Detailed Lesson Plan in The Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning

Principles (ED 111)

I. Objectives
At the end of the lesson the students are expected to:
a. state the similarities and the differences between Piaget and Vygotsky’s
Cognitive Development Theory;
b. recognize the factors affecting Cognitive and Language Development;
c. explain Piaget and Vygotsky’s Cognitive Development Theory; and
d. construct a slogan that relate to cognitive development.

II. Subject Matter

Topic:
A. Cognitive Development Theories
B. Language Development
C. Factors Affecting Cognitive and Language Development

Materials:
Visual aids, graphic organizer, paper and pen

References:
https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fpositivepsychology.com
%2Fpiaget-stages-theory%2F&h=AT1pFK-2GTD3-
hLk7r6VVaTfAZ5cHwmNWotXeWRfb6ly2T3vfDaregk4jQac1uKHnQBPxcm0aob
sPc5TzE9PsaN79f24zcZtyyYJIeMjvVytQlg4VH8Ikr0O3uTLpdZc03hyvUGh0KO7
rx0&s=1
https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fsocialsci.libretexts.org
%2FBookshelves%2FEarly_Childhood_Education%2FBook
%253A_Child_Growth_and_Development_
%28Paris_Ricardo_Rymond_and_Johnson
%29%2F11%253A_Middle_Childhood_-_Cognitive__Development
%2F11.10%253A_Theories_of_Language_Development&h=AT1ZV4z4Z8VEZ18
WfBJmrtjOvIxqXgfV2U8P-
I3WgI_9tRgg_irBdR00Dsnjxlxp680ml53yA4tNLSJ7NYBbZojsSKxT_dE4EMs_om
Momd-LY3xSC-e-aVXBY0w4HdWmKidw9_Wk3P_y5pI&s=1
https://www.scarymommy.com/vygotsky-theory
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/689332286711472516/
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/central-philippines-state-university/
bachelor-in-elementary-education/vygotsky-theory-of-cognitive-development-
summary/32562803
https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch
%3Fv
 %3D4sMmoGZiMuk&h=AT3xo1iw1fvcWBJHgV0SxUzd9K3EiwD_bHJDnyolGVW
FdGEdEcta4YzKhetsgtWQBQjkvDG154nLEgizj0VCo1k3ge0TsKwEVue6l6craiJY
qPsZbBXn08EHrEm16bqGMfmhh2z48Sy8H1g&s=1

III. PROCEDURE
A. MOTIVATION
Ice Breaker: Guess the Emoji (Name the Philosopher)

B. ACTIVITIES
Picture Analysis

Process Questions:
1. What is the similarity between the two pictures?
Answer: The children are playing.
2. What is the difference between the two pictures?
Answer: In picture 1, the child plays alone while in picture 2, the children
are playing together.
 3. How does learning occur in picture 1? How about in picture 2?
Answer: In picture 1, the child can learn in his or her own. In picture 2, the
children can learn through the help of others.

C. ABSTRACTION

A. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

Cognitive Development – is the acquisition of the ability to think, reason and

problem solve.

Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development

Children are not little adults Until they reach the age of 15 or so they are not
capable of reasoning as an adult Piaget was not a psychologist. was a
development biologist who devoted his life to closely observing and recording the
intellectual abilities of infants, children and adolescents. The stages of intellectual
development formulated by Piaget appear to be vela- ted to major developments
in brain growth. The human brain is not fully development until late adolescence
or in the case of makes males some- times early adulthood. We often expect
children to think like adults when they are not yet capable of doing so.

Intelligence
When considering intelligence, Piaget focuses on the mental process that occur
rather than on the actual measure of the intellect.
Piaget's biological approach focuses on the physical and mental aspects of our
bodies. This includes our reflexes, how we adapt to certain situations using
assimilation and accommodation.

Assimilation – occurs when new information is introduced to a person. The

person begins to integrate the new information into existing files, or schema (how
you see the world). You try to make the new information fit what you already
know.

Accommodation – occurs when the person reorganizes. Schema to

accommodate themselves. with the environment. You change how you see the
world to fit the new information.

The succession of stages involves the movement through four stages that Piaget
has set and defined – Children must move through these stages. during their
childhood. These include:
 Sensorimotor
 Preoperational
 Concrete operational
  Formal operational
Stage movement is an important factor of Piaget's definition of Intelligence,
because Piaget states there, are a specific set of criteria that must be met and
mastered at each stage. In order to move from the first stage to the next, the
child must master that specific set of criteria.
To define Intellectual Competence. Piaget focuses. on the highest level of
functioning that can occur at a specific stage. Although Piaget has approximate
ages assigned to stage, a child's competence is only measured by what stage
they are in, not by age. If the child can only perform tasks that are at the
preparational stage, which is the highest level the child is at regardless of age.

Vygotsky Theory of Cognitive Development

 Vygotsky emphasizes that cognitive development is influenced by social
interaction, language and culture.
 He Believes that child and environment interact together enabling
cognitive development in a culturally adaptive way.
 He emphasized that mind is perceived to be socially constructed.

Concept of Mediation
 is a central concept in Vygotsky’ view of cognitive development.
 means that human beings purposefully interpose tools between them and
their environment, in order to modify it and obtain benefits
 cognitive development always comes from the outer (social) world towards
the internal (mental) world
Two major components of Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development:
1. Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
 also known as the zone of potential development (either way, ZPD
works) based on the idea that when teaching a child new skill, they
learn best from situations where they can almost complete a task
on their own but aren’t quite there. That’s were having a teacher,
parent, or someone else comes in, gradually offering less
assistance until the child has mastered the task on their own.

2. Scaffolding
 Vygotsky referred to the teaching methods used to help a child
learn a new skill as “scaffolding.”
 According to Merriam-Webster, scaffolding is defined as “a system
or framework of support provided by an instructor to help a student
reach the next level of learning.”

B. LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

Language Development
 It is the process through which children acquire the ability to process
speech and communicate.
 It is starts with sounds and gesture, then words and sentences. How
can we support this development to the children? By reading books
and sharing stories. Although it will take years for their capabilities to
develop fully.

C. FACTORS AFFECTING COGNITIVE AND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT HAS TWO MAJOR FACTORS:

1. BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
2. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

SIX MAIN BIOLOGICAL FACTORS

a. Sense Organs – it receives stimuli from the environment.
b. Intelligence – children with low IQ are not able to receive stimuli from the
environment, thus, their cognitive logs behind intelligence.
c. Heredity – influenced by the heredity traits, one gets from the parents.
d. Nutritional Factors – proteins play an important role in the brain
development and are essential for learning and developing.
e. Sensory Organs – enable children to recognize and to the people around
them.
 f. Maturation – as they matured, they get more interactive with environment
for a good.

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS the external influence that affects cognitive

development is mostly controllable they include:
I. LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES – opportunity a child gets to learn.
II. ECONOMIC STATUS – children get more opportunities and better training.
III. EXTERNAL STIMULI – such as books and learning toys are important in
development.
IV. FAMILY AND SOCIETY – children interact with people tend to become brighter
and gain confidence.
V. PLAY – is an essential aspect to cognitive development.

In Language Development, there are main factors that affect language

development these are:
SOCIAL – a child’s language development depends on social interactions.
EDUCATIONAL – affects the child’s language and though development.
BIOLOGICAL – some children are slow in language and speech development
due to a biological problem.

D. APPLICATION
Venn Diagram
Direction: Using the Venn Diagram, identify the words or phrases from the given
box below to which theory it belongs.
E. ASSESSMENT
Multiple Choice:
1. Which theorist most stresses the importance of social support and
language in cognitive development growth?
a. Liv Tyler
b. Mendeleev
c. Lev Vygotsky
2. The person begins to integrate the new information into existing files or
schema.
a. schemata
b. assimilation
c. accommodation
3. The first stage of development is the ____________ stage.
a. sensorimotor
b. accommodation
c. assimilation
4. It is adjusting what is already known to fit the new information.
a. schemata
b. assimilation
c. accommodation
5. It is the acquisition of the ability to think, reason and problem solve.
a. Physical Development
b. Emotional Development
c. Cognitive Development
6. He was one of the 20th century’s most influential researchers in the area of
development psychology.
a. Jane Piaget
b. Jean Piaget
 c. Jen Piaget
7. Language development supports your child’s ability to:
a. read
b. communicate
c. hear
8. Language is just one aspect of a child’s overall intellectual development.
a. Cognitive Theory
b. Interaction Theory
c. Behaviorist Theory
9. As the child get matured, they get more interactive with their environment
for a good cognitive development.
a. Maturation
b. Sensory organ
c. Heredity
10. Are important cognitive development, they enable children to recognize
things and people around them more easily.
a. Maturation
b. Nutrition
c. Sensory Organ

Overall cognitive developmental

c.

heavily
relies on social interaction
F. ASSIGNMENT

Slogan Making
Create a slogan that enhance your cognitive development.
Example: Explore now, learn tomorrow, and share to the future generation.

Rubrics:
Content - 40%
Originality - 20%
Creativity - 20%
Neatness - 20%_
100%
 GROUP 5
Members:
Moreno, Aileen
Molera, Dhanica
Obina, Angelica
Padayogdog, Kheny
Palanca, Jephil