occurs on the
system and hence the maximum power which can be delivered by
the generator, reduces to 0.5 p.u. In the post fault condition, the
maximum power which the generator can deliver is 1.5 p.u.
Compute critical clearing angle by applying equal area criterion.

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 Code No: R1932022 R19 SET - 2

III B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, June-2022

POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75
Answer any FIVE Questions ONE Question from Each unit
All Questions Carry Equal Marks
*****
UNIT-I
1. a) What is meant by a primitive network? Give the representation [7M]
of a network component in admittance form.
b) For the transmission system with the following line [8M]
specifications, form the bus admittance matrix by direct
inspection method.

Bus code p-q Impedance, Half Line charging

p.u admittance, p.u
(Zp-q) '
Y PQ
( )
2
1-2 0.04 0.02+ j j 0.02
2-3 0.2 0.04+ j j 0.02
3-5 0.4 0.15+ j j 0.025
3-4 0.06 0.02+ j j 0.01
4-5 0.04 0.02+ j j 0.01
1-5 0.2 0.08+ j j 0.02
(OR)
2. Draw a per unit reactance diagram for the system shown in [15M]
Fig.1.

11 kV

11 kV
11 kV

Fig.1
UNIT-II
3. a) Derive the static load flow equations of a power system. [6M]
b) Discuss the various types of buses and their significance in [9M]
details.

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 Code No: R1932022 R19 SET - 2

(OR)
4. The following data are given for a three bus power system: [15M]
Bus 1 slack bus V specified = 1.0500
Bus 2 PV bus V specified = 1.02 p.u, PG = 3 p.u
Bus 3 PQ bus PL = 4 p.u, QL = 2 p.u
Line reactance in p.u are given below:
Bus code Impedance
1-2 j 0.5
2-3 j 0.5
3-1 j 0.5
Carry out one iteration of load flow solution using Gauss-Seidal
method. Take Q limits of generator 2 as 0 Q 4.
UNIT-III
5. For the system shown in Fig.2, form the bus impedance matrix [15M]
using building algorithm.

Fig.2

(OR)
6. a) Explain the three phase short circuit currents on unloaded [8M]
synchronous generator with neat diagrams.
b) A three phase, 25 MVA, 11 kV alternator has internal reactance [7M]
of 6 %. Find the external reactance per phase to be connected in
series with the alternator so that steady state short circuit
current does not exceed six times the full load current.
UNIT-IV
7. a) Derive an expression for power in a 3-phase circuit in terms of [8M]
symmetrical components.
b) Obtain the expression for fault current of LLL fault occur at [7M]
terminals of unloaded alternator and draw its equivalent circuit.

(OR)
8. a) Derive an expression for the fault current for a double line fault [7M]
as an unloaded generator and draw its equivalent diagram.

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 Code No: R1932022 R19 SET - 2

b) A generator of negligible resistance having 1.0 p.u voltage behind [8M]

transient reactance is subjected to different types of faults. The
p.u values of the magnitudes of the fault currents are 3 phase
fault-3.33 p.u., line to line fault-2.23 p.u and line to ground
fault-3.01 p.u. Find the percentage values of sequence
reactance’s.
UNIT-V
9. a) State the bad effects of instability. Distinguish between steady [8M]
state and transient stabilities.
b) A 50 Hz, 4 pole turbo alternator rated 100 MVA, 11 kV has an [7M]
inertia constant of 8 MJ/MVA. Find (i) the energy stored in the
rotor at synchronous speed and (ii) the rotor acceleration, if the
mechanical input is suddenly raised to 80 MW for an electric
load of 50 MW. (Neglect mechanical and electrical losses).
(OR)
10. a) State and explain equal area criterion. [8M]
b) Discuss the methods by which the transient stability can be [7M]
improved.

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 Code No: R1932022 R19 SET - 3

III B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, June-2022

POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75
Answer any FIVE Questions ONE Question from Each unit
All Questions Carry Equal Marks
*****
UNIT-I
1. a) Using the graph theory concepts, explain the following matrices: [7M]
(i) Element node incidence matrix and (ii) bus incidence matrix.
b) Form the Ybus by inspection for a 4 bus system, if the line series [8M]
impedances are as given below:
Line (bus to Impedance
bus) (p.u)
1-2 0.15+ j 0.6
1-3 0.1+ j 0.4
1-4 0.15+ j 0.6
2-3 0.05+ j 0.2
3-4 0.05+ j 0.2

(OR)
2. Draw an impedance diagram for the system shown in Fig.1, [15M]
expressing all values as per unit values.

Z = 0.15 pu

Fig.1
UNIT-II
3. a) Compare Gauss-Seidal method and Newton-Raphson method in [8M]
detail.
b) Derive the basic equations for load flow study using Gauss-Seidal [7M]
method.

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 Code No: R1932022 R19 SET - 3

(OR)
4. The following data, given in Fig.2, pertains to a simple three bus [15M]
power system. Compute the three bus voltages at the end of first
iteration using fast decoupled method. The line impedances shown
are in p.u. The bus data is as follows (all data in p.u):

Bus 𝑃𝐺 𝑄𝐺 𝑃𝐿 𝑄𝐿 |𝑉𝑆𝑃 |
1 (Slack) - - - - 1.0
2 (PV) 5.3217 - - - 1.1
3 (PQ) - - 3.6392 0.5339 -

Fig.2

UNIT-III
5. Determine Zbus for the networks shown, in Fig.3, using building [15M]
algorithm.

Fig.3
(OR)
6. a) Explain the reactance’s of synchronous machine under three [6M]
phase short circuit occurs at its terminals.
b) There are two generators at bus bar A each rated at 12000 kVA, [9M]
12 % reactance or another bus B, two more generators rated at
10000 kVA with 10 % reactance are connected. The two bus bars
are connected through a reactor rated at 5000 kVA with 10%
reactance. If the dead short circuit occurs between all the phases
on bus bar B, what is the short circuit MVA fed into the fault?

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 Code No: R1932022 R19 SET - 3

UNIT-IV
7. a) What are sequence impedances? Obtain expression for sequence [8M]
impedances in a balanced static 3-phase circuit.
b) Determine the symmetrical components for the three phase [7M]
currents.
IR= 1500 A, IY= 152300 A and IB= 151300 A
(OR)
8. a) Derive an expression for the fault current for a double line fault as [8M]
an unloaded generator and draw its equivalent diagram.
b) A 20 MVA, 6.6 kV star connected generator has positive, negative [7M]
and zero sequence reactance’s of 30%, 25% and 7% respectively.
A reactor with 5% reactance based on the rating of the generator is
placed in the neutral to ground connection. A line to ground fault
occurs at the terminals of the generator when it is operating at
rated voltage. Find the initial symmetrical line to ground rms fault
current. Also find the line to line voltages.
UNIT-V
9. a) Explain the steady-state stability with necessary expressions. [8M]
b) Describe the methods to improve steady-state stability. [7M]
(OR)
10. a) Derive an expression for the critical clearing angle for a power [8M]
system consisting of a single machine supplying to an infinite bus,
for a sudden load increment.
b) Find the steady state power limit of a system consisting of a [7M]
generator with a synchronous reactance of 0.4 p.u connected to an
infinite bus through a series reactance of 1.0 p.u. The terminal
voltage is held at 1.0 p.u and the infinite bus voltage is 1.0 p.u.

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 Code No: R1932022 R19 SET - 4
III B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, June-2022
POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 75
Answer any FIVE Questions ONE Question from Each unit
All Questions Carry Equal Marks
*****
UNIT-I
1. a) By using transformation of primitive admittance matrix y, prove [7M]
that bus admittance matrix, YBUS  AT  y A .
b) For the transmission system with the following line [8M]
specifications, determine the bus admittance matrix.

Bus code Impedance Bus Half Line charging

p-q Zp-q , p.u code '
Y PQ
admittance, ( ) p.u
2

1-2 0.06+ j 1 j 0.05

0.18
1-3 0.02+ j 2 j 0.06
0.06
2-3 0.04+ j 3 j 0.05
0.12
(OR)
2. Draw an impedance diagram for the system, shown in Fig.1, [15M]
expressing all values as per unit values.

Fig.1

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 Code No: R1932022 R19 SET - 4

UNIT-II
3. Carry out one iteration of load flow analysis of the system given [15M]
below by Gauss-Seidal method.
Bus No. Bus Type V p.u p.u. generation p.u load
P Q P Q
1 Slack 1.02 - - - -
2 P-V 1.0 0.8 - - -
3 P-Q -- - - 1.0 0.4
Line reactance’s in p.u are given below:
Bus code Reactance
1-2 j 0.5
2-3 j 0.5
3-1 j 0.5
(OR)
4. a) Derive the basic equations for load flow study using decoupled [7M]
method.
b) Write an algorithm for computational procedure for load flow [8M]
solution using Newton-Raphson polar coordinates form method
when the system contains all types of buses.
UNIT-III
5. Using the method of building algorithm find the bus impedance [15M]
matrix for the network shown in Fig.2.

Fig.2

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 Code No: R1932022 R19 SET - 4

(OR)
6. a) Draw the oscillogram of short circuit current, when an unloaded [8M]
generator is subjected to symmetrical fault, clearly marking
sub-transient, transient and steady state regions. Discuss them.
b) A synchronous generator rated at 500 kVA, 440 V, 0.1 p.u sub [7M]
transient reactance is supplying a passive load of 400 kW at 0.8
p.f lagging. Calculate the initial symmetrical RMS current for a
3-phase fault at the generator terminals.
UNIT-IV
7. a) Explain the sequence networks for an synchronous generator. [5M]
b) The line voltages across a three phase, wye-connected load, [10M]
consisting of a 10 ohm resistance in each phase are unbalanced
such that Vab = 11320 V, Vbc = 25200 V and Vca = 1951220 V.
Determine the sequence phase voltages. Then find the voltages
across the 10 Ohm resistances and calculate line currents.
(OR)
8. a) Derive an expression for the fault current for a single line to [8M]
ground fault as an unloaded generator and draw its equivalent
diagram.
b) A 125 MVA, 22 kV turbo generator having Xd” = X1 = X2 = 22 % [7M]
and X0 = 6% has a current limiting reactor of 0.16 Ohm in the
neutral, while it is operating on no-load at rated voltage a double
line to ground fault occurs on two phases. Find the initial
symmetrical rms fault current to the ground.
UNIT-V
9. a) Discuss the various methods of improving steady state stability [8M]
b) Generator rated 75 MVA is delivering 0.8 p.u power to a motor [7M]
through a transmission line of reactance j0.2 p.u. The terminal
voltage of the generator is 1.0 p.u and that of the motor is also
1.0 p.u. Determine the generated e.m.f. behind transient
reactance. Fins also the maximum power that can be transferred.
(OR)
10. a) A double circuit line feeds an infinite bus from a power station. If [8M]
a fault occurs on one of the lines and the line is switched off,
derive an expression for the critical clearing angle.
b) Describe the methods of improving the transient stability limit of [7M]
a power system.

*****
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