ILOCOS SUR

POLYTECHNIC STATE
Candon Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE
GE Elect 103 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Lesson 7 KEEPING PLANET EARTH SUSTAINABLE
Learning and appreciating environmental science revolves around the three themes:
sound science; stewardship, and sustainability. In the first unit, the scientific principles
essential to environmental science concepts were explored. Unit two, the need for
stewardship is emphasized in the various environmental issues plaguing the planet. In this
unit, we discuss the specific methods and initiatives of societies that aim towards the
direction of long-term sustainability.
Looking for the future, it is apparent that the only possible way to support life on earth
for years to come is to start practicing sustainability. Simply, sustainability should be the
working principle by which our interactions with the natural world should be based on. To
achieve this, we have to always bear in mind the knowledge of how the natural world works
and how human activities impact it. Sustainability becomes a more complex concept as
sustainable solutions have to be economically feasible, socially desirable, and ecologically
viable. These dimensions require much political will and influence for sustainable solutions to
materialize.
The good news is that many people are proactively engaging in reporting and
addressing environmental concerns. Stewardship is being ingrained to the people, no doubt
bolstered by the easy access to information and communication via social media. Grassroots
solutions, conscientious commercial products, governments and industries recognizing and
addressing environmental conscious processes - these are examples of effective
stewardship at work towards achieving sustainability technological developments have lent
proactive community groups and other sectors of society advocating for the health of the
planet and more opportunities to have their voices heard.
ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIETY
The ACROS Fukuoka building in Japan has two distinct offerings: it is a conventional
office with glass walls and simultaneously a huge garden-terraced roof that continuous on to a
park. The garden terraces boast 35,000 plants belonging to 76 species. This is an outstanding
example of green building – an energy-efficient and environmentally-friendly building which
building with which balances the need for a green space in city areas as well as ensuring the
commercial developer’s requirement of profitable use. Green buildings are one of the
technological solutions advocated by society for sustainable living.
By now, the influence of the environment on human living and vice-versa must be clear
to you. Interdependence of the society and the environment emphasizes our rule in
stewardship directed towards sustainability. For better management of our natural resources,
society has made strategic interventions in terms of environmental education, environmental
technologies, and implementation of environmental management systems – all of which
contribute to the global movement for green economy, and the ambitious course towards the
growth of green cities.

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Course Code: GE Elect 103 1|Page

Descriptive Title: Environmental Science
Instructor: Mrs. A mabel Marina C. Marcaida
 ILOCOS SUR
POLYTECHNIC STATE
Candon Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE

This lesson aims to:

1. promote appreciation of the importance of environmental education for the sustainable
development of our country,
2. familiarize students with society’s strategies aimed at promoting sustainability and
resilience of ecosystems, human beings and society in general, to inculcate the
sustainability ethic in our daily activities, and;
3. advocate just and judicious stewardship of Earth’s natural wealth and resources.
Sustainable Living
Innovation and technology has been progressing at an exceptional speed in the past
decades. Our evolving consciousness for the environmental sustainability has fuelled some
of these changes as seen development of products and services that strive to reduce the
negative impacts to the environment. However, there are also technological advances that
oppose this push for sustainability as they contribute to massive consumption and excessive
generation of wastage.
Most of the production and consumption systems used today are linear systems-raw
materials are extracted, processed, used, and then disposed as waste. In a world where raw
resources for raw materials are abundant, this linear system does not pose a problem.
However, the reality is that the planet has limited natural resources to support the demands
of a growing global population. The linear economic model is simply unsustainable.
Perhaps the most known approach for breaking the linear economy is the waste hierarchy, a
priority of actions to be taken to reduce the generation of waste and improve waste
management. It is best known as the 3R’s: reduce, or lessening the consumption of a
product and its associated materials: reuse, using products over and over again; and
recycle feeding back materials into the system. This approach supports a circular economy
rather than a linear one. Smart design, sharing, repair, and remanufacturing are also
approaches that reinforce circular economy.
For society to live sustainably, it must be our goal to shift from linear economy to a
circular economy, at the soonest time possible. By closing the loops of the current economy
model the potential benefits include the preservation of the natural resources and minimal
waste generation. The processes outlined in the illustration above the have birthed the
concept of eco-innovation, which is defined as innovation that leads toward development of
circular economy. Societies which have embraced or continue to aspire towards this end are
regarded as green cities.
CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND ECO-INNOVATION
The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), which aims to
promote policies for the economic and social well-being of people in the world, defines eco-
innovation as “the creation of new, or significantly improved, products (goods and services),
process, marketing methods, organizational structures and institutional arrangements which –
with or without intent – led to environmental improvements compared to relevant alternatives”.
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Course Code: GE Elect 103 2|Page

Descriptive Title: Environmental Science
Instructor: Mrs. A mabel Marina C. Marcaida
 ILOCOS SUR
POLYTECHNIC STATE
Candon Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE
In 2011, the EU-funded Eco-Innovation Observatory (EIO) which studies eco-innovation trends
and markets in Europe, formally defined it as “any innovation that reduces the use of natural
resources and decreases the release of harmful substances across the whole life cycle”. The
emphasis is on two points: first eco-innovations benefit the environment as the negative
impacts are reduced; and second, the whole life cycle of a product or service (materials for
manufacturing, design, use reuse, and recycling potential) is considered because of its
conceived environmental benefits.
There are several classifications of eco-innovation. The Measuring Eco-Innovation
(MEI) project for the European Commission classifies different types of emerging technologies
or innovations based on its intended purpose: environmental technologies, organizational
innovations for the environment, product and service innovations that offer environmental
benefits and green system innovation
Classification of Eco-Innovation According to the MEI Project
Environmental technologies Green System Innovation

 Pollution control technologies (i.e.  Alternative systems of production

water treatment) and consumption
 Cleaner process technology
 Waste management equipment
 Environmental monitoring and
instrumentation
 Green energy technologies
 Water supply
 Noise and vibration control
Product and Service Innovation Organizational Innovation

 Environmentally improved products  Biological agriculture

including eco-houses and buildings  Environmental management systems
 Green financial products (eco-lease (ISO14001)
or climate mortgages)  Chain management
 Environmental management (waste
management, environmental
consulting)
 Services that emit less pollution
(carpooling)

FINAL REQUIREMENT/PROJECT
Make a two (2) minute Video Presentation depicting the different Environmental
Technologies and Innovation and Its Impact to the humanity.
Deadline of submission: June 30, 2022

GREEN CITIES
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Descriptive Title: Environmental Science
Instructor: Mrs. A mabel Marina C. Marcaida
 ILOCOS SUR
POLYTECHNIC STATE
Candon Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE
A city is a social, ecological, and economic system within a defined geographical territory.
Defined patterns of human settlement can be observed within a city, differentiated from other
settlements by their population size and function. The populous city in Metro Manila include the cities
of Manila, Makati and Quezon. They have their distinct characteristics defined by the people, way of
life, services, space, and landscape. In pursuit of sustainability, we must work and grow our cities to
become green or environment-friendly.
Green cities are cities that have been identified as environment-friendly. There are many
indicators for measuring the impact of a city to the environment.
Primary Parameters:
1. Levels of Pollution
2. Carbon Emissions
3. Energy Consumption
4. Water Quality and Consumption
5. Use of renewable Energy
6. Volume of Wastes produced
7. Rates of recycling
8. Green Areas Throughout the city
9. Presence and Land area occupied by forests, and
10. Land Area used for Agriculture

The ecological footprint has also been used as a measure of a city’s environmental
consumption. The potential of a city to be environment-friendly is also taken into consideration,
with green cities taking the lead in green policies and undertaking green projects. Ecological
footprint summarizes the amount of land and water area required by each person, city, or
nation to produce all the resources that is consumed and absorb all the waste that this
production and consumption generates.
Various cities in the US, Canada and Europe pioneered strategies in the creation of
green cities. In Asia, Singapore introduced policies to innovate bus rapid transit system. Other
parameter towards being a green city may include such as factors as controlling diseases and
their health burden, reducing chemical and physical hazards, developing high quality urban
environments for all, minimizing transfers of environmental costs to areas outside the city, and
ensuring progress towards sustainable consumption.
Green cities aim to have strategic integration of space in order to promote efficient
transportation and communication network to bring about the efficiency of its production and
service delivery system. Achieving that is tantamount to promoting the status of urban
competiveness.
Green cities promote Environmentally Sustainable Transport (EST). It is believed to
reduce annual growth rate of energy consumption and associated greenhouse gases and air
pollutant emissions, enhance sustainable mobility through the development of a viable market
for EST, and promote the shifts towards the use of more sustainable transport modes of low
carbon intensity, such as non-motorized transport and electronic vehicles (e-jeepneys and e-
tricycles).
Green cities are economically, socially, and environmentally beneficial.
Economic benefits using EST:
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Course Code: GE Elect 103 4|Page

Descriptive Title: Environmental Science
Instructor: Mrs. A mabel Marina C. Marcaida
 ILOCOS SUR
POLYTECHNIC STATE
Candon Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE
1. Reduced infrastructure costs;
2. Formation of agglomerate economies;
3. Reduced traffic congestion costs while simultaneously reducing emissions
- Reduced congestion cost result to much less fuel wasted in traffic jams
4. Easing up on other environmental impact.

Social Benefits:
1. More employment opportunities – create more jobs through urban and peri-urban
green agriculture, public transport, renewable energy, waste management and
recycling, and green consumption
2. Poverty reduction – potential to grow tradable activities-resulting to high value of
exportable goods
3. Improved quality of life – through community cohesion (aspect of life and affecting
individuals, families and social groups – has positive impacts on physical and mental
health of the people which can be measured through traffic calming and promotion
of walkability.

Environmental Benefits:
1. Reduction of pollution – air pollution remains a major health burden especially in
developing world. Urban trees can provide a service for air cleansing.
2. Improvement of public health and ecosystem services, and
3. Risk reduction – can reduce the impacts of climate change and weather conditions

Other benefits (greening the urban sectors)

1. Transport
2. Buildings
3. Energy
4. Vegetation and Landscape,
5. Water
6. Food
7. Waste
8. Infrastructure, and
9. Digital technology

Activity # 7.1
Answer the following:
1. What is your concept on a sustainable living?
2. What makes a city “green”?
3. Give three specific examples on economic benefits of greening a city.

ECO-INNOVATION

ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES

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Course Code: GE Elect 103 5|Page

Descriptive Title: Environmental Science
Instructor: Mrs. A mabel Marina C. Marcaida
 ILOCOS SUR
POLYTECHNIC STATE
Candon Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE
In carrying out sustainability measures and innovative strategies, various
environmental technologies have evolved. Environmental technologies are solutions of
environmental problems aimed to mitigate the impact of production on the environment. It may
come in the form of new environment-friendly devices, new materials, or techniques employed
in sectors such as industry, services, and transport, even inside household. Environmental
technologies pave the way for pollution prevention, reduction, or containment.

PRODUCT AND SERVICE INNOVATION

Product and service innovations are new or improved goods and products that offer
environmental benefits by reducing the use of raw materials and lessening the generation of
carbon emissions and pollution. Product innovations include green houses and green
buildings, while services such as wastewater or solid waste management and environmental
consulting and testing qualify as services innovations.

Green Buildings
A sustainable green building is basically the practice of conceiving a design, followed
through by construction and operation, and even reusing buildings in an ecologically friendly
and resource-efficient manner. The focus is on the promotion of practicing sustainable site
development, efficient usage of energy, improvement of water management and air quality,
and lastly the utilization of green materials ultimately leading to the preservation of cultural
heritage

What is green building?

A green’ building is a building that, in its design, construction or operation, reduces or
eliminates negative impacts, and can create positive impacts, on our climate and natural
environment. Green buildings preserve precious natural resources and improve our quality of
life.
There are a number of features which can make a building ‘green’. These include: 
 Efficient use of energy, water and other resources
 Use of renewable energy, such as solar energy
 Pollution and waste reduction measures, and the enabling of re-use and recycling
 Good indoor environmental air quality
 Use of materials that are non-toxic, ethical and sustainable
 Consideration of the environment in design, construction and operation
 Consideration of the quality of life of occupants in design, construction and operation
 A design that enables adaptation to a changing environment

Benefits of Green Buildings

1. Lower energy and water bills,
2. Reduce greenhouse gas emission
3. Less exposure to mold, mildew and indoor toxins

There are a number of advantages in this avenue; If buildings require less energy, this
leads to reduced demand for power plants. Moreover, improved quality of effluents from
buildings helps the government to maintain cleaner water resources. Practices incorporating

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Course Code: GE Elect 103 6|Page

Descriptive Title: Environmental Science
Instructor: Mrs. A mabel Marina C. Marcaida
 ILOCOS SUR
POLYTECHNIC STATE
Candon Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE
improved and sustainable resource management help businesses to reduce waste generated
at job sites, which help relieve the need for landfills.

The green building movement is an attempt to minimize and eliminate negative

impacts and maximize environmental, economic and community/human benefits.
Protect existing natural spaces: Green buildings tend not to be constructed on
environmentally sensitive lands. If they are constructed on or near green spaces, measures
are taken to limit the impact on the local ecology.
Enhance existing ecology: Green buildings often are constructed on previously developed
property, with measures taken to restore plant life to building sites by decreasing the site area
used for parking, or through the use of green roofs, which provide a more ecologically friendly
alternative to conventional roofing systems.
Enhance existing ecology: Green buildings often are constructed on previously developed
property, with measures taken to restore plant life to building sites by decreasing the site area
used for parking, or through the use of green roofs, which provide a more ecologically friendly
alternative to conventional roofing systems.
Reduce water use: Water use typically results in draws of clean water from the environment
and delivery of contaminated water back to the environment. Excessive water use can also
act as a transport mechanism of other contaminants, such as fertilizers used in landscaping.
By reducing water use, green buildings minimize
Reduce material use and use low-impact materials: All materials carry embodied
environmental effects, in that there are environmental and ecological consequences as a
result of their production and use through their life cycle. Green buildings promote the use of
materials with lower embodied environmental and ecological burdens. Green buildings also
typically utilize fewer materials, through efficient design and elimination of unnecessary finish
materials (for example, many green buildings employ exposed structural materials, rather
than covering these materials with a wall finish). Lastly, green building operations promote
recycling in their operation.
Reduce emissions to air: Green buildings effectively reduce air pollution through reduced
energy use, the use of appropriate refrigerants, the use of materials with low off-gassing, and
other steps. The reduction in use of fossil fuels at the building site result in lower air pollution
contributions at the site, while reduction in electricity use results in lower air pollution
associated with power plants.
Reduced Operating Costs – lower energy, water, landscaping, insurance, and waste costs.
Savings in energy costs of 20-50% are common through integrated planning, site orientation,
energy-saving technologies, on-site renewable energy-producing technologies, light-
reflective materials, natural daylight and ventilation, and downsized HVAC and other
equipment.
Mitigated Risk- Many of the tangible benefits of green buildings reduce a variety of risks,
which should be reflected in insurance rates.
For example, green buildings tend to be healthier for occupants, which should be reflected in
health insurance premiums. The self-reliant nature of green buildings (natural light, off grid
electricity, use of site water) should reduce a broad range of liabilities, and the general site
locations should reduce risks of property loss due to natural disasters. Lastly, the integrated
design of a building can reduce the risk of inappropriate systems or materials being

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Course Code: GE Elect 103 7|Page

Descriptive Title: Environmental Science
Instructor: Mrs. A mabel Marina C. Marcaida
 ILOCOS SUR
POLYTECHNIC STATE
Candon Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE
employed, which could affect other insurable risks. For example, Fireman’s Fund Insurance
offers discounts to commercial owners who rebuild damaged property using “green” building
practices, which tend also to improve building safety.
Improved Employee Productivity and Satisfaction- via better occupant comfort, improved
indoor air quality, natural light, and better acoustics.
A variety of studies show a positive relationship between green building elements and
increased worker productivity. Since a majority of the annual employee and workplace costs
is for salaries (as much as 60%), increasing worker productivity by a very small percentage
or reducing absenteeism by a day or two per year, or causing people to work a few additional
minutes per day, the economic productivity benefits will swamp the economic benefits
associated with energy savings or reduced water use.
Environmental and Community Benefits–reduced smog and urban heat island effect,
conserved resources, and lowered carbon footprint.
Green buildings offer value to communities by reducing congestion and pollution from
automobiles, by minimizing their carbon footprint, and by fostering stronger neighborhoods
through the creation of green space and support for the local business economy.

GREEN SYSTEM INNOVATION

Green innovation or Eco-innovation and can be defined as a process that contributes
to the creation of new production and technologies with the aim of reducing environmental
risks, like pollution and negative consequences of resource exploitation (e.g. energy)
(Castellacci and Lie, 2017). Green system innovations are alternate offerings of production
and consumption models that have significantly less negative impact to the environment
compared to the existing systems. Renewable-based energy technologies and innovations in
biological agriculture and marine protected areas are notable examples of green system
innovations.
Renewable Energy Technologies
Renewable, alternative energy technologies are currently pursued in order to reduce
carbon emissions globally. We have learned that carbon emissions are the main drivers of the
occurrence of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, mainly carbon dioxide. Increasing
greenhouse gases are causing global warming with consequent increases in average global
temperature. To shift from traditional non-renewable forms of energy –such as carbon-based
fuels (coal and oil deposits) – would require exploring alternative sources which will be low-or-
zero-carbon emitting and will therefore be environment-friendly, sustainably sourced and
renewable.
Among the renewable energy resources now used are hydropower, geothermal power,
biomass, solar, and wind power. With the enactment of the Renewable Energy Act, this
stipulates that shifting to renewable energy will become imperative in the energy-requiring
sectors.
In the Philippines, the demand for solar, wind, and biomass energy sources is seen to
grow in due time as these are in abundant supply in our island archipelago. It is expected that
the next decade will bring about a major shift in energy use from fossil fuels to renewable
energy technology.

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Course Code: GE Elect 103 8|Page

Descriptive Title: Environmental Science
Instructor: Mrs. A mabel Marina C. Marcaida
 ILOCOS SUR
POLYTECHNIC STATE
Candon Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE
Technologies in Coastal, Marine, and Agroecosystems
 Establishment of Marine Protected Areas
The coastal ecosystems of the Philippines are some of the most productive and
biologically diverse ecosystems found in the world. This diversity is primarily due to the
high primary productivity that also translates to fishery yields. Coral reefs and the
associated seagrass beds are among the most productive coastal ecosystems.
The establishment of MPAs has been widely promoted to improve the management of
coastal resources within the country. In general, most MPAs were located in relatively
remote coastal; areas with numerous reports and studies used to document the
knowledge gained from planting and managing the MPAs.
One beneficial effect of MPA is the so called spillover effect. Since the MPA
becomes fish sanctuary or no-catch zone in an area specified by local ordinance, the
aquatic protected life inside the sanctuary becomes vibrant and thriving. As it becomes
a strictly protected zone, fish population increases and spillover fish production goes to
the buffer zones around the sanctuary wherein fishing is allowed. The MPAs located
between Malaysia and Philippines on the Turtle Islands is a good example of how
marine protected areas offer value-added fisheries and protecting endangered species.
 Green Buffer Zones
Mangrove ecosystems are natural ecological buffer zones. They may be naturally
vegetated or replanted areas of mangroves and coastal vegetation, around the
perimeter of the aggregate site, or adjacent to an environmentally sensitive area such
as stream, wetland, or urban development. These zones can mitigate storm surges,
minimize erosion, improve water quality, intercept dust, reduce noise, act as a wildlife
corridor or enhance the visual appearance of the operation with trees, shrubs, and
plants, reduce pollution into streams, and reduce the flow and velocity of storm water.
 Agroforestry
Agroforestry (agriculture + forestry is a method of land use wherein trees or
shrubs are grown in the periphery or among the agricultural crops. The combination of
forest and agriculture ecosystems creates a more diverse and productive integrated
ecosystem. Agroforestry is a strategy to rehabilitate degraded forestlands, reduce soil
erosion, improve quality of soil, and increase vegetative cover and land productivity. It is
also recommended strategy adaptation and mitigation of climate change in terms of
increased carbon sequestrian and reduction of greenhouse gases. This has high
potential for production as vast areas of degraded land can be converted for
agroforestry purposes. The economic benefits include diversification of the farmer’s
income. Crop diversity provides security in cases of pest or disease outbreaks in crops.
Nutritional diversity is also good for community health.

AGROFOSTRY SYSTEMS
Silvopasture. Combines forest trees, forage plants, and livestock production; can
provide soft- or hard – wood timber, fruits, shades, and shelter.
Alley cropping. Planting rows of trees with a companion crop grown in the alleyways;
can diversify farm income and improve crop production.

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Course Code: GE Elect 103 9|Page

Descriptive Title: Environmental Science
Instructor: Mrs. A mabel Marina C. Marcaida
 ILOCOS SUR
POLYTECHNIC STATE
Candon Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE
Forest farming. Cultivating high-value specialty crops under a forest canopy; canopy
provides protection and correct shade level that encourages growth and enhances crop
production.
Windbreaks. Plantation made up of linear plantings of trees and shrubs; plantation
design enhances crop production, provides shelter from the wind, and prevents soil
erosion.
Riparian forest buffers. Combination of trees, shrubs, grasses , and forbs, planted
along a stream; can act as buffers for non-point source pollution of waterways from
land, protect from bank erosion, protect the aquatic ecosystem, and increase
biodiversity.

ORGANIZATIONAL INNOVATION
The signs of the times are becoming more alarming – disasters, global warming,
denuded forests, mountains of garbage, worsening air and water pollution, and arable lands
turning into deserts. Our environment has been degraded and our natural resources depleted.
And It would not take long before we find ourselves face-to-face with irreversible colossal
disaster.
Today, public clamor for a greener and sustainable future is pushing the business
sector and industries worldwide to take responsibility and alter their processes and activities
that have adverse effects to the environment so as to gain consumer’s confidence in their
products and services. With more citizens becoming environmentally conscious with their
preferences and practices, the demand for eco-friendly products and services increases, which
in turn pressures manufacturers and suppliers to go green and be recognized as an ally in
protecting and preserving the environment.
The Environment Management System (EMS) is a structured framework for managing
an organization’s impact to the environment. It describes the organizational structure,
responsibilities, practices, processes, and resources for implementing and maintaining
environmental management. The framework zooms in on the management of waste,
emissions, energy use, transport, and consumption of materials. Other factors taken into
account are the effect of climate change, impacts on wildlife, and use of natural resources in
manufacturing processes.
Adopting an EMS is beneficial to both businesses and the environment because it can
manage and improve its environmental performance and help increase resource efficiency by
cutting waste and energy use, help the company comply with environmental laws and
regulations, to help generate financial savings through optimized use of resources and efficient
practices, and lastly to help adapt to a changing environment.
National and international EMS certification schemes started on the early 1990s and
have evolved to become standards and structures compatible with mainstream standards such
as ISO 9001 quality standard.
The increasing awareness on environmental impact is on outcry that is far more
intensified by the combined efforts of the local and national governments, regulators, trade
associations, customers, employees, and shareholders. The standard is limiting; it is relevant
to all types and sizes of organizations and is designed for diverse geographical, cultural, and
social conditions. ISO 14001 is relevant to every organization, including single site to large

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Course Code: GE Elect 103 10 | P a g e

Descriptive Title: Environmental Science
Instructor: Mrs. A mabel Marina C. Marcaida
 ILOCOS SUR
POLYTECHNIC STATE
Candon Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE
multinational companies and have high risk companies to low risk service organizations;
manufacturing, process, and the service industries, including local governments; all industry
sectors including public and private sectors; and original equipment manufacturers and their
suppliers.

Institutional Integration of the Sustainability

Ethics – Think Global, Act Local
For society and the world to survive, it is becoming imperative for nations
and individuals to live within the finite boundaries of our ecosystem. We only have
one planet with a finite amount of resources.
It is our role as stewards of the environment to integrate sustainability in
our daily ethic. A global and holistic perspective should be translated and
mainstreamed to achieve a sustainable society. Each of us makes hundreds of
decisions a day that affect the environment in some way or other, whether it is a
decision to take walk or take the car once a week. It is our duty to educate
ourselves and others about the importance of sustainable living and to practice it
in our everyday lives.

Activity 7.2
1. How can green buildings contribute to protection of the environment?
2. Discuss the benefits of establishing a marine protected area?

Assignment
1. What is an environmental education?
2. What are the benefits of environmental education?

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Course Code: GE Elect 103 11 | P a g e

Descriptive Title: Environmental Science
Instructor: Mrs. A mabel Marina C. Marcaida
 ILOCOS SUR
POLYTECHNIC STATE
Candon Campus
COLLEGE

MODULE

 
Environmental and Community Benefits– reduced smog and urban heat island effect, conserved
resources, and lowered carbon footprint.

Green buildings offer value to communities by reducing congestion and pollution from automobiles, by
minimizing their carbon footprint, and by fostering stronger neighborhoods through the creation of green
space and support for the local business economy.

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Course Code: GE Elect 103 12 | P a g e

Descriptive Title: Environmental Science
Instructor: Mrs. A mabel Marina C. Marcaida