ABSENTEEISM AMONG THE JUNIOR AND SENIOR STUDENTS

OF SUMBILING NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

__________________________________________

A Research Study
Presented to
Faculty of the Senior High Department
Sumbiling National High School
Sumbiling, Bataraza, Palawan

______________________________________________

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for
Practical Research 2

_________________________________________________

By

SAYRIN A. ABDULHALIK
ALFICAR H. ALBANI
JORDAN L. ASLIE
JUMADEL A. BAGA
EUGENE B. BLANDO
CLEFFORD M. SALVADORA
JEREMY M. SIPLAN

March 2018
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE

CHAPTER

I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction
Conceptual/Theoretical Framework
Research Paradigm
Statement of the Problem
Hypothesis
Scope and Delimitation
Significance of the Study
Definition of Terms

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Review of Related Literature
Review of Related Studies

III. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

Research Design
Respondents of the Study
Data Gathering Instrument
Research Procedure
Statistical Tools

IV. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Problem 1
Problem 2
Problem 3
Problem 4

V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary
Conclusions
Recommendations

VI. BIBLIOGRAPHY
VII. APPENDICES
 Chapter I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

This chapter presents the introduction, conceptual framework, and research

paradigm, statement of the problem, hypothesis, scope and delimitations, significance

of the study and definition of terms.

Introduction

A major problem faced by schools across the country is student absenteeism.

Although the problem is pervasive in American schools, the attention focused on this

issue has been inadequate, poor student attendance has far reaching effect in the

individual, the school and society in general. The intent of this paper is to document the

problem, summarize existing research on mediating factors, provide a summary of

interventions for improving students attendance rates in school, and to offer specific

suggestion for school psychologists. In addition, specific attention is given to suggestion

for future research to help expand the current understanding of the causes and

remediation of poor student attendance.

Some of the students incurred absence to earn a living their basic needs and to

finance their education. Those pupil who showed low academic performance need a

constant follow-up for their attendance and requirements. The frequent absences of

these students affect their grades.

Attendance is an important factor in school success among youth. Students show

that better attendance is related to higher academic achievement for students of all

background but particularly for children with lower socio-economic status. Beginning in

kindergarten, students who attend school regularly score higher on test than their peers

who are frequently absent. 3 chronic truancy (frequent unexcused )is a strong predictor
of undesirable outcomes in adolescence, including academic failure, dropping out of

school, substance abuse, gang involvement, and criminal activity. However, chronic

absence (regardless of reason) is increasingly identified as an important “early warning

sign” that a student is at risk for school failure and easy dropout. Chronic absenteeism

is usually defined as missing ten present or more of school days. Unfortunately, few

school districts currently have the capacity to analyze attendance data to identify those

students who are chronically absent, many factors can contribute to student

absenteeism. The physical, psychological, environmental, and social economic differing

community attitude towards education are among that conditions that are often

associated with child’s frequent absence from school.

Conceptual Framework

Education in its broader sense is any act or experience that has a formative

effect on the mind, character or physical ability of an individual. In its technical sense

education is the process by which society deliberately transmits its accumulated

knowledge, skills and values from one generation to another. However, it is affected by

several factors which may affect the individual having it. The factors that affects

student's performance are complex and numerous. Hence, the researchers only chose

those that commonly encountered by students.

Based on the findings of Tadeo, the poor performance of pupils in their academic

work may be attributed to factors such as absenteeism, poor children’s nutrition,

inadequacy of facilities and equipment’s, ineffective teaching strategies and lukewarm

attitude of parents. Many parents especially in the rural areas are always busy earning a

living to support the basic needs of their children. They have lesser time to follow-up

their children’s lessons at home. Some parents do not mind whether their children are

reporting to school regularly or not.

Laya’s theory which stated that it is necessary for teachers to identify areas of

strength and weaknesses as early as possible to make them the basis of their teaching

so that solutions can be derived.1

The researchers would like to ascertain if the academic performance level of the

junior & senior students is influenced by their absences and its possible causes. These

are the concept upon which his study is based.

Research Paradigm

1
 Independent Variables Dependent Variables

Intervening Variable ACADEMIC

STUDENT’S PROFILE
PERFORMANCE
 Age
 Gender POSSIBLE CAUSES BASED ON THE
 Ethnicity OF ABSENTEEISM GENERAL AVERAGE
 Number of  Self-Supporting  Outstanding
Siblings  Financial Support  Very Satisfactory
 Proximity of  Taking Care of  Satisfactory
residence to Younger Siblings
 Parental Support  Fairly Satisfactory
school
 Sickness  Needs
 Teacher Monitoring Improvement

The research paradigm shows that the independent variable on the left box

contains the profile of students in terms of age, gender, ethnicity, number of siblings,

and the proximity of residence to school. The intervening variables are possible causes

of absenteeism; the dependent variable is academic performance of the students based

on general average of all the learning areas which is categorized into outstanding, very

satisfactory, satisfactory, fairly satisfactory, and did not meet expectations.

Statement of the Problem

 This research aims to determine the possible causes of absenteeism among

Sumbiling National High School students. Specifically, it sought to find out the answers

to the following questions;

1. What is the profile of the students in terms of:

a. Age;

b. Gender;

c. Ethnicity;

d. Number of siblings; and

e. Proximity of residence to school

2. What describes the levels of Proficiency of the students in Sumbiling Natioanal

National High School for the school year 2017-20187 in terms of General average?

3. What are the possible causes of students’ absenteeism of the junior & senior

high school students?

4. Is there a significant correlation between the possible causes of absenteeism

and the student’s academic performance?

Hypothesis

The hypothesis were formulated tested at 0.05 level of significance.

1. There is a negative correlation between the possible causes of absenteeism and

the level of student academic performance. Absenteeism affects student’s low

performance.
Scope and Delimitations

This study was delimited in terms of the problem, locale, population and time

frame.

Problem. This study determined, analyzed and correlated the possible causes of

absenteeism and the students’ academic performance.

Locale. The study was conducted at Sumbiling National High School, Sumbiling,

Bataraza, Palawan.

Respondents of the Study. The respondents of this study were the 50 junior

and senior high school under the K to 12 curriculum enrolled in Sumbiling National High

School during the school year 2017-2018.

Time Frame. This study started on June 2017 and finished on March 2018.

Significance of the Study

If the absences of the students become habitual, there is a problem that needs to

be investigated in the light of research. Hence, it is the purpose of this study to conduct

a research in order to identify the possible causes that drive the students to be absent.

Research is conducted in the Sumbiling NHS for it was beneficial for the student

who were habitual absent maker or late comers to assure them how the absenteeism

badly effect their performance and future career so that they can improve their

attendance and reduce absent rate hence they can able to get good grades and

improve learning abilities and their performance in study by attending the lectures

regularly. It was beneficial for the students the make them punctual not only for lectures

but also for their personal life and assure them show outstanding performance in exams

it’s hence the outcomes of the organization became excellent.

Definition of Terms
 For the common understanding of the study the following terms were defined

operationally:

Absenteeism. In school the habit of staying away from school without providing

a genuine or any reason for not attending classes. Absenteeism is a truant behavior that

negatively affect the performance among students.

Academic Performance. It refers to the level of Academic Performance based

on their general average per during the first grading/quarter as reflected in their report

card (Form 138.)

Junior High School. Is the school that young people attend between seven to

ten grades level. In another term originally used was “intermediate high school “ later

shortened to “intermediate school “ but the term junior high school is rapidly supplanting

the others.

Senior High School. In the Philippine a school that includes the 11 th, and 12th

that was called K to 12 curriculum. Additionally senior high school (SHS) cover the last

two years K to 12 program.

Chapter II
 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents a review literature and studies which are found useful in

the development of this study.

Kamla-Raj quoted in his article in 2011. Absenteeism is the most important

factors which impact on the assembly line function in the development of administration

of University. These absenteeism levels of product because of work specialization. One

analysis given that, absenteeism brings out hundreds of cases of negative impact on

the building of future of student. Empirical evidences confirm that absenteeism produce

the high level of problem and failure. There is decline in value of specialization among

the student and significant decrease the achievement of student (Steyn& Van ,2002).

Physical presence of student on discussion in class and learning performance of

student’s relationship is close relative. The only way of measuring the learning ability of

student is class participation. In the units of learning of student, student and teacher

relationship is one of fundamental unit in the class. Due to absenteeism teacher have to

reteach lesion take instructional time away from student those who attend regular

classes. They spend extra time over absentee extra homework and class assignments.

It is beyond the planning period of lecturer and time needed to provide individual

assistance to students (Weller, 1996). Student miss valuable information cannot be

repeated when they are absent from classes. They also missed the interaction lecturer

and benefit of specific example which are used to clarify the difficult concept. They

valuable information cannot be repeated when teacher re-teach lecture to absent

student (Williams, 2000).

Absenteeism affect the abilities of student which can be reason of decreasing the

grades and in the result of this the students may get failed and they have to repeat

same year level. Performance of students becomes prominent and effective when they
attend the classes on regular basis and it positive impacts on the performance. Student

who are attending the classes on regular basis, they get higher grades and marks in the

examination than does student who got absent from classes. Absenteeism leads the

difficult effect on the performance. Once the student absent from the class, he or she

will miss the opportunity to learn new techniques. If he missed the class there is chance

of missing study materials and missis the opportunity in the examination to get the high

grade. Student who attend the regular classes get high marks as compare to absent

students (Sharma, 2005). There is the strong positive correlation between attendance

and grades. (Moor, 2003). Absenteeism at higher education level effect the learning

process of the student as well. As the final result at the end of academic session.

Lecture and tutorials provide a policy where student interact with the teachers, observe

them and differentiate then as role models. Low attendance hence may affect this

process of obstruct their professional growth. On the other hand the role of teachers in

improving student’s attendance in lectures cannot be denied. Good attendance is

maybe the most important and direct sign of the student’s perception of the

effectiveness and usefulness of the lecture delivered. Teachers with good teaching

skills deliver lecture which are organized and structured have good communication skills

which attract students and slow higher attendance rates. (Hafeez 2014, Indiana: and

achievement 2014)

The continue absenteeism or poor academic achievement among the students

leads to drop out from the university. It is indicating by one author that absenteeism is

act as crime which is more commonly among the student who got low grades, have

spotted attendance and they dropped from class (Robbins and Coulter 2007)

It is also given by one author, students who missed the class on specific date,

they are more likely to responds wrongly to question related to material covered in the
day then those student who were present. It is given in the hypothesis that there is

correlation between the students learning which had inquired empirically in educational

literature. It is most surprisingly, there are inverse related between the course

performance and absenteeism in most of studies (Marburger 2001).

Student miss valuable information when they are absent from classes. They also

missed the interaction lecture and benefits of specific examples which are used to

clarify the difficult concept. They valuable information cannot be repeated when teacher

re-teach lecture to absent students (Williams, 2000).

According to the ( Marburger,2001 )states that the difficulty inferring the

absenteeism on performance because once a student is absent in a class , his or she

may miss opportunity of learning other techniques .He found out that missing in class

progress the likelihood of missing examination material covered that day compared to

the student who were present in the class

All student, yet for one reason or another, at one time or other time want miss to

a day of school. The general tendency to engage in such unwillingness is referred to

absenteeism. Student absenteeism is defined by Tersely (2004) as period of time when

a student does not attend school, has become major and continues problem among

high school student in many countries. Indeed, numerous studies conducted to answer

a question that is why high school students miss classes in this notion , tersely have

noted numerous risk factor that contribute to student absenteeism such as family

health ,low income .poor school climate ,drug and alcohol use ,transportation

problem ,and community attitude towards education . Pehlivan (2006).

One major barrier to learning faced by student and teachers in American schools

today is a lack of consistent attendance in classroom. In fact, the united States

Department of Education ( 1994 ) has cited among students, and absenteeism has
recently been identified as being at crisis proportion ( Kearny, 2003 ). Although many

schools realize the importance of this issue, educational researchers have not

consistency given this topic the attention is deserve (Corville-Smith, 1995). Additional,

While some attempts to increase attendance rates have been succesfull, the

methodologies used have had notable disadvantages including cost, drainage of faculty

resources, difficulty of implementation, or time consumption (DeKalb, 1974 )

Researchers have attacked this problem from a number of directions. For

example, intervention have been community-based (Mcpartland & nettles, 1991;Reid

&Bailey-Demsey, 1995), family based (Copeland , brown & Hall 1974; Volkman 1996),

and school-based (Gottfredson,Jones, &Gore,2002; Noonan & Thibeault, 1974). The

intend of this paper is to summarize existing research on improving attendances rates

in schools and offer suggestion for school psychologist on how they can become

involved in formulating intervention to helps schools deal with problems of attendance.

 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methods of research, sampling, data gathering

instrument, research procedure and statistical treatment.

Research Design

This study employed the descriptive-correlational method of research. It focused

on the absenteeism and academic performance of the junior & senior high school

students’ in Sumbiling National High School. It described the possible causes of

absenteeism such as self –supporting students, lack of financial support, taking care of

young siblings and do home chores, lack of parental support, sickness, health and

conditional & dental problems, lack of teacher monitoring and supervision and influence

of environmental factors

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study consisted of 50 students from Junior and Senior

students of Sumbiling National High School. Stratified sampling was employed in this

study.

Data Gathering Instrument

The survey questionnaire was the instrument use to gather data on the possible

causes of absenteeism. The questionnaire consisted of thirty five items-five items on

each strand/category. It was answered using the following scale; 3-always; 2-

sometimes; 1-never.
 The summary of the academic performance obtained by the students at the end

of the first quarter were also collected from the form the School Report Card (F138-A) of

the students.

Research Procedure

Research proposal form indicating the title of proposal, main problem, and sub-

problems was submitted to the adviser for comments, recommendation and suggestion.

1. Upon approval of the title, a series of consultations transpired.

2. The researcher prepared a letter to the School Head of Sumbiling NHS.

3. The writer prepared the draft of her study covering Chapter I, II and III, and

the appendices. This was submitted to their thesis adviser for review and

comments. Chapter IV and V follows after the data gathering.

Statistical Tools

The following statistical tools were applied in this study:

1. Data were analyzed using frequency counts and percentages.

2. Weighted mean was used to convert the qualitative data regarding the

possible causes of absenteeism.

3. Ranking was employed to show the positional importance of the

different data.

4. Pearson coefficient of correlation was used to show the relationship between

the academic performance and the possible causes of absenteeism.

5. Likert scale was used in rating the cause of absenteeism.

 CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the data gathered, its analyses and interpretation. The

presentation was arranged according to the order of problems in Chapter 1.

PROBLEM 1: PROFILE OF STUDENTS IN TERMS OF

. a. Age;

b. Gender;

c. Ethnicity;

d. Number of siblings; and

e. Proximity of residence to school

Table 1
Distribution of the Respondents According to their Age

Age Frequency Percentage Rank

12-13 2 4.00 5
14-15 6 12.00 4
16-17 19 38.00 1
18-19 13 26.00 2
19 above 10 20.00 3
Total 50 100.00
Average 15

Almost one-third (19 or 38.00%) of the respondents were 16 to 17 years old, 13

(26%) were 18 to 19 years old, while 10 (20.00%) has an age above 19 years old.

Furthermore, 6 (12%) were 14 to 15 years old and only 2 (4%) were 12-13 years old.

Table 2
 Distribution of the Respondents According to their Gender

Gender Frequency Percentage Rank

Male 34 68.00 2
Female 16 32.00 1

Total 50 100.00

More than one-half of the respondents are males (68.00%) only (32.00%) were

female. It only shows that there are more males who are frequently absent from their

class.

Table 3
Distribution of the Respondents According to their Religion

Ethnicity Frequency Percentage Rank

Catholic 13 26.00 2
Palawan 6 12.00 3
Good News 1 2.00 5
Baptist 1 2.00 5
Iglesia 1 2.00 5
Islam 28 56.00 1
Total 50 100.00

In terms of religious belief, majority of the respondents were Islam (56%),

Catholic (26%), Palaw-an (12%), and (2%) for Good News, Baptist and Iglesia.
 Table 4
Distribution of the Respondents Number of Siblings

Number of Siblings Frequency Percentage Rank

5 to 7 30 60.00 1
2 t0 4 19 38.00 2
Only Child 1 2.00 3

Total 50 100.00

In terms of number of siblings, most of the students have 5 t0 7 siblings (60%).

Some have 2 t0 4 siblings (38%) and only child (2%). It implies that having many

siblings fosters absenteeism.

Table 5
Distribution of the Respondents According to Proximity of Residence to School.

Number of Siblings Frequency Percentage Rank

1 km below 8 16.00 4
2-3 km 15 30.00 1.5
4-5 km 15 30.00 1.5
6-7 km 11 22.00 3
7-8 km 1 2.00 5

Total 50 100.00

The result shows the proximity of respondents’ residence to school greatly

affects their absenteeism. A distance of 2-3 km (30%), 4-5 km (30%), 6-7 km (22%), 1

km below (16%), and 7-8 km (2%).

PROBLEM 2. What describes the levels of Proficiency of the students in Sumbiling

National High School for the school year 2017-2018 in terms of general average?

Table 6

Distribution of the Students’ General Average

Numerical Descriptive Rating Frequenc Percentage Rank

Rating y

90% & above Outstanding 0 0.00

85 – 89 Very Satisfactory 0 0.00 0
80 – 84 Satisfactory 27 54.00 1
75 – 79 Fairly Satisfactory 23 36.00 2
74 & below Did Not Meet 0 0 0
Expectations

Total 50 100.00
Average Approaching Proficiency 79

The distribution of the students in terms of their level of proficiency is shown in

Table 6. The numerical and descriptive rating was based in the K-to-12 grading system.

As shown in the table, majority (27 or 54.00%) of the students are “Satisfactory”,

23 or 36.67% are “Fairly Satisfactory” On the average, the students at Sumbiling

National National High School are “Fairly Satisfactory”.

 PROBLEM 3: What are the possible causes of students’ absenteeism of the junior &
senior high school students?
Table 6
RESPONDENTS PERCEPTION ON THE POSSIBLE CAUSES OF ABSENTEEISM
RESPONSES OF SELF SUPPORTING STUDENTS MEAN RANK DESCRIPTION
1. Are you working to earn a living to sustain your
1.40 1 Never
basic needs and to finance your education?
2. Do you prefer to be absent if somebody will hire
1.26 5 Never
you to work during school days?
3. After a heavy work during the day, are you tired
1.36 2.5 Never
of going to school the next day?
4. Is it difficult to study while working at the same
1.30 4 Never
time?
5. Does your work affect your academic
1.36 2.5 Never
performance in school?
GRAND MEAN 1.34 Never
LACK OF FINANCIAL SUPPORT
1. Do you parent provide financial needs to
2.74 1 Always
support your education?
2. Do you parents provide you with daily
2.56 2.5 Always
allowance or “baon”?
3. Is the daily allowance given to you by your
parents enough to meet your needs in 2.56 2.5 Always
school?
4. Do you still go to school even if your parents
2.46 4 Sometimes
will not give you an allowance?
5. Do lack of financial support affects our
1.94 5 Never
academic performance in school?
GRAND MEAN 2.45 Sometimes
TAKING CARE OF YOUNGER SIBLINGS AND
DO HOME CHORES
1. Do your parents request you to take care
your younger siblings and be absent from 1.38 2 Never
school?
2. Do your parents request you to do home
1.34 3 Never
chores and be absent from school?
3. Do you consider the responsibilities given to
you by your parents a hindrance to your 1.44 1 Never
academic performance?
4. Do taking care of it is the responsibility of the
1.32 4 Never
parents to send their children to school?
5. Do taking care of younger siblings affects
1.16 5 Never
your attitude towards education?
GRAND MEAN 1.33 Never
 Table 6

LACK OF PARENTAL SUPPORT MEAN RANK DESCRIPTION

1. Do your parents attend PTA meetings and
2.02 1.5 Sometimes
other school activities?
2. Do your parent guide and help you with your
1.48 5 Never
assignments and project in school?
3. Do your parents visit you in school and
1.66 4 Sometimes
follow-up your performance?
4. Do you share your problems and discomforts
2.02 1.5 Sometimes
with your parents?
5. In times of trouble, do your parents provide
1.72 3 Sometimes
you with comfort?
GRAND MEAN 1.78 Sometimes
SICKNESS & HEALTH CONDITION
1. How often do you feel sick? 1.86 2 Sometimes
2. How often you feel your tooth aches? 1.64 4 Sometimes
3. Do you visit the doctor when not feeling well? 1.58 5 Sometimes
4. Do you visit the health center? 1.7 3 Sometimes
5. Are you absent when not feeling well? 2.2 1 Sometimes
GRAND MEAN 1.80 Sometimes
LACK OF TEACHER MONITORING &
SUPERVISION
1. Does your teacher give you quizzes,
2.28 4 Sometimes
assignments and exams regularly?
2. Are you inform of the result of your exams
2.66 1 Always
and quizzes?
3. Is your attention called by your teacher for
2.30 3 Sometimes
teacher for feed backing and counseling?
4. Does your teacher praise you for the good
2.56 2 Always
performance you showed in school?
5. Does your teacher treat all your classmates
2.04 5 Sometimes
with fairness?
GRAND MEAN 2.34 Sometimes
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
1. Do you play computer games during lunch Never
1.18 5
time and or often classes?
2. Do you like to go with your friends than to Sometimes
1.94 3
attend your classes?
3. Do you feel that you are happier when you Sometimes
are outside the classroom than sitting in your 2.00 2
class?
4. Do you go out with your friends during week- Sometimes
1.76 4
ends?
5. Do you play with your friends first before Sometimes
2.02 1
doing your home works?
GRAND MEAN 1.78 Sometimes
POSSIBLE CAUSES OF ABSENTEEISM (cont.)
 Table 6 result shows that the possible causes of absenteeism among the

students. Self-supporting students with a mean of 1.34 (Never); Lack of Financial

support with a mean of 2.45 (Sometimes); Taking Care of Younger Siblings & Do Home

Chores with a 1.33 (Never); Lack of Parental Support with a mean of 1.78 (Sometimes);

Sickness & Health Condition with a mean of 1.80 (Sometimes); Lack of teacher

monitoring & supervision 2.34 (Sometimes), and Environmental Factors with a mean of

1.78 (Sometimes).

Table 7
Problem 4 Hypothesis: Absenteeism affects student’s low performance.

CORRELATION BETWEEN ABSENTEEISM AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

Possible Causes of Absenteeism Academic Performance of Indigenous Students

Correlatio
n Interpretation Remarks
Coefficient
(r)
Self- Supporting Students 0.141 negligible positive not significant
Lack of Financial Support 0.116 negligible positive not significant
Taking Care of Younger Siblings -0.130 negligible negative significant
Parental Support 0.095 negligible positive not significant
Sickness & Health Condition -0.110 negligible negative significant
Lack of Teacher Monitoring -0.006 negligible negative significant
Environmental Factors -0.118 negligible negative significant

Table 7 results indicate that self-supporting students, lack of financial support,

parental support does not affect the academic performance of the students. However

taking care of younger siblings, sickness & health condition, lack of teacher monitoring

and environmental factors are causes of student’s absenteeism and the result of their

low academic performance.

 Chapter V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary, conclusions and recommendations of the

study.

SUMMARY/CONCLUSIONS

This study focuses on the possible causes of absenteeism among Sumbiling

National High School students. Specifically, it sought to find out the answers to the

following questions;

2. What is the profile of the students in terms of:

a. Age;

b. Gender;

c. Ethnicity;

d. Number of siblings; and

e. Proximity of residence to school

2. What describes the levels of Proficiency of the students in Sumbiling Natioanal

National High School for the school year 2014-2015 in terms of General average?

3. What are the possible causes of students’ absenteeism of the junior & senior

high school students?

4. Is there a significant correlation between the possible causes of absenteeism

and the student’s academic performance in Sumbiling National High School?

Hypothesis

The hypothesis were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance.

1. There is a negative correlation between the possible causes of absenteeism

and the level of student academic performance. Absenteeism affects

student’s low performance.

Almost one-third (19 or 38.00%) of the respondents were 16 to 17 years old, 13

(26%) were 18 to 19 years old, while 10 (20.00%) has an age above 19 years old.

Furthermore, 6 (12%) were 14 to 15 years old and only 2 (4%) were 12-13 years old.

More than one-half of the respondents are males (68.00%) only (32.00%) were

female. It only shows that there are more males who are frequently absent from their

class.

In terms of religious belief, majority of the respondents were Islam (56%),

Catholic (26%), Palaw-an (12%), and (2%) for Good News, Baptist and Iglesia.

In terms of number of siblings, most of the students have 5 t0 7 siblings (60%).

Some have 2 t0 4 siblings (38%) and only child (2%). It implies that having many

siblings fosters absenteeism.

The proximity of respondents’ residence to school greatly affects their

absenteeism. A distance of 2-3 km (30%), 4-5 km (30%), 6-7 km (22%), 1 km below

(16%), and 7-8 km (2%).

As for the levels of proficiency, majority (27 or 54.00%) of the students are

“Satisfactory”, 23 or 36.67% are “Fairly Satisfactory” On the average, the students at

Sumbiling National National High School are “Fairly Satisfactory”.

 The perception of on possible causes of absenteeism among the students. Self-

supporting students with a mean of 1.34 (Never); Lack of Financial support with a mean

of 2.45 (Sometimes); Taking Care of Younger Siblings & Do Home Chores with a 1.33

(Never); Lack of Parental Support with a mean of 1.78 (Sometimes); Sickness & Health

Condition with a mean of 1.80 (Sometimes); Lack of teacher monitoring & supervision

2.34 (Sometimes), and Environmental Factors with a mean of 1.78 (Sometimes).

Results indicate that self-supporting students, lack of financial support, parental

support does not affect the academic performance of the students. However taking care

of younger siblings, sickness & health condition, lack of teacher monitoring and

environmental factors are causes of student’s absenteeism and the result of their low

academic performance
RECOMMENDATIONS

To avoid absenteeism among students, the following are recommended;

1. Stakeholders should offer scholarship program/grants to poor but deserving

students so that there could be no more self-supporting students.

2. Parents should give support to the needs of the students, so that they would not

be absent from school.

3. Parents should not request their children to do household chores and take care

of younger siblings, so that they could not miss their classes.

4. Parents should encourage and follow up their children to go to school to motivate

them to study. Guide them properly so they could be spared from computer

games, vices and influence of their peers.

5. Students should have a regular check-up and health check-ups to ensure their

health status. Eat nutritious food and proper exercise to strengthen the immune

system. Live a healthy lifestyle to avoid sickness.

6. Advisers should set rules and initiates closer monitoring and supervision among

the students.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Dictionary, O.E. (2006). Oxford English Dictionary.

Watkins, C. (Ed.). (2000). The American heritage dictionary of Indo- European roots.

Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

Fayombo, G A., Ogunkola, B. J., & Yemisi, L. (2012). Cross Institutional Study of the

Causes of Absenteeism among University Students in Barbados and Nigeria. Journal of

Education and Developmental Psychology, 2(1).

Hafeez, K., Khan, M. L. U. Z., & Haroon, S. (2014). Low attendance in lectures at

medical colleges of Karachi-A cross sectional survey. Journal of Postgraduate Medical

Institute (Peshawar-Pakistan), 28(2)

Marburger, D.R. (2001). Absenteeism and Undergraduate Exam Performance. UK:

Heldref Publications Merrium dictionary .com

Moore, S., Armstrong, C., & Pearson, J. (2008). Journal of higher Education Policy and

Management. Lecture absenteeism among students in higher education: a valuable

route to understanding student motivation, 30(1), 15-24.

Wadesango, N., & Machingambi, S. (2011). Causes and structural Effects of Student

Absenteeism: A Case Study of Three South African Universities. J Soc Sci, 26(2), 89-

97.

Spradlin, T., Cierniak, K., Shi, D., & Chen, M. (2012). Attendance and Chronic

Absenteeism in Indiana: The Impact on Student Achievement. Education Policy Brief,

(10.3).
Robbins, S. P., & Coulter, M. (2007). Principles of management. Prentice Hall Inc.

Rumberger, S. P., & Coulter, M (2007). Principles of management. Prentice Hall Inc.

Rumberger, RW. (1997)High school dropouts: A review of issues and evidence. Review

of Educational Research, 23: 24-42

Segal,C .(2008).Classroom behavior. Journal of Human Resources.43:783-814.

Sharma, I. (2005). The relationship between attendance in student-centred physics

tutorials and performance. International Journal of Science Education, 27: 11-21.

Steyn, GM., Van Niekerk, EJ. (2002). Human Resource Management in Education.

Pretoria: University of South Africa.

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
MIMAROPA Region
Schools Division of Palawan
SUMBILING NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Sumbiling, Bataraza, Palawan

RESEARCH QUESTIONAIRE
Name:
Age:
Gender:
Ethnicity:
Number of Sibling:
Proximity of residence to school:

Table 1: Responses of Self-Supporting Pupils.

Always Most Often Rarely
1. Are you working to earn a living to sustain your
basic needs and to finance your education?
2. Do you prefer to be absent if somebody will hire
you to work during school days?
3. After a heavy work during the day, are you tired
of going to school the next day?
4. Is it difficult to study while working at the same
time?
5. Does your work affect your academic
performance in school?

Table2. Lack of Financial Support

Always Most Often Rarely
1. Do your parent provide financial needs to
support your education?
2. Do your parents provide you with daily
allowance or “baon”?
3. Is the daily allowance given to you by your
parents enough to meet your needs in school?
4. Do you still go to school even if your parents
will not give you an allowance?
5. Do lack of financial support affects our
academic performance in school?
 Table 3. Taking Care of Younger Siblings and Do Home Chores
Always Most Often Rarely
1. Do your parents request you to take care your
younger siblings and be absent from school?
2. Do your parents request you to do home chores
and be absent from school?
3. Do you consider the responsibilities given to you
by your parents a hindrance to your academic
performance?
4. Do taking care of it is the responsibility of the
parents to send their children to school?
5. Do taking care of younger siblings affects your
attitude towards education?

Table 4. Lack of Parental Support

Always Most Often Rarely
1. Do your parents attend PTA meetings and other
school activities?
2. Do your parent guide and help you with your
assignments and project in school?
3. Do your parents visit you in school and follow-
up your performance?
4. Do you share your problems and discomforts
with your parents?
5. In times of trouble, do your parents provide you
with comfort?

Table 5. Sickness, Health Condition and Dental Problems

Always Most Often Rarely
1. How often do you feel sick?
2. How often you feel your tooth aches?
3. Do you visit the doctor when not feeling well?
4. Do you visit the health center?
5. Are you absent when not feeling well?
 Table 6. Lack of Teacher Monitoring and Supervision
Always Most Often Rarely
1. Does your teacher give you quizzes, assignments
and exams regularly?
2. Are you inform of the result of your exams and
quizzes?
3. Is your attention called by your teacher for
teacher for feed backing and counseling?
4. Does your teacher praise you for the good
performance you showed in school?
5. Does your teacher treat all your classmates with
fairness?

Table 7. Influence of Environmental Factors

Indicators Always Most often Rarely
1. Do you play computer games during lunch time
and or often classes?
2. Do you like to go with your friends than to attend
your classes?
3. Do you feel that you are happier when you are
outside the classroom than sitting in your class?
4. Do you go out with your friends during week-
ends?
5. Do you play with your friends first before doing
your home works?
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
MIMAROPA Region
Schools Division of Palawan
SUMBILING NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Sumbiling, Bataraza, Palawan

Letter of Request to the School Head to Gather Data

August 1, 2017

HUSSIEN A.DAUD
Head Teacher I
Sumbiling National High School

Madam:
We the undersigned are currently working on our research entitled
“ABSENTEEISM OF THE JUNIOR AND SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS OF
SUMBILING NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL” as a partial requirement for Practical
Research 1.
In this connection, we are requesting your good office to allow us to administer
the survey questionnaire to the students and gather needed data in your school.
We are hoping for your favorable accommodation.

Very truly yours,

ALFICAR H. ALBANI
SAYRIN A. ABDULHALIK
EUGENE B. BLANDO
JUMADEL A. BAGA
CLEFFORD M. SALVADORA
JORDAN L. ASLIE
JEREMY M. SIPLAN

Researchers

Noted: Approved:
(Sgd.)PAIRUJA A. SALI (Sgd.) HUSSIEN A.DAUD
Adviser Head Teacher I