“When pH Matters”

Harvey Swain
About | Air Water Inc.

• Acquired TOMCO2 Systems

February 23, 2018
• Headquartered in Osaka, japan
with - $6B in Annual Sales (98% in
Japan)
• >12,000 Employees
• A Market Leader in Japan Industrial
Gas & Cryogenic Equipment
• Focus on International Acquisitions
• Preference towards US
manufacturing companies with
engineered industrial gas products
• Acquire, Invest & Grow
About | Why is CO2 Important?

Carbon Dioxide reacted with water

produces Carbonic Acid.
The importance of this reaction will
determine your success rate of
remineralization. Your goal is to produce
drinkable water containing the correct
amount calcium bicarbonate (LSI &
Alkalinity).
Remineralization

Remineralization is the process replenishing

the minerals in the permeate water after the
Reverse Osmosis process. This process begins
by taking the permeate water, which is
aggressive and corrosive in nature and is not
suitable for direct use as potable water or
introduction into a distribution system and
adding the minerals back. By adding back
the alkalinity and dissolved minerals in the
desalinated water, the water becomes
ready for potable use. H2CO3 + CaCO3 ¯ = Ca(HCO3)2
carbonic acid + calcium carbonate = calcium bicarbonate
Direct CO2 Gas Injection

Direct CO2 Gas Injection System is the

traditional method for using Carbon
Dioxide for pH control.
▪ This system is designed to inject
CO2 gas into a water source.
Once the gas dissolves, it will
produces carbonic acid. The
carbonic acid then reacts with
the alkalis present in the water,
neutralizing them, thus reducing
the pH.
▪ Efficiency of the CO2 Gas transfer
depends on numerous factors like
water chemistry, injection point
design, and physical condition
located at injection point.
Direct CO2 Gas Injection | Effects of Lime Slurry (Milk)

Injecting CO2 Gas directly into the

permeate stream will cause a slow
chemical reaction of Lime and CO2
leading into Calcium Carbonate
Precipitation.
Pressurized Solution Feed (PSF)

TOMCO2's Pressurized Solution Feed System™ is the

most Eco-Friendly Carbon Dioxide pH Control system
on the market. Our technology is designed to
maximize the conversion of CO2 gas into carbonic
acid, utilizing more than 95% of the CO2 required. By
accomplishing this efficiency, our system prevents the
off gassing of CO2 back into the atmosphere.
Equipment | CO2 Storage Tank & Vaporizer System

CO2 Storage Systems CO2 Ambient Vaporizers

Common to Both Types of Injection Systems

Equipment | Direct CO2 Gas Injection System

CO2 Gas Feed System CO2 Gas Dissolver CO2 Gas Injection
With Lime Milk

Chemical Mixer Degasser Towers

 Equipment | Direct CO2 Gas Injection System

Motive/ Carrier PSF System Carbonic Acid

Water System “Carbonic Acid” Solution Diffuser
OPEX | Chemical Usage Efficiency

Cost of CO2 $480.00 Per Metric Ton

CO2 Dosage 55 Kg/hr.

Total Used Per Day 1,320 Kilograms

Cost of CO2 $231,264.00 Per Year

Direct Gas CO2 Injection 54% Efficiency

(Based on Henry’s Law 30°C 1,000 kPa)

Carbonic Acid Solution 95% Efficiency

(Based on Henry’s Law 30°C 1,000 kPa)

Difference Between Systems 41% Efficiency

Savings Using the PSF $94,818.00 Per Year

“Carbonic Acid” System
CAPEX | CO2 Gas Injection System
Carbon Dioxide Gas System
(55 kg/hr.)
Carbon Dioxide Storage $110,00.00 50 Ton (1 Units)
System (AD-2000 Coded)
Ambient Vaporizer $52,000.00 100 kg/hr. (2 Units)
(Switching System with
Heater & Regulators)
CO2 Gas Injection System $68,000.00 55 kg/hr. (2 Units)

Chemical Mixer $40,000.00 450 mm (18”)

Subtotal System $270,000.00

CO2 Gas Dissolver Price Unknown To Increase Solubility of

CO2 Gas
Degasser Towers Price Unknown Per Year

Total System $$$$$$$

CAPEX | PSF “Carbonic Acid” System
Carbon Acid Solution System
(55 kg/hr.)
Carbon Dioxide Storage $115,00.00 50 Ton (1 Units)
System (AD-2000 Coded)
Ambient Vaporizer $52,000.00 100 kg/hr. (2 Units)
(Switching System with
Heater & Regulators)
PSF System $100,000.00 55 kg/hr. (2 Units)

Motive / Carrier Water $50,000.00 Dual Pump

Subtotal System $317,000.00

Chemical Mixer Not Required

CO2 Gas Dissolver Not Required

Degasser Towers Not Required

Total System $317,000.00

 1000 x mole fraction of CO2 in liquid phase
Partial pressure of CO2 in kPa
t/°C 5 10 20 30 40 50 100
0 0.067 0.135 0.269 0.404 0.538 0.671 1.337
5 0.056 0.113 0.226 0.338 0.451 0.564 1.123
10 0.048 0.096 0.191 0.287 0.382 0.477 0.950
15 0.041 0.082 0.164 0.245 0.327 0.409 0.814
20 0.035 0.071 0.141 0.212 0.283 0.353 0.704
25 0.031 0.062 0.123 0.185 0.247 0.308 0.614
30 0.027 0.054 0.109 0.163 0.218 0.271 0.541
35 0.024 0.048 0.097 0.145 0.193 0.242 0.481
40 0.022 0.043 0.087 0.130 0.173 0.216 0.431
45 0.020 0.039 0.078 0.117 0.156 0.196 0.389
50 0.018 0.036 0.071 0.107 0.142 0.178 0.354
75 0.012 0.025 0.049 0.074 0.099 0.123 0.245
100 0.010 0.020 0.039 0.059 0.079 0.098 0.196
 Start-up Type of CO2 injection
No Name of Plant/ Client Plant Information
Year system
Ma’aden / Alcoa Plant, Plant Capacity 25,000 m3/day
Direct Gas Injection Feed
1 Ras Al Khair Industrial City Type of Treatment 2014
System
Saudi Arabia Remineralization/Alkalinity Control

Plant Capacity 68,140 m3/day

Ras Al Khaimah Desalination Plant, Pressurized Solution Feed
2 Type of post-treatment 2014
Ghalilah, UAE "Carbonic Acid"
Remineralization/Alkalinity Control

Capacity 1 MGD
Sadara Chemical Plant, Pressurized Solution Feed
3 Type of treatment 2015
Al Jubal, Saudi Arabia "Carbonic Acid"
Remineralization/Alkalinity Control

Capacity 1,368 m3/day

Ma'aden Phosphate Company Pressurized Solution Feed
4 Type of post-treatment 2016
Ras Al Khair, Saudi Arabia "Carbonic Acid"
Remineralization/Alkalinity Control

Capacity 100 m3/day

MASDAR Pilot Plant, Pressurized Solution Feed
5 Type of post-treatment 2015
Ghantoot, United Arab Emirates "Carbonic Acid"
Remineralization/Alkalinity Control

Yanbu (10x3000 m3/d containerized plants) Capacity 30,000 m3/day

Direct Gas Injection Feed
6 Plant, Type of post-treatment 2017
System
Yanbu, Saudi Arabia Remineralization/Alkalinity Control

Capacity 200,000 m3/day

200 MLD Independent Water Plant Pressurized Solution Feed
7 Type of post-treatment 2017
Qurayyat, Oman "Carbonic Acid”
Remineralization/Alkalinity Control
 Start-up Type of CO2
No Name of Plant/ Client Plant Information
Year injection system
Rabab Harweel Integrated Project – Capacity 100 m3/day
Direct Gas Injection Feed
8 Water Treatment Plant, Type of post-treatment 2018
Harweel Cluster, Oman Remineralization/Alkalinity Control System

Capacity 30,000 m3/day

El Tor Desalination Plant Pressurized Solution
9
El Tor, Egypt
Type of post-treatment 2018
Remineralization/Alkalinity Control Feed "Carbonic Acid"

Capacity 25,000 m3/day

Ras Al Khair Industrial Waste Water Plant Under Pressurized Solution
10 Type of Treatment
Ras Al Khair, Saudi Arabia Construction Feed "Carbonic Acid"
Wastewater - Metal Removal / pH Control
Complete Carbon Dioxide
“pH Control”
System
Slide | with Graphics

• Acquired by Air Water in 2016

• Global Leader in Cryogenic Tank manufacturing
• Vacuum-Insulated Bulk Tanks
• MicroBulk
• Liquid Cylinder
• BevCarb
• LNG
• Vaporizers
• Vacuum Insulated Piping

• Industry Manufacturer of Cryogenic

Refrigeration Systems for:
• Food Processing
• Pharmaceuticals
• Aeronautic
• Plastics
• Steel