1.Which of the following confer(s) passive immunity?

a) Hepatitis B vaccine
b) MMR vaccine
c) Hepatitis B immunoglobulin
d) Infection with measles virus
e) Cross placental transfer of maternal antibodies
2. A cohort study differs from a case-control study in that:
a) Subjects are enrolled or categorized on the basis of their exposure status in a cohort
study but not in a case-control study
b) Subjects are asked about their exposure status in a cohort study but not in a case-
control study
c) Cohort studies require many years to conduct, but case-control studies do not
d) Cohort studies are conducted to investigate chronic diseases, case-control studies are
used for infectious diseases
3. The most appropriate explanation on "Prevalence rate":
a) The number of patients who have the disease at a particular time, divided by the
population at risk of having the disease at that time.
b) the number of new cases of a diseased in a population over a period of time.
c) not useful for developing HIV/AIDS control program.
d) useful for developing Avian flu control program.
e) not useful for any disease control program.
4. Occurrence in the community of a number of cases of disease that is unusually large or
unexpected
a) Endemic
b) Epidemic
c) Pandemic
d) Infection
5. During the SARS outbreak in Canada there were 80 staff members who were exposed to
SARS patients who were hospitalized in the infectious disease unit of a hospital in Toronto.
Eight of these staff members developed SARS themselves. The percentage of staff members
who developed SARS represents which of the following measures of disease frequency?
a) incidence rate
b) attack rate
c) Prevalence
d) All of the above
6. The probability of a person’s having the disease when the test is positive
a) Positive predictive value
b) Sensitivity
c) Specificity
d) Negative predictive value
7. In a demographic cycle, the late expanding stage indicates
a) Decreasing birth rate and decreasing death rate
b) High birth rate and death rate
c) Low Birth rate and death rate
d) Decreasing death rate and stationary birth rated
8. A study is done to examine whether there is an association between the daily use of vitamins
C & E and risk of coronary artery disease (heart attacks) over a 10 year period. When subjects
who took both vitamins were compared to those who took not vitamins at all, the risk ratio was
found to be 0.70. Which of the following is a correct interpretation of this finding?
a) The incidence of coronary artery disease in those who take vitamins C & E daily is 0.70
(or 70%).
b) Those who take vitamins C & E daily have 0.7 times the risk of heart attack compared to
those who do not take vitamins.
c) The risk difference in this study is 70 per 100 vitamin users over ten years.
d) The risk difference in this study is 70 per 100 vitamin users over ten years.
9. If the Relative Risk for the association between a factor and a disease observed in a study of
all cases of the disease is equal to or less than 1.0 then:
a) There is no association between the factor and the disease
b) The comparison group used was unsuitable and a valid comparison is not possible
c) There is either no association or negative association between the factor and the
disease
d) The factor protects against development of the disease
e) Either matching or randomization has been unsuccessful
10. Host-agent-Environment paradigm is more appropriate to be applied for the communicable
diseases? True
11. Live attenuated vaccines include
a) Measles, Mumps, BCG, Plague
b) Measles Mumps. Hepatitis B Varicella
c) Measles. Mumps. Rubella
d) Messies Pubella, Hapatse
12. Which vaccine is stored in the freezer?
a) OPV
b) Measles
c) DPT
d) Rubella
13. Preferred vaccine in a 12 years old child is:
a) DT
b) All of the above
c) dt
d) DPT
14. To prevent neonatal tetanus by TT injection during pregnancy is the:
a) Secondary prevention
b) Tertiary prevention
c) Primordial prevention
d) Primary prevention
15. in the low stationary stage, the main cause of death is
a) Communicable diseases
b) Infectious diseases
c) Diarrheal diseases
d) Man-made diseases
16. In the definition of epidemiology, “determinants” generally includes all except
a) Agents
b) Causes
c) Control measures
d) Risk factors
e) Sources
17. An investigator takes a sample of healthy individuals, record their ongoing solar exposure,
and relate that to the subsequent occurrence of skin cancer in the same group.
a) Case-control study
b) Ecological study
c) Cohort study
d) Cross-sectional study
18. Globalization always affect the health positively False
19. Disease control measures are generally directed at all except
a) Interrupting mode of transmission
b) Eliminating the host
c) Eliminating the vector
d) Reducing host susceptibility
e) Eliminating the reservoir
20. Prophylactic administration of vit K in breast feeding babies is an example of
a) Specific protection
b) Health promotion
c) Treatment
d) Rehabilitation
21. The extent to which a test is measuring what it is intended to measure
a) Reliability
b) Validity
c) Sensitivity
d) Specificity
22. A key feature of a cross-sectional study is that:
a) It usually provides information on prevalence rather than incidence
b) It is limited to health exposures and behaviors rather than health outcomes
c) It is more useful for descriptive epidemiology than it is for analytic epidemiology
d) It is synonymous with survey
23. The mortality rate is an indicator of the health of population as:
a) Points out the poor reporting of deaths and thus the importance of improving statistic
methods
b) Points out success to meet people's health need
c) It acts as a sensitive measurement of the condition of Sanitation, quality of care and
level of education
d) It is sensitive indicator for population growth
e) It reveals the cause of death, enabling planning programs to indicate a specific disease
24. The proportion of cases of a specified disease or condition which are fatal within a specified
time
a) Morbidity rate
b) Case fatality rate
c) Proportionate mortality
d) Death rate
25. The epidemiologic triad of disease causation refers to: (Choose one best answer)
a) Agent, host, environment
b) Time, place, person
c) Source, mode of transmission, susceptible host
d) John Snow, Robert Koch, Kenneth Rothman
26. To control the rising incidence of non-communicable diseases, legislation based on tobacco
control will be adopted to prevent onset of the risk behavior
a) Tertiary
b) Primary
c) Primordial
d) Secondary
27. The Iowa Women’s Health Study, in which researchers enrolled 41,837 women in 1986 and
collected exposure and lifestyle information to assess the relationship between these factors
and subsequent occurrence of cancer, is an example of which type(s) of study?
a) Experimental
b) Cohort
c) Case-control
d) Clinical trial
28. In the high stable stationary stage, the main cause of death was:
a) Communicable diseases
b) Non communicable diseases
c) Man-made diseases
d) Chronic diseases
29. Building equal number of hospitals in each district irrespective of population size is
equitable. False
30. The definition of public health "The art and science of preventing Was given by
a) J.E. Park
b) CEA Winslow
c) Leavell and Clark
d) Robert Koch
31. Of the following mortality rates, which two use the same denominator? (1) Crude mortality
rate (2) Age-specific mortality rate (3) Sex specific mortality rate (4) Race specific mortality rate
(5) Cause specific mortality rate.
32. The first vaccine developed was against smallpox. True
33. among the measurement of examination of state of population health, the most sensitive
indicator is
a) Rate of sickness
b) Rate of malnutrition
c) Rate of raw mortality
d) Rate of hospitalization
e) Infant mortality rate
33. Of the absolutely protective vaccines.
a) Polio
b) Rubella vaccine
c) Yellow fever vaccine
d) BCG
34. Demography is the scientific study of human population. It focuses it's attention on readily
observable human population. There are
a) Composition of the population
b) All of the above
c) Distribution of the population
d) Change in population size
35. All of the following are advantages of the case-control study design except:
a) This design is less expensive than a cohort study
b) This design is subject to fewer ethical concerns than a prospective cohort study
c) This design is more particular for studying rare diseases
d) It is easier to identify a sufficient number of diseased subjects for this type of study than
a con
e) This design is less vulnerable to bias than other observational study designs
36. An occupational safety officer known that the Relative Risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas
following exposure to particular industrial chemical is 12.5 what he concludes from this
information?
a) The incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphomia varies among workers exposed to the
chemical
b) is unlikely that the observed association between exposure to the chemical and non-
Hodgkin's lymphoma is due to random chance
c) A worker who must routinely handle large quantities of the chemical in question has a
very high probability of developing a malignant lymphoma
d) A worker who must routinely handle large quantities of chemical is 12.5 times more
likely to a malignant lymphoma than a worker who is not exposed to the chemical
37.Which type of measure of disease frequency best describes the percentage of students
enrolled in a course who had sore throats on the first day of the semester
a) AR
b) Prevalence
c) RR
d) Incidence
38. A study starts with 5,000 people. Of these, 125 have the disease in question. What is the
prevalence of disease per 1000 people
a) 0.0025
b) 25
c) 250
d) 0.025
39. A 55-year-old hypertensive patient was admitted to the medical word with cerebral stroke
after treatment he recovered but was unable to move his right lower limb. He was advised to
do physiotherapy. This type of assistance is
a) Specific protection
b) Health promotion
c) Prompt treatment
d) Rehabilitation
40. Host-agent-Environment paradigm is applicable for all types of diseases. False.
41. Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis affected a large proportion of population over a wide
worldwide geographic area in 1971 and 1981. This spread of the disease is
a) Epidemic
b) Endemic
c) Sporadic
d) Pandemic
42. Epidemiology is in charge of all the following subjects except
a) Attack of specific diseases to specific population
b) The health danger connected with the environmental factors and behavioral factors.
c) The health state and incidence of a disease
d) Health policies for health services
e) Follow up of a disease of specific patient and the result of treatment
43. All of the following statements about the absolute risk of disease are true except
a) Absolute risk is the underlying rate from which Relative Risk is derived
b) Absolute risk is the underlying rate from which attributed risk is derived
c) absolute risk is the probability that a healthy individual will develop the disease during a
specified time period
d) Absolute risk is the ratio of incidence of the disease among those exposed to the
relevant risk factor to the aincidence of the disease among those which with no such
exposure
e) Absolute risk could be measured by the incidence of the disease
44. Management of deep venous thrombosis to arrest the progression of a disease
a) Disability limitation
b) Primordial prevention
c) Primary prevention
d) Secondary prevention
45. During the second week of February, 87 persons in a small community (population 460)
attended a social event which included a meal prepared by several of the participants. Within 3
days, 39 of the participants became ill with a condition diagnosed as Salmonellosis. The attack
rate among participants was
a) 44.8/100
b) .45/100
c) 18.9/100
d) 18.9/100
46. British investigators conducted a study to compare measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine
history among 1.294 children with pervasive development disorder (e.g., autism and Asperger's
syndrome) and 4,469 children without such disorders (They found no association.) This is an
example of which type(s) of study?
a) Case-control
b) Cohort
c) Clinical trial
d) Experimental
47. The Framingham study, in which a group of residents have been followed since the 1950's
to identity occurrence and risk factors for heart disease, is an example of which type(s) of
study?
a) Descriptive
b) Case-control
c) Prospective
d) Ecological
e) RCT
48. The proportion of cases of a specified disease or condition which are fatal within a specified
time
a) Proportionate mortality
b) Case fatality rate
c) Death rate
d) Morbidity rated
49. Type of design where both exposure and disease are determined simultaneously for each
subject
a) Cross sectional study
b) Case study
c) Cohort study
d) Case control study
50. The state of health is a static state and can be viewed as either healthy or diseased:
a) False
b) True
51. Neonatal mortality rate for babies
a) The numbers of deaths of babies till the age of one year out of 1000 live delivenes
b) The numbers of tables deaths till the age of one year out of all delivenes
c) The number of deaths of babies till the age of 28 days out of 1000 live delivenes
d) The number of deaths of babies till the age of 25 days out all infant deaths in the same
year
e) The number of babies till the age of one year who died during the same year
52. Which of the following is a case-control study?
a) Defining a group of disease-free people by their exposure status and then following up
over t ones develop a disease or condition.
b) Analysis of previous research in different places and under different circumstances to
permit a hypothesis based on cumulative knowledge of all known factors in the disease
ur
c) Obtaining histories and other information from a group of known cases and from a
comparison group to determine the relative frequency of a characteristic or exposure
under study
d) Study collecting information from individuals to measure prevalence at one point in
time
e) Study of average exposure for a group and a population measure of outcome
53. The purpose is to limit the incidence of disease by controlling causes and risk factors
a) Primary prevention
b) Tertiary prevention
c) Secondary prevention
d) Primordial prevention
54. The surrounding environment is one of the major determinants of health and ill health of an
individual True
55.A new screening program was instituted in a certain country. The program used a screening
test that is effective in detecting cancer Z at an early stage. Assume that there is no effective
treatment for this type of cancer and, therefore, that the program results in no change in the
usual course of the disease. Assume also that the rates noted are calculated from all known
cases of cancer Z and that there were no changes in the quality of death certification of this
disease. What will happen to the apparent incidence rate of cancer Z in the country during the
first year of this program?

• Mortality rate will remain constant

57. Which of the following is not a possible outcome measure that could be used as an indicator
of thebenefit of screening programs aimed at early detection of disease?
a) Reduction of case-fatality in screened individuals
b) Reduction of mortality in the population screened
c) Reduction of incidence in the population screened
d) Reduction of complications
e) Improvement in the quality of life in screened individuals
58. Of the highly protective vaccines
a) Cholera
b) BCG
c) Rubella vaccine
d) Yellow fever vaccine
Hothifa Raed