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PPT - Water

Water covers 71% of the Earth's surface, but most is saline and undrinkable. Water circulates through evaporation and condensation in a cycle, with rain and snow replenishing freshwater sources. However, increasing population, industry, agriculture, and irregular rainfall are depleting water tables and causing shortages. Conservation methods like rainwater harvesting and drip irrigation can help alleviate shortages and promote sustainable water management.

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Tarun Bisen
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47 views42 pages

PPT - Water

Water covers 71% of the Earth's surface, but most is saline and undrinkable. Water circulates through evaporation and condensation in a cycle, with rain and snow replenishing freshwater sources. However, increasing population, industry, agriculture, and irregular rainfall are depleting water tables and causing shortages. Conservation methods like rainwater harvesting and drip irrigation can help alleviate shortages and promote sustainable water management.

Uploaded by

Tarun Bisen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Water

General Science
Presented by yaSIR
Uses of Water
• 22 March is celebrated as the world water
day!
HOW MUCH WATER IS AVAILABLE
• You are aware that about 71% of the earth’s
surface is covered with water.
• All of us get water from the same sources such
as ponds, lakes, rivers and wells.
• The water in the oceans and seas has many
salts dissolved in it — the water is saline.
• So, it is not fit for drinking and other domestic,
agricultural and industrial needs.
Distribution of Water
Water in taps comes from rivers, lakes
or wells
Evaporation of Water
• During the daytime, sunlight falls on the water in
oceans, rivers, lakes and ponds.
• The fields and other land areas also receive
sunlight.
• As a result, water from all these places
continuously changes into vapour.
• However, the salts dissolved in the water are left
behind.
• Evaporation of water is a slow process. That is
why we rarely notice its loss from a bucket full
of water.
• In sunlight, evaporation takes place faster.
Transpiration: Loss of Water by Plants
• Plants use a part of this water to prepare their
food and retain some of it in their different
parts.
• Remaining part of this water is released by the
plants into air, as water vapour through the
process of transpiration.
How are clouds formed?
• The process of condensation plays an important
role in bringing water back to the surface of
earth.
• How does it happen?
• As we go higher from the surface of the earth, it
gets cooler. When the air moves up, it gets cooler
and cooler.
• At sufficient heights, the air becomes so cool
that the water vapour present in it condenses
to form tiny drops of water called droplets.
• It is these tiny droplets that remain floating in
air and appear to us as clouds.
• It so happens that many droplets of water come
together to form larger sized drops of water.
• Some drops of water become so heavy that they
begin to fall.
• These falling water-drops are, what we call rain.
In special conditions, it may also fall as hail or
snow.
Recycling of Water
• Thus, water in the form of vapour goes into air
by evaporation and transpiration, forms
clouds, and then comes back to the ground as
rain, hail or snow.
BACK TO THE OCEANS

Rain water flows down in the form of


streams and rivers
• Snow in the mountains melts into water. This
water flows down the mountains in the form of
streams and rivers .
• Some of the water that falls on land as rain, also
flows in the form of rivers and streams.
• Most of the rivers cover long distances on land
and ultimately fall into a sea or an ocean.
• However, water of some rivers flows into lakes.
• A part of the rainwater gets absorbed by the ground
and seems to disappear in the soil.
• Some of this water is brought back to the air by the
process of evaporation and transpiration. The rest
seeps into the ground.
• Most of this water becomes available to us as ground
water. Open wells are fed by ground water. Ground
water is the source for many lakes as well.
Groundwater and water table
• If we dig deeper and deeper, we would reach a
level where all the space between particles of soil
and gaps between rocks are filled with water.
• The upper limit of this layer is called the water
table. The water table varies from place to place,
and it may even change at a given place.
• The water found below the water table is called
groundwater.
• The rainwater and water from other sources such
as rivers and ponds seeps through the soil and
fills the empty spaces and cracks deep below the
ground.
• The process of seeping of water into the ground
is called infiltration.
• At places the groundwater is stored between
layers of hard rock below the water table. This
is known as an aquifer.
• Water in the aquifers can be usually pumped
out with the help of tube wells or handpumps.
DEPLETION OF WATER TABLE
• Increasing population
• Increasing industries
• Agricultural activities
• Irregular Rainfall
Soil Erosion
• In those areas where the land has little or no
vegetation, the rainwater flows
• away quickly. Flowing rainwater also takes the
top layer of the soil away with it.
Concrete Land
• There are few areas where most of the land is
covered with concrete.
• This reduces the seepage of rainwater into the
ground which ultimately affects the
availability of ground water.
Flooding
Water Cycle
Water Management
RAINWATER HARVESTING
• Collecting rainwater in this way is called
rainwater harvesting.
• The basic idea behind rainwater harvesting is
“Catch water where it falls”.
a) Rooftop rainwater harvesting
• In this system the rainwater is collected from the
rooftop to a storage tank, through pipes.
• This water may contain soil from the roof and
need filtering before it is used.
• Instead of collecting rainwater in the tank, the
pipes can go directly into a pit in the ground.
• This then seeps into the soil to recharge or refill
the ground water.
b) Directly go into Groundwater
• Another option is to allow water to go into the
ground directly from the roadside drains that
collect rainwater.
Construction of Bawris
• An age old practice of water storage and
water recharge like the bawris.
• Bawri was the traditional way of collecting
water.
• With time the bawris fell into disuse and
garbage started piling in these reservoirs.
Bawris
Drip Irrigation
• Drip irrigation is a technique of watering
plants by making use of narrow tubings which
deliver water directly at the base of the plant.
Revision
• Water is essential for all living beings. There can be no
life without it.
• Water exists in three forms: solid, liquid and vapour.
• Though water is maintained by the water cycle, yet
there is an acute scarcity of water in many parts of the
globe.
• There is an uneven distribution of water. Much of it has
resulted from human activities.
• Rapid growth of industries, increasing population, growing irrigation
requirements and mismanagement are some of the causes for water
shortage.
• We need to be worried about the wastage during the supply of water
through pipes, the leaking taps in buildings and other places.
• Unnecessary use of water and overdrawing from groundwater should be
avoided. Recharge of water to the ground should be increased.
• The need of the hour is that every individual uses water economically.
• Plants wilt and ultimately dry-up if they are not watered for a few days.
• Water vapour gets added to air by evaporation and transpiration.
• The water vapour in the air condenses to form tiny droplets of
water, which appear as clouds. Many tiny water droplets come
together and fall down as rain, snow or hail.
• Rain, hail and snow replenish water in rivers, lakes, ponds, wells and
soil.
• The circulation of water between ocean and land is known as the
water cycle.
• Excessive rains may cause floods while lack of it for long periods
may cause droughts.

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