1.

Define and Explain Use of each Fixed Fire Fighting Systems you know
Water sprinkler system cargo dioxide foam system IG system fire detecteros and alarm system
fire doors fire dempers fire escapes
2. What is Fire Triangular

3. What is Innert Gas System, maximum Oxygen contain in IG flow and Why
Inert gas system is a system of preventing explosion in tanks maximum oxygen contein should be not
more then 5% because it is not enough to cause an explosion
4. Define and Explain Use of each Portable Fire Fighting Systems you know
FIRE , EXTING,,
5. What information contains Fire Control Plan and where it could be find on Ship

The Fire Control Plan indicates the location of all important equipment and systems that
can assist in case of fire. More specifically, it provides an overview of all the fire stations
onboard, information about various fire alarm systems, extinguishing equipment,
bulkheads, sprinkler installations, ventilation systems, and emergency exits.
According to the SOLAS convention (Reg. 15, Chapter II), the Fire Control Plan is a
mandatory requirement for all ships. Copies of the boat’s arrangement plan have to be
placed permanently in several locations, including the navigating bridge,
accommodation facilities, as well as the engine room. They should be written in English,
as well as the working language of the employed personnel. This way, the captain and
crew can easily access the information in case of emergency.

6. Define Type portable marine fire extinguisher and classes of Fir

7. Maintenance and Inspection of portable fire extinguishers on ships
Weekly testing and inspections MONTH ANNUAL QUARTERLY
1. Fixed fire detection and alarm systems  verify all fire detection and fire alarm control panel
indicators are functional by operating the lamp/indicator test switch. 2. Fixed gas fire-
extinguishing systems  verify all fixed fire-extinguishing system control panel indicators are
functional by operating the lamp/indicator test switch; and  verify all control/section valves
are in the correct position. 3. Fire doors  verify all fire door control panel indicators, if
provided, are functional by operating the lamp/indicator switch. 4. Public address and
general alarm systems  verify all public address systems and general alarm systems are
functioning properly. 5. Breathing apparatus  examine all breathing apparatus and EEBD
cylinder gauges to confirm they are in the correct pressure range. 6. Low-location lighting 
verify low-location lighting systems are functional by switching off normal lighting in
selected locations. 7. Water mist, water spray and sprinkler systems  verify all control panel
indicators and alarms are functional;  visually inspect pump unit and its fittings; and  check
the pump unit valve positions, if valves are not locked, as applicable.
8. Which Drill and Drill signals Do you know
2. MAN OVERBOARD DRILL FIRE FIGHTING DRILL abandonship drill alarm activates emergency
radio broadcast all crew goes at muster station and get’s accounted GENERAL ,FIRE, MOB
9. What is your action when you see fire

10. Define and Explain Use of each Collective LSA (Life-Saving Appliances) you know
Lifeboat liferaft and emergency life boat
11. Requirements and Equipment of Life Boat
Resque quoit sea anchor Bailer food ration fresh water drinking vessel first aid outfit anti sea
sickness medicine thermal protective aids sea sickness bag safety knife tin openers whistle fishing
 tackle instructions for immediate action survival manual life saving signals hand flares buoyant
smocking signals electric waterproof torch signaling mirror radar reflector sea dye marker buckets
dipper hatchet compass painters oars thole pins clutches
Boat hooks engine repair tools portable fire extuingusher
12. Requirements and Equipment of Life Raft
ensure that the raft is afloat for 30 days in sea conditions;
withstand being dropped into water from a height of 18 m (drop-type inflatable liferaft); withstand
multiple jumps on it from a height of 4.5 m from its bottom, both with the awning raised and
without it;
provides towing at a speed of 3 knots in calm water with a full complement of people and supplies
and a dropped floating anchor; withstand impact on the side of the vessel at a speed of 3.5 m / s and
dropping into the water with a height of at least 3 m without damage affecting its use (launch type
inflatable life raft);
withstand a load 4 times greater than its mass with a full complement of people and supplies at a
temperature of 20 ± 3 ° С and 1.1 times at -30 ° С (inflatable liferaft of the required type);
ensure stability when sailing with an awning upward;
Provide the opportunity, both on calm water and on waves, to turn the raft from the overturned
position of one person's forces Resque quoit sea anchor Bailer food ration fresh water drinking
vessel first aid outfit anti sea sickness medicine thermal protective aids sea sickness bag safety
knife tin openers whistle fishing tackle instructions for immediate action survival manual life
saving signals hand flares buoyant smocking signals electric waterproof torch signaling mirror
radar reflector sea dye marker paddles safety scisors sponges repair outfit topping up pump
13. LIFE RAFTS Method of launching and What is HRU – Hydrostatic Release
Free fall metod a pressure activated mechanism designed, to automatically
deploy a life raft, when certain conditions are met. In case a vessel sinks, the HRU
will activate and release the life raft on a depth between 1,5 and 4 meters.
14. Which PERSONAL LSA and LSA AIDS do you know
Lifebouy life jacket tpa immersion suit anti exposure suit Emergency Position Indicating
Radio Beacon
15. What requirements for MOB buoy do you know

 Have an outer diameter of not more than 800 mm and an inner diameter of at least 400 mm;
 Made of non-fading material; It can not be inflatable or made of cane, cork chips or any
crushed material. Usually the wheels are made of foamed polystyrene, foam rubber or other
synthetic foam that does not absorb water.
 Be able to maintain at least 14.5 kg of iron in fresh water for 24 hours;
 Have a mass of at least 2.5 kg;
 Do not sustain burning or continue melting after full enveloping with fire for 2 seconds;
 Installed in such a way as to withstand falling into water from the height at which it is laid
above the waterline; mob marker should be


16. Requirements for Life Buoy and how will you inspect Life buoys
17. Requirements for Life Jackets and How will you inspect Life Jacket
Do not support the combustion process or continue melting after full enveloping with fire for 2
seconds.
 It could be properly put on for one minute without help, guidance or preliminary
demonstration;
 It could be worn only in one way or exclude the possibility of incorrect putting on;
 Allow the owner to jump from a height of at least 4.5 m into the water without injury and
damage to the lifejacket.
 To maintain buoyancy which would not decrease by more than 5% after a 24-hour
immersion in fresh water.
  Must have a whistle, firmly secured with a cord.

An adult life jacket should have sufficient buoyancy and stability in calm fresh water:

 Raise the head of an exhausted or unconscious person by at least 120 mm from the water
with the body tilted back at an angle of at least 20 ° from the vertical position;
 Turn the body of an unconscious person in water from any position to a place where the
mouth is cleaned of water in no more than 5 seconds.
 Should allow a person wearing it to swim for a short distance and board a rescue boat.


18. Requirements for immersion suite and How will you inspect Immersion Suite
Each person on board the ship must have his/her own personal immersion suit.
Also, extra immersion suits should be provided for the watchkeepers
 Immersion Suits may be of the kinds that are Insulated, Un-insulated, wearable
with life jacket (all should have sufficient buoyancy)
 Made of waterproof material
 Internationally RED in color which is highly visible. Note that most other LSA
equipment is bright ORANGE
 The immersion suit should be unpacked and donned within a time frame of 2
minutes without any external help or assistance
 The individual must be able to jump from a height of at least 4.5 meters into water
without injury to life of any damage to the immersion suit
 The suit should be able to cover the whole body except the face. Hands should be
covered unless permanently attached gloves are provided
 Retro-reflective tapes must be fitted
 It shall not sustain burning or continue to melt after being totally enveloped in a fire
for a period of 2 seconds
 Normal work must be able to be carried out upon wearing
 The wearer should be capable of climbing up and down a vertical ladder of at least
5 meters in length
 The wearer must be able to swim a short distance
 The immersion suit is worn in cold weather when the temperature is below the
freezing point
 The suit does not allow the body temperature to drop by more than 2 degrees
when immersed for a period of 6 hours when the water temperature is between 0
and 2 degrees
 The wearer of the suit, with or without the lifejacket shall be able to turn from a
face down position to a face-up position in not more than 5 seconds
 If a lifejacket is required along with the immersion suit, then it should be worn over
the immersion suit and without assistance

19. What is Contingency Plan and Which Contingency Check Lists do you know
План для избежания маловераетных исхождов unnexeptional trisks
20. What is LOF 90 form and cases to use it
The Lloyd's Open Form, formally "Lloyd's Standard Form of Salvage Agreement", and commonly
referred to as the LOF, is a standard form contract for a proposed marine salvage operation.
Originating in the late 19th century, the form is published by Lloyd's of London and is the most
commonly used form for international salvage. [1] [2] Innovations in the LOF 1980 have
engendered a major change in environmental salvage.
21. What is your action if YOU SEE man over board and you are on deck
Three prolounged hoist the Oscar flag throw lifebuoy to imideate rescue duty officer marcs
position of man overboard call captain and call engine room to stand by alarm no more than 10
secs

22. What is your Action if You are on bridge watch and someone reports you MOB
23. What turns do you know for rescue man from water
Williamson turn hard starboard or port then hard over to opposite site then midship
Anderson turn if its invisible hard starboard or port after 250 degree midship
 Single turn hard to port/stb
24. Describe The turns action for rescue MOB

25. How you must be prepared before starting any work?

Tool box meeting (обсуждение работы) Safety shoes robe and helmet gloves
26. What is Work Permit And Which Work Permits do you know?
Check list of risky work alongside work at height hot work enclosed space entry
27. What is Risk Assessment?
Analisation of the risky ways of solving problem
28. Define an Enclosed Space according to ISGOTT

An enclosed space is a space that is not used for day to day activity and which has any
of the following characteristics:

1. Limited opening for entry and exit

2. Inadequate ventilation

3. Is not designed for continuous worker occupancy

 ŸRisk assessment to be carried out by a competent officer as enclosed or

confined space entry is deficient in oxygen, making it a potential life hazard
 Risk assessment is one of the core preparation tools for enclosed space entry. It
is designed to minimize the possibility of accidents by dealing with every aspect of
the entry, identifying the hazards, deciding the control measures and finding
alternatives or solutions or means to mitigate the risks. RA should be performed
every time before man entry

29. Which checks you must perform before entering an in Enclosed space?
Calibration of oxygen meter (Fresh air calibration)
2) Permit to open tank (Maersk specific procedure)
3) Line blanking or closure to avoid accidental filling( Lock out)
4) Continuous radio or pre determined communication method ( Special reference to
hermitically safe radios)
30. Why do we stop ventilation 10 minutes prior to make atmosphere test?
To correctly identify atmosphere
31. Who is the Link Man and what is his responsibilities
Connection between enclosed space bridge
32. Definition of Toxic cargoes and Describe 3 routes where can toxic substance affect the human
body?
33. Describe Definition of Odor Threshold and Describe Definition of Time Weighted Average
(TLV - TWA) ;
34. Describe Definition of Volatile Cargo
35. Describe Definition of Flammable / Explosive Limits; Describe Definition LEL / LFL / UFL
36. What kind of Gas Detectors do you know
Personal portable fixed multi gas(lel h2s co2 o2) iso butan lel tester
37. Which Gas detector must be used in Innerted atmosphere

38. How to measure toxic vapours

 39. Define the Methods of calibration gas detectors
40. What is Nitrogen and what is the danger related to Nitrogen
41. What Is H2S gas, and what is the danger related to H2S Gas, What is TWA for H2S?
10 ppm (14 mg/m3) TWA, 15 p (21 mg/m3)
42. When Canister or Filter mask can be used and when must not be used?
43. Speak about Work Rest Hours
8 16 6 -18 by mlc

44. According to MARPOL describe definition of – Oily Mixture

Oily mixture means a mixture with any oil content
45. According to MARPOL describe definition of – Nearest Land
The term "from the nearest land" means from the baseline from which the territorial sea of
the territory in question is established in accordance with international law, except that, for
the purposes of the present Convention "from the nearest land"
46. According to MARPOL describe definition of – Special Area (do not list, explain WHAT is
Special Area) Special Areas are defined as certain sea areas in which, for technical
reasons relating to their oceanographical and ecological condition and to their sea
traffic, the adoption of special mandatory methods for the prevention of sea pollution
is required.
47. According to MARPOL describe definition of – Residue / Water Mixture
means residue to which water has been added for any purpose
48. According to MARPOL describe definition of – Solidifying Cargo and Non solidifying Cargo
49. According to MARPOL describe definition of – Sewage and Grey Water

– Waste generated from the drainage of dishwasher and washbasin in the galley

– Waste generated from the drainage of cabin showers, bath and washbasin drains

– Waste generated from the drainage of laundry

– Wastewater from interior deck drains

– Refrigerator and air conditioner condensate

50. According to MARPOL describe definition of – Garbage and E-Waste

all kinds of food, domestic and operational waste, all plastics, cargo residues,
incinerator ashes, cooking oil, fishing gear, and animal carcasses
generated during the normal operation of the ship and liable to be disposed of
continuously or periodically. E-waste is defined as any electronic equipment,
including its components, sub-assemblies and consumables, when disposed
of as a waste
51. What is the SOPEP/SMPEP he Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan, or SOPEP,
is a prevention plan carried on board tankers SMPEP means a shipboard marine
pollution emergency plan complying with Annex II, regulation 17 and approved
by the vessel’s flag administration.
52. Which Special Area do you know According to MARPOL Annex I
53. Which Special Area do you know According to MARPOL Annex II
54. Which Special Area do you know According to MARPOL Annex IV
 55. Which Special Area do you know According to MARPOL Annex V
56. Which Special Area do you know According to MARPOL Annex VI

For the purpose of Annexe 1, following are the special areas:

1. The Mediterranean sea area

2. The Baltic sea area
3. The Black sea area
4. The Red sea area
5. The Gulf area
6. The Gulf of Aden area
7. The Antarctic Area
8. The North-West European Waters
9. Oman area of the Arabian Sea
10. Southern South African Water
For the purpose of Annexe 2, following are the special areas:

1. The Antarctic Sea Area

For the purpose of Annexe 4, following are the special areas:

1. The Baltic Sea

For the purpose of Annexe 5, following are the special areas:

1. The Mediterranean sea area

2. The Baltic sea area
3. The Black sea area
4. The Red sea area
5. The Gulf area
6. The North Sea area
7. The Antarctic Area (south of latitude 60 degrees south)
8. The Wider Caribbean Region including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea
For the purpose of Annexe 6, following are the special areas:

1. Baltic Sea (SOx, NOx)

2. North Sea (SOx, NOx)
3. North American ECA
(NOx, SOx and PM)
4. United States
Caribbean Sea ECA
(NOx, SOx and PM)

57. Describe condition when you may discharge of oil mixture overboard according to Annex I

the tanker is not within a

. special area;
1
  .2 the tanker is more than 50 nautical miles from the nearest land;
  .3 the tanker is proceeding en route;
  .4 the instantaneous rate of discharge of oil content does not exceed
30 litres per nautical mile;

58. Describe of condition to discharge of residues of noxious liquid substances Category X

 deemed to present a major hazard to either marine resources or human health
59. Describe of condition to discharge of residues of noxious liquid substances Category Y in case
of Hi-Viscosity or Solidifying Cargo
deemed to present a hazard to either marine resources or human health or
cause harm to amenities or other legitimate uses of the sea,
60. Describe of condition to discharge of residues of noxious liquid substances Category Z

Discharge of residues of category X

6.1 Subject to the provision of paragraph 1, the following provisions shall apply:

  .1 A tank from which a substance in category X has been unloaded shall be

prewashed before the ship leaves the port of unloading. The resulting residues
shall be discharged to a reception facility until the concentration of the substance
in the effluent to such facility, as indicated by analyses of samples of the effluent
taken by the surveyor, is at or below 0.1% by weight. When the required
concentration level has been achieved, remaining tank washings shall continue
to be discharged to the reception facility until the tank is empty. Appropriate
entries of these operations shall be made in the Cargo Record Book and
endorsed by the surveyor referred to in regulation 16.1.
  .2 Any water subsequently introduced into the tank may be discharged into the sea
in accordance with the discharge standards in regulation 13.2.
  .3 Where the Government of the receiving party is satisfied that it is impracticable
to measure the concentration of the substance in the effluent without causing
undue delay to the ship, that Party may accept an alternative procedure as being
equivalent to obtain the required concentration in regulation 13.6.1.1 provided
that:
    .3.1 the tank is prewashed in accordance with a procedure approved by the
Administration in compliance with appendix 6 of this Annex; and
    .3.2 appropriate entries shall be made in the Cargo Record
Book and endorsed by the surveyor referred to in
regulation 16.1.

7 Discharge of residues of category Y and Z

7.1 Subject to the provision of paragraph 1, the following provisions shall apply:

  .1 With respect to the residue discharge procedures for substances in category Y or

Z, the discharge standards in regulation 13.2 shall apply.
  .2 If the unloading of a substance of category Y or Z is not carried out in
accordance with the Manual, a prewash shall be carried out before the ship
leaves the port of unloading, unless alternative measures are taken to the
satisfaction of the surveyor referred to in regulation 16.1 of this Annex to
remove the cargo residues from the ship to quantities specified in this Annex.
The resulting tank washings of the prewash shall be discharged to a reception
facility at the port of unloading or another port with a suitable reception facility
provided that it has been confirmed in writing that a reception facility at that
port is available and is adequate for such a purpose.
  .3 For high-viscosity or solidifying substances in category Y, the following shall
 apply:
    .3.1 a prewash procedure as specified in appendix 6 shall be applied;
    .3.2 the residue/water mixture generated during the prewash shall be
discharged to a reception facility until the tank is empty; and
    .3.3 any water subsequently introduced into the tank may be discharged into
the sea in accordance with the discharge standards in regulation 13.2.

61. Explain what is P&A Manual , which Vessel shell carry out P&A Manual
The purpose of this Manual is to identify the arrangements and equipment
required to enable compliance with Annex II and to identify for the ship's
officers all operational procedures with respect to cargo handling, tank cleaning,
slops qhandling, residue discharging, ballasting and deballasting, which must be
followed .. which carry cargo according to annex 2
62. Explain what is Oil Record Book, and What entries to be filled in
All cargo vessels where MARPOL Convention is applicable must have an oil record
book in which the chief engineer will record all oil or sludge transfers and
discharges within the vessel. This is necessary for authorities to be able to monitor
if a vessel's crew has properly disposed of their oil discharges at sea.

63. Describe condition when and what kind of Garbage you may threw overboard

the disposal into the sea of all

plastics, including but not limited to
synthetic ropes, synthetic fishing nets,
plastic garbage bags and incinerator
ashes from plastic products which
may contain toxic or heavy metal
residues, is prohibited;
  (b) the disposal into the sea of the following garbage shall
be made as far as practicable from the nearest land but in
any case is prohibited if the distance from the nearest
land is less than:
    (i) 25 nautical miles for dunnage, lining and packing
materials which will float;
    (ii) 12 nautical miles for food wastes and all other
garbage including paper products, rags, glass,
metal, bottles, crockery and similar refuse;
  (c) disposal into the sea of garbage specified in
subparagraph(b)(ii) of this regulation may be permitted
when it has passed through a comminuter or grinder and
made as far as practicable from the nearest land but in
any case is prohibited if the distance from the nearest
land is less than 3 nautical miles. Such comminuted or
ground garbage shall be capable of passing through a
screen with openings no greater than 25 mm.

64. According to MARPOL Annex VI describe definition of – SECA Area

Sulphur emission control area
65. According to MARPOL Annex VI describe definition of – a. Regulation 15 Volatile organic compounds
(1) If the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from tankers are to be regulated in
ports or terminals under the jurisdiction of a Party to the Protocol of 1997, they shall be
regulated in accordance with the provisions of this regulation.

(2) A Party to the Protocol of 1997 which designates ports or terminals under its jurisdiction in
which VOCs emissions are to be regulated shall submit a notification to the Organization. This
notification shall include information on the size of tankers to be controlled, on cargoes requiring
vapour emission control systems, and the effective date of such control. The notification shall be
submitted at least six months before the effective date.

(3) The Government of each Party to the Protocol of 1997 which designates ports or terminals at
which VOCs emissions from tankers are to be regulated shall ensure that vapour emission
control systems, approved by that Government taking into account the safety standards
developed by the Organization,* are provided in ports and terminals designated, and are operated
safely and in a manner so as to avoid undue delay to the ship.

(4) The Organization shall circulate a list of the ports and terminals designated by the Parties to
the Protocol of 1997 to other Parties to the Protocol of 1997 and Member States of the
Organization for their information.

(5) All tankers which are subject to vapour emission control in accordance with the provisions of
paragraph (2) of this regulation shall be provided with a vapour collection system approved by
the Administration taking into account the safety standards developed by the Organization, and
shall use such system during the loading of such cargoes. Terminals which have installed vapour
emission control systems in accordance with this regulation may accept existing tankers which
are not fitted with vapour collection systems for a period of three years after the effective date
identified in paragraph (2).

(6) This regulation shall only apply to gas carriers when the type of loading and containment
systems allow safe retention of non-methane VOCs on board, or their safe return ashore.

66. Speak About RADAR and ARPA

Automatic radar plotting aid Radio Detection and Rangin
67. Which Navigation Equipment Provides you Speed of The vessel and what type of the speed is
used during Navigation
Lag is navigation speed vessel 2 type of speed over ground and water and we use water
68. Speak About GPS and WGS 84
Global Positioning System The World Geodetic System (WGS) is a standard for use
in cartography, geodesy, and satellite navigation including GPS
69. When to Use BWNAS and reason?
Bridge Navigational Watch Alarm System
70. Define BAROGRAPH / BAROMETER
Self writng atmospheric preasure equipment

71. Explain SEXTANT and what Correction of Sextant do You know

 sextant, instrument for determining the angle between the horizon and a
celestial body such as the Sun, the Moon, or a star, used in celestial navigation to
determine latitude and longitude. The device consists of an arc of a circle, marked off
in degrees, and a movable radial arm pivoted at the centre of the circle.

1. Refraction: Light is bent as it enters the denser atmosphere of the earth. ...
2. Semi diameter: This correction applies to the sun and moon. ...
3. Parallax: This is the third correction, which is basically the change in position of a
celestial object as seen from two different locations.

72. Speack about GYRO COMPASS and MAGNETIC COMPASS(core)

73. Rudder angle indicator and Rate of turn indicator

Axiometer part of ruddering system shows deviation the diametrical plane of the ship Rate of
turn indicator or ROTI on board vessels indicates the rate a ship is turning. It indicates
the rate a ship is turning in degrees per minute (°/min) . It is one of the most
important instruments a helmsman can have when steering a course. It can also be used
to turn at a steady rate of turn, which is very important in pilotage water.
74. What is (VDR) Voyage Data Recorder, when and how to use it?
black box recording anything on bridge
75. Define GMDSS Components and explain use of each of it
76. Which Type of EPIRB do you know, EPIRB Battery requirements, EPIRB Test Procedure,
EPIRB action if false alerting
77. What is The SART Which Frequency use SART, SART Testing Procedure
78. Digital Selective Calling (DSC):.

79. SEA AREA according to GMDSS

80. Very High Frequencies (VHF).

Sea area A1: Covered by VHF radio enabling Digital Selective Calling (DSC) and Radio
Telephone (RT). Determined range of approximately 20-30 nautical miles.

Sea area A2: Covered by MF radio also enabling DSC and RT. Determined range up to 150
nautical miles.

Sea area A3: Covered by HF radio and Inmarsat geostationary satellite enabling DSC and
satellite communication 70°N and below 70°S.

Sea area A4: Categorized as the polar regions above 70°N and below 70°S. This area requires
HF radio with DSC.

81. Documents to be carried on board related to GMDSS

For the purposes of maritime communication, the range of 156 MHz to 174 MHz is allocated.

Channel 16, which is set at 156.800 MHz, is for Distress, Urgency and Safety communication.

Channel 70, which is set at 156.525 MHz, is for routine VHF DSC (Digital Selective Calling)
watch.
Communication channels are set put above and below Channel 16 to avoid any interference on
Channel 16.

82. GMDSS Test Requirements -

83. PAN PAN / MAYDAY / SECURITE:- Mayday is an emergency procedure word used
internationally as a distress signal in voice-procedure radio communications. Pan pan
emergency situation . securite safety information
84. ACTION WHEN RECEIVE DISTRESS MSG:-
parameter identifying the vessel (usually the name);
geographic coordinates of the location of the vessel;
type of damage;
information on the assistance needed.
Typical cases for a pan pan signal are:

loss of maneuverability by the vessel as a result of rudder or rudder damage;

stoppage of the ship, in which the ship is threatened by an indirect danger (for example, as a result
of being thrown ashore);
serious illness of one of the crew members;
or something else.
85. What function is MRCC (Mission Rescue Co-Ordination Center)
the center which provides and help in SAR missions
86. What is LRIT The Long Range Tracking and Identification (LRIT) is
an international tracking and identification system incorporated by the IMO
under its SOLAS convention to ensure a thorough tracking system for ships across
the world. ... The ship tracking system has been specifically incorporated.

87. Which charts use ECDIS

An electronic navigation chart, also known as a vector chart, is the primary type of
chart that an ECDIS uses. This is a fully modern, digital chart that incorporates all of the
advantages of electronic navigation.
88. What is S-57, S-63 and S-52 Standards S-57 is the data format used for the transfer of digital
hydrographic data between national hydrographic offices and for its distribution to
manufacturers, mariners and other data users.
Within this standard, the S-57 ENC product specification defines how hydrographic offices will
construct an Electronic Navigational Chart. By meeting these specifications hydrographic offices
will ensure that all electronic charts contain all the chart information that is necessary for safe
navigation.

What is S-63?

This standard covers three important areas:

 Piracy Protection - to prevent unauthorised use of data by encrypting the ENC information.
 Selective Access - to restrict access to ENC information to only those cells that a customer has been licenced for.
 Authentication - to provide assurance that the ENC data has come from approved sources

For the mariner, this means that data which meets these standards is authenticated and comes from an official source, reducing the
risk of using inaccurate data that is posed by unofficial ENCs and the risk of malware being introduced to a ship's IT systems.
 S-52 is a standard used by ECDIS manufacturers that determines how ENC data is displayed on an ECDIS screen through
symbols, line styles, colours and other visual cues. This means that what the mariner sees on the screen is displayed in the same
way across all approved makes and models of ECDIS.

The presentation library is an important part of this standard and ship owners are now expected to update to the latest library (4.0)
by August 2017. You can find out more information on this change in our S-52 blog.

89. What is AIO

The Admiralty Information Overlay (AIO) is a data set that contains additional
navigation information to mariners. The Admiralty Information Overlay is designed to
be displayed overtop of electronic navigation charts (ENCs) on an ECDIS display
screen and is unique only to Admiralty ENCs.
90. How to Update ENC

Manual updating in the Furuno ecdis can be done as follows:

1. Under the Chart Menu, select Manual Updates. ...
2. Select “New” and next select the type of object that is to be added, e.g.: a buoy and
select Accept New Object.

91. What is T&P NMs

T&P NMs. The UKHO issues a weekly bulletin of Temporary and Preliminary
Notices to Mariners (T&P NMs) which contains temporary information of
navigational interest to mariners using ADMIRALTY paper charts. Mariners are only
required to hold Notices to Mariners for paper charts that are on board.
92. What is Chart N1
U.S. Chart No. 1 describes the symbols, abbreviations, and terms used on
nautical charts. It is produced by NOAA and the National Geospatial-Intelligence
Agency
93. What is 4.0 presentations library.
ECDIS manufacturers refer to these IHO ECDIS Standards when developing their
software, specifically the latest Presentation Library (4.0) within S-52. This
contains instructions for the 'drawing engine' within the ECDIS on how to display
symbols, colours and line styles on the screen.
94. What is CATZOC
Category Zone of Confidence (CATZOC) values are assigned to geographical
areas to indicate whether data meets a minimum set of criteria for position, depth
accuracy and seafloor coverage. The Zone of Confidence (ZOC) value is dependent
on the positional and depth accuracy of the survey.
95. What is SAFETY DEPTH
Safety Depth: Value set by the mariner that is used by ECDIS to portray
soundings as black if they are equal to or shoaler than the value and gray if they
are deeper.
96. Meaning of SAFETY CONTOUR
Safety Contour: A specific depth contour set by ECDIS. It demarks the boundary
between “safe-water” and shallow water with an extra wide isoline and is used to
give an alarm if the ship, within a time specified by the mariner, is going to cross the
safety contour.
97. What is the difference between the safety contour and the safety depth?
Safety contour is the contour line above which we can navigate without any water depth
concern. there are available depth contour like 10m, 15m, 20m, etc in ECDIS

The sole purpose of the safety depth is to portray spot soundings either in gray for deeper
depths or black for shallower depths compared to the safety depth value entered by the
navigating officer thereby highlighting the potentially safe and unsafe areas.

The safety depth value has no effect on alarms or any other aspect of ECDIS.

Safety depth is normally the ship’s draft + squat.

98. Meaning of DEEP CONTOUR:

Deep Contour: Indicates the limit of sea area where shallow water effects occur
that can affect a vessel. It should be estimated twice or four times the draught of
vessel
99. Meaning of SHELLOW CONTOUR
Shallow Contour: Indicates the depth below a vessel could run aground and it is
equal to vessel's maximum static draft. ... It should be estimated twice or four
times the draught of vessel (depending on the depth of water available
100. What is Look-AHEAD FRAME
The look ahead or watch vector actually compares the safety settings that have
been entered by the navigating officer with the depth information contained in
the ENC, and generates an indication or warning where the safety settings will be
contravened.
101. Means And Aim of IALA System
The aim of IALA is to foster the safe, economic and efficient movement of
vessels, through improvement and harmonisation of aids to navigation worldwide
and other appropriate means, for the benefit of the maritime community and the
protection of the environment.
102. Lateral marks, shape and night light signals
103. Cardinal marks shape and night light signals

104. Define Safe water mark, Isolated danger mark, Special marks, Emergency wreck marking
buoy
105. Define REGION “A” and REGION “B” including examples of Countries Region “A” and “B” A
includes Europe, Australia, New Zealand, Africa, the Gulf and some Asian
countries whereas Region B comprises of North, South, Central America, Japan,
 Korea and the Philippines.
106. Contents of Passage Plan
107. What Is NO GO Areas and What Is Abort Point and What Is Contingency Anchorage

ontingency anchorage is an safe anchorage place which is available during the voyage..
108. Explain How will you determine risk of collision? -
109. What precaution you have to take while entering in Fog area Action before entering fog
 Sound fog signal.
 Reduce safe speed.
 Place extra look out and in congested waters change auto to manual steering.
 Exhibit navigational lights.
 Set watch on the radar.
 Have engine ready for immediate manoeuvre.
 Inform Master.

110. Determine situation when you need to reduce speed from full ahead to safe speed
Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so that she can take
proper and effective action to avoid collision and be stopped within a distance
appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions.
111. How you will understand if Gyro is fail and If the vessel will lose Gyro what is your action
112. What is Radar overlay
Radar overlay (a raw radar image overlaid on an electronic chart) is the best means
of verifying cartographic data and the output of navigation sensors. The radar
overlay feature of an ECDIS not only duplicates the radar itself, as some navigators
know, but can also be used to verify the entire navigational system.
113. What is PI (parallel Index)
Parallel indexing is a technique used as a measure to monitor the progress of a
vessel on the track and to minimise the cross track distance and to keep vessel at
a safe distance from the shoreline or rock
114. What is Off-course Alarm An off-course alarm serves for the purpose of notifying
the operator if there is any difference in the set course and the actual heading
of the vessel
115. Define TSS (Traffic Separation Scheme) and What is Narrow Channel
A traffic separation scheme or TSS is a maritime traffic-management route-system
ruled by the International Maritime Organization or IMO. The traffic-lanes (or clearways)
indicate the general direction of the ships in that zone; ships navigating within a TSS all
sail in the same direction or they cross the lane in an angle as close to 90 degrees as
possible. They are natural or dredged passages adjacent to shallow water, often
marked with lateral (red and green) buoys and range markers. All vessels utilizing a
channel must remain as close to its starboard edge as they can safely manage

116. Navigational Light and day shapes Vessel “Not Under command”
117. Navigational Light and day shapes Vessel “Constrained by her Draft”
118. Navigational Light and day shapes Vessel “Restricted by ability to manoeuver”
119. Navigational Light and day shapes Vessel “engaged in fishing”
120. Navigational Light and day shapes Vessel “A ground”
121. Navigational Light and day shapes Vessel “Underway”
122. What is visible sector of the Navigational Lights in degrees
Where do navigation lights go on a boat? Sidelights that meet the rules are designed
to cover an arc of the horizon, or sector, of 112.5 degrees.
123. What is Humidity and What is Dew Point
124. What is the Fog and how to Forecasting of sea Fog
125. Facsimile recorder what information provides
Facsimile (fax) is a means of providing weather information to ships at se
126. TRS Tropical Revolving Storm and what are the Action When approaching to TRS in TRS
Northern and Southern Hemisphere
127. What is Beaufort wind Scale
Force of wind
128. What is the Tide and Ocean Current
129. Define the Tidal flow tide types
130. What is High tide What Is Low tide
131. What is Spring tides What is Neap tides
Spring tides occur twice each lunar month all year long without regard to the
season. Neap tides, which also occur twice a month, happen when the sun and
moon are at right angles to each other.
132. What is UKC and example
Under-keel clearance (UKC) is the term commonly used to define the distance
between the lowest point on the ship's keel (or hull) and the highest point on
the channel bottom beneath the ship. ... UKC is equal to the minimum total water
depth at the location of the ship minus the maximum dynamic draft of the ship.
133. What is the SQUAD and How to Calculate Ship Squat
Squat is the reduction of a vessels Keel-Clearance, caused by the relative
movement of the ship's hull through the surrounding body of water. Compared with
the neutral position (1) the hull sinks deeper into the water and at the same time will
trim slightly.
134. Explain What is Longitude and Latitude and Nautical Mile
1852 
135. What is Mercator Chart and What is Gnomonic Chart and Explain why GC distance is shorter
Gnomonic Charts are used in passage planning to plot great circle routes as a
straight line. ... A gnomonic map projection displays all great circles as straight
lines, resulting in any line segment on a gnomonic map showing the shortest route
between the segment's two endpoints. mercator A cylindrical map projection in
which the meridians and parallels appear as lines crossing at right angles and in
which areas appear greater farther from the equator. Straight line segments
represent true bearings, thus making this projection useful for navigation.
136. What Is Magnetic Compass error and Why we need to take Compass Error
Magnetic deviation is the error induced in a compass by local magnetic fields,
which must be allowed for, along with magnetic declination, if accurate bearings
are to be calculated. (More loosely, "magnetic deviation" is used by some to mean
the same as "magnetic declination".
137. Explain what is Variation and Deviation
Deviation Отклонение стрелки компаса от линии меридиана под влиянием
находящихся вблизи больших масс железа.
Магнитное склонение — угол между географическим и магнитным меридианами в
точке земной поверхности, который показывает отличие между показаниями
магнитного компаса и истинным направлением на север в данной точке земной
поверхности в данную историческую эпоху.
138. METHODS TO FIND COMPASS ERROR
Another, quick method to find the compass error is by comparing the ship's head
with the direction of wharf on a large scale plan chart. Compass error can also
be found using the horizontal angle principle. By horizontal angle method, one is also
able to find the ship's positio
139. What is TRUE COURSE and TRUE BEARING and RELATIVE BEARING
the course of a ship or airplane measured with respect to true north. True
bearing n nautical navigation the absolute bearing is the clockwise angle between
north and an object observed from the vessel. Relative bearing refers to the
angle between the craft's forward direction and the location of another object.
140. Define and Explain methods of fixing the VESSELS POSITION
 Celestial fix by using sextant.
 Visual fix.
 Radar Fix.
 GPS.
 Echo sounder.

Parallel Indexing. Параллельное индексирование» - это метод непрерывного контроля

местоположения судна относительно линии его пути. Согласно хорошей морской
практики параллельный индекс PI отмечается на карте параллельной линией, которая
параллельна линии пути судна.

Возможны 2 варианта параллельных индексов:

1) На карте прокладывают линию пути судна (ЛП), выбирают надежный ориентир и через
него проводят линию параллельно ЛП.

2) На основе использования 2-х надежных ориентиров. Через два надежных ориентира

проводятся PI параллельные ЛП судна, назначается cross index. Устанавливается метод
контроля.

Параллельный индекс может быть использован и в других целях, таких как метод
контроля поворота судна. В этом случае определяется дистанция и пеленг до точки начала
поворота и через нее проводят PI параллельный новому курсу судна.