African Energy Atlas 2018

africa-energy-atlas.
com 2018/2019 edition
African Energy Atlas
Generation*
51,598MW Natural gas
47,218MW Coal Population
34,442MW Hydro Natural gas
21,376MW Liquid fuels reserves*
Access to Electricity 7.1%

(2016) of world 2010: 1.008 billion
reserves 2018: 1.231 billion
608 million
5,126MW* Oil reserves*
wind 126.5bn bbls
2,868MW*
solar
Installed capacity*
212GW
PPAs signed in 2017
36
* Data for end-2017. See page 2 for sources
ISSN 2046-0473
Power definitions
Status:
Operating means plants that are producing electricity, even if
this is substantially below maximum capacity.
Construction means that building work is ongoing at the site.
Planned means any project which has not yet begun
construction. This includes projects which are at a very early
African Energy Atlas 2018/2019
stage of development, such as identified hydro sites, as well as
Editor those which are much more advanced. The data tables shown
Thalia Griffiths - thalia@africa-energy.com under the maps refer only to planned projects displayed on the
Cartographer map.
David Burles
Contributing Editors
Dan Marks, John Hamilton, Jon Marks Fuels:
Sales and Service Natural gas means any plant fuelled by natural gas, whatever
Direct: +44 (0) 1424 721 667 the source, including both liquefied natural gas (LNG) and
Email: subscriptions@cbi-publishing.com pipeline gas.
Web: www.africa-energy.com
Liquid fuels include all fuel oils, crude oils, shale oil and liquid
gases.
Coal refers to technologies using coal as the original source of
energy.
Other thermal largely comprises plants where the exact fuel is
© 2018 Cross-border Information. unknown as well as industrial cogeneration, methane, peat and
All rights reserved.
coal bed methane. These are occasionally displayed separately.
Published August 2018
Data and information published in the African Energy Atlas is
Nuclear refers to technologies utilising the energy contained
provided to Cross-border Information (CbI) by its staff and network within the atomic structure of matter, including both fission
of correspondents through extensive surveys of sources and and fusion.
published with the intention of being accurate. CbI cannot insure
against or be held responsible for inaccuracies and assumes no Hybrid means plants which use two or more very different
liability for any loss whatsoever arising from use of such data. resources, such as solar and diesel.
No portion of this publication may be photocopied, reproduced,
retransmitted, put into a computer system or otherwise
Hydroelectric includes any technology based on the movement
redistributed without prior authorisation from Cross-border or weight of water from a river or reservoir, including pumped
Information. storage.
Registered office: 4 Bank Buildings, Station Road, Hastings, East Solar refers to any technology producing electricity using
Sussex TN34 1NG, UK.
energy from the sun.
Directors: JJ Marks, JM Ford, JD Hamilton, NJ Carn, E Gillespie
Wind refers to any technology producing electricity using
energy from the wind.
Cover illustration Geothermal includes any plant using underground temperature
Power generation data including installed capacity, fuel differentials to produce power.
mix breakdown figures and PPAs signed are for end 2017
Wave/tidal is any technology using the ocean as its source of
and taken from African Energy Live Data – a platform
providing project level detail on more than 5,000 generation energy.
projects and a full suite of tools to analyse electricity sector Biomass means technology using organic matter as a feedstock,
statistics and demographics alongside the project pipeline. including biogas technologies.
Electricity access data for 2016 is sourced from the
SEforALL/World Bank database.
Data for oil and gas reserves is for 2017 and taken from the The Atlas is necessarily constrained in the number of projects
BP Statistical Review of World Energy, June 2018. that can be displayed. For a full list of power generation plants
and projects, please visit African Energy Live Data.
Population data is sourced from the IMF.
www.africa-energy.com/database
2 AFRICAN ENERGY ATLAS • 2018/2019 EDITION

Contents
FOCUS
Introduction 4 Malawi, Madagascar, Indian Ocean islands 51
African Energy Live Data 6 South Africa, Swaziland, Lesotho 52
Roads, railways, ports, airports 10
Climate, population, income, fossil fuels, UPSTREAM OIL AND GAS
power generation 11 National oil and gas companies and state regulators 55
Finance 12 Opec, GECF, EITI 55
Political risk ratings 13
North Africa 56
Regional groupings 14
Morocco 57
Economic Africa 15
Algeria 58
Economic indicators by country 16
Tunisia 60
Key energy trends 18
Libya 61
POWER Egypt 62
National electricity companies 19
Sub-Saharan Africa 65
Power pools 19
Mauritania, Senegal, The Gambia 67
Trends 20
Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone, Liberia 68
North Africa 22 Mali, Niger, Chad, Burkina Faso, Central African Rep. 69
Morocco, Mauritania 23
Côte d’Ivoire 70
Algeria 24
Ghana, Togo, Benin 71
Tunisia 25
Cameroon 72
Libya 26
Nigeria 73
Egypt 27
Niger Delta 74
The Mediterranean Basin 28
Equatorial Guinea, São Tomé and Príncipe 76
Sub-Saharan Africa 30
Gabon 77
Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde 31
Republic of Congo 78
Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia 32
Democratic Republic of Congo 79
Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso 33
Sudan, South Sudan 80
Côte d’Ivoire 34
Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti 81
Ghana, Togo, Benin 35
Somalia 82
Nigeria 36
Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad 37 Angola 83
Rep. of Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, STP 38 Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi 85
Democratic Republic of Congo 39 Kenya 86
Sudan, South Sudan 40 Tanzania 87
Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia 41 Zambia, Malawi, Botswana 88
Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi 42 Mozambique, Ruvuma Basin 89
Kenya 43 Namibia 90
Angola 44 South Africa 91
Tanzania 45 Madagascar, Indian Ocean 92
Namibia 46
Botswana 47 DOWNSTREAM 94
Zambia 48 World oil and gas production 95
Zimbabwe 49 Oil refineries, CTL and GTL plants 96
Mozambique 50 Gas development and commerce 98
AFRICAN ENERGY ATLAS • 2018/2019 EDITION 3

Introduction
Charting a continent whose transition

promises more dynamic economies in the
face of social stress
Peaceful political transitions, an upturn in commodity prices and a broader range of investors all point to the
emergence of a more dynamic, mature continental economy. Now in its second decade, the African Energy
Atlas seeks to chart these momentous trends as accurately as possible, despite continuing data weaknesses
that feed into economic and policy shortfalls across the continent
A
frica’s continent-wide political transition from post- difficult to achieve, but such ambitions reflect a continent that is
colonial state to more democratic, efficient and equitable rethinking its global relationships.There are even signs that long-
political systems has taken a rocky road that led from stalled regional electricity interconnections are making progress.
European domination through lost decades of ‘big man’ On the political front there are reasons to be cheerful. South
dictatorship. While governance remains spotty in too many Africa has once again shown its resilience by ridding itself of
polities, governments are striving, with mixed success, to Jacob Zuma’s disreputable presidency, to be replaced by investor-
overcome chronic natural resource dependencies that were friendly Cyril Ramaphosa. President Emmerson Mnangagwa’s
highlighted in the long commodities down-cycle to emerge as profile is not what many believed was best for a post-Robert
more diversified, innovative and inclusive economies. These Mugabe Zimbabwe, but his skilful putsch has engineered
trends go hand in hand with the transformation of dysfunctional prospects for an eventual recovery.There were fears that Kenya’s
institutions and infrastructure to provide the electricity, clean 2017 general election would end in another bout of politically-
water and good governance required by all of the population motivated communal bloodletting, but a subsequent handshake
in modern economies, rather than being a luxury reserved for between President Uhuru Kenyatta and his bitter rival Raila
favoured elites. Odinga has opened the way for a much-improved environment
These transitions are happening during a period of shifting – even if, as in too many other countries, Kenyan levels of
geopolitics, marked by China’s inexorable rise and the west’s governance still leave much to be desired.
steady withdrawal from its dominant role. While these trends Chronic instability is threatened where governance standards and
have accelerated since the 2008/09 global financial crisis, change political behaviours remain poor – as in Democratic Republic
is also driven by the profound shift from rural to urban living, of Congo and other parts of Central Africa. A worrying number
the pressures of climate change – whose impact is clearly visible of social and economic indicators give cause for concern,
in politically and economically stressed regions like the Sahel – reflecting poverty, the alienation of marginalised groups and the
and soaring demographics, as a bulge in African birth rates and impacts of climate change.Widespread security concerns are one
demand for jobs runs opposite to the ‘greying’ of populations result, including Jihadist activity which threatens weak and
in regions like Europe. A younger, better educated workforce potentially failed states across the Sahara-Sahel region, but has
can be the driver of growth and equitable prosperity in Africa, also emerged in gas-rich regions of Mozambique.
as well as providing workers to countries that are currently
closing to immigration but will need new blood as the realities Universal access remains elusive
of their demographics hit home. Efforts to provide universal energy access have made
Governance shortfalls and lack of capacity all too often hold up considerable progress, and are moving faster helped by global
progress, but a more dynamic economy can be seen to be programmes such as Sustainable Energy for All (SEforALL) and
emerging in everything from Kenya’s M-Pesa boom – flagship bilateral initiatives such as the United States’ Power Africa and
of the mobile telecommunications revolution across Africa – to the German Marshall Plan for Africa.These have helped to give
technology incubators in Lagos, Casablanca and Johannesburg, electricity access to more than 100m more people in the past
or Chinese manufacturers ‘delocalising’ to factories in Ethiopia. decade, but progress is counteracted by additions to the
It is easy to be sceptical about the grandiose ambitions of the population, which is growing faster still: an African population
African Continental Free Trade Agreement unveiled in March that was 787m in 2000 has risen to 1.2bn and some forecasts
2018 – which aspires to establish a single market for goods and expect this number to nearly double by 2050.
services, with free movement of investment and business people If sub-Saharan countries like Ghana have made impressive
– just as past experience gives rise to caution when leaders strides in increasing access, many others have not. (North Africa
announce the take-off of state-led heavy industries or the long- has achieved a better performance in linking their populations
awaited realisation of cross-border electricity grids. to grids.) From electricity to downstream oil, all too many
Continent-wide customs unions and the like will be very projects remain on the drawing board for decades. That many

Section
TUNISIA 5,748 TUNISIA 100

MOROCCO MOROCCO
(incl. W Sahara) 100
8,338 ALGERIA ALGERIA
19,463 LIBYA 99 LIBYA
11,169 EGYPT 99 EGYPT
46,283 100
CAPE CAPE
VERDE VERDE
233 MAURITANIA 93 MAURITANIA
599 MALI 42 MALI
NIGER SUDAN NIGER SUDAN
SENEGAL 744 SENEGAL 35
365 CHAD 4,075 ERITREA 223 16 CHAD 39 ERITREA 47
1,249 65
THE GAMBIA BURKINA 315 THE GAMBIA BURKINA 9
FASO 498 DJIBOUTI 168 FASO 19 DJIBOUTI 52
101 GUINEA 48 GUINEA
GUINEA- 651 CïTE NIGERIA GUINEA- 34 CïTE NIGERIA
BISSAU GHANA 15,244 SOUTH ETHIOPIA BISSAU GHANA 59 SOUTH ETHIOPIA
DÕIVOIRE C.A.R. 4,463 DÕIVOIRE C.A.R. 43
52 4,927 SUDAN 15 79 SUDAN
2,269 CAMEROON 31 33 64 CAMEROON 14 9
SIERRA LEONE SOMALIA SIERRA LEONE 20 SOMALIA
1,477 16 60 30
167 TOGO 235 UGANDA LIBERIA 20 TOGO 47 UGANDA
LIBERIA 154 BENIN 316 981 KENYA SEYCHELLES BENIN 41 27 KENYA SEYCHELLES
GABON GABON
701 2,431 109 91 56 100
SÌO TOM & DEM. REP. SÌO TOM & DEM. REP.
PRêNCIPE 39 REP. OF OF CONGO RWANDA 194 PRêNCIPE 65 REP. OF OF CONGO RWANDA 29
EQUAT. GUINEA 350
CONGO 2,713 BURUNDI 80 EQUAT. GUINEA 68 CONGO 17 BURUNDI 8
675 TANZANIA 57 TANZANIA
1,592 33
COMOROS 43 PERCENTAGE OF COMOROS 78
MALAWI MALAWI
INSTALLED GENERATION ANGOLA
4,493 ZAMBIA 453 Mayotte (Fr.) POPULATION WITH ACCESS ANGOLA
41 ZAMBIA 11 Mayotte (Fr.)
CAPACITY, 2017 3,024
MAURITIUS TO ELECTRICITY, 2016 27
MAURITIUS
MOZAMBIQUE MOZAMBIQUE
818 99
20,000MW + ZIMBABWE 2,875 91 Ð 100% ZIMBABWE 24
NAMIBIA 2,281 MADAGASCAR NAMIBIA 38 MADAGASCAR
5,000MW Ð 19,999MW 579 873 61 Ð 90% 52 23
BOTSWANA Runion BOTSWANA Runion
760 (Fr.) 61 (Fr.)
1,500MW Ð 4,999MW 31 Ð 60%
500MW Ð 1,499MW SWAZILAND 103 16 Ð 30% SWAZILAND 66
SOUTH SOUTH
100MW Ð 499MW AFRICA LESOTHO 77 0 Ð 15% AFRICA LESOTHO 30
56,239 84
Less than 100MW No data
Source: African Energy Live Data Source: SEforALL, IMF Global Tracking Framework database
© African Energy 2018 (www.africa-energy.com) © African Energy 2018 (www.africa-energy.com)
maps resemble their predecessors in a regularly updated African cartographic materials built up by the African Energy newsletter.
Energy Atlas says much for the slow pace of developments. Since then, the Atlas has grown into a significant reference work
Namibia’s relaunched Kudu gas-to-power project featured in for stakeholders involved in African Energy’s key areas of interest:
the first issue of African Energy, in April 1998, which was power, upstream oil and gas, downstream hydrocarbons and
reporting on a project that dated back to 1974. Other familiar wider African finance and policy issues. Its content is now
projects included in the earliest issues included the West African complemented by African Energy Live Data, a database
Gas Pipeline (still to function to its full capacity), and efforts to launched in late 2017 that has detailed entries on more than
monetise Mozambique’s gas and build its Mphanda Nkuwa 5,000 power generation plants and projects and a full suite of
dam. Independent power projects and innovative financings tools to analyse electricity sector vital statistics and
seemed likely to burgeon in Africa as they had in Asia and Latin demographics alongside the project pipeline.
America but failed to fulfil that promise. Stop-start decision-
making and implementation have meant essential policies such Many of the maps in Atlas 2018/2019 are informed by Live
as the restructuring of the South African power industry have Data, which along with a wide variety of other sources have
been persistently stalled with very damaging consequences. been crafted into maps drawn as always by cartographer David
Burles, working closely with African Energy editor Thalia
Natural resources remain critical to a majority of economies’ Griffiths. The Atlas also includes articles from African Energy
fortunes, either as exporters or importers. The Organisation of newsletter power editor Dan Marks, associate editor John
the Petroleum Exporting Countries’ revival, in alliance with Hamilton and editorial director Jon Marks.
Russia, has reversed the slumping trend in oil prices, while other
upticks in the commodities downcycle will help mining While Live Data and the African Energy team’s body of
dependent economies such as Zambia.While fossil fuels, including knowledge become ever greater, we repeat our usual caveat: that
coal and especially natural gas, have a future in the African energy the Atlas’s compilers and African Energy staff make no claim to
mix, renewables are taking the lead role.This is especially true in omniscience. Considerably more open source material is
building new industries off-grid, where innovative technologies available to inform our maps and graphics than when African
and business models can supply isolated regions that have too Energy and the Atlas were first published, but huge gaps remain
often been ignored by governments at the centre. to even the most fundamental data sets; this has been one of
many factors holding back the continent’s wider economic
A decade of growth development. We very much welcome feedback, positive and
Ambitious would be the atlas that seeks to chart, let alone claim negative, and data suggestions to enrich forthcoming editions.
mastery of, all of the above extraordinary trends. The African Publishing director Nick Carn (nick@africa-energy.com) is an
Energy Atlas was created in 2007 to hold the growing store of initial point of contact for such notes and queries.

African Energy Live Data – 2017 scorecard
Installed capacity Increase in Installed Proportion of Proportion of Increase in Proportion of

kept up with installed capacity capacity kept renewables new renewables* new renewables liquid fuels**
population growth rate up with GDP increased increased growth rate decreased
AFRICA YES YES YES YES YES NO YES

(7.9% / 2.5%) (7.9% / 6.7%) (7.9% / 3.0%) (20.9% / 20.8%) (4.7% / 4.2%) (20% / 28%) (10.1% / 10.3%)
North Africa YES YES YES NO YES NO YES

(9.6% / 2.1%) (9.6% / 6.0%) (9.6% / 3.5%) (8.8% / 9.1%) (3.5% / 3.2%) (17% / 30%) (6.0% / 6.6%)
West Africa YES NO YES YES YES YES NO

(4.9% / 2.7%) (4.9% / 7.5%) (4.9% / 2.5%) (21.1% / 20.6%) (1.9% / 1.5%) (34% / 27%) (16.7% / 16.2%)
Central Africa NO YES YES YES YES YES YES

(2.3% / 2.8%) (2.3% / 0.3%) (2.3% / 0.6%) (65.3% / 64.8%) (0.4% / 0.1%) (279% / 18%) (11.7% / 11.9%)
East Africa YES NO NO YES YES NO NO

(4.5% / 2.5%) (4.5% / 15.1%) (4.5% / 5.4%) (61.7% / 61.5%) (10.6% / 10.4%) (7% / 12%) (27.0% / 26.9%)
Southern Africa YES YES YES YES YES NO NO

(8.3% / 2.4%) (8.3% / 6.2%) (8.3% / 1.5%) (23.2% / 22.3%) (6.3% / 5.4%) (27% / 34%) (8.8% / 8.6%)
*new renewables excludes hydropower Sources: population and GDP from the International Monetary Fund (2018); African Energy Live Data
**only plants running exclusively on liquid fuels are included in this figure © African Energy 2018 (www.africa-energy.com)
The Africa scorecard uses data from African Energy Live Data to provide a snapshot of the state of the electricity sector during the previous
calendar year. It illustrates whether electricity generation is expanding at the same rate as population and GDP growth, whether renewable
energy use is increasing and if the rate of increase is being sustained, and whether reliance on costly fuel oils is being reduced.
Live Data highlights 38% and 31% respectively. Solar is expected to make up at least
10%, with coal accounting for 6% and wind 4%.
l Net 15.5GW installed capacity added in Africa in 2017. l North Africa relies heavily on natural gas, with 69% of
l 27.9GW scheduled to come online in 2018 but only 9GW scheduled additions using the technology. Dual-fuel thermal
was commissioned by July. plants comprise a further 8%, followed by wind (7%), solar
l A net 66GW is scheduled to be added in 2018-2020. North
(6.5%), and coal (4%).
Africa will account for almost half, with 31GW.West Africa will l The starting point for additions is an energy mix heavily
add 13GW, and East and Southern Africa around 10GW each. reliant on fossil fuels, which accounted for 77% of African
Central Africa currently has only 1GW planned. capacity in 2017.The sub-Saharan picture was slightly different,
l Natural gas is the big story, accounting for 45% of scheduled
with hydropower accounting for 40% and fossil fuels 55%.
capacity additions from 2018-2020. However, gas development l This suggests that with a parallel investment in transmission,
is heavily concentrated in North Africa. Solar and wind will there should be little concern about adding intermittent
make some inroads but there is large scope for improvement, renewable power other than its effect on state utilities, as fossil
with the technologies accounting for 9% and 7% respectively fuels have tended to be state-owned while renewables are
of scheduled additions. generally being developed privately. Although the scorecard
l In sub-Saharan Africa, including South Africa, scheduled

shows that trends in the addition of new renewable technologies
remain broadly positive, there is space for a step change in
capacity additions are mainly from hydropower (32%) and additions in the mix.
l Scheduled capacity additions show that Africa is only very
natural gas (26%), along with coal (13%) and solar (12%). Wind
accounts for 7% of scheduled new capacity while geothermal
slowly being weaned off its over-reliance on hydropower and
and biomass combined will only account for 4%.
l Excluding South Africa, hydropower and natural gas account
imported fossil fuels.With domestic gas resources geographically
limited, solar power in particular should be prioritised in the
for a higher proportion of additions in sub-Saharan Africa at short to medium term.
INDEX OF POPULATION, GDP AND INSTALLED CAPACITY INDEX OF INSTALLED CAPACITY IN AFRICA BY TYPE
IN AFRICA, 2010Ð23 (2010=100) OF POWER PLANT, 2010Ð23 (2010=100)
220 1,200
Population Non-renewable
(thermal including natural gas, liquid fuels,
200 GDP coal and cogeneration, plus nuclear)
1,000
Installed capacity Renewable/ non-renewable hybrid
180 Renewable
800 (hydroelectric, solar, wind, geothermal,
ocean (wave/tidal), biomass and
160 renewable hybrid)
600
New renewable
140 (all renewable technologies
except hydroelectric)
400
120
200
100
80 0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Sources: IMF (2018); African Energy Live Data © African Energy 2018 (www.africa-energy.com) Source: African Energy Live Data © African Energy 2018 (www.africa-energy.com)

Private sector
l Power purchase agreements l In sub-Saharan Africa excluding South Africa, independent

(PPAs) have become more power producers (IPPs) and public-private partnerships (PPPs)
common since 2010 but are set to account for 35% of installed capacity by 2020, due in
progress has not been large part to Nigeria’s privatisation programme.
consistent, with notable lulls l If Nigeria is also excluded, then state-owned plants are
in 2014 and 2017. expected to account for 67% of capacity in 2020, down from
l Patchy progress signing 81% in 2010.
PPAs has been a headache l Private ownership – IPPs, PPPs, and build, own, operate,
for well-capitalised late-stage transfer (BOOT) projects – is expected to increase only very
developers, who are having slowly as a proportion of total capacity, at an average of 0.5% of
to hunt hard for deals. the total each year between 2010 and 2020. The average was
l 19% of projects signing 0.4%/yr over the period 2010-2017.
PPAs in 2013 and 41% of l Excluding South Africa and Nigeria,West and Southern Africa
those signing in 2014 have saw the biggest fall in state ownership between 2010 and 2017 at
still not begun construction, and the situation self-reinforces as -12% and -10% of total capacity respectively. State ownership fell
long lead times to financial close frequently result in PPAs by only 2% of total capacity in East and Central Africa.
l This is expected to accelerate to 2020, with state-owned
becoming outdated and renegotiated.
l The situation is also regionally patchy, with not a single PPA capacity potentially accounting for 24% less of total capacity in
recorded in Central Africa since 2010, and locally concentrated, West Africa in 2020 than in 2010, 17% less in Southern Africa,
with most PPAs in South Africa, Egypt, Nigeria, and Kenya. and 9% and 3% in East and Central Africa respectively.
l Although there is expected to be some diversification of l Rental capacity has remained more or less constant through
ownership, the current project pipeline suggests 77% of capacity the decade, at between 0.3% and 0.7% of the total, averaging
will remain state-owned in 2020, down from 82% in 2010. 0.5%.
NUMBER OF PPAs SIGNED EACH YEAR BY REGION, CURRENT STATUS OF PROJECTS WHICH HAVE SIGNED PPAs
2010Ð17 SINCE 2010
70 70
5 9 39 42 27 63 51 36
Yet to begin construction H1 2018
TOTAL 1
60 11 60 Construction in H1 2018 20
North Africa Operating in H1 2018
50 West Africa 34 6 50 32
East Africa 1 30
40 1 5 40 8 7
Southern 3 4
Africa 13 15 1 23
4 34 4 34
30 31 30
30
8 11
23
20 7 20
12 10
17 16
9 8 10
10 2
10 2
1 9
3 4 7 6 6 1 7
1 3 4 3
0 0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Source: African Energy Live Data © African Energy 2018 (www.africa-energy.com) Source: African Energy Live Data © African Energy 2018 (www.africa-energy.com)
AVERAGE CAPACITY OF THE BREAKDOWN OF NEW CAPACITY ADDITIONS BY

PROJECTS (MW) OWNERSHIP TYPE, 2010Ð23
North Africa 100
West Africa 50 300 1,200 70 134

%
East Africa
80
Southern Africa
60
90 35 158 227 159 129 128 138 Rental
BOOT
40 IPP
8 38 14 48 39 20 65 168
PPP
State-
20 owned
4 260 64 120 153 34 126 138
0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

African Energy Live Data – renewable energy
RENEWABLE ENERGY INSTALLED CAPACITY, 2010Ð20 l Hydropower will remain an indispensable part of the mix.
70,000 Hybrid (includes renewable/non-renewable hybrid) More than 8GW was added between 2010 and 2017 and this
MW Biomass could grow by in excess of 4GW by the end of the decade,
60,000 Wave/tidal
depending on the progress of some of the larger schemes.
l The revolution in solar and wind technology which has
Geothermal
50,000
Wind
40,000 Solar allowed them to compete on price with other technologies is

Hydroelectric starting to cause major changes in the African power sector.
l From a negligible presence in Africa in 2010, solar projects
30,000
20,000 in particular have become ubiquitous, although the standard

10,000
problems of policy inconsistency and governance have in many
resulted in the long lead times seen elsewhere. Construction
0 delays remain minimal.
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
l In the solar sector, larger projects dominate in terms of

Source: African Energy Live Data © African Energy 2018 (www.africa-energy.com)
SOLAR INSTALLED CAPACITY BY SIZE, 2010Ð17 capacity, but an important market in small projects is emerging,
4,000 typically serving commercial and industrial users but
20MW+ increasingly also private and state-run mini-grids.
l Wind technology has made important strides in larger
MW
10-20MW
3,000 5-10MW
2-5MW markets but limited resources and limited resource mapping
0-2MW mean that progress remains locally concentrated.
l Progress in geothermal and biomass technology remains
2,000
disappointing, with limited progress made attracting investment

1,000
in geothermal exploration and challenges dealing with local
government and complex supply chains hampering biomass
projects.
0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
NUMBER OF SOLAR PROJECTS ADDED BY SIZE, 2010Ð17 WIND CAPACITY BY REGION, 2010Ð20
25 5,000
20MW+ MW North Africa
10-20MW West Africa
20 4,000
5-10MW Central Africa
2-5MW East Africa
15 0-2MW 3,000 Southern Africa
10 2,000
5 1,000
0 0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
SOLAR CAPACITY BY REGION, 2010Ð20 BIOMASS CAPACITY BY REGION, 2010Ð20

4,000 700
North Africa MW North Africa
MW 600
West Africa West Africa
3,000 Central Africa Central Africa
500
East Africa East Africa
Southern Africa 400 Southern Africa
2,000
300
200
1,000
100
0 0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Section
INSTALLED GENERATION CAPACITY BY COUNTRY AND FUEL, end 2017

G L 2 C t N X H S W ¤
MW Natural Liquid Gas & Coal Other Nuclear Hybrid Hydro- Solar Wind Geothermal Wave/ Biomass TOTAL
gas fuels liquid fuels thermal electric tidal
Algeria 17,658 281 541 Ð 350 18 Ð 216 389 10 Ð Ð Ð 19,463
Angola 500 1,723 95 Ð Ð Ð Ð 2,053 2 Ð Ð Ð 120 4,493
Benin 20 95 200 Ð Ð Ð Ð * Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 316
Botswana Ð 70 90 600 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 760
Burkina Faso Ð 358 Ð Ð 72 Ð * 32 35 Ð Ð Ð * 498
Burundi Ð 36 Ð Ð 8 Ð Ð 33 * Ð Ð Ð 4 80
Cameroon 319 375 Ð Ð 51 Ð Ð 732 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 1,477
Cape Verde Ð 197 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 8 29 Ð Ð Ð 233
Central African Republic Ð 5 Ð Ð 6 Ð Ð 20 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 31
Chad 120 191 Ð Ð 3 Ð Ð Ð * 1 Ð Ð Ð 315
Comoros Ð 42 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð * Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 43
Congo, Dem. Rep. 2 13 Ð Ð 33 Ð 4 2,642 20 Ð Ð Ð Ð 2,713
Congo, Rep. (Brazzaville) 344 49 Ð Ð 42 Ð Ð 235 Ð Ð Ð Ð 6 675
Cte dÕIvoire 627 72 643 Ð Ð Ð Ð 879 Ð Ð Ð Ð 47 2,269
Djibouti Ð 168 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 168
Egypt 9,539 2,312 30,092 Ð Ð Ð 170 2,838 2 1,330 Ð Ð Ð 46,284
Equatorial Guinea 164 Ð 24 Ð 29 Ð 5 128 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 350
Eritrea Ð 206 Ð Ð Ð Ð * Ð 10 7 Ð Ð Ð 223
Ethiopia Ð 122 Ð Ð 60 Ð Ð 3,826 Ð 324 9 Ð 123 4,463
Gabon 236 67 70 Ð Ð Ð Ð 329 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 701
Gambia Ð 91 Ð Ð 9 Ð * Ð Ð * Ð Ð Ð 101
Ghana 550 825 1,900 Ð 42 Ð Ð 1,580 23 Ð Ð 0.4 6 4,927
Guinea Ð 282 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 368 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 651
Guinea-Bissau Ð 51 Ð Ð Ð Ð * Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 52
Kenya Ð 772 Ð 15 64 Ð 2 838 16 26 651 Ð 47 2,431
Lesotho Ð 4 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 73 * Ð Ð Ð Ð 77
Liberia Ð 60 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 93 * Ð Ð Ð * 154
Libya 3,376 1,355 1,816 Ð Ð 10 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 11,169
Madagascar Ð 491 Ð Ð 184 Ð Ð 140 * Ð Ð Ð * 814
Malawi Ð 83 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 352 Ð Ð Ð Ð 19 453
Mali Ð 422 36 Ð Ð Ð 4 318 * Ð Ð Ð Ð 744
Mauritania Ð 461 Ð Ð 28 Ð * Ð 76 34 Ð Ð Ð 599
Mauritius Ð 353 Ð 59 78 Ð 198 61 21 13 Ð Ð 36 818
Morocco 1,480 1,261 Ð 2,525 150 2 Ð 1,757 186 977 Ð Ð Ð 8,338
Mozambique 348 243 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 2,244 1 * Ð Ð 38 2,875
Namibia Ð 45 Ð 120 Ð Ð * 347 62 5 Ð Ð * 579
Niger Ð 265 Ð 50 Ð Ð Ð Ð 50 Ð Ð Ð Ð 365
Nigeria 10,990 358 Ð Ð 96 Ð Ð 1,957 Ð Ð Ð Ð 27 15,244
Rwanda Ð 54 Ð Ð 45 Ð Ð 87 9 Ð Ð Ð Ð 194
So Tom & Prncipe Ð 36 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 3 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 39
Senegal 24 991 Ð 50 Ð Ð Ð Ð 102 Ð Ð Ð 47 1,250
Seychelles Ð 103 Ð Ð Ð Ð * Ð * 6 Ð Ð Ð 109
Sierra Leone Ð 77 Ð Ð 1 Ð Ð 56 Ð Ð Ð Ð 32 167
Somalia Ð 10 Ð Ð Ð Ð 6 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 16
South Africa 405 3,629 Ð 42,260 48 1,800 438 3,604 1,827 2,118 Ð Ð 112 56,239
South Sudan Ð 33 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 33
Sudan Ð 1,499 341 Ð 146 Ð Ð 1,913 Ð Ð Ð Ð 176 4,075
Swaziland Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 62 1 Ð Ð Ð 40 103
Tanzania 516 311 120 Ð Ð Ð Ð 575 7 Ð Ð Ð 63 1,592
Togo Ð 48 120 Ð Ð Ð Ð 67 Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð 235
Tunisia 4,360 240 819 Ð Ð Ð 27 55 * 246 Ð Ð 1 5,748
Uganda Ð 125 Ð Ð Ð Ð 13 735 20 Ð Ð Ð 88 981
Zambia 20 218 Ð 330 Ð Ð Ð 2,414 * Ð Ð Ð 42 3,024
Zimbabwe Ð 200 Ð 1,210 Ð Ð Ð 781 * Ð Ð Ð 90 2,281
Total 51,598 21,376 43,335 47,218 1,545 1,830 868 34,442 2,868 5,126 660 0.4 1,163 212,029
*less than 1MW Source: African Energy Live Data © African Energy 2018 (www.africa-energy.com)
Data you can trust

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African connections: Roads, railways, ports, airports
SINGLE AFRICAN AIR TRANSPORT MARKET ALGERIAÕS EAST-WEST HIGHWAY (A1) EGYPTÕS NEW CAPITAL CITY
SAATM is a flagship project of the AUÕs Agenda 2063 and aims to create a A six-lane 1,200km road running from the A 700 km 2 development 45km east of Cairo with an international
single unified air transport market in Africa, liberalise civil aviation and act as Moroccan border to the Tunisian border built airport is planned to accommodate 5m and become EgyptÕs new
an impetus to the continentÕs economic integration agenda. Officially launched by Chinese (west and central sections) and administrative capital; developed by the government and the military.
in January 2018 with 23 countries as starting participants. Japanese (east) consortia.
NEW EGYPTIAN AIRPORTS
AFRICAN HIGH-SPEED RAIL The construction of five new airports was announced in 2017: Sphinx
The African Union signed an agreement Bizerte International Airport in Giza, New Capital Airport, Bredwell Airport in Sinai,
with China in October 2016 for a five-year Punta ALGIERS Bejaa Annaba Cap Bon South Red Sea Airport and Ras Sidr Airport. Japan is funding a new
action plan for an integrated high-speed Almina Oran TUNIS
Tangier Constantine passenger terminal at AlexandriaÕs Borg El Arab International Airport.
railway network. TUNISIA
Knitra s Sfax
MOROCCO RABAT Oujda i n Biskra Jerba
KHARTOUM NEW INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
Casablanca Fs t a Tozeur
TRIPOLI KNIA is planned to replace the existing airport, with
HIGH-SPEED RAIL Jorf Lasfar M O RO CCO n Ghardaa Tobruk
o u Benghazi Damietta
a capacity of approximately 7.5m passengers/yr.
The first tranche of AfricaÕs Marrakech
a s M Alexandria
Port Said
first high-speed line will link
Agadir t l CAIRO Suez ADDIS ABABA AIRPORTS
Tangier with Knitra in one A Giza Sinai Bole International Airport is being expanded
and a half hours from late
2018, and is planned
ALGERIA Minya
Sharm to triple its capacity. A new airport is planned
el-Sheikh
L
In Amnas Sabha with four runways and a passenger capacity
LIBYA
ib
to continue to Rabat El Ayoun Hurghada up to 80m passengers/yr.
and Casablanca. Western Reggane Safaga
ya
Sahara Ghat E G Y P T Luxor Marsa ETHIOPIA-DJIBOUTI RAILWAY
S a h a r a
n
(under UN
mandate) Aswan Alam AfricaÕs second electric railway began
D e
Al- operations in 2016, linking Addis Ababa with
TROPIC OF CANCER Tamanrasset Kufra Abu
Zourat Simbel L.Nasser DjiboutiÕs new Doraleh Multipurpose Port.
ser
Bordj
Nouadhibou Mokhtar Wadi Halfa
Atar Tnr Port
DJIBOUTI
Sudan
t
NOUAKCHOTT Arlit e Chinese-funded projects include
MA U R ITAN IA MALI three ports, two airports and a
l
Ni
CAPE
VERDE Timbuktu Agadez Atbara water pipeline from Ethiopia, as
Nma Gao ERITREA well as a Chinese military base.
St-Louis NIGER CHAD KHARTOUM
Kassala Massawa
Nig
Wad
DAKAR SENEGAL Kayes Medani ASMARA
NIAMEY El SUDAN
er
PRAIA BURKINA Zinder Abch Fasher Mekele

BANJUL THE GAMBIA BAMAKO FASO Sokoto L. Chad Kosti Gedaref Gonder Assab
Koundra Bobo Nyala L.Tana DJIBOUTI
Blu
BISSAU Dioulasso OUAGADOUGOU Kano NÕDJAMENA Dese DJIBOUTI Bosaso
GUINEA NIGERIA
e
GUINEA-BISSAU Parakou Maiduguri C ile VILLE Cape Hafun
N
Kankan Kaduna
CONAKRY GHANA Berbera
ha
CïTE BENIN e Malakal

L.Volta nu ADDIS
ri
Dire Hargeisa
FREETOWN Nzrkor DÕIVOIRE TOGO IbadanABUJA Be Sarh
ABABA
W hi
Dawa Garowe
SIERRA LEONE YAMOUSSOUKRO Wau
CAMEROON CENTRAL o ETHIOPIA
te
Lagos Enugu SOUTH SUDAN Om
A
MONROVIA LIBERIA Kumasi AFRICAN REPUBLIC
LI
PORTO- Port Harcourt
Nile
JUBA
A
NOVO
LOma A
Abidjan
Te C di-
Douala BANGUI Lokichokio
M
Moyale
ACkon adi
Ul
Se ko
MALABO
O
Ta
Juba
Buta

Gulu L.Turkana
EQUAT. YAOUND Isiro
R
Bumba
ng V I L G O
r
TRANS-SAHARAN TRADE ROUTES GUINEA Ousso L. Albert UGANDA EAST AFRICAN

SÌO TOM & PRêNCIPE MOGADISHU
Co AZZA CO N
LE)
Ancient trade routes that crossed the Sahara Kisangani Bunia KAMPALA INFRASTRUCTURE
SÌO TOM LIBREVILLE Mbandaka KEN YA
Projects include the East
Desert have been adapted for formal and informal
EQUATOR L.Edward
(BR . OF
trade, including a variety of smuggling networks. Port-Gentil GABON Ikela African Railways Master Plan
RWANDA KIGALI Lake NAIROBI Kismayo
o
Annobn Franceville DEMOCRATIC L. Kivu and Lamu Port-South Sudan-

P
DAKARÕS NEW AIRPORT (Eq. Guinea) Kindu Victoria Lamu

RE
Ethiopia Transport (LAPSSET)

Blaise Diagne International Airport opened in December 2017. BRAZZAVILLE REPUBLIC Bukavu Mwanza
Corridor.
Pointe-Noire
Kas
a Ilebo BUJUMBURA BURUNDI Arusha Mombasa
Costing $575m, it has a capacity of 10m passengers/yr. Kigoma Pemba I. VICTORIA
Cabinda (Ang.) KINSHASAOF CONGO L.Tanganyika Tanga Zanzibar I. SEYCHELLES
TRANSGUINEAN RAILWAYS Matadi Mbuji- Bagamoyo
Kananga Mayi Kalemie DODOMA
Proposed rail links taking minerals to a planned deep-water port SE of Conakry. TANZANIA Dar es Salaam BAGAMOYO
LUANDA L. Mweru Mbeya A planned new megaport Mafia I.
Malanje Saurimo
NIGERIA RAIL Kamina Mbala and economic zone north
Rail upgrades are planned, and a future Lagos-Port Harcourt-Calabar high-speed Kasama Mtwara of Dar es Salaam.
Songea
line has attracted interest from China and the US. A N G O L A Luau Lubumbashi Copper- MORONI
Lobito Kuito belt MALAWI Lake Malawi
LEKKI DEEP SEA PORT Luena Solwezi COMOROS
Benguela
Huambo Ndola LILONGWE(L.Nyasa) Pemba Mayotte
Construction has begun on developing new container and berth facilities in Lagos ZAMBI A
Lubango Menongue Nacala (Fr.)
Free Trade Zone by Singapore-based Tolaram GroupÕs Lekki Port LFTZ Enterprise. LUSAKA
Kuvango Mongu Z am be zi Nampula
Namibe Blantyre
Tete Mahajanga
BENGUELA RAILWAY Caprivi
Linking the port of Lobito with the DRC, it provided an export route for Zambian and Strip Livingstone HARARE UE MADAGASCAR Q
Congolese copper during the mid-20th century. Heavily damaged during the Angolan Toamasina
I
ZIMBABWE
MB
civil war (1975-2002), the route has been rehabilitated with Chinese help.
Tsumeb ANTANANARIVO
Maun Beira Antsirabe MAURITIUS
Bulawayo
MOZA
PORT-LOUIS
WALVIS BAY CORRIDORS NAMIBIA Francistown
A network of transport corridors linking NamibiaÕs largest port with: BOTSWANA popo Fianarantsoa Mananjary Runion
Walvis Bay m Musina (Fr.)
1. SOUTH AFRICA: TRANS-ORANJE, to Pretoria/Johannesburg via Upington, with WINDHOEK Toliara
Li
a link to Lderitz; TRANS-KALAHARI, to Pretoria/Johannesburg via Botswana. A GABORONE Inhambane TROPIC OF CAPRICORN
railway line to export Botswanan coal is proposed, to run alongside the highway. PRETORIA
¬
Tolanaro
2. ZAMBIA: TRANS-CAPRIVI, a strong competitor to the Tazara railway for Johannesburg Ermelo MAPUTO
Zambian and DRC copper exports. 3. ANGOLA: TRANS-CUNENE. Lderitz SWAZILAND
Uping Vryburg MB
ton al A B AN E
Kimberley Va
Algiers g e MASERU Richards Bay
O r a n Pietermaritzburg
GREAT EQUATORIAL Springbok Bloemfontein
Tripoli LESOTHO
Durban
1 LAND BRIDGE SOUTH
1 TAZARA RAILWAY
Cairo A project to link the east and west AFRICA East Built with Chinese assistance in the 1970s to link Zambia with
2 3 coasts by road, rail and oil pipeline, Saldanha Oudtshoorn London
4 from Douala in Cameroon to Lamu Cape Town Dar es Salaam, avoiding Zimbabwe and South Africa.
Port Elizabeth
in Kenya via Bangui and Juba. Cape of Mossel Bay
Good Hope Cape MOZAMBIQUEÕS CORRIDORS
Agulhas NACALA CORRIDOR: Linking Malawi to the sea and the new
Dakar Wad Medani
NORTH-SOUTH CORRIDOR Nacala-a-Velha port, the outlet for Moatize coal exports.
5 5 6 6 Djibouti Ville A Comesa initiative comprising a road and rail network of
Kano NÕDjamena BEIRA CORRIDOR: An important gateway for landlocked
Gonder over 10,000km, linking eight countries in Southern and
7 8 countries to the west of Mozambique.
4 Central Africa ( ) with the aim of strengthening cross- MAPUTO CORRIDOR: Linking South AfricaÕs industrial
Lagos
8 border trade and tourism. heartland with the deepwater ports of Maputo and Matola.
Nairobi A port at Techobanine, south of Maputo, has been proposed
TRANS-AFRICAN HIGHWAYS to export coal from Botswana.
3 Mombasa An international programme to develop a transcontinental road network.
NORTH-SOUTH ROUTES:
Lobito 9 TAH-2: Algiers-Agadez-Lagos (Trans-Sahara)
National boundary
TAH-3: Tripoli-NÕDjamena-Kinshasa-Windhoek-Cape Town
TAH-4: Cairo-Khartoum-Addis Ababa-Nairobi-Lusaka-Gaborone-Cape Town Principal road
9
Beira EAST-WEST ROUTES:
4 TAH-1: Cairo-Tripoli-Algiers-Rabat-Dakar Main railway
3 TAH-5: Dakar-Bamako-NÕDjamena
TAH-6: NÕDjamena-Djibouti Busiest airports, 2016
TAH-7: Dakar-Freetown-Abidjan-Lagos (over 1m passengers)
© African Energy 2018 Cape TAH-8: Lagos-Yaound-Bangui-Kisangani-Nairobi-Mombasa
(www.africa-energy.com) Town TAH-9: Lobito-Lubumbashi-Harare-Beira

Climate, population, income, fossil fuels, power generation
CLIMATE ZONES Ave. daily max. temp.

Ave. daily min. temp.
POPULATION AND INCOME
KHARTOUM SUDAN
Ave. precipitation Elevation: 379m Algiers
SABHA LIBYA 40
Tangier Tunis
Elevation: 440m Rabat Alexandria
TUNISIA
40 ûC Casablanca Fs Tripoli 5.3m
ûC 30 Marrakech MOROCCO Cairo
30 20.9m
AL GER I A
Sabha 20 100
L I B YA
20 100 mm Western EGYP T
mm 10 50 Sahara
(under UN
10 50 mandate)
0 0 MAURITANIA
J FMAM J J A S OND
0 0 CAPE Nouakchott S UDA N
J FMAM J J A S OND VERDE
N I GER
MAL I
Khartoum Khartoum
Bamako Dakar SENEGAL Ouagadougou CHAD 5.8m ERITREA
Niamey
THE GAMBIA Bamako BURKINA DJIBOUTI
Kano NÕDjamena
FASO Kd
GUINEA-BISSAU
BAMAKO MALI Conakry
GUINEA BE.
GH. TO. Abuja Addis
Elevation: 381m Freetown CïTE
DÕIVOIRE Abomey Ib N I GER I A CENTRAL Ababa
300 SOUTH
LIA
SIERRA LEONE On
Monrovia Kumasi B N CAMEROON AFRICAN SUDAN ETH I OP I A
MA
mm Douala
A Aba Abidjan L A REP.
B Benin City LIBERIA
SO
250 Ib Ibadan
5.2m Lagos PHUDouala
Yaound
VIL O
Accra 14.4m EQ. UGANDA Mogadishu
ZZA N G
L E)
Kd Kaduna GUINEA
SÌO TOM & PRêNCIPE Kampala KENYA
(BRA O F C O
Sources: L Lom Kisangani
40 200 Entebbe N Nnewi Kigali
UNEP (2008), GABON DEM. Nairobi
On Onitsha REP. OF Bukavu
ûC Africa: Atlas of Our
.
Brazzaville RWANDA SEYCHELLES
REP
PH Port Harcourt CONGO
Changing Environment; Pointe-Noire BURUNDI Mombasa
30 150 U Uyo Kananga
weatherbase.com Kinshasa 14.3m Mbuji- TANZANIA Dar es Salaam
Urban agglomerations: Luanda Mayi 6.7m
20 100 estimated populations, 2020 8.3m
COMOROS
DOUALA CAMEROON 5.0 million +
A N GOL A Lubumbashi
MALAWI
10 50 Elevation: 9m Mayotte (Fr.)
(named in bold, and with figures) ZAMBI A Lilongwe
600 Lusaka
0 0 mm 1.0 Ð 4.9 million (named) U
E
J FMAM J J A S OND
IQ
Harare
550
MB
0.5 Ð 1.0 million ZIMBABWE Antananarivo
MAURITIUS
ENTEBBE UGANDA
MOZA
NAMIBIA MADAGASCAR
Elevation: 1,155m 500 BOTSWAN A
250 GDP per capita, 2017 Runion (Fr.)
Johannesburg Pretoria
mm US $6,001 + 5.8m Matola
Ekurhuleni Maputo
200 Mediterranean zone $3,001 Ð $6,000 SWAZILAND
Hot dry summers,
mild wet winters $1,501 Ð $3,000 SOUTH Durban
30 150 AF R I C A
LESOTHO
ûC Desert zone $701 Ð $1,500
350 Very high daytime
20 100 Cape Town Cape Town Port Elizabeth
temperatures, very little Country populations,
$0 Ð $700
300 precipitation mid-2017 (millions)
10 50 No data
7
. .
Sahelian zone
81 ep
.7
6.
.4 4. .3
er o e 6
ig ro ir 5.
g .8 9
.0
21 2 4
So nia 3
U a4 a5
Ke Af 3
1
Ta go c R
C da 28 e 2
2
d 4 9
N e o r2
.
G zam 9.8 7
5
250 Low rainfall but great
57
M an 1.3
Su ria 42.
g co 5
o 2 .
10
Al nd .7
ny ric
M ola 35
6
am Õ a
on ti
An roc 0.
0 0
7.
M ana biq
C te d a s c
n
ga 9
seasonal variation, C c ra
o 4
ia
v
ge a
t9
J FMAM J J A S OND Africa total:
I
19 eria
op
a
of mo
h
9
yp
high temperatures
nz
ut
0.
1,256.3m
hi
40 200
ig
a
De
Eg
h
Et
CAPE TOWN S AFRICA

N
Elevation: 13m ûC Tropical zone with

30 150 30 150 dry seasons
ûC mm Seasonal variation in 72 67
66
temperature and rainfall, 61 56 Rest of Africa
20 100 20 100 55
long dry seasons 49% urban 44 46
43
33 34 33 36
10 50 10 50 Humid tropical zone 27
High rainfall and 20 17 19
temperatures, short dry
0 0 0 0 season Sources: AfDB, AUC & ECA, African Statistical Yearbook 2018;
J FMAM J J A S OND J FMAM J J A S OND United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs,
Equatorial zone
High temperatures all year, POWER GENERATION Population Division (2018), World Urbanization
Prospects: The 2018 Revision
FOSSIL FUELS high rainfall, short dry
season, if at all Allal El Fassi, Al-Wahda Algiers
Annaba,
Skikda Bizerte
Gulf of Oran Sidi Daoud
Jerada Gabs Tangier, Ttouan
El B Tunis Al-Khums,
orm Mohammdia An Beni Mathar
Zohr Tripoli Darnah
TADLA BASIN a Nile Major oil/gas Jorf Lasfar TuNur El
Hassi RÕMel Ghadames Delta areas and Essaouira Afourer Hassi Daba
Cairo, Nile Delta,
Hassi Messaoud Basin RÕMel Misratah, Benghazi
recent Abdelmoumen Hassi Tarhuna Sirte
Port Said
Berkine Ouarzazate
Basin Western significant Akhfennir Sebkhate Tah
Messaoud Zafarana
Gulf of Kureimat Ras Gharib-Zeit Bay
Illizi Sirte Desert Suez discoveries Boujdour,
TINDOUF Sahara Basin Murzuq Basin Foum Al-Oued El Hamrawein
BASIN fields Kom Ombo
Basin SIRTE Major
GHADAMES Aswan
BASIN BASIN coal/lignite
Greater deposits Dal, Kajbar
Port Sudan,
Tortue Arkyiai
Complex Merowe Dagash, Shereik
Major shale
Agadem gas basins Cape Khartoum
Verde Dakar Tekeze
Manantali Ashegoda
Sangomar Jebba, Tana-Beles, Tis Abay
Fula
Melut Kalta, Kainji Shiroro Grand Renaissance Awash Valley
Ak zem
Basin Souapiti
N
os a
Adama, Debre Birhan

om
Niger Delta Anambra Doba Egbin Baro, Geba

Muglad Awash, Koka
bo
(Akata-Agbada) Kossou Mambilla

Basin Gilgel Gibe, Melka Wakena
Abidjan Noun River Halale-Werabesa
Rio del Tema Niger Lower Sanaga River Turkw
Production Foxtrot
Jubilee, Sankofa
Rey Basin
Lake S Lokichar
Aboadze Delta
Victoria Nile
el
Lake Turkana, Bubisa
Chollet
in 2017: TEN Alba Okume Albert Basin
Boou Bujagali, Owen Falls Rift Valley
Basin
Africa 8.7% Ogoou Grand Tana River
Delta Emeraude, Mui Poubara Kisangani
Etam Loango Basin Sounda Olkaria Mombasa
Pointe-Noire Ruzizi
Rest of world Cabinda Zongo Mkumbura
OIL 91.3% Songwe- Songo Songo Soyo (ALNG)
Dar es Salaam
Lower Congo Kiwira Inga Upper
Basin Offshore S Tanzania Lualaba Kidatu, Kihansi, StieglerÕs Gorge
Luanda
Kwanza Basin Luena
Ruhuhu Mnazi Bay Kwanza
Major power generation centres River
Offshore
Africa 6.1% Luangwa Ruvuma (existing and proposed) Cahora Bassa,
Niassa Basin Mphanda Nkuwa
Moatize Province
Maamba Thermal power Ruacana Kafue, Kariba
Ikopa River
Moatize
Sengwa (coal, oil, gas) Hwange
GAS Rest of world Batoka Gorge, Port Louis
Hwange DevilÕs Gorge Chicamba,
93.9% ansberg Hydroelectricity
Soutp Mavuzi Mania
Morupule Pande, River
Morupule
(coalbed Temane Nuclear Walvis Bay ba, Medupi
methane)
Mmamab
ula, Upington Mmamabula Matim batse
Springbok Waterberg Tu
Africa 4.1% Flats
Ermelo, Witb
Wind Lderitz
Kathu, Maputo
ank Uping Jasper Gauteng & Mpumalanga provinces
Pofadde ton
Kudu Highveld KwaZulu-Natal Solar Oranjemund
r Ingula
Lesotho Highlands
COAL Rest of world Ibhubesi Geothermal De Aar, Prieska Gariep, Vanderkloof
95.9% Molteno KAROO BASIN Sere (Koekenaap)
of which: Kouga East London
prospective area Koeberg
Cape Town Coega (Port Elizabeth)
Bredasdorp Basin © African Energy 2018 (www.africa-energy.com) Mossel Bay

Finance
Financiers may be willing but good

projects are still in short supply
Financiers insist they have plenty of finance available for well-structured projects that can ensure attractive
rates of return, but persistent bottlenecks, spotty governance and stop-start policies mean the flow of money
into the continent’s infrastructure remains less than it should be
I
t may seem contradictory to outsiders, but in some respects model, the state invests heavily upfront to reduce risks and the
the world’s poorest continent offers some of its biggest overall cost to developers, not unlike Scaling Solar, which was
opportunities, with a surplus of funds competing to invest in created by the IFC and partners to derisk investments. Masen
a surprisingly wide range of projects. That is the experience of has signed co-operation agreements with ten countries and is
many financiers, whether looking to support independent actively working on projects in five, as the kingdom works to
power projects (IPPs), mergers and acquisitions activity or large- expand its presence in Africa; it is mainly providing technical
scale hydrocarbons developments. While big funding pledges assistance and acting as an integrator, rather than directly
attract headlines, Africa has a lot of money chasing too few good providing financing.
projects. The key to unlocking substantially more investment is South Africa’s Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer
for perpetual bottlenecks to be unblocked and governance to Procurement (REIPPP) Programme similarly aims to offer a
improve, giving investors greater confidence that the promised replicable project structure which markets and donors are
rates of return will actually be paid. comfortable with. A fifth round is planned, though the process
Even when a strong working template is developed that should has not been without its critics. Local content rules have been
lead the way for a pipeline of similar privately-financed projects criticised for being convoluted and ineffective, while critics have
to follow – the case for Nigeria’s painstakingly structured Azura- questioned whether the programme delivers benefits for local
Edo gas-to-power plant – the model is not replicated as planners communities.
and developers hoped. Whereas Latin American and Asian Opposition to the REIPPP has grown, initially led by senior
markets have developed models for merchant power, IPP and executives at state utility Eskom and the coal lobby but more
other commercial projects, such developments still tend to stall recently joined by elements of the trade union movement and
in Africa. Public finance remains essential for the majority of radical political parties, who claim the programme is part of a
projects, and where demand remains huge – for example, in ‘backdoor privatisation’ of the financially-challenged utility.
building electricity transmission infrastructure – woefully Energy minister Jeff Radebe’s announcement that a fifth round
insufficient. The World Bank Group (WBG), African of REIPPP would go ahead was a strong gesture of support for
Development Bank and other institutions have considerably the scheme after the stormy latter period of ex-president Jacob
increased their support. However, this effort is undermined by Zuma’s administration had thrown renewables and many other
the lack of private finance flowing to complex projects in investments into doubt.
sectors where key players such as state utilities are effectively
The WBG has said it will no longer support upstream oil and
insolvent and structures are lacking for credible investments.
gas after 2019, although officials suggest it will continue to help
Year after year, the lack of projects is the single biggest issue that governments to cope with negotiations and structures necessary
comes up at events like African Energy’s annual Africa Investment to develop hydrocarbons schemes. The WBG stopped lending
Exchange: Power & Renewables meeting. Donors, developers, for coal-fired power stations in 2010. Other players are less
forward-thinking officials and banks have all worked to create reluctant to continue supporting fossil fuels, notably China,
more replicable structures for private finance, yet the deal flow which offers 85% China Export & Credit Insurance Corporation
remains elusive. Even those models that are replicable and scalable, (Sinosure)-backed lending on coal and other schemes.
like the International Finance Corporation-led Scaling Solar
programme and the Moroccan Agency for Sustainable Energy Mergers and acquisitions dip, debt increases
(Masen) renewables schemes, are not without controversy – An indicator of the stop-start trend in private investment, the
Scaling Solar has been criticised for skewing the market and sub-Saharan M&A market in 2017 dropped to its lowest level
Masen for involving too few local and international players, while in five years; eight out of the ten largest deals were in the natural
receiving a very high percentage of donor support. resources sector, according to data presented by law firm
These successful financing templates have been rolled out in Mishcon de Reya, with ExxonMobil’s $2.8bn farm-in to Eni’s
countries that offer a well-structured business model. The Mozambique gas project the highest value deal, followed by
Moroccan government established Masen as a vehicle to sit Glencore buying out controversial Israeli entrepreneur Dan
between financiers and a financially challenged utility to build Gertler’s share of assets in Democratic Republic of Congo.The
solar plants. Having succeeded with the 525MW Ouarzazate other two deals were both in telecoms.
facility, the Masen structure has been expanded to support a The value of M&A transactions announced in 2017 fell to
very ambitious renewables programme. According to the Masen $32.4bn, down from $42.5bn in 2016 and from $64.9bn at its

2015 peak. Mishcon ascribed the lower activity to concerns d’Ivoire was the most active bond issuer, with $10.3bn in
about political risk in Nigeria (continuing as the country heads proceeds (equivalent to 36% of market activity), followed by
for elections in February 2019) and in South Africa (arguably South Africa and Nigeria.
improving following Zuma’s replacement with Cyril
Sovereign debt is rising sharply in some economies. In Kenya,
Ramaphosa). Also depressing activity were the lower price of
questions have been asked about the uses new borrowing goes
oil and other commodities and the impact on Chinese demand,
to in a business environment still criticised for its high levels of
concerns over ethical and compliance considerations as global
corruption. Mozambique’s credibility nose-dived following
rules tighten, the prolonged election period in Kenya in 2017,
revelations about a $2bn debt that was contracted in 2013 for a
and the departure of veteran presidents in Angola and
supposed tuna fishing and maritime security scheme that failed
Zimbabwe – although this now looks like more of an
to materialise. Restructuring talks have made little progress as
opportunity than a risk.
creditors are reluctant to accept a loss, while donors cut off most
Resource nationalism and concerns about the sanctity of funding when the debt was revealed.
contracts have undermined confidence in countries such as
Tanzania, where in key sectors including mining and electricity Chinese role
onerous legislation and high-profile spats with private Operating most often in parallel to western capital is China,
companies have curtailed investment plans. Arbitration cases leveraging the world’s largest current account surplus. African
now under way include Symbion Power’s claim at the infrastructure has benefited significantly from Chinese
International Chamber of Commerce in Paris for $562.41m in investment in recent years, and where Chinese investors see a
lost capacity payments, interest and future payments from a 15- good deal, Beijing will continue to lend on a large scale,
year power purchase agreement that has been contested by the supported by other instruments such as Sinosure insurance.The
Tanzanian government. so-called 85-15 model by which China puts up 85% of a project
Rising debt and abuses of recent borrowing are of considerable cost in soft loans insured by The Export-Import Bank of China
concern. Thomson Reuters data show Sub-Saharan debt will remain a winning formula but there are signs that Chinese
issuance raising a total $28.5bn in 2017, 27% up on 2016. Côte investors are becoming more selective and more diverse. The
Chinese state and its enterprises have dominated African
business up to now, but other corporations and banks are
TOTAL ENERGY SECTOR FINANCING BY REGION, 2016 moving in, analysing projects on a more commercial basis.
(total: $19,953m)
North Africa Africa can remain a challenging environment, but investors will
$3,290m
(16.5%)
continue to seek out opportunities that offer higher rates of
return than slow-growing European and Asian markets. Africa
is attracting a wider range of investor classes, from the private
East Africa offices and sovereign wealth funds of the richest states and
$5,160m
(25.9%) individuals worldwide to small domestic investors. The slow
emergence of African pension funds, whose participation in the
market has been sought after for so long, continues, while the
Central Africa expected increased participation of domestic equities and
West Africa $1,364m
$5,558m (6.8%) institutional investors will help generate the local currency
(27.9%)
business that many believe holds the future for financial
structuring of projects across the continent.
Southern
Africa
$1,587m
(8.0%)
excluding
South Africa
Other
$934m South Africa POLITICAL RISK
(4.7%) $2,060m RATINGS
(10.3%) Medium/long-term
political risk ratings for
African countriesÕ export
ENERGY SECTOR FINANCING ENERGY SECTOR FINANCING transactions under the
BY SUB-SECTOR, 2016 BY TYPE OF FUNDING, 2016 OECD consensus
Distribution
$257m
Other Unknown
(3.1%) $579m
$393m
Transmission (6.9%) (5.4%) 7 (highest risk)
$1,096m Other
(13.1%) Generation: 6
$2,234m
fossil fuels (30.9%) Loans 5
Generation: $4,186m $4,105m
renewables (50.0%) (56.8%) 4
$2,259m Lines of credit
(27.0%) $500m 3
(6.9%)
2
Excludes ICA and African national governments Excludes ICA, African national governments 1 (lowest risk: no countries)
and private sector
Source: Infrastructure Consortium for Africa (ICA) Source: Credendo
© African Energy 2018 (www.africa-energy.com) © African Energy 2018 (www.africa-energy.com)

Regional groupings
THE AFRICAN UNION AND REGIONAL ECONOMIC COMMUNITIES RECOGNISED BY THE AU
Ecowas
applicants
Currently
suspended
from Igad
African Union (AU) Economic Community Arab Maghreb Union

SADC
of West African States (AMU) / Union du applicant
(Ecowas) / Communaut Maghreb arabe (UMA)
Community of Sahel- Economique Des Etats
Saharan States de lÕAfrique de lÕOuest
(CEN-SAD) / (CEDEAO) Intergovernmental
Communaut des Etats Authority on
Sahlo-Sahariens Development (Igad)
Common Market for Eastern
and Southern Africa (Comesa)
East African Southern African
Community (EAC) Development
Economic Community of Community (SADC)
Central African States (ECCAS) /
Communaut Economique des
Etats de lÕAfrique Centrale (CEEAC)
RIVER AND LAKE ORGANISATIONS
Organisation for the Organisation for the

Niger Basin Authority Development of the Development of the
(NBA) / Autorit du Senegal River (OMVS) River Gambia (OMVG)
Bassin du Niger (ABN)
Lake Chad Basin Volta Basin Authority (VBA)

Lake Tanganyika Commission (LCBC) /
Authority (LTA) / Commission du bassin
Autorit du Lac du Lac Tchad (CBLT) Nile Basin Initiative (NBI)
Tanganyika (ALT)
Congo-Oubangui-Sangha Nile River Basin Cooperative

Permanent Okavango River Basin Basin Commission / Framework Agreement (CFA)
Water Commission (Okacom) Commission Internationale du Bassin
Congo-Oubangui-Sangha (CICOS)
Zambezi Watercourse Commission (Zamcom)
Tripartite Permanent Technical
Commission (TPTC) Lake Victoria Basin Commission (LVBC)
Limpopo Watercourse Commission (Limcom)
Orange-Senqu River Commission (Orasecom)
OTHER ECONOMIC, SECURITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ORGANISATIONS
Liptako-Gourma
G5 Sahel Commission of Authority (LGA) / Autorit
Central African Forests / du Liptako-Gourma (ALG)
Commission des Forts
Mano River Union dÕAfrique Centrale
(MRU) (Comifac) International Conference
on the Great Lakes Region
(ICGLR) / Confrence
Gulf of Guinea Eastern Africa Internationale sur la rgion
Commission (GCC) / Standby Force (EASF) des Grands Lacs (CIRGL)
Commission du Golfe
de Guine (CGG)
Southern African Economic Community of the
Customs Union (Sacu) Great Lakes Countries (ECGLC) /
Communaut conomique des
Pays des Grands Lacs (CEPGL)
For AfricaÕs monetary groupings, see page 15; for power pools, see page 19 © African Energy 2018 (www.africa-energy.com)

Economic Africa
SOVEREIGN RATINGS
Country MoodyÕs Fitch
NAME Members of Africa Finance Corporation (AFC)
Angola B2 B
NAME Stock exchanges Botswana A2
Cameroon B2 B
NAME Members of Bourse Rgionale des Congo, D.R. B3
Valeurs Mobilires (BRVM) Congo, Rep. Caa2 CC
NAME Members of Bourse Rgionale des Rabat: Cte dÕIvoire Ba3 B+
Valeurs Mobilires dÕAfrique HQ of Arab Maghreb Egypt B3 B
Centrale (BVMAC) Union (AMU) / Ethiopia B1 B
Union du Maghreb Cairo: Gabon Caa1 B
Arabe (UMA) TUNISIA HQ of League of Arab States /
Members of the Franc Zone Casablanca: Ghana B3 B
Arab League
HQ of Africa50 Kenya B2 B+
Members of the West African MOROCCO African Export-Import Bank
Infrastructure Fund (Afreximbank) Mauritius Baa1
Monetary Zone (WAMZ)
Morocco Ba1 BBBÐ
ALGERIA Mozambique Caa3
Members of the LIBYA
Common Monetary Area Namibia Ba1 BBBÐ
(CMA) / Multilateral CFA EGYPT Nigeria B2 B+
UEMOA is known in
Monetary Area (MMA) Western English as the West Franc Zone Rwanda B2 B+
Sahara African Economic and Senegal Ba3
(under UN
mandate)
Monetary Union South Africa Baa3 BB+
(WAEMU) Tanzania B1
Khartoum: Tunisia B2 B+
MAURITANIA Uganda B2 B+
MALI NIGER Arab Bank for
Economic Zambia B3 B
Union Economique et Montaire SUDAN Development
CAPE Long-term issuer ratings, July 2018
Ouest Africaine (UEMOA) CHAD in Africa (BADEA) Source: ratings agencies
VERDE Cemac is
ERITREA
SENEGAL Abuja: known in English
THE HQ of Economic Community Djibouti Ville:
BURKINA of West African States
as the Economic
GAMBIA FASO Communaut and Monetary HQ of Intergovernmental
(Ecowas) / Communaut
Economique des Etats Economique et Community of DJIBOUTI Authority on Development (Igad)
GUINEA- GUINEA de lÕAfrique de lÕOuest Montaire de Central Africa
Dakar: BISSAU (CEDEAO) lÕAfrique Centrale ETHIOPIA
(Cemac)
Banque Centrale des Etats de
SIERRA CïTE GHANA NIGERIA Addis Ababa:
lÕAfrique de lÕOuest (BCEAO) DÕIVOIRE CENTRAL SOUTH AU Commission
(UEMOAÕs central bank) LEONE Lagos: SUDAN
Association of African HQ of AFC CAMEROON AFR. REP.
Central Banks (AACB) / LIBERIA Abidjan: HQ of United Bank for Africa
(UBA) Yaound: SOMALIA
Association des Banques African Development Bank (AfDB) TOGO BENIN
Centrales Africaines (ABCA) Bourse Rgionale des Banque des Etats de lÕAfrique Centrale
(BEAC) (CemacÕs central bank)
Valeurs Mobilires (BRVM) EQ. GUINEA UGANDA KENYA
ILL O
Cemac + UEMOA = CFA Franc Zone SÌO TOM & PRêNCIPE Kampala:
AVONG
E)
CFA Franc Zone + Comoros = Franc Zone

East African Development Bank
GABON RWANDA Nairobi:
FC
ALL AFRICA AND REGIONS: 2017 2018 2019

ZZ
Libreville: BURUNDI AfricanTrade Insurance Agency

O
SELECTED INDICATORS 2016 est. proj. proj. DEM. REP.

RA
HQ of Economic SEYCHELLES
P.
RE Arusha:
(B
Real GDP 2.2 3.6 4.1 4.1 Community of OF CONGO Bujumbura:

Central African PTA (Preferential HQ of East African
North Africa 3.3 5.0 5.1 4.5 States (ECCAS) / Trade Area) Bank Community (EAC)
Communaut Cabinda (the financial arm
West Africa 0.5 2.5 3.6 3.8 (Ang.) of Comesa)
Economique des TANZANIA
Central Africa 0.1 0.7 2.4 3.0
Annual % growth
Etats de lÕAfrique
East Africa 4.9 5.6 5.9 6.1 Centrale (CEEAC)
Southern Africa 0.9 1.6 2.0 2.4 Bourse Rgionale des COMOROS
Valeurs Mobilires ANGOLA
Consumer price inflation* 10.0 13.0 11.1 9.0 dÕAfrique Centrale
North Africa 7.8 14.4 13.2 9.3 (BVMAC) MALAWI Mayotte
West Africa 12.7 13.3 11.6 11.0 ZAMBIA (Fr.)
Central Africa 2.6 9.4 10.3 8.8 Lom: Lusaka:
West African HQ of Common Market for Eastern
East Africa 12.7 15.1 9.4 8.1 Development Bank and Southern Africa (Comesa)
Southern Africa 10.5 9.5 7.9 6.9 (WADB) / Banque MADAGASCAR
Ouest Africaine de ZIMBABWE MOZAMBIQUE MAURITIUS
Overall fiscal balance** Ð7.0 Ð5.7 Ð4.7 Ð4.3 Dveloppement
NAMIBIA
North Africa Ð12.7 Ð9.1 Ð6.3 Ð5.7 (BOAD) BOTSWANA
West Africa Ð5.0 Ð4.8 Ð4.4 Ð4.0 Ecowas Bank for Runion
Gaborone: (Fr.)
Central Africa Ð4.1 Ð2.1 Ð0.7 Ð0.2 Investment and Windhoek: HQ of Southern African
Development (EBID) / HQ of Southern Development Community (SADC) Quatre Bornes:
East Africa Ð4.2 Ð3.9 Ð3.9 Ð3.8
% of GDP
Banque dÕInvestissement African Customs HQ of Indian Ocean

Southern Africa Ð4.5 Ð5.0 Ð4.6 Ð4.2 et de Dveloppement de Union (Sacu) SWAZILAND Commission (IOC) /
la CEDEAO (BIDC) Commission de
External current account** Ð5.9 Ð4.2 Ð3.5 Ð3.2 HQ of Ecobank lÕOcan Indien (COI)
North Africa Ð8.9 Ð6.5 Ð3.4 Ð2.4 Pretoria:
West Africa Ð1.8 Ð1.0 Ð1.4 Ð1.1 Johannesburg: SOUTH African Tax Administration Forum (ATAF)
Central Africa Ð11.2 Ð6.1 Ð3.7 Ð4.0 Pan-African Infrastructure LESOTHO
AFRICA Development Bank of Southern Africa (DBSA)
East Africa Ð6.8 Ð5.4 Ð5.6 Ð5.3 Development Fund (PAIDF)
Southern Africa Ð4.8 Ð3.8 Ð4.3 Ð4.7 Midrand:
Pan-African Parliament (PAP)
Fiscal balance is government income minus spending
Nepad (New Partnership for
*annual average. **including grants.
Source: AfDB, OECD & UNDP, African Economic Outlook 2018
AfricaÕs Development) Planning SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: 2018 2019
and Coordinating Agency
SELECTED INDICATORS 2016 2017 proj. proj.
Real GDP 1.4 2.8 3.4 4.7
World Bank
Annual % growth
division between Ð Oil exporting countries Ð1.5 0.5 2.0 2.1

MENA and SSA Middle East
North Africa & No of which: Nigeria Ð1.6 0.8 2.1 1.9
r th A
fric Ð Middle-income countries 0.5 1.9 2.7 2.9
a( of which: South Africa 0.6 1.3 1.5 1.7
M
EN
CHAD A Ð Low-income countries* 4.3 5.5 5.6 5.9
West Ð Countries in fragile situations 2.5 3.3 4.3 4.8
)
Africa East NIGERIA

S.SUDAN Consumer price inflation** 11.3 11.0 9.5 8.9
Africa CAMEROON
Central Fiscal balance (incl. grants) Ð4.6 Ð5.0 Ð4.0 Ð3.9
% of
GDP
EQUAT.GUINEA
Africa GABON REP. OF CONGO
External current account Ð4.1 Ð2.6 Ð2.9 Ð3.1
African Sub-Saharan
International Africa (SSA) Reserves (months of imports) 5.2 5.0 5.3 5.1
Development
Monetary Fund
Bank (AfDB) ANGOLA *excluding low-income countries in fragile situations. **annual average.
(IMF) regions
regions Source: IMF, Regional Economic Outlook, Sub-Saharan Africa, May 2018
Southern
Africa ÔSub-Saharan African
oil exportersÕ (where
net oil exports make up
at least 30% of total
© African Energy 2018 exports)
(www.africa-energy.com)

Economic indicators by country
Gross domestic product Constant prices (real GDP), percentage change on previous year GDP figures are based on purchasing-power-parity (PPP) valuation of
the countryÕs GDP, measured in current international dollars.
Consumer price inflation Percentage change on previous year GDP and population figures are for 2017.
Current account balance Percentage of GDP Some data are IMF estimates, including most data for 2016 and beyond.
124.7 70.8
NORTH OF THE SAHARA
GDP: $632.9bn GDP: $1,201.2bn GDP: $64.4bn

ALGERIA Population: 41.5m EGYPT Population: 94.8m LIBYA Population: 6.4m
30 40 30 40 30 40
20 20 20 20 20 20
10 0 10 0 10 0
0 Ð20 0 Ð20 0 Ð20
Ð10 Ð40 Ð10 Ð40 Ð10 Ð40

2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19
Ð66.6 Ð36.8 Ð53.0 Ð78.4 Ð54.4
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
GDP: $298.6 bn GDP: $135.4bn GDP: $190.3bn
MOROCCO Population: 34.9m TUNISIA Population: 11.5m ANGOLA Population: 28.2m
30 40 30 40 30 40
20 20 20 20 20 20
10 0 10 0 10 0
0 Ð20 0 Ð20 0 Ð20
Ð10 Ð40 Ð10 Ð40 Ð10 Ð40

2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19
GDP: $25.3bn GDP: $38.9bn GDP: $35.8bn

BENIN Population: 11.1m BOTSWANA Population: 2.2m BURKINA FASO Population: 18.9m
30 40 30 40 30 40
20 20 20 20 20 20
10 0 10 0 10 0
0 Ð20 0 Ð20 0 Ð20
Ð10 Ð40 Ð10 Ð40 Ð10 Ð40

2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19

BURUNDI Population: 10.9m CAMEROON Population: 24.3m CAPE VERDE Population: 0.54m
30 40 30 40 30 40
20 20 20 20 20 20
10 0 10 0 10 0
0 Ð20 0 Ð20 0 Ð20
Ð10 Ð40 Ð10 Ð40 Ð10 Ð40

2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC Pop: 5.0m CHAD Population: 12.2m COMOROS Population: 0.83m
30 40 30 40 30 40
20 20 20 20 20 20
10 0 10 0 10 0
0 Ð20 0 Ð20 0 Ð20
Ð10 Ð40 Ð10 Ð40 Ð10 Ð40

2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19
46.1 Ð36.7 41.5

DEMOCRATIC REP. OF CONGO Pop: 86.7m REP. OF CONGO (Brazzaville) Population: 4.4m CïTE DÕIVOIRE Population: 25.0m
30 40 30 40 30 40
20 20 20 20 20 20
10 0 10 0 10 0
0 Ð20 0 Ð20 0 Ð20
Ð10 Ð40 Ð10 Ð40 Ð10 Ð40

2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19
Ð54.1 Ð74.1
GDP: $3.6bn GDP: $30.4bn GDP: $9.4bn Source: Iinternational Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, April 2018
DJIBOUTI Population: 1.0m EQUATORIAL GUINEA Population: 0.84m ERITREA Population: 5.9m
30 40 30 40 30 40
20 20 20 20 20 20
10 0 10 0 10 0
0 Ð20 0 Ð20 0 Ð20
Ð10 Ð40 Ð10 Ð40 Ð10 Ð40

2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19
44.4
ETHIOPIA Population: 92.7m GABON Population: 1.9m THE GAMBIA Population: 2.1m
30 40 30 40 30 40
20 20 20 20 20 20
10 0 10 0 10 0
0 Ð20 0 Ð20 0 Ð20
Ð10 Ð40 Ð10 Ð40 Ð10 Ð40

2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19

GHANA Population: 28.3m GUINEA Population: 13.0m GUINEA-BISSAU Population: 1.7m
30 40 30 40 30 40
20 20 20 20 20 20
10 0 10 0 10 0
0 Ð20 0 Ð20 0 Ð20
Ð10 Ð40 Ð10 Ð40 Ð10 Ð40

2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19

Section
TOP AND Real GDP Libya 70.8% Namibia Ð1.2% Consumer South Sudan 187.9% Rep. of Congo 0.45% Current Swaziland 14.6% Mozambique Ð16.1%
BOTTOM FIVE growth Ethiopia 10.9% Chad Ð3.1% price Dem. Rep. of Congo 41.5% Burkina Faso 0.35% account Botswana 10.8% Sierra Leone Ð21.9%
Ghana 8.4% Equatorial Guinea Ð4.4% Sudan 32.4% Benin 0.14% Nigeria 2.5% Liberia Ð22.4%
COUNTRIES, % change Cte dÕIvoire 7.8% Rep. of Congo Ð4.6% inflation Angola 31.7% Togo Ð0.75%
balance Libya 2.2% Guinea Ð23.0%
2017 Senegal 7.2% South Sudan Ð11.1% % change Libya 28.0% Chad Ð0.92% % of GDP Guinea-Bissau 0.06% Djibouti Ð23.2%

KENYA Population: 46.7m LESOTHO Population: 1.9m LIBERIA Population: 4.5m
30 40 30 40 30 40
20 20 20 20 20 20
10 0 10 0 10 0
0 Ð20 0 Ð20 0 Ð20
Ð10 Ð40 Ð10 Ð40 Ð10 Ð40

2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19

MADAGASCAR Population: 25.6m MALAWI Population: 19.2m MALI Population: 18.9m
30 40 30 40 30 40
20 20 20 20 20 20
10 0 10 0 10 0
0 Ð20 0 Ð20 0 Ð20
Ð10 Ð40 Ð10 Ð40 Ð10 Ð40

2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19

MAURITANIA Population: 3.9m MAURITIUS Population: 1.3m MOZAMBIQUE Population: 29.5m
30 40 30 40 30 40
20 20 20 20 20 20
10 0 10 0 10 0
0 Ð20 0 Ð20 0 Ð20
Ð10 Ð40 Ð10 Ð40 Ð10 Ð40

2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19
Ð70.3
GDP: $26.5bn GDP: $21.8bn GDP: $1,118.8bn
NAMIBIA Population: 2.3m NIGER Population: 18.8m NIGERIA Population: 188.7m
30 40 30 40 30 40
20 20 20 20 20 20
10 0 10 0 10 0
0 Ð20 0 Ð20 0 Ð20
Ð10 Ð40 Ð10 Ð40 Ð10 Ð40

2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19

RWANDA Population: 11.8m SÌO TOM & PRêNCIPE Population: 0.21m SENEGAL Population: 15.9m
30 40 30 40 30 40
20 20 20 20 20 20
10 0 10 0 10 0
0 Ð20 0 Ð20 0 Ð20
Ð10 Ð40 Ð10 Ð40 Ð10 Ð40

2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19

SEYCHELLES Population: 0.09m SIERRA LEONE Population: 7.4m SOMALIA Population: 14.7m*
30 40 30 40 30 40
No inflation data, No data prior to 2013
20 20 20 20 20 no GDP data prior to 2012 20
10 0 10 0 10 0
0 Ð20 0 Ð20 0 Ð20
Ð10 Ð40 Ð10 Ð40 Ð10 Ð40

2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19
45.1 Ð20.5 Ð65.0 *Source: AfDB Statistical Yearbook 2018
GDP: $765.6bn GDP: $18.7bn 43.5 39.5 GDP: $187.0bn

SOUTH AFRICA Population: 56.5m SOUTH SUDAN Population: 12.6m SUDAN Population: 40.8m
30 40 30 2015: 52.8 40 30 40
2016: 379.8
No data 2017: 187.9 No data
20 20 20 prior to 2018: 104.1 prior to 20 20 20
2012 2019: 108.2 2011
10 0 10 0 10 0
0 Ð20 0 Ð20 0 Ð20
Ð10 Ð40 Ð10 Ð40 Ð10 Ð40

2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19
Ð52.4

SWAZILAND Population: 1.1m TANZANIA Population: 50.0m TOGO Population: 7.8m
©African Energy 2018 (www.africa-energy.com)
30 40 30 40 30 40
20 20 20 20 20 20
10 0 10 0 10 0
0 Ð20 0 Ð20 0 Ð20
Ð10 Ð40 Ð10 Ð40 Ð10 Ð40

2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19
157.0
UGANDA Population: 37.7m ZAMBIA Population: 17.2m ZIMBABWE Population: 14.9m
30 40 30 40 30 40
20 20 20 20 20 20
10 0 10 0 10 0
0 Ð20 0 Ð20 0 Ð20
Ð10 Ð40 Ð10 Ð40 Ð10 Ð40

2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19 2007 09 11 13 15 17 19
Ð72.7

Key trends: Reserves, production, consumption & exports
PROVED OIL RESERVES, end-2017 OIL PRODUCTION Million tonnes OIL CONSUMPTION Million tonnes oil equivalent
Billion barrels 2000 total: 371.6m tonnes / 7,789 thousand 2000 total: 122.2m toe / 2,465 thousand
Total: 126.5bn bbls (7.5% of world reserves) barrels/day (10.4% of world production) barrels/day (3.2% of world consumption)
Countries with proved reserves of 2017 total: 383.3m tonnes / 8,072 thousand 2017 total: 196.3m tonnes / 4,047 thousand
more than 1bn bbls: barrels/day (8.7% of world production) barrels/day (4.1% of world consumption)
Algeria 12.2 500 200
Libya 48.4 480 180
460 160
Egypt 3.3
440 140 Rest of Africa
Sudan 1.5
420 120
Chad 1.5
400 100
Nigeria Rest of Africa Morocco
37.5 South 380 Sudan 80 Algeria
Sudan
3.5 360 Chad 60
Equatorial Guinea 1.1 South Africa
South Sudan
Gabon 2.0 Uganda 340 Equat. Guinea 40
Rep. of Congo (Brazzaville) 1.7 Gabon
1.6 320 20 Egypt
Rep. of Congo
Angola 9.5 300 Egypt 0
2000 03 05 07 09 11 13 15 17
280
260 Libya CRUDE OIL FROM AFRICA, 2017 Million tonnes
Movements of more than 1m tonnes:
240
Europe
220 53.0 52.8 1.2 Middle East
Algeria
6
1.
200 1.4
Canada North 4.1
PROVED NATURAL GAS RESERVES, 180 2.3 6.5
Africa
end-2017 Trillion cubic metres 160
5.6
Total: 13.8 tcm (7.1% of world reserves) United West 72.3 China
140 Angola States 25.3 Africa 4.7
Countries with proved reserves of East &
Southern 1.2
more than 1 tcm: 120
Africa
India
Central 8.2 26.4
Algeria 4.3 100 & South 1.2
Libya 1.4 America 2.1 Australasia
80 1.9
6.5 8.2 Egypt 1.8 60 4.9
Nigeria Other Asia-Pacific
40 15.1
20 GAS CONSUMPTION Million tonnes oil equivalent

0
2000 total: 47.9m toe / 55.7 billion cubic metres
Technically 2000 03 05 07 09 11 13 15 17 (2.3% of world consumption)
recoverable 2017 total: 121.9m toe / 141.8 billion cubic metres
shale gas GAS PRODUCTION Million tonnes oil equivalent (3.9% of world consumption)
Nigeria 5.2 resources
2000 total: 116.2m toe / 135.1 billion cubic metres 140
(5.6% of world production)
120
2017 total: 193.5m toe / 225.0 billion cubic metres
(6.1% of world production) 100 Rest of Africa
220 80 South Africa
Recent discoveries 200 60 Algeria
offshore Tanzania
and Mozambique 180 Rest of Africa
40
total at least 6 tcm, Libya
13.7 according to 160 20 Egypt
industry estimates
140 Egypt 0
2000 03 05 07 09 11 13 15 17
120
PROVED COAL RESERVES, end-2017 100 Nigeria GAS FROM AFRICA, 2017 Billion cubic metres
Million tonnes
Total: 13,217m tonnes (1.3% of world reserves) 80
Movements of more than 1 bcm:
Italy 18.0 Turkey 4.7, France 4.1, Spain 2.4
Countries with proved reserves of 60 Spain 11.8
more than 500m tonnes: Italy 4.4 Turkey 2.1
40 Algeria Spain 4.4
France 3.3 Algeria
20 Libya
0
2000 03 05 07 09 11 13 15 17 India 3.6
Nigeria Japan 2.1
COAL PRODUCTION Million tonnes oil equivalent Mexico 1.5 Equat. S Korea 1.1
2000 total: 130.5m toe (5.7% of world production) Guinea
2017 total: 154.5m toe (4.1% of world production) India 1.2
Pipeline
180 LNG Angola India 1.4
160
140
Rest of Africa COAL CONSUMPTION Million tonnes oil equivalent
2000 total: 82.8m toe (3.5% of world consumption)
BotswanaÕs coal reserves 120
are estimated to be approx.
2017 total: 93.1m toe (2.5% of world consumption)
Zimbabwe
200bn tonnes (Sources: 502 100 100
Botswana Ministry of Rest of Africa
Minerals, Energy & Water 80 80
Resources; US Chamber South Africa
of Commerce) 60 60
Significant coal 40 40 South Africa
deposits in Tete
South Africa 9,893 province, and 20 20
potentially a similar
amount in Niassa 0 0
2000 03 05 07 09 11 13 15 17 2000 03 05 07 09 11 13 15 17
Sources: BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2018;
US Energy Information Administration (2011), HYDROELECTRIC POWER CONSUMPTION NUCLEAR POWER CONSUMPTION
World Shale Gas Resources: An Initial Assessment 2000 total: 17.0m tonnes oil equivalent (2.8% of world) 2000 total: 2.9m toe (0.5% of world)
© African Energy 2018 (www.africa-energy.com) 2017 total: 29.1m toe (3.2% of world) 2017 total: 3.6m toe (0.6% of world)

Power
NATIONAL ELECTRICITY
COMPANIES
MDEC: Merowe Dam Electricity Company
Algiers: Socit Tunisienne de
African Energy lÕElectricit et du Gaz (Steg) Regideso: Rgie de Production et de Distribution
Office National Commission (Afrec) / dÕEau et dÕElectricit
de lÕElectricit et Commission Africaine SEDC: Sudanese Electricity Distribution Company
de lÕEau Potable de lÕEnergie (CAE)
SHGC: Sudanese Hydro Power Generation Company
(ONEE) etween member stat
es b es Egyptian Electricity Setco: Sudanese Electricity Transmission Company
tat
ro Holding Company
H Q Socit Nationale de General Electricity STPG: Sudanese Thermal Power Generation Company
ec Company of Libya (EEHC),
el lÕElectricit et du Gaz Egyptian Electricity UEGCL: Uganda Electricity Generation Company Ltd.
m (Sonelgaz) (Gecol)
Transmission UETCL: Uganda Electricity Transmission Company Ltd.
o
C
Company (EETC)
Socit
Mauritanienne
dÕElectricit Socit
(Somelec) Energie Nigrienne MDEC, SEDC,
du Mali dÕElectricit Socit Eritrean Electric
Electra Setco, SHGC,
(EDM) (Nigelec) Nationale Corporation (EEC)
Senelec STPG
dÕElectricit
Nawec (SNE) Electricit de
Sonabel Djibouti (EDD)
EAGB EDG Addis Ababa:
NBET, TCN HQ of EAPP
South Sudan
EDSA, EGTC CI-Energies, Energie Electricity Ethiopian Electric
Abidjan: LEC CIE Centrafricaine Corporation Power (EEP) Nugal Electrical
Association of Power Utilities of Africa (APUA) / Cotonou: Eneo (Enerca) (SSEC) Co-operative (NEC)
Association des Socits dÕElectricit dÕAfrique (ASEA) HQ of Cameroon
WAPP / UEGCL,
EEEOA eg
S
ECG, GRIDCo, NEDCo & VRA es UETCL, Kenyan Electricity Generating Company (Kengen),
a Kenya Electricity Transmission Company (Ketraco),
CEET EMAE Umeme
SBEE & CEB Socit Kenya Power
SEEG
Nationale
CEB: Communaut Electrique du Bnin dÕElectricit Rwanda Energy Group
SNE Public
CEET: Compagnie Energie Electrique du Togo (Snel) Regideso Utilities
CIE: Compagnie Ivoirienne dÕElectricit Brazzaville: Corporation
HQ of CAPP / PEAC Tanzania Electric Supply
CI-Energies: Socit des Energies de Cte dÕIvoire (PUC)
Company (Tanesco)
EAGB: Empresa Publica de Electricidade e Agua de Guin-Bissau
ECG: Electricity Company of Ghana Madji na Mwendje ya Komor (MA-MWE),
EDG: Electricit de Guine ENDE, Gamek, Electricit dÕAnjouan (EDA)
EDSA: Electricity Distribution and Supply Authority Prodel, Rede Egenco,
Egenco: Electricity Generation Company Nacional de Escom
Transporte Zesco
EGTC: Electricity Generation and Transmission Company
EMAE: Empresa de Agua e Electricidade Zimbabwe Harare: Jiro sy Rano Malagasy
ENDE: Empresa Nacional de Distribuio de Electricidade Electricity Supply HQ of SAPP (Jirama)
Escom: Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi Authority (Zesa) Central
Electricidade de Moambique (EDM), Electricity
Gamek: Gabinete de Aproveitamento do Mdio Kwanza Botswana Hidroelctrica de Cahora Bassa (HCB)
NamPower Board
GRIDCo: Ghana Grid Company Power
(CEB)
LEC: Liberia Electricity Corporation Corporation
(BPC)
Nawec: National Water and Electricity Company of Gambia
NEDCo: Northern Electricity Distribution Company
Swaziland Electricity Company (SEC)
NBET: Nigerian Bulk Electricity Trading PLC
Prodel: Empresa Pblica de Produo de Electricidade
SBEE: Socit Bninoise dÕEnergie Electrique Lesotho Electricity Company (LEC)
Eskom
SEEG: Socit dÕElectricit et dÕEaux du Gabon
Segesa: Sociedad de Electricidad de Guinea Ecuatorial
Senelec: Socit Nationale dÕElectricit du Sngal
SNE: Socit National dÕElectricit
Sonabel: Socit Nationale dÕElectricit du Burkina
TCN: Transmission Company of Nigeria
VRA: Volta River Authority
POWER POOLS
Withdrew from
EAPP Feb 2016
Potential
members
Maghreb Electricity Central African West African Power

Committee / Power Pool (CAPP) / Pool (WAPP) /
Comit Maghrbin de Pool Energtique Systme dÕEchanges
lÕElectricit (Comelec) de lÕAfrique dÕEnergie Electrique
Centrale (PEAC) Ouest Africain (EEEOA)
Southern African
Power Pool (SAPP) Eastern Africa Power
Pool (EAPP)

Trends
African power sector embraces transition

Much has changed in the African power sector in recent years, with three key trends having a noticeable impact.
Countries are opening up and restructuring to accommodate private participation. Institutional change is helping
development, though poor governance continues to hamper new projects. But most of all, economies have begun
to move away from polluting and inefficient technologies in response to innovation and climate change.
A
frica’s power sector has seen steady change since the start grievances. However, the rate of deterioration in violence,
of the decade. The earliest trend to emerge was a slow regulatory quality, government effectiveness, and control of
but tangible opening to private investment. State corruption over the same period is a major concern.
companies continue to dominate most countries, causing
bottlenecks as governments look to develop the sector faster New technologies
than utility balance sheets can allow. Regulation and policy have The second trend making its presence felt is the energy transition,
in many cases improved, although the private sector still lacks a where economies have begun to move away from polluting and
systematic, well-structured role in most countries, but private inefficient technologies in response to innovation and climate
developers have begun to make inroads. change. The high cost of solar and wind, coupled with droughts
Figures from African Energy Live Data show that the leading to countries diversifying away from hydropower, meant
that in the early part of the decade Africa was slow to respond to
proportion of total capacity which is privately controlled has
the energy transition. But the combined effects of falling solar
increased from 11.7% in 2010 to 13.3% in 2017. This could
and wind prices, innovations in battery storage, mobile money,
grow to more than 16% by the end of the decade. But with the
pay-as-you-go, smart technology, and increasing finance available
existing stock of plants overwhelmingly in public ownership,
for renewable energy have resulted in the energy transition
new projects show a different picture.While in 2011-2013 only
becoming the major story on the continent.
10-11% of new capacity was privately owned, in 2014 the figure
was 36% and in 2016 it was 22%. This can be seen in the continent’s changing energy mix. The
transition has been less dramatic than in developed countries,
However progress has been patchy and recent years have seen partly due to resources, partly due to the slow rate of power
some reverses following the stalling of the Renewable Energy sector development and long lead times for infrastructure
Independent Power Producer Procurement (REIPPP) projects in Africa. A steady decrease in the importance of coal
Programme in South Africa and the slow pace of IPP power in the energy mix since 2010 looks likely to continue.
development in sub-Saharan Africa as a whole. In 2017, only
13% of new generation was privately owned and in 2018 the
figure will be roughly the same. But the 2020s look more AFRICAÕS ENERGY MIX, 2010
promising, with an average of 30% of the current project Total: 143,316MW
Hydroelectric 26,425MW 18.4%
pipeline for the early part of the decade privately owned. This
Natural gas 28,668MW Solar 89MW 0.1%
is likely to be an underestimate given the short lead time of 20.0% Wind 1,085MW 0.8%
solar and wind projects and their tendency to date to be Renewables
Other 732MW 0.5%
privately owned. (Geothermal 162MW,
Biomass 570MW)
Liquid fuels
12,729MW 8.9% Nuclear 1,830MW 1.3%
Worsening governance
Serious questions might be asked about the relationship between
Coal 42,523MW 29.7%
the slowdown in private growth and a deterioration in
Gas & liquid fuels
governance indicators on the continent, as well as a tougher 29,234MW 20.4%
macroeconomic climate. Both the International Monetary Fund
and the World Bank Group (WBG) issued warnings in 2018
about the growing indebtedness of African governments. AFRICAÕS ENERGY MIX, 2017
Estimates of all but one of six governance indicators – control of Total: 212,029MW
corruption, government effectiveness, political stability and
Natural gas 51,598MW Solar 2,868MW 1.4%
absence of violence or terrorism, regulatory quality, rule of law, 24.3% Wind 5,126MW 2.4%
and voice and accountability – measured by the WBG worsened Renewables
Other 1,824MW 0.9%
(Geothermal 660MW,
on average between 2010 and 2016. Wave/tidal 0.4MW,
Biomass 1,163MW)
Most troubling is that on average, the slow decline noticeable in
Hybrid 868MW 0.4%
most indicators in the 2000s became more pronounced after Liquid fuels
21,376MW 10.1% Nuclear 1,830MW 0.9%
2010.Voice and accountability was the only indicator to show a Other thermal 1,545MW
0.7%
positive change between 2010 and 2016 – this should have an Coal 47,218MW 22.3%
Gas & liquid fuels
effect over the longer term as governments become more 43,335MW 20.4%
accountable to their citizens, who are better able to voice their Source: African Energy Live Data © African Energy 2018 (www.africa-energy.com)

Section
GENERATION BREAKDOWN BY FUEL, 2010Ð20 Energy for All (SEforALL) initiative suggests that for the first
100 time more Africans had access to power in 2016 than did not;
%
Other renewables*
607.85m with access to electricity, 562.54m without. These
80 Wind figures are almost entirely modelled, with few real data points,
Solar and so must be approached with caution. Some countries saw
Hydroelectric
60
Hybrid
their historic electrification rates change by more than 25% in
Nuclear the latest modelling exercise. But the available data are positive.
Other thermal
40
Coal In Kenya, national utility Kenya Power claimed in its 2016-17
Gas/ liquid fuels annual report that more than 70% of the population are now
20 Liquid fuels
Natural gas
connected to the grid, a huge improvement. Meetings with the
*geothermal, wave/tidal, biomass WBG and other donors in 2014 resulted in a strong ‘last mile’
0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 strategy in the country, which has an unusually high regional
population density with 80% of the population situated in a
little under 25% of the land. Nevertheless, electrification has
Although there has been an increase in fuel oil-fired capacity to
date, this is expected to diminish as new gas sources become put Kenya Power under substantial pressure by adding large
available and solar and wind power plants are built.Transitioning numbers of small, unprofitable consumers, and the utility is
thermal plants currently operating on fuel oils will be essential being monitored closely by the World Bank. Similar
to controlling both carbon emissions and costs. programmes are now underway in Ethiopia and Tanzania. East
The share of coal in the mix has already declined from 30% in African countries have improved their electrification rates on
2010 to 22% in 2017 while gas has increased from 20% to 24%, average by more than 10% since 2010, with each country
driven in large part by new plants in North Africa. Fuel oil-fired having rates on average of 34% in 2010 and nearly 45% in 2016,
plants have increased from 18% to 21% while solar and wind according to SEforALL. For the region taken together, 22.1%
only accounted for a combined 3% in 2017. of the population had access to electricity in 2010, increasing
Although the focus has been on renewables, gas capacity is to 36.9% in 2016.
currently the most important in terms of reducing reliance on Progress has been made across the board, but rural electrification
coal and fuel oils in the project pipeline. While solar and wind lags behind. Including North Africa and South Africa, access to
could increase to 3% apiece by 2020 on the basis of the current electricity for Africa’s rural population increased from roughly
pipeline of projects, gas is set to grow from 24% in 2017 to 29% 30% in 2010 to around 38% in 2016. There is a large regional
in 2020, almost entirely on the basis of plants under construction
discrepancy, with North Africa having near universal access
in North Africa, although there are also plants in West Africa
which are being implemented or which are expected to be while in Central Africa only 7.5% of the rural population had
converted to gas over the period. Geothermal will account for electricity. About 25% of the rural East African population had
only 1% of the continental energy mix, making a paltry 8% of access to electricity, compared with 29% in Southern Africa and
installed capacity using solar, wind, geothermal and biomass 33% in West Africa.
combined in 2020. Off-grid is not yet accounted for in these figures and represents
However, these figures only refer to utility-scale and large a major challenge for data collectors. The figures are currently
industrial plants, ignoring one of the most important components modest compared to the challenge, likely no more than 1m or
of the energy transition, the emergence of widespread and 2m people, but if attempts to scale the industry are successful
commercial off-grid solar as a nascent industry. No accurate or this could change quite quickly.
comprehensive figures are currently available but most of the
major solar home system suppliers have sold around 150,000-
250,000 systems which are generally 50-80W at the larger end ELECTRICITY ACCESS BY REGION, 2010Ð16
100
of the scale, so it is unlikely that these systems currently represent
% of
a significant change to the power mix. But as the industry scales, population North Africa
both in terms of the number of customers and the size of the 80 West Africa
Central Africa
systems, and mini-grids become more common, it will start to
East Africa
become more significant both in the mix and for electricity sector 60
Southern Africa
planners. In terms of impact on customers currently not
connected to the grid, it has enormous potential. 40
Access to electricity
20
Off-grid power complements efforts to increase access to
electricity which have shown some tangible results, with
0
Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania showing especially impressive 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Source: SEforALL, Global Tracking © African Energy 2018
progress since 2010.The latest available data from the Sustainable Framework Report 2017 (www.africa-energy.com)

North Africa
Gas dominates despite renewables plans

North African states’ ambitious generation expansion plans are dominated by gas but large scale renewables
schemes are playing a growing role as governments build new capacity to meet rapidly growing demand
D
riven by political motives, which sometimes appear to its kind in the world. Remarkably this is only the start of the
trump mere commercial considerations, North African country’s ambition. According to African Energy Live Data,
states are adding, or attempting to add, huge amounts of there are a further 1.4GW of solar projects in the pipeline, and
generation capacity to their grids. While renewable energy within the next two years Egypt will double the size of its total
programmes are at various stages of development in Morocco, wind generation capacity from 750MW to 1,450MW with
Algeria and Egypt, the size of procurement programmes for gas- 3,360MW of planned projects in the pipeline. Looking further
fired generation means that fossil fuels will dominate the energy into the future, planning is at an advanced stage for 4GW of
mix for the foreseeable future. nuclear, 6GW of coal and 2.4GW of pumped storage, although
Morocco is exceptional in that its total pipeline of renewables none of this is expected to be commissioned before 2025.
projects at just under 5GW matches the size of the expected As Egypt has already overcome the deficit which caused major
expansion of its gas-fired capacity. Elsewhere in the region, outages in 2013 and 2014, this extra power assumes economic
natural gas dominates not just existing capacity, but also current growth will be stimulated by the development of the Suez Canal
procurement, even where there are quite large renewables Economic Zone. The availability of plentiful cheap power (and
programmes. The kingdom has long been a global pioneer in labour) is a major part of the zone’s attraction. Continued state-
renewables and has led the way in Africa with some of the directed large-scale power procurement may therefore be
largest wind farms on the continent, including 200MW of wind intended to act as a kind of self-fulfilling prophecy where the
generation at Nareva Holding’s Aftissat project, which by end- additional power supply creates its own demand.
2018 will sell power to industrial customers around Boujdour.
Some of Egypt’s extra power could be exported to Saudi Arabia,
In 2018, the addition of more than 500MW of capacity at
Jordan and Libya. The government has even signed an accord to
subsequent phases of the Noor Ouarzazate project will create
build an undersea connection to Cyprus and Greece. Libya could
the world’s largest concentrated solar power (CSP) farm.
certainly use the additional capacity. Since the 2011 anti-Qadhafi
However, the project attracting the attention of the world’s revolution its generation, transmission and distribution
largest engineering and construction companies is Morocco’s infrastructure has been progressively weakened by conflict,
proposed integrated regasification and gas-to-power scheme, sabotage, theft and lack of maintenance. Projects to build additional
which in its original form was supposed to guarantee gas capacity have foundered from a lack of security and money.
imports and 2.4GW of related power generation at Jorf Lasfar
In April 2018 it appeared that some of these problems might be
and Dhar Doum by 2021, when agreements governing supply
overcome. South Korean companies Daewoo and Hyundai, and
of Algerian gas via the Maghreb-Europe pipeline (GME) come
Turkey’s Enka Teknik, which had withdrawn their staff from
to an end.The gas may now be provided from domestic sources.
projects at Zuweitina,Tripoli West and Awbari following attacks
This is an opportunity for Morocco to free its power generation
on the projects, discussed the conditions for their return with
and industry from dependence on feedstock from its neighbour
General Electricity Company of Libya (Gecol). However levels
and rival – a geopolitical imperative as much as a commercial
of security are still far from sufficient to assure their return. In
decision to diversify gas supply sources.
early 2018, Gecol also agreed contracts with Siemens to build
Algeria’s Sonelgaz is in the midst of a massive programme of gas- power plants at Tripoli and Misratah and with Greece’s Metka
fired power plant construction. Six combined cycle projects using for a plant at Tobruk, but it is highly doubtful that the financing
GE turbines in the provinces of Djelfa, Jijel, Mostaghanem, is in place, as continued tension between Tripoli-based
Khenchela and Naâma will be fully commissioned in 2019 and institutions and the Cyrenaica-based Libyan National Army
2020, adding 8GW of capacity to the grid. This adds to a makes future oil export earnings uncertain.
generation park already heavily weighted towards gas. By contrast
the renewables programme has, to date, been relatively puny. Just NORTH AFRICAÕS ENERGY MIX, 2017
over 500MW of wind and solar is already operating. The Total: 91,001MW Hydroelectric 4,866MW 5.4%
Solar 577MW 0.6%
government has announced plans to tender for construction of Renewables Wind 2,562MW 2.8%
4GW of solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity, but although the tender Natural gas 36,413MW Biomass 1MW 0.001%
40.0%
framework was announced in 2017, progress has stalled since then, Hybrid 197MW 0.2%
probably for political reasons. Nuclear 30MW 0.03%
Other thermal 500MW
Egypt’s power sector has undergone the most dramatic 0.6%
Coal 2,525MW 2.8%
transformation of any in North Africa, or perhaps the continent.
Gas & liquid fuels 37,880MW
Three massive combined cycle gas plants using Siemens turbines 41.6%
are due for completion by end-2018 adding 14.4GW to the
grid. By mid-2019 most of the 1.3GW Benban solar PV farm
Liquid fuels 5,449MW 6.0% Source: African Energy Live Data
will have been commissioned, making it the largest facility of © African Energy 2018 (www.africa-energy.com)

SPAIN Tarifa Gibraltar (UK)
L f Gibraltar MEDITERRANEAN
Strait o Alborn (Sp.)
Canary Is. W PLATINUM POWER TANGIER I W Ceuta (Sp.) SEA
G 1 3 TangerMed
(Spain) CIMENTS L W TISKRAD TANGIER II W Tangier W 4 W W AL-KOUDIA AL-BAIDA
DU MAROC W W VOLTALIA I W
YNNA BIO POWER W 2
FOUM W W VOLTALIA II W G W Ttouan
AL-OUED S NOOR LAåYOUNE 5 IFAHSA (STEP) Al- Melilla (Sp.)
TAHADDART GG
Boujdour El Ayoun H H TALAMBOT Hoceima Sidi Ali
NOOR BOUJDOUR S (Layoune) TANGIER Ð TTOUAN Ð C Ghazouet Boussidi
W OUED EL AL-HOCEIMA Nador
AT L A N T I C EL AYOUN Ð MAKHAZINE Beni Tlemcen
Former Spanish Sahara DHAR DOUM H BOUAREG H
SAKIA Hadifa
Planned
AFTISSAT W Ouezzane Oujda
OCEAN EL HAMRA under UN mandate pending (INTEGRATED LNG MOHAMMED V H
Operating
final decolonisation; & GTP PROJECT) G
Western sovereignty contested H AL-WAHDA H ASFALOU Bourdim
Construction
Seb G
o H BAB OUENDER
u
Sahara between Morocco and Jerada
Capacity (MW)
Dakhla Polisario Front. Be Sidi Taza Msoun Gteter NOOR ATLAS
(under UN th Kacem TAZA
L IDRESS I CC X S GAZODUC PEDRO DURAN
mandate) Knitra L L G W
H FARRELL (GPDF) /
PLATINUM POWER W EL Fs 6 Matmata
FUTURE GAS KANSERA AIN BENI GAZODUC MAGHREB
DAKHLA Ð
uya
PIPELINE? RABAT H Mekns H 7 Debdou MATHAR EUROPE (GME)
OUED ED Ð DAHAB M A U R I TA N I A H FROM HASSI RÕMEL
RABAT Ð SAL Ð (gas-solar)
Mohammedia G L C Oualili H 8
Moulo
KNITRA H 9H NOOR
Casablanca G TIT MELLIL OULJET ATLAS O R I E N TA L
150kV
INTEGRATED W
ES SOLTANE FéS Ð MEKNéS S Outat El Haj
AIRPORT NOOR ATLAS
0 Km 200 S
ALGERIA
2,158
8,458
LNG & GTP El Jadida Mediouna
13,489
Lagouira PROJECT Enjil
Morocco
0 Miles 100 CASABLANCA Ð M O R O C C O S Tendrara
OCP H NOOR
SETTAT Missour TAFILALET III
AFRICAN ENERGY ATLAS • 2018/2019 EDITION

n Jorf Lasfar G C t 10
tio Khouribga HASSAN II
Ou
g DAOURAT H
11 Khnifra
m
tin ruc ed 12 H H
OULED GHANEM W
er
p
O C
era onst lann
P
BENI MELLAL Ð H H Midelt Bourfa
R
OUALIDIA W W H 13
15
IMFOUT H bi
a S
KASBA 14 S WW
0k
H
V
G G G Natural gas ZIDANIA Beni
kV
ATLANTIC H 15 KHNIFRA 18 19 20 21 Figuig
AL-MASSIRA H Tajjite
150
L L L Liquid fuels Safi C W Chemaia Beni H NOOR
ATLAS
Source: African Energy Live Data, July 2018. www.africa-energy.com/database

OCEAN 16 Mellal BOUTFERDA
H S
2 2 2 Gas & liquid fuels H H BIN EL OUIDANE NOOR ATLAS S 1 HAOUMA 14 AHMED EL
El
Ab17 H TILOUGGUIT AMONT Er Rachidia HANSALI
MARRAKECH Ð V id Boudnib Bouanane 2 KHALLADI
0
C C C Coal 0k H TILOUGGUIT AVAL 3 Fardioua 15 AìT MESSAOUD
662
591
Tens SAFI 15
ift H HASSAN I
JBEL NOOR 4 Mellousa 16 AFOURER (STEP)
t t t Thermal unknown AMOUGDOUL W W LAHDID H
MOULAY TAFILALET II 5 LAFARGE 17 AFOURER
Mauritania
Marrakech YOUSSEF Tinghir S
YNNA BIO POWER W 6 ALLAL EL FASSI 18 NOOR MIDELT
I
IV SP
II P
X X X Hybrid Essaouira Erfoud
INNOVENT W Chichaoua 7 VOLTALIA I CSP & PV
OR III C
O
NOOR CSP
NO
N OR CS
NO OR
PLATINUM POWER W 8 MÕDEZ EL MENZEL PHASE I
H H H Hydroelectric LALLA H D R å A Ð TA F I L A L E T (STEP) 19 NOOR MIDELT
Bir Lhar TAKERKOUST
S S S S
9 VOLTALIA II CSP & PV
S S S Solar (photovoltaic, Ouarzazate 10 TANAFNIT EL BORJ PHASE II
except where marked CSP) H MANSOUR ED DAHBI KHNIFRA COMPLEX: 20 MIDELT
H
ABDELMOUMEN 11 IMEZDILFANE 21 MIDELT
W W W Wind (STEP)
Dr 12 TAJEMOUT PLATINUM
Agdz a 13 TASKDERT
Biomass Agadir Taroundannt Tazenakht NOOR
S TAFILALET I
© African Energy 2018 (www.africa-energy.com)
400kV power line Zagora
225kV power line SOUSSÐMASSA ALGERIA
S NOOR ATLAS Boujdour
N
60kV power line Tafraoute

A
Tiznit Tata
E
Morocco & Bir Moghrein

C
Algerian-Moroccan Western
Western Sahara: Mauritania:
O
Sidi Ifni border not ratified Sahara

IC
NOOR S south of Figuig. (under UN

T
1,000MW + 500MW + ATLAS mandate)

N
Population
Bouizakarne
LA
500 Ð 999MW 100 Ð 499MW Guelmim

T
L SNIM GUELB EL RHEIN
% with access
Zouerate
A
Canary Is .
100 Ð 499MW 10 Ð 99MW A L G ER I A L SNIM 1 Bogu MALI
(Spain) NOOR TASIAST
Those with access

ATLAS L SNIM 2 Babab
Assa SNIM L GOLD MINE
4 Ð 99MW 1 Ð 9MW L S 3 FOUM GLEITA
(liquid fuel-solar) X 4 AFTOUT AL-CHARGUI
Access to electricity*
ONEE PV development programme Nouadhibou W S
Tan Tan Dra LL L S (liquid fuel-solar)
AKHFENNIR STAGE 1: Noor Tafilalet 75-100MW BOULENOIR Chinguetti
I II GUELMIM Ð OUED NOUN S L Atar
STAGE 2: Noor Atlas 200MW L S
ARAFAT I L Chmi
W W Zag STAGE 3: Noor Argana 200-225MW Akjoujt GUELB MOGHREIN COPPER MINE
t W L ARAFAT II L
(locations to be determined)
* 2016, millions. Source: SEforALL, IMF

Tarfaya EMPOWER L MAURITANIA
100
34.5
34.5
CSP: concentrated solar power GAMESA W NOUAKCHOTT Tidjikja
W PLATINUM POWER GTP: gas-to-power
Morocco
KSAR L Boutilimit
G W TISKRAD LNG: liquefied natural gas L S 33 (liquid fuels-solar)
W es ter n S ahar a MPEM S BANDA 2 kV
CIMENTS L W VOLTALIA I STEP: station de transfert dÕnergie Aleg L X L S L
DU MAROC W SH. ZAYED S Rosso
33kV L L
k V
W VOLTALIA II (under UN mandate) par pompage (pumped storage) Kadi 3 4 Kiffa Aoun 33 Nma
FOUM W S NOOR LAåYOUNE WARTSILA L X
kV
Dagana 1 2 Tintane Timbdra

AL-OUED
S
90
1.6
3.8
E L AY O U N Ð S A K I A E L H A M R A WHARF L 90kV
41.7
n
El Ayoun 0 Kilometres 200

g
S Matam al L
(Layoune) Smara
Mauritania
0 Miles 100 SENEGAL 0 Kilometres 400
23
Morocco, Mauritania
DAKAR MAL I
Slibaby
Kayes 0 Miles 200
PORT. TO SARDINIA
24
S PA I N M ED ITER R AN EAN S EA
11 12 13 Ras Djinet Annaba
G S 34 35 36
S In L G G G 17 18 32 33 Koudiet
Reggane Salah Illizi Almera G ORAN E G G G G
Eddraouch
ALGIERS G Tizi- G G G
L IB YA G ORAN LAMINOIR Ouzou Bejaa25 26 Skikda El Hadjar 90kV
SKH 10 14
G RAVIN BLANC E 7 8 9 GG G 23 G H H Jijel Jendouba
Hadjret Ennouss Larba
A L G E R I A L S Oran Marsat G G G G G 16 Bouira 24 H H 27 Constantine Cheffia
HV
Ech Chlif El Khemis Blida 15 22 Stif 31
Algeria
Djanet El Hadjadj 5 S
DC
Oued Sly 19 H G SKB 21 S
G
G El Hassi El Aouinet Tajerouine
Idels G Berrouaghia
Arzew 4 Mostaganem 28 An 90kV
3
Planned
1 2 G G6 MÕSila
G
2 S X (gas-solar) 30 G Beda
Operating
Terga G Hassi
G
Relizane Boughezoul 29
Tamanrasset G O. El Abtal N 20 G Batna
Ameur Bou
Construction
Beni Saf G
Ghazouet G An Sada G Tbessa
L Sidi Bel Abbs Tiaret Oussara
Bordj KHENCHELA
Plants/projects
Mokhtar Sidi Ali Boussidi DJELFA Biskra
NIGE R Oujda Tlemcen Sada MÕSILA Djebel Onk
Tin S S (AìN EL MELH)
Zaouatine An Deheb Djelfa 150kV
MALI Bourdim SIDI BEL ABBéS I G II GG LABREG
In L S SAìDA DJELFA Metlaoui
0 Km 200 (TLAGH) (AìN SEKHOUNA) S
Guezzam (AìN EL IBEL) OUMACHE
Aflou Meghar
0 Miles 100
TUNISIA
n Laghouat
tio Mecheria El Bayadh HASSI RÕMEL
ing uc d G
322
erat nstr nne LAGHOUAT S G
10,837
20,500
(EL KHENEG)
G NAåMA II
Op Co Pla MOROCCO X HASSI RÕMEL (gas-solar)
El Oued
G G G Natural gas G S Nama TILGHEMT I
EL BAYADH Tilghemt G Touggourt
Capacity (MW)
An S (EL ABIOD G TILGHEMT III
L L L Liquid fuels SIDI CHEIKH) Hassi RÕMel
1,000MW + Sefra G TILGHEMT II OUARGLA
2 2 2 Gas & liquid fuels G (HDJIRET) S
500 Ð 999MW Ghardaa
N N N Nuclear
100 Ð 499MW G
Haoud El Hamra
X X X Hybrid Ouargla
4 Ð 99MW G G
H H H Hydroelectric Bchar Hassi Messaoud
G N BIR REBAA N
G S S
S S S Solar photovoltaic G
GW Hassi Berkine
W W W Wind 1 TERGA
2 BOUTLTIS
400kV power line 2 El Mnia 3 KAHRAMA
(El Gola) 4 MARSAT EL HADJADJ Gassi Touil L
220kV power line L 5 MOSTAGANEM
Beni Abbs Deb Deb Ghadames
6 RELIZANE
90/150kV power line A L G E R I A 7 AHMAR EL AìN MOBILE
8 BENI MERED
L 9 BOUFARIK Rhourde Nouss
Tabelbala Kerzaz L MÕGuiden
G 10 BARAKI MOBILE
Talmine Timimoun 11 ALGIERS PORT
Source: African Energy Live Data, July 2018. Search for a power plant or project at www.africa-energy.com/database
L 12 EL HAMMA
Oum Lassel 13 SABLETTE MOBILE
14 BAB EZZOUAR
G W 15 LARBAå
TINDOUF WILAYA: Kabertene 16 MFG LARBAå L
L I B YA
L L L 17 RAS DJINET L
L S In Amnas
I II III 18 RAS DJINET I Bordj
Tindouf CENTRAL DE SITE G G S 19 GHRIB Omar Driss
Adrar 20 ES-SALAAM
21 CONDOR BORDJ BOU ARRRIDJ
22 AìN ARNAT
ZAOUIET G S G S 23 AMIZOUR MOBILE
KOUNTA 24 IGHIL EMDA
S In Salah
25 DARGUINA
S Aoulef 26 MANSOURIA
27 ERRAGUéN L
Reggane
Population
28 BRANDT STIF Illizi
29 AìN DJASSER
% with access
30 FÕKIRINA
31 SOUK AHRAS (OUED EL KEBRIT)
Those with access
Source: SEforALL, IMF

32 JIJEL
33 JIJEL I (BELLARA)
M A U R I TA N I A 34 SKIKDA
35 SKIKDA SKS Bordj
36 ANNABA PORT El Haoues
L S
99.4
40.5
40.8
Djanet
MALI
0 Kilometres 300
Access to electricity (2016, millions)

© African Energy 2018
(www.africa-energy.com) 0 Miles 150

Tunisia
La Galite TO
SICILY
ME D IT E R R AN E AN
Bizerte
Cap Serrat Menzel Jemil SE A
2 W KCHABTA ële
Menzel Bourguiba W MTLINE Golfe de Zembra
Sidi El Barrak Cap Bon
Dam B I Z E R T E MATEUR Kalaat El Tunis
Andalous SIDI DAOUD W El Haouaria D
Tabarka Mateur 1 POULINA EL MAZRAA ELMENECTOR
Annaba El Kala Mnihla Gammarth CON
NEJMA HUILES INTER
G
El Hadjar BJA EL AROUSSIA TUNIS 2 2 La Goulette Kelibia Pantelleria
JENDOUBA
Bja Oued
Zarga
H 3 G
Mornaguia
G2
2 G G Rads
Menzel Temime (Italy)
BOUHERTMA
Cheffia H
Naassen II C 1 ARIANA
4 I NABEUL G
a
H
rd
e
FERNANA dj G 2 TUNIS
SIDI SALEM H Me SOTIPAPIER Korba 3 MANOUBA
Seybouse Jendouba Tboursouk Bir Mcherga TUNIS MEGRINE Ain Kmicha
S 4 BEN AROUS
Zaghouan Nabeul
El Fahs Hammamet
Souk Ahras NEBEUR H
Bou Ficha
ZAGHOUAN
El Kef Golfe de
Sil
e
Siliana Enfida
gu
Hammamet
ian
ll
KEF
a
Me
SILIANA Sbikha SOUSSE

El Aouinet Makthar Akouda
Tajerouine Ouesslatia Sahloul Sousse
ëles Kuriat
Msaken G Monastir
W Moknine
Kairouan MONASTIR
(Italy)
Thala Lampione
KAIROUAN Mahdia
Lampedusa
Tbessa Hajeb El Ayoun Ksour Essaf
MAHDIA
KASSERINE El Jem
G
Sbetla
Kasserine Sidi-
Bouzid
G
Feriana SIDI-BOUZID
T U N I S I A SFAX Sidi
Mansour
Djebel Onk
Sfax G SFAX
CARTHAGO CERAMIC G
BPG
TÕPAP SFAX 2
Meknassy Thyna ëles Kerkenah
BG HANNIBAL G G
GAFSA
A L G E R I A Gafsa Mahrs
Metlaoui Mdhila G
La Skhira
Go lfe de
Chott Gab s
El Gharsa AKARIT CSP
I II
S S S G 2 Houmt-
Tozeur aj Ghannouch
Nefta Chott El F
ej G Souk
Bouchemma Gabs ële de
Midoun
TOZEUR Chott Jerba G
GABéS ROBBANA
W TBAGA
El Jerid Kebili El Kantara
X EL BIBANE (gas-solar)
Douz Zarzis
S Mdenine MDENINE
TUNUR CSP KEBILI
n
g tio Ben
tin ruc ed
p era onst lann S
Guardane Abu
O C P Tataouine Kamash
G G G Natural gas
2 2 2 Gas & liquid fuels
X X X Hybrid
H H H Hydroelectric
S S S Solar (photovoltaic,
except where marked CSP) Remada
W W W Wind
TATAO UI NE
Biomass 500MW +
400kV power line 100 Ð 499MW

Dehiba L I B Y A
225 kV power line 10 Ð 99MW
Al-Ruweis
EL BORMA
X (gas-solar CSP)
90kV power line
0 Kilometres 100
0 Miles 50 CSP: concentrated solar power (www.africa-energy.com)
Plants/projects Capacity (MW) Access to electricity (2016, millions)

Operating 5,748 Population 11.4
Construction 0 Those with access 11.4
Planned 4,369 % with access 100
Source: African Energy Live Data, July 2018. Search for a power plant or project at www.africa-energy.com/database Source: SEforALL, IMF

Libya
TO SICILY
1 AN NUQAT AL-KHAMS
2 AZ-ZAWIYA
3 AL-JIFARAH
4 TRIPOLI
M E D I T E R R A N E A N S E A
C
HVD
5 AL-MARQAB Gabs
G TRIPOLI S
L TRIPOLI W
TUNISIA Abu G
TRIPOLI W GAS
Kamash Az-
Ben Guerdane L Zawiya G SIEMENS TRIPOLI W
Tataouine L
Sabratah G TRIPOLI 2 STEAM Susah
Al-Baida Darnah
Mellitah N
TAJOURA
2 I Al-
Khums L amlud L TOBRUK
a
AL-ZAHRA G 4 G II Al-Marj
Marawah At 2 MYTILINEOS
WESTERN 2
1 Al-Imdad 3 W 2 Tamimi Tobruk
AL-JAB
MOUNTAIN
MSALLATA
Tarhuna 5 2
Misratah BENGHAZI N G AL- Al-
2 Gharyan Mukhayli Marsa Al- Umm
G SIEMENS Benghazi MARJ
AL AL-AKHDAR
Az-Zintan Bani Al- Harigah Saad
Nalut Walid Benghazi S Adam 50
0k
Al-Ruweis Gulf of Sirte DARNAH V
Zamzam BENGHAZI Saloum
AL-KHALIJ
M I S R ATA H GG G Zawiyat
Masus
TO HASSI DAEWOO G
BERKINE Sirte
Zuweitina
Tr i p o l i t a n i a Sidra
Ajdabiya
NALUT Abu AL-
Daraj AL-JABAL Nujaym Ras Lanuf
Deb Marsa BUTNAN
Deb Ghadames AL-GHARBI SIRTE Al-Brega
Ash Al-Jaghbub
Shuwayrif
Al-Jufra S HOUN-JUFRA
Oasis Houn
GMMR1
Zillah A L - WA H AT
ALGERIA
Waha
WA D I A S H S H AT I
AL-JUFRA
EGYPT
Sarir
Birak SARIR 2
L I B Y A
L
Adiri
Semno
SABHA
C y r e n a i c a
Sabha
L
Awbari
GHAT W A D I A L - H AYAT
Tmassah
Al-
Uwaynat Taraghin
Murzuq
Tazirbu
Ghat
F e z z a n
MURZUQ
L
Tajarhi
Al-Kufra
AL-KUFRA
n
tio
ing uc d
e rat nstr nne
Op Co Pla 1,000MW +
Al-Uwaynat
G G G Natural gas
500 Ð 999MW
L L L Liquid fuels
100 Ð 499MW
10 Ð 99MW
N N N Nuclear
S S S Solar photovoltaic
W W W Wind
NIG ER
400kV power line C H A D
225kV power line
110kV power line
SUDAN
0 Kilometres 300
0 Miles 150 (www.africa-energy.com)
Plants/projects Capacity (MW) Access to electricity (2016, millions) Libya Egypt

Operating 10,819 Population 6.4 90.2
Construction 3,254 Those with access 6.3 90.2
Planned 3,354 % with access 98.5 100
Source: African Energy Live Data, July 2018. www.africa-energy.com/database Source: SEforALL, IMF

Egypt
n n 0 Kilometres 200
tio tio
ON
g g
tin ruc ed tin ruc ed
era onst lann era onst lann 1,000MW + 0 Miles 100
AN
p
O C P p
O C P
LEB
G G G Gas X X X Hybrid 500 Ð 999MW
SYRIA
L L L Liquid fuels H H H Hydroelectric 100 Ð 499MW
2 2 2 Gas & liquid fuels S S S Solar photovoltaic 10 Ð 99MW
M E D I T E R R A N E A N
C C C Coal W W W Wind S E A
N N N Nuclear 500kV power line
PALESTINE
ALX ALEXANDRIA KB QALYUBIA
225kV power line DK DAKHALIA KFS KAFR EL SHEIKH West
TO
TO DM DAMIETTA MNF MONUFIA Bank
BR
UK 110-150kV power line GH GHARBIA PTS PORT SAID
Saloum DM
Burullus Damietta Dead
2 Rosetta West Damietta Sea
Marsa Matruh Abu Qir KFS Port Said Gaza
El Dabaa
Alexandria Nile 2
ISRAEL
Emergency Power Boost
N Sidi Krir
Nubaria
D e l t a DK PTS El Arish
Tanta ASH Bir El Abd
Programme: 4,736MW
El Alamein GH SHARQIA Suez
Canal
JORDAN
Solar FiT Round I: 100MW ALX
Abu Ismailia
Solar FiT Round II: 1,320MW BEHEIRA MNF Zaabal ISMAILIA NORTH
ession
Depr KB Bitter Lakes SINAI
a ra
tt Bassous
CAIRO Badr S i n a i
a
Cairo 500
Q
Suez
Giza CAIRO Ain
Helwan SUEZ Moussa
Ain
Sokhna Taba Aqaba
(fuel oil-solar) GIZA
X MATRUH SOUTH 400kV
Siwa Faiyum Kureimat SINAI
BA
Siwa FAIYUM W
Oasis Beni Suef Zafarana Nuweiba
F AQA
GU
Sitra Oasis GIZA Abu Rudeis
G
x2
BENI SUEF SAUDI
LF
Maghagha
LF O
Dahab
ARABIA
O
L I B Y A
Bawiti WEST NILE S Samalut
F
GOLFO DE SUEZ W Ras Gharib
GU
Bahariya JICA WEST NILE W GULF OF SUEZ I W El Tur TO TABUK
Oasis Tiran
S
U
Minya Ras Shukheir Z
E
MINYA 2 2 288 Sanafir
2
Mallawi Eastern ITALGEN
GEBEL I
WW
Sharm El Sheikh
W Zeit Bay Ras
II III
Desert EL ZEIT: II W Mohammad
E G Y P T
ENGIE W
O O EL WALIDIA LEKELA W
H NEW ASYUT Hurghada
Asyut 500 Asyut G 2 S
Al-Farafra ASYUT
Farafra ASYUT MOBILE 2
28
HU
8
Oasis BANI GHALIB MOBILE 2
RG
N Safaga
HA
NEW ASYUT MOBILE 2 il
Abu Minqar BPI
D
O
A
W ASYUT G
x2
W e s t e r n D e s e r t C
e
Sohag SOHAG MOTOBAS I

2 G I El Hamrawein
EL WADI EL JADID Gerga NEW NAGA
(NEW VALLEY) H
HAMADI G II
Qena
El Quseir R E D
QENA S E A
Dakhla
Oasis
El Tartur
Armant G
Luxor
DAIRUT LUXOR
Mut El Kharga LUXOR
ISNA
H QENA
MEDITERRANEAN SEA RED SEA Marsa Alam
x2
BURULLUS Baltim WEST NEW BENBAN: Idfu

2 Lake G DAMIETTA
2 2
S INFINITY 50
S
ASWAN
L Burullus
Rosetta
2 Damietta Manzala S
ACCESS/TOTAL EREN
ACCIONA ENERGIA S
EDISON/QALAA G Idku Lake Benban Kom Ombo
EL ATF
N i l e Port Said
S ACWA POWER
Alexandria Abu
D e l t a G TALKHA S ALCAZAR
EL SEIUF 2 Qir 2 I II (NEW) 2 TALKHA 210 El Gamaliya Port Fouad S ALFANAR Aswan
2 2 S
2 2 G TALKHA 750 PORT SAID E EDF ENERGIES NOUVELLES H H ASWAN I, II
Kafr el Mahmoudia Baranis
Talkha 2 ENNERAY
H
S
ASWAN
RM Dawar
2
KA
2 2 S FAS ENERGY
O
Ameriya UZ Damanhur
NEW II El Mansoura Canal
Suez S INFINITY/IB VOGT HIGH DAM
I II III NEW I El Mahalla S SCATEC SOLAR
Etay Al-
Sidi Krir 2 2 2 Baroud El Kubra Sharqia El Qantara S
S
SP INFRA
TAQA ARABIA
Tanta
2 2 NUBARIA
2 NEW
SHABAB
S VOLTALIA
Shalateen
II Zifta Zagazig Ismailia ASWAN
I 2 SHABAB Toshka
Minuf ABU SULTAN Lakes TO
Wadi El Natrun Banha Lake HA
2 2 Gt. Bitter L
Sadat City Abu Lake S Nasser Halaib AI
B
Zaabal Toshka
I II SHOUBRA EL KHEIMA Little Triangle
GIZA N 2 Bitter
CAIRO W I EXT. (R) 2 2 2 CAIRO N Badr Suez Lake
CAIRO W II 2 2 500
Cairo 500
CAIRO G ATAKA 2
CAIRO E O Giza MTN PS H Bir Tawil
NEW
HELIOPOLIS O 2 I 2 G
II
Suez
S UDA N
EL BUSATEIN O CAIRO S CAPITAL ATAKA 2 2 2 C AL-NOWAIS PS: pumped storage © African Energy 2018
6 OCTOBER I
le
G WADI NW Suez Special II AYOUN (R): rehabilitation (www.africa-energy.com)

Ni
HOF Economic Zone MOUSSA

EL 2 2 HELWAN S Ain
Sokhna Ras Plants/projects Capacity (MW)
Lake Qarun TEBBIN Tebbin 500 2
Sidr
N il e
SUEZ GULF 2 Operating 43,482

Faiyum I II III
Construction 13,466
0 Kilometres 80 Demo
2 GGX (gas-solar)
0 Miles 40 Kureimat Planned 22,385

The Mediterranean Basin
Major North African 0 Kilometres 400

La Pallice UTCE
U
UTT CE
C UUni
n i on
o n for
f o r the
the
oil and gas deposits SWITZ.
0 Miles 200
BAY OF Le Verdon Lyon
Principal pipelines and strategic links Ambs
BISCAY St-tienne Feyzin S. Martino Di Trecate
between North Africa and Europe: Milan
Oil existing
MUGARDOS
Bordeaux FRANCE Turin
Oil future? BAHIA DE
BIZKAIA GAS
Sannazzaro
Ferrol El Musel
Gas existing Gijn Berre-lÕtang GenoaAvignon
La Spezia
Gas future? Avils Bilbao Bayonne Toulouse Savona
A Corua Montpellier MONACO Florence
Santander Panigaglia
Oil refinery (only major refineries in Nice FSRU
Europe are shown Ð Somorrostro Ste Marseille TOSCANA
future? over 50,000 b/d Vigo Livorno
L I G U R I A N Suvereto
Oil tanker terminal
LNG liquefaction plant
Lea da Palmeira Valladolid
ANDORRA Fos Tonkin Toulon SEA
Lucciana Piombino I
Fos Cavaou
and export terminal Porto Zaragoza Lavra Corsica
St-Louis Ajaccio
future?
P O RTUG A L SPAIN Barcelona SACOI
HVDC (1968)
LNG regasification plant
and import terminal MADRID Olbia SAPEI
Tarragona Fiume Santo HVDC (2010)
future? Porto Torres
Castelln de la Plana Codrongianos
Sagunto Minorca
Mediterranean Basin LISBON Majorca Sardinia
international electricity
Valencia Palma s
interconnection projects Stubal COMETA
a nd
Isl
(WITH DATES) Puertollano HVDC GALSI
Ibiza 1,500km Algeria-Italy Porto Cagliari
(2012)
a ric Vesme
B ale
under construction / 8 bcm/yr gas pipeline, Sarroch
planned Sines development currently P o rto Botte
Crdoba Alicante stalled
Seville Murcia SKIKDA LNG TERMINAL ELMED
Mediterranean power systems Faro Algeria-Italy Tunisia-Italy
GL1-K + mega train: 6.0 bcm/yr HVDC (proposed)
are shown by different land colours. Huelva GL2-K: 2 trains, 3.0 bcm/yr Future HVDC
Granada Cartagena GL1-K, GL2-K
Malta, Cyprus, Israel and Palestine
National Authority Region are not Mlaga Almera Bizerte
connected to any other electrical GL1-Z, GL2-Z, ALGIERS Koudiet El
San Roque Algeria-Spain GASSI TOUIL (GL3-Z) Skikda Draouche Haouaria
network in the Mediterranean Basin. Algeciras Gibraltar MEDGAZ HVDC Bejaa
210km subsea El
(UK) (proposed) Hadjar
Tangier gas pipeline
Ceuta (Sp.) with Constantine TUNIS
400kV (1996, 2007)
8 bcm/yr Oran Arzew / Bethioua 90kV (1952)
ATLANTI C Future 400kV
capacity
Terga GK
3 90kV (1955)
225kV (1980) Sousse
Melilla Tiaret Batna 150kV (1984)
OCEAN (Sp.)
Oujda
Beni Saf
ARZEW LNG TERMINAL
Oued
Saf-Saf 400kV (2011)
Knitra GL1-Z: 6 trains, 10.6 bcm/yr
GL2-Z: 6 trains, 10.7 bcm/yr Biskra
RABAT Fs 225kV x2 Sfax Gulf of
Mohammedia (1988, 1992) GL3-Z: 1 train, 6.3 bcm/yr
Mekns 400kV x2 Gabs
Jorf Lasfar La Skhira
Casablanca (2009, 2010)
TUNI S I A Ghannouch
MOROCCO
Safi GAZODUC PEDRO
DURAN FARRELL (GPDF) /
Hassi RÕMel
GAZODUC MAGHREB (gas) NAWARA / 220kV x2
EUROPE (GME) SOUTH TUNISIAN (2003)
Marrakech 1,450km, 12.7 bcm/yr pipeline Hassi GAS PROJECT
Future
from Hassi RÕMel to Crdoba, Messaoud (STGP)
400kV
where it links with the Spanish (oil)
N
and Portuguese grids. Morocco
YA
SWMB does not intend to renew its ENRICO MATTEI / Haoud El Hamra
LIB
Agadir agreement with Algeria when it TRANS-MEDITERRANEAN
RN
expires in 2021. (TRANSMED)
Berkine
South Western
TE
33.5 bcm/yr gas pipeline runs
Basin
ES
550km from Hassi RÕMel to Oued
Saf-Saf and then to Sicily via Cap Gassi Touil
(W
Bon, Tunisia. Continues to northern (gas)
Mediterranean
GP
Italy and Slovenia.
WL
Rhourd Ghadames
ALGERIA
Nouss
Block Ohanet Alrar
Basin
Al-Wafa
Irharen Tin Fouye In Amnas
Touat Illizi
SBAA Teguentor
B a s i n Zarzaitine
Western Adrar An Tsila La
Sahara In Salah
Recule
Reggane
(under UN
Basin Ahnet
mandate)
Basin
M A U R I TA N I A
FLNG: floating liquefied OIL EXPORTS FROM NATURAL GAS EXPORTS FROM
natural gas NORTH AFRICA TO EUROPE NORTH AFRICA TO EUROPE
FSRU: floating storage Million tonnes (crude and refined)* Billion cubic metres*
and regasification unit
*excludes Turkey MALI 100 80
Source for export charts:
BP Statistical Review 80
of World Energy 60
© African Energy 2018 LNG
(www.africa-energy.com) 60
40
40
Capacity (MW) North Africa
20 Pipeline
Operating 89,007 20
Construction 29,716
0 0
Planned 43,919 2000 03 05 07 09 11 13 15 17 2000 03 05 07 09 11 13 15 17

Section
Co-
C
Co-o
Co-or
o -or
- orrdi
-o d
dii na
n
nati
atit Aon
ti o of
o Tr
T ans
a m i s s i on o
an
ansm
ansmi
ansmis
ansmiss
ansmissi
ansmissio
ansmission of E lect
l ectrricity
le
lec r i ci ty
ri
ric
rici
ricit MOL. UKRAINE RUSSIAN
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Koper Rijeka
ADRIATIC Pitesti Ploiesti
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Craiova BUCHAREST
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Zadar HERZEGOVINA
SER B I A Danube
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Split SARAJEVO Nis
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FROM AZERBAIJAN
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Marmara Adapazari
Latina Bari P) Ereglisi Sea of
ALBANIA IC (
TA
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Corfu AEGEAN
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IONIAN
Levkas
Euboea Aliaga
Izmir
Block Potential future hub for
Caspian/Iraq gaslines
SEA CORINTH Aliveri Chios Konya 400kV
(2003)
Palermo Milazzo Cephalonia ATHENS Denizli
Patra Kilis
Term. Imerese Agios
Partanna
Zante Theodori Lavrio Mersin
Antalya
Mazaro
del Vallo
Sic ily Catania Peloponnese Naxos
FSRU
Iskenderun Aleppo
Augusta Piraeus
Pantelleria Gela C h Priolo Gargallo FSRU
Latakia
(It.) i aram SYRIA
onte Gulfi Revithoussa
Porto Rhodes Hama
Empedocle FSRU
Megara Vasilikos NICOSIA Baniyas
230kV (1972)
Linosa Karpathos Future hub for Israel and
(It.) VALLETTA Tartus
M E
Cyprus natural gas exports
MALTA Homs
D I T
EAST MED CLOSED Tripoli
Lampedusa
GREENSTREAM Crete
PIPELINE CYPRUS FSRU AGP
(It.) BEIRUT
E R R 400kV
)
(Part of the WLGP).

T
JEC
540km Libya-Sicily subsea

A N E A SEGAS LNG TERMINAL
6.9 bcm/yr liquefaction plant at
Sidon CLOSED (2010)
N LEBANON DAMASCUS
pipeline with a capacity of 11 bcm/yr,
O
S E A
PR
but currently taking a lot less. Damietta; no exports since 2013 Ð

both SEGAS and ELNG have Aphrodite (gas) 400kV
S
Libya-Italy HVDC Haifa

GA
potential to act as hubs for (2001)

(proposed) Zohr
ELNG TERMINAL
Cypriot and Israeli gas
(gas) ISRAEL Irbid
Mellitah
10 bcm/yr liquefaction plant JERUSALEM
TRIPOLI at Idku (two trains of 5 each);
ff s h
o re Ni l
e Ashdod
Al-Khums no exports since 2013 Ashkelon
W AMMAN
O Nile
Misratah
Marsa Al-Harigah
Delta G ZARQA
Damietta
G
Az-Zawiya
G U L F O F Benghazi Port Said
EM
Tobruk El Hamra Idku 2007
El Arish
SIRTE Marsa Matruh
Alexandria
AR ELI
PI JORDAN
MARSA AL-BREGA
Ismailia Eilat
P
Sirte LNG TERMINAL Sidi AMERIYA Tanta AB NE

Zuweitina Krir SUM Suez GA
Not operational for more Western ED CAIRO Canal
S
than a decade Ð full Desert
Sidra replacement needed Suez
220kV (1998) Giza Aqaba
CLOSED future upgrade Taba
Marsa Al-Brega to 400~500kV
Ain Sokhna Submarine
Ras Lanuf 400kV
(1998) cables
Mabruk AIN SOKHNA TERMINAL FSRU
El Hamra Nafoora- The five-year contract for BW GroupÕs BW SINGAPORE Wadi SAU D I
Jofra Amal Augila
7.75 bcm/yr floating regasification Feiran AR AB IA
UPPERIPELINE
GAS P
Ragusa Bu Attifel unit is scheduled to expire in 2020. Ras Gharib Gulf of Suez
Aswad Intisar
Sirte Nakhla Ras Shukheir
EGYPT
Basin Zeit Bay

SEMB Samah
Waha;
Asyut
Sarir Palestine:
NDefa G Gaza
LIBYA S o u t h E a s t e r n EGYPT
i W West Bank
le
Sabha Qena
El Sharara Mediterranean Block Luxor
RED
SEA
Murzuq
Basin OFFSHORE GAS
Murzuq Egypt, Israel and Cyprus CYPRUS Turkish
Republic of
FSRU
Northern
0 Km 100 Akrotiri Sovereign Cyprus
Vasilikos
0 Miles 50
Base Area (UK) (unrecognised) Aswan
Dhekelia Aswan High Dam
A MAJOR GAS PROVINCE IN Sovereign
THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN Base Area Al-Kufra
(UK)
Competing proposals for
pipeline and export options LEBANON Lake
Nasser
LEVIATHAN Halaib
MEDITERRANEAN APHRODITE 21tcf Triangle
5tcf
SEA TAMAR
ZOHR 10tcf
30tcf Haifa
DALIT
NIGER WEST DELTA DOLPHIN
SUDAN
DEEP MARINE
WEST (WDDM) TENNIN TAALAB HADERA GATEWAY
MEDITERRANEAN SALAMAT
DEEPWATER Tel Aviv-Yafo
(WMD) SATIS HAPY NOA
W
ROSETTA TEMSAH Ashdod North Africa* – access to electricity (2016, millions)
ABU
QIR NOURAS
RAHAMAT
BALTIM
NOTUS
GAZA
MARINE G Ashkelon
Population 183.2
PORT FAOUD
Abu Qir SEGAS Port Said Those with access 182.9
ELNG ISRAEL % with access
Alexandria EGYPT El Arish 99.8
*Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia

Sub-Saharan Africa
Changing the energy business model in

sub-Saharan Africa
Access to power south of the Sahara has seen a lot of progress in terms of more generation, more grid
connections and the rapid growth of off-grid. But levels of access remain low because expansion is consistently
outpaced by demographics
T
he global campaign to provide vulnerable and energy mix – technology advances mean cleaner projects, and
marginalised communities with access to sustainable and coal schemes tend to have impacts along a full value chain from
affordable cleaner energy has gained considerable mining the feedstock to using residue to make fertiliser. South
momentum in the past decade. The Africa-EU Energy Africa needs coal as a major employer as well as an indispensable
Partnership’s (AEEP) political target of giving electricity access source of baseload, while Kenya’s leadership seems committed
to 100m more Africans by 2020, set in 2010, was exceeded by to installing 1.05GW at Lamu, and other projects are being
mid-decade. The United Nations’ Sustainable Energy for All developed from Morocco to Madagascar.
(SEforALL) initiative should achieve its target of pulling 1bn
Countries with big gas projects such as Senegal, Mauritania and
people worldwide out of energy poverty by 2030; some 500m
Mozambique are seeing strong investor interest in domestic
of these live in sub-Saharan Africa.
supply obligation schemes for power plants and other
The UN’s Sustainable Development Goals, established in downstream applications.
September 2015, commit the global community to ensuring
And new generation capacity and new connections have turned
access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy by
the spotlight on the shortcomings of transmission infrastructure,
2030. For all the progress expected towards meeting this target, which is now attracting much more attention from major
the end result is likely to remain elusive, both in terms of multilateral donors. There is finally some progress on long-
providing secure grid and off-grid (distributed) electricity and mooted interconnection projects like the Zambia-
in giving access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking. Tanzania-Kenya interconnector, which will eventually link the
Demographics, as much as the mobilisation of finance and Southern African Power Pool with the nascent Eastern Africa
application of appropriate technologies, is a critical variable in Power Pool. In West Africa, Nigeria, Benin, Niger, Ghana,
making these calculations: SEforALL data show an estimated Senegal and Côte d’Ivoire trade electricity on a bilateral basis,
nearly 97m more Africans gained access in 2010-14 alone, but and members of the Economic Community of West African
during that period the continent’s population increased by more States are in the process of formalising a framework aimed at
than 110m. Data for the increase in access to clean fuels and creating a standardised electricity trading market across the
technologies for cooking are alarming: only around 31m more region.
Africans gained access in 2010-14, according to SEforALL,
while some 850m people remain without access to clean Increased generation capacity is a key element in countries’
cooking in sub-Saharan Africa, out of 2.3m worldwide. industrialisation plans and embedded power schemes are
growing rapidly in South Africa and elsewhere, highlighting the
Energy services improving shortcomings of the traditional state utility model. Almost all
sub-Saharan power utilities are bankrupt, and the growth of off-
The good news is that services are improving across sub-
grid and other private renewables projects is exacerbating the
Saharan Africa, in terms of grid connections, volumes of
problem by eroding potential profits while leaving the utility
electricity generated and the increased application of affordable
to manage ageing thermal plants and inadequate transmission
renewable energy and distributed technologies. Over the last
infrastructure. Cost reflective tariffs alone will not solve the
five years, renewables, off-grid and mini-grid systems have
problem, and a new model of state utility will have to emerge.
started to gain ground in Africa – where renewable energy has
provided 34% of new connections since 2012, and off-grid and
mini-grid systems 6% – and this shift is expected to accelerate. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAÕS ENERGY MIX, 2017
By 2030, renewable energy is expected to power over 60% of Total: 121,028MW
Natural gas 15,185MW 12.5%
new access, in a fast-changing environment where off-grid and
mini-grid systems provide the means for almost half of new
access, underpinned by new business models using the latest Liquid fuels Solar 2,291MW 1.9%
15,927MW 13.2% Renewables Wind 2,564MW 2.1%
digital and mobile technologies.
Other 1,822MW 1.5%
(Geothermal 660MW,
Renewables are taking off faster than many would have Wave/tidal 0.4MW,
Gas & liquid fuels Biomass 1,162MW)
expected, attracting plenty of finance, but also benefiting from 5,455MW 4.5%
Hybrid 671MW 0.6%
political support. A solar project is much quicker to install than
Nuclear 1,800MW 1.5%
a traditional thermal plant, enabling hard-pressed politicians to Other thermal 1,045MW
deliver on promises in time for the next election cycle. Yet at 0.9%
Coal 44,693MW 36.9%
the same time coal remains a key element in many countries’ Source: African Energy Live Data © African Energy 2018 (www.africa-energy.com)

Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde
TO NOUAKCHOTT n n
M A U R I TA N I A g t io g ti o
SENSOL p era onst lann p era onst lann
Podor O C P O C P
Rosso S Ndioum
S S G G G Natural gas X X X Hybrid
Kheun Richard Dagana SENERGY II Tardji n
Toll L L L Liquid fuels H H H Hydroelectric
ATLANTIC
ga
CSS
S T- L O U I S
l
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OCEAN Diama Bthio liquid fuels
W W W Wind
St-Louis ar Sarr
MBOYE r Mom Dondou C C C Coal
W Keu Biomass
GANTOUR W Sakal
(Barale) Ferlo 225kV power line
CHEIKH ANTA DIOP Matam
Mbeulekh 90kV power line
(TEN MERINA) S Louga Ourossogui
SENERGY Ouarak LOUGA Dodji SENSOL S
Lower voltage
MOUANE Kanel
Kbmr Lingure power line
GRAND CïTE OPRATIONS Ranrou
2 Dahra Substation (inset)
ICS DAROU KHOUDOSS Barkdji
Mboro
C Af M ATA M
TAIBA NÕDIAYE W S Mkh Darou Mousti TO SLIBABY
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TOBéNE L L Tivaouane Til
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OM
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ru
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BISSAU L
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AGGREKO BISSAU L
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EMERGENCY PLAN L Pecixe BISSAU QUINARA Ko
G
BOR L SALTINHO
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TOMBALI Lab fin
Unhocomo Uracane Cati Ba
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Uno Bubaque
VG
Arquiplago Roxa
Orango Orangozinho
dos Bijags PS: pumped storage © African Energy 2018 (www.africa-energy.com)
0 Kilometres 150 Ribeira Grande 0 Kilometres 100
ëles Tristao Santo Anto
0 Miles 75 L 0 Miles 50
Porto Novo
Mindelo W CABEîLICA
So Vicente Santa Luzia X PALMEIRA (fuel oil-solar)
So Nicolau Sal
0 Kilometres 20 Bayakh DANGOTE CABEîLICA W L PALMEIRA
CEMENT
0 Miles 10 C This LAZARETO L L Tarrafal de L PONTA PRETA
Gudiawaye DAKAR Tinaba MATIOTA L So Nicolau
Aroport x2 1 Pout
MONTE GOA PS H
Pikine L
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Universit
x3 Hann
L 2 3
L L L L
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DSS CIMENTS DU CAPE VERDE Vista L SAL REI
BEL AIR 6 CC C SAHEL KIRéNE

DAKAR 7 S
DIASS THIéS GONALVES PS H
ATLANTIC OCEAN
Sindia MATO SANTO H
1 KOUNOUNE I RIBEIRA DOS PICOS H
Santiago
2 APR CAP DES BICHES Popenguine Tarrafal Santa Maio
SANTIAGO S
Cruz
3 CAP DES BICHES CENTRALE 3 Ngukhokh W CABEîLICA
4 CAP DES BICHES CENTRALE 4 Fogo L GAMBOA
5 CONTOURGLOBAL CAP DES BICHES MALICOUNDA
L PALMAREJO
6 SOCOCIM Ngaparou S L Brava L
So Felipe
PRAIA X PRAIA (liquid fuel-solar)
7 SENDOU Mbour L PRAIA
Capacity (MW) Senegal Guinea-Bissau Cape Verde Access to electricity* Senegal Guinea-B Cape Verde
Operating 1,249 37 234 Population 15.4 1.7 0.5
Construction 144 15 0 Those with access 9.9 0.2 0.5
Planned 785 192 70 % with access 64.5 14.7 92.7
Source: African Energy Live Data, July 2018. www.africa-energy.com/database *2016, millions. Source: SEforALL, IMF

Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia
OM TO TAMBACOUNDA
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SALONE POWER L WESTERN
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EASTERN H
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IN
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vall
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TO SAN-PDRO
225kV power line DUGBE

100 Ð 499MW H HUMMINGBIRD
161kV power line (Sierra Leone) Greenville
10 Ð 99MW
110kV power line (Guinea)
1 Ð 9MW TIBOTO
Power line 50kV or under H
Pleebo
0 Kilometres 200
CLSG: Cte dÕIvoireÐLiberiaÐSierra LeoneÐGuinea Harper
0 Miles 100
OMVG: Organisation pour la Mise en Valeur du Fleuve Gambie /
© African Energy 2018 (www.africa-energy.com) Organisation for the Development of the River Gambia
Capacity (MW) Guinea Sierra Leone Liberia Access to electricity* (2016, millions)
Operating 621 191 154 Population 24.3
Construction 500 8 1 Those with access 6.6
Planned 485 445 680 % with access 27.1
Source: African Energy Live Data, July 2018. Search for a power plant or project at www.africa-energy.com/database *Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia.

n
g tio
tin ruc ed 500MW +
p
O C
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P
L L L Liquid fuels 100 Ð 499MW L I B YA
10 Ð 99MW A L G ER I A
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t t t Thermal unknown 1 Ð 9MW
X X X Hybrid
Planned
Taoudenni
Operating
H H H Hydroelectric
Construction
S S S Solar (photovoltaic,
except where marked CSP)
Capacity (MW)
W W W Wind
Biomass
225kV power line TOMBOUCTOU Tessalit Sgudine
(330kV east of Ouagadougou)
150kV power line (Mali) AGADEZ
656
305
744
Mali
132kV (Burkina Faso, Niger) KIDAL
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2 GOUINA
Ba
TOGO B E N I N
l
3 BADOUMB White
Ferkessdougou Volta
4 GOURBASSI L KOMSILGA N I G E R I A
5 TABAKOTA GOLD MINE Black
SIERRA 6 MANANTALI Volta L KOSSODO
L OUAGADOUGOU I
7 MOUSSALA
Como
LEONE L OUAGADOUGOU II nue
8 BINDOUGOU
Population
CïTE Be
9 AGGREKO KATI Burkina Faso: GHANA S ZAGTOULI
10 AMIMER NERGIE KATI DÕI V O I R E 1 MANA GOLD MINE S OUAGADOUGOU I
% with access
11 KATI SOLAR Lac de 2 ZINA Lake S OUAGADOUGOU II
12 NOUMOUBOUGOU Kossou 3 TREVALI PERKOA ZINC MINE Volta
Those with access

13 KENI 4 NORDGOLD BISSA GOLD MINE
L OUAGADOUGOU HFO
B
*Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso

14 SOTUBA Lac de 5 DONSIN S SCATEC ZAGTOULI
an
15 SLINGU Buyo
Niger
6 SOMITA TAPARKO GOLD MINE
da
16 YANFOLILA GOLD MINE 7 BAGR CENTRAL
ma
17 MORILA GOLD MINE 8 ZANO
18 Syama gold mine AFRICAN
9 KOMPIENGA
19 MARKALA (SOSUMAR) REP.
20 MARKALA
CAMEROON
23.5
12.9
54.9
21 MOPTI-SVAR
a
ag 0 Kilometres 400
© African Energy 2018 San
Access to electricity* (2016, millions)

GULF OF GUINEA
(www.africa-energy.com) CSP: concentrated solar power 0 Miles 200
33
Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso
Côte d’Ivoire
© African Energy 2018 TO SIKASSO TO BOBO DIOULASSO

M A L I
Tengrla
BURKINA GHANA
SISSINGU L
GOLD MINE
FASO
H MORISANAKO
Niell
Sank
Black V

aran
go
i
Ba
SAVANES
Ouangolodougou
olta
TONGON L
GOLD MINE
DENGUL
S Ferkessdougou H THINI
Odienn Boundiali S SUCAF FERK I
Korhogo
Iringo
S Bouna
u
PORO REGION SUCAF
Kong
GUINEA FERK II
Com
Tafire Bole
o
c
a Blan
Borotou
Marahou
d am
Niakaramandougou
ZANZAN
B an
VALLE DU
Laboa WOROBA
BANDAMA Dabakala
SUCRIVOIRE
(Bandama
C ï T E D Õ I V O I R E
Touba BOROTOU
Sassandra
H Katiola
Ba
H
Mankono Bondoukou
Marabadiassa
Rou
fi n
Sgula H Srbou
g
g e)
KOUROUKORO
Nzrkor H Tanda
GAO S
Biankouma Boumi Bouak
SUCRIVOIRE
Yekepa ZUNOULA
CLSGECTION H DROU Lac de
Zunoula Kossou
Sakassou Mbahiakro
CONN
INTERPROJECT Man Vavoua
TO BUCHANAN
Danan
SASSANDRA-
H TAYABOUI KOSSOU LACS Daoukro Agnibilkrou
Bangolo MARAHOU

H YAMOUSSOUKRO
Nipou
M O N TA G N E S Daloa Bouafl KOTOBI

YAMOUSSOUKRO (solar-biomass)
Dukou
Dimbokro X Abengourou
Touleplou Sinfra BROU H
H TAHIBLI Guiglo
Lac de
Buyo Toumodi Bongouanou ATTAKRO GHANA
Issia KOKUMBO H COMO
Oum
Bia
Zagn H
Gagnoa Hire H TAABO
BUYO Adzop
TO PRESTEA
H SINGROBO-AHOUATY
Cav G Oû H - D J I B O U A Agboville

Como
al ly Tiassal
SOUBR H Divo H
Soubr GRIBO
Lakota LAGUNES
H POPOLI ABOISSO
Tano
LIBERIA COMO H AYAM I
Bandama
Anyama Alp H H AYAM II

BAS- H BOUTOUBR BIOVEA
ABIDJAN Aboisso
n Magui SASSANDRA
g tio
tin ruc ed TO
Niebe
Dabou Abidjan Noe
era onst lann Lagune
San-Pdro
GREEN-
Sa
p
O C P Bonoua Aby Elubo
ssa
VILLE
LOUGA Grand- Jacqueville Grand-
ndra
G G G Natural gas Lahou Bassam

H Fresco
L L L Liquid fuels FAYE H
TIBOTO Sassandra
2 2 2 Gas & liquid H Akoup PK24
fuels San-Pdro Ahoutou
C C C Coal
C Lagune
M
Aghien

X X X Hybrid
H H H Hydroelectric Djibi
Tabou Yopougon 2
GULF OF Abobo
x2
Lagune
Biomass / biogas
500MW + GUINEA Yopougon 3
x2
Abidjan S
AKOUDO Riviera Potou
Yopougon 1 Bingerville
Plateau Bia N
SONGON ABATTA G
AZITO
x2
Anoumabo Akou
330kV power line 10 Ð 99MW G GTreichville
G Bia S Agban
x2
225kV power line 1 Ð 9MW ë. Boula

y
Anani x2
Ndyni Vridi Port-
90kV power line Bout ABJ
0 Kilometres 150 Bakr Grand-
Substation (inset) 0 Miles 75 Bassam
G AGGREKO VRIDI G
Plants/projects Capacity (MW) Access to electricity (2016, millions) 2 G CIPREL
SANIA
Operating 2,269 Population 24.3
L SIR REFINERY
Construction 484 Those with access 15.6 2 VRIDI I 0 Kilometres 20
Planned 4,351 % with access 64.3 0 Miles 10


Ghana, Togo, Benin
n n
g tio g tio TO DOSSO
p era onst lann p era onst lann NIGER
O C P O C P 500MW +
H
G G G Natural gas S Wind
W W W 100 Ð 499MW DYODYONGA Ni
L L L Liquid fuels Wave B UR K I NA ge
r
10 Ð 99MW Karimama
2 2 2 Gas & liquid fuels Biomass FA S O Gaya
1 Ð 9MW Malanville
C C C Coal 330kV power line
Gun
t t t Thermal unknown 220kV power line
Ko
m
pi
H H H Hydroelectric 161kV power line
ALIBORI
en
Na
ga
S S S Solar photovoltaic operating at 69kV Banikoara
ka m
TO OUAGADOUGOU
Sota
63
Youga Kulungulu k V
b
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ri
Kandi
d ja
BLUE POWER TILLI Ci n
k ass Porga
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Bawku
u
S
Hamale
kro
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Navrongo Dapaong Krou
M
DIOULASSO White H GBAN HOU
Red
Bolgatanga Volta Volta OTI H
S Hian ATA K O R A
Lawra UPPER SAVAN E S
S
E A S T PWALUGU H Nakpanduri
Jirapa U P P E R W E S T (R)
S
Azumah mines L
Kul
S
Walewale Mango Kalal
H Natitingou Phunco
paw
S Bembrk
Kaleo Yala KULPAWN
B E N I N
n
Wa TITIRA H
Pigu
Kar
NOUMBIEL Gushiegu Kand Nikki
(Burkina 20kV NÕDali
a
O ti
Faso) S GUSHIE Niamtougou
Black Volta
S
H e Volta O BORGOU
hit SARAKAWA
H L Djougou TO
Savelugu KARA KAINJI
ue
S
W
m
DJAMDE H
Yendi Kara (R)
Tamale 20kV
DONGA L L S
Bangeli
Bouna
SIGINIK
Sawla N O R T H E R N Parakou
S Bassar Btrou
Yapei
Okpara
90k
V Damongo (Tamale Port)
Bole L Tchamba
Bassila
Sokod 20kV Tchaourou
T O GO
S Bimbilla
Buipe
Salaga Sotouboua
CïTE
DÕI V O I R E S
G H A N A Nkwanta
CENTRALE
COLLINES
NIGERIA
BUI H Yeji
Bamboi Kintampo H KPESSI Sav
Dambai Savalou
H GOUGOU
BRONG-AHAFO Kete Krachi H DOTEKOPE Dassa-
Wenchi Atebubu Ani Zoum
KTOU-DOGO
Techiman Kadjebi H
Atakpam
Berekum Amlame
63kV
Ejura 3kV KTOU H Ktou

Sunyani Lake 3 H NANGBETO
ZOU
AQ ATLANTIQUE
V O LTA P L AT E A U X
Volta Abomey KO COUFFO
V
20k
Dormea Hohoe Onigbolo LI LITTORAL

Mo
Ahenkro Mampong Bohicon

Afram MO MONO
no
S DEFISSOL
H KPIM
Yewa
Kenyasi TTTOU KO OU OUM
o ASHANTI Kpandu Nots H S
PL PLATEAU
Mim
ADJARALA H
Ouem
JUABENG Kpalim PL
n
Ta
Agogo AQ Alagbado
TROJAN POWER O Kpeve FROM
G Ejisu Konongo Lokossa Avakpa

Sakt ESCRAVOS
20k
Kumasi
Z io
Ho Lac Ikeja
Nkawkaw Mom- Lac OU
V
Ahm
M A R I T I M E Hagou MO Godomey Nokou
L (R) Lagos
Bibiani Lake AKOSOMBO
Juabeso Davi
New AKOSOMBO
Bosumtwi KINETIC Com LI PORTO
Bia
GENSER 2
CHIRANO Obuasi
Abirem Tafo H x2 Asiekpe
x2 H Anho Ouidah
NOVO
Asawinso New E A S T E R N Koforidua PONG 20kV
H K Volta
66kV
Obuasi Kade
x2
Aflao LOM Cotonou
Sogakope
x6
Akwatia Suhum W 2 AGGREKO MARIA GLTA

Ankobra
Pra 2 CONTOURGLOBAL
WESTERN Dunkwa VILLAGE Ashaiman OSUDOKU RA Keta L AKPAKPA
Akim Oda CORPS GHANA (Volta ER AC C 2 LOM PORT
E AT W
TO ABIDJAN
GOLDEN subst.) GR Anloga L LOM I (SULZER) 2 CEB MARIA GLTA

STAR ADA
Foso 2 MARIA GLTA (R)
Lac 2 WASSA
MINE ACCRA 2
x Tema
L LOM II (CTL)
dÕAyam Bogoso L
L C E N T R A L ONYANDZE x2 W WOKUMAQBE & GOI G LOM LNG TO POWER G GENESIS ENERGY
Prestea 2 2 MARIA GLTA II
SIMBROFO
GENSER
YAM PRO AN
SS
W KONIKABLO RIC
Winneba WES PIPE T AF LINE
Elubo
DAMANG
G Tarkwa SUNON ASOGLI C Ekumfi S
Aboano GA (WAGP
) S W AYITEPA
GENSER x
2 x2 Saltpond G GENSER TEMA t TEMA OIL REFINERY
Effasu G ISOPENTANE
Cape Coast 2 2 KPONE KTPP
KOMENDA SUGAR L TROJAN POWER
Domunli Aboadze
Essiama 2 MINES RESERVE G VPOWER TROJAN
Sekondi-
Axim
Takoradi G 2 SUNON ASOGLI KPONE 2 2 BRIDGE POWER
AMERI ABOADZE
G GHANA 1000 2 TEMA I
2 CENPOWER KPONE
GU LF OF 2 KARADENIZ PÕSHIP O. KHAN ARMECH AFRICA
2 TAKORADI I (TAPCO) G ROTAN POWER G TEMA II

2 VRA KPONE PHASE II
GU IN E A G TAKORADI IV L TEMA AKSA
2 G TAKORADI II (TICO)
(R): rehabilitation
2 TEMA CENIT (TCTPP)
2 TAKORADI III 0 Kilometres 150
© African Energy 2018 2 AMANDI ENERGY
(www.africa-energy.com) 0 Miles 75
Capacity (MW) Ghana Togo Benin Access to electricity* Ghana Togo Benin
Construction 1,036 147 100 Those with access 21.9 3.6 4.5
Planned 7,455 184 958 % with access 79.3 46.9 41.4

0 Kilometres 300
36
NIAMEY Illela CHAD
Kurdula Sabon- Gazaoua
Birni NI G ER 0 Miles 150 e Lake
Y ob
Rabah Chad
Dosso Sokoto So
ko Katsina
S Nguru Gashua
to
W
Daura jia
Argungu Kaura- H ade
AZURA Monguno
S YABO KVK Namoda
Birnin- NOVA
Nigeria
S Kankiya KANO Hadejia Ch

Kebbi SOKOTO S Dapchi
Ni
g VOLT
S S Talata- Gagarawa
a ri
PAN AFRICA
Mafara
er
DANGOTE
Planned
Gusau Dambarta S JIGAWA 1GB
K AT S I N A BLACK RHINO
Operating
Jega S ORIENTAL YOBE
Sokoto
Zugu Anka S BORNO Dikwa
Kano
Construction
Gaya Kamba JIGAWA Benisheikh
ZAMFARA KUMBOTSO S S VOLT Dutse Damaturu Maiduguri
33kV Potiskum
KEBBI NOVA
Plants/projects
Malumfashi Wudil SCOTIA S Azare
Dan Gulbi Birnin- Bama
Fokku Zuru KANO
Funtua Kudu
Koko
Shafaci KADUNA
Damboa
BENIN Zaria Ningi
Mekrou
Konkwesso Yelwa la Bajoga
go
n
2016 solar PPA: 1,086MW Birnin- S MANDO S K1 KADUNA
Go
Gwari Madaki Zalanga Biu Askira Michika
L G GOMBE
3,026
National Integrated Power Ibeto Ka
28,429
15,573
BAUCHI NIGERIA SOLAR
du
Projects (NIPP) I: 5,640MW Kontagora
Kaduna
na
Bauchi S CAPITAL
Babana H DADIN KOWA
National Integrated Power Mubi
Capacity (MW)
Salka KADUNA Gombe Gombi
Projects (NIPP) II: 400MW New SHIRORO ITISI
Tegina Jos JOS YOLA
PH
PHCN privatisation: Bussa S H H
E
PH ASE
Kachia
II
H KAINJI Bununu
AS I
7,081MW NIGER
Minna HH Kafanchan S Yuli
GURARA S ABIBA CT
ADAMAWA CHAD
ZUNGERU COSMOS
Okuta H ANJEED

S Numan
Parakou N I G E R I A
n Amper e
S LR ARON Pankshi W nu Yola S
H Suleja MARABAN PUSHIT
Be
Iyabe JEBBA Jalingo VOLT
Kishi Ni g Bida Gwagwalada G Keffi Mayo 1,000MW +
Shonga er
S
Akwanga Shendam Belwa
Shaki KWARA
ABUJA AFRINERGIA P L AT E A U
F.C.T.
Ou
Ilorin 500 Ð 999MW
Mutum
m
Abaji Biyu Ganye
I BADAN N A S A R A W A Lafia FROM 100 Ð 499MW
Omu-
Okaka Offa Aran Isanlu ABUJA LOM
Ogbomosho
Population
PANGAR 10 Ð 99MW
Iseyin Ejigbo Obajana 11 TA R A B A
S n
% with access
Kabba Wukari Toungo g tio
OYO S EKITI Beli tin ruc ed
Oshogbo Lokoja
Don
Makurdi
Ado-Ekiti H p
Those with access

Okene 12 era onst lann

ga
Igbo Iwo Ilesha G Zongondaji O C P

Ora Ibadan S
OSUN 10 S Oke Ajaokuta 14 Ayangba
Ife BENUE Serti G G G Natural gas
Agbe 13 G G C 16 Aliade Katsina
Abeokuta Akure N Yandev Ala Takum L L L Liquid fuels
Owo Auchi KOGI Otukpo Ka
OGUN Ondo O N D O t
15 Al sina
a Lekitaba
r
Sagamu OMOTOSHO ONDO B EN I N Gakem
59.3
KASHIMBILA H Gembu
108.9
183.6
Sakt G G G Irrua Nsukka CAMEROON
N i ge
18 Ogoja C C C Coal
LAGOS I II Okha EDO H
21 C 20 Obudu MAMBILLA
G Lagos G G
17 EBONYI C N N N Nuclear
Enugu Abakaliki

BADAGRY IKEJA EKO Olokola Benin City Agbor 1 FLOUR MILLS OF NIGERIA, 21 IHOVBOR
22 23 24 25 Asaba ANAMBRA S EN U GU
HONEYWELL FLOUR, 22 SAPELE I H H H Hydroelectric
B IGHT OF B E NIN Onitsha19ENUGU Amaseri Ikom BUA SUGAR REFINERY, 23 SAPELE II
G G Nnewi G G POWERHOUSE INTERNAT. 24 OGORODE ETHIOPE
30 s
Ilaro Papalanto OLORUNSOGO
IMO ros H APAPA PORT 25 PROTON DELTA SUNRISE
Sapele26
G 32 C G W W W Wind
G G Umuahia CROSS 2 PARAS ENERGY 26 UGHELLI
Sagamu Escravos
n
I II OGUN G Abraka G G G Nkwerre
Owerri Arochukwu R I V E R 3 LEKKI 27 ONOSE TBEA ENERGY EKROKPE 330kV power line
G Warri G D E L T A 31 33 ABIA 4 LEKKI ENERGY CENTRE 28 GBARAIN I operating
Ogu
Loburo 27 GG 38 CALABAR 5 MENATECH GBARAIN II construction
Ifo 37 G Aba Ikot N 132kV power line
Patani 34 G 6 AES BARGES 29 OBUNAGHA
Ahoada G G Ikot-Itu 45 46 Ekpo
OGIJO G 0 Kilometres 20 36 7 EGBIN I 30 KWALE Substation (inset)
28 G G 35 Ekp. Uyo G G 6 G 8 EGBIN II 31 OKPAI PHASE I operating
Magboro 0 Miles 10 Yenagoa G G G AKWA Calabar 00kV G
Ota Choba G G 41 42 IBOM 9 AGURA OKPAI PHASE II planned Distribution zone
29 FROM 10 ROOK SOLAR 32 OKIJA
39 G 40 G G Eket INGA boundary
B AY E L S A 11 MIDDLE BAND 33 EGBEMA
M
Ogba LAGOS GIkot- G 12 GEREGU I 34 OMOKU I operating 40 ELEME FIPL
Bakassi
ou
Alimosho L WEMPCO Ikorodu t h Brass R I V E R S 43 Abasi 44
7 8 s Pen. 13 GEREGU II OMOKU II construction 41 AFAM IV-VI operating
Ikeja W Alausa of t
h e N ig e r PO RT HARCOURT
Ikeja 14 YELLOWSTONE 35 TRANS-AMADI AFAM III construction
LOS Ilupeju Maryland Ijede G 9 Port
2 G 15 GEREGU NUCLEAR 36 OMA 42 IBOM operating
BIGHT OF
Ejigbo Oworonsoki G on Harcourt 16 ITOBE ZUMA PHASE I 37 ALAOJI PHASE I operating IBOM EXPANSION planned
6 s Lago BONNY
Agbara Itire Akoka g o 17 GEOMETRIC POWER ALAOJI PHASE II construction 43 IKOT ABASI
L a
Akangba Lagos 18 ONE NATION ENUGU 38 ABA (OSSISIOMA) 44 QUA IBOE
Aja G U L F O F G U I N E A
ko
Ojo Ijora Alagbon Lekki 19 MOTIR DUSABLE 39 AFAM FIPL PHASE I operating 45 CROSS RIVER
Apapa Road G
EQUATORIAL 20 AZURA-EDO AFAM FIPL PHASE II construction 46 CROSS RIVER EMERGENCY
B io
2 2 G 2 GUINEA
W © African Energy 2018 (www.africa-energy.com)

1 G 2
5
3 4
Cameroon, CAR, Chad
W
Amdjarass
n Lake
g t io Chad
t Faya tin ruc ed 500MW +
p era onst lann
O C P Ch 100 Ð 499MW
ari
G G G Natural gas
10 Ð 99MW
L L L Liquid fuels
Mao L 1* Ð 9MW
Abch t t t Thermal unknown NÕDJAMENA
Lake *0.5MW in C.A.R.
Chad Koussri
Djermaya Ati H H H Hydroelectric t
L REFINERY
S S
Massaguet CHAD SU DAN
W W W Wind
NÕDJAMENA Mongo
Logone
Koussri Waza
330kV power line
L
L
AGGREKO
FARCHA EXTRæME- CHAD
L NÕDJAMENA
225kV power line
Am Timam LA KE CHAD Ch
S STARSOL Power line
Maroua Mokolo BASIN ari
at
Ch 110kV or under
lam
t S ar NORD
i t S
Bongor
Sa
Guider Watershed
Dik Birao Maroua
Lou
(Cameroon)
Binder og
Bongor
L
ti
on Yagoua
Pala e La
L BAOR t Aouk Ouanda Kal
CEMENT Djall NIGERIA S Binder
S Doba Sarh Guider
am
L
Lac de Moundou n
G e Tr ebbi
Ouh
Lagdo Ndl Lr Lac d K Lo

EXXONMOBIL Ouadda yo go
Benu La Ma ne
KOM
CENTRAL e
Garoua
S
cd
eL
r Pala
H LANCRENON
FALLS
SOUMB
AFRICAN
Bouca Bria LAGDO H Lac de Lagdo
H
REPUBLIC
Fafa
Bossangoa
Bouar
L
62kV, NO R TH cid
e nt a
l
Kotto
Lo L
ba upgrade Bambari Djamboutou NORD t Oc
M
ye to 110kV
am
e
b
BNOU Tchollir
Lo g o n
r I&II III PALAMBO Bangassou o
BOALI H H
H
Ub
a
L
Mbomou
D
BASIN ou G RI D
t t KOTTO H n
Kemb ar B
ng
L
BANGUI F o
i
H
Berbrati Bimbo MOBAYI- Ul Touboro
MBONGO a
H DIMOLI H 132kV (D.R.C.) Vin
Yokadouma
Libenge D.R.C . MANDOUROU, H VOZGOM (VOGZHOUM)
LOBAYE
RIVER MBINJAL H H (inexact location)
0 Kilometres 400 Tignre H
CAMEROON (inexact location) S BINI Ë WARAK LAKE CHAD
REP. OF CONGO 0 Miles 200 Bka BASIN d
Ngaoundr en
P
H LANCRENON
r FALLS
MAMBILLA Mb
0 Kilometres 200 H KPEP t
ADAMAOUA
0 Miles 100 BENOU Nkambe
H Banyo
t Meiganga
BASIN N O R D - t
m
Maidougou
ha
Wum Tibati Ngaoundal
W
NIGERIA OUEST
Ou
MENCHUM H Fundong m
ba
os
s L L MAPE t
M Garoua- CENTRAL
Cr Bamenda Boula
CAMEROON
Magba
1 GRAND EWENG KPAF Foumban
Lom t AFRICAN
Mamf
2 SONG MBENGUI H OUEST R E P U B L I LC
Nou
Mbouda m Dj
3 SONG LOULOU
CROSS Dschang Ki rem ob
4 SONG NDONG Foumbot SANAGA a
n
y
5 EDA (Mangombe RIVER
Bafoussa m S O UTH BASIN H
e
substation) BASIN BAGANGT LOM PANGAR
Bafang H NYANZOM Ma
6 NGODI
SUD-OUEST
H CENTRE mb
r
7 GRENOR EDA Calabar H NOUN-WOURI
90kV
a ga
8
9
MAKAì
NJOCK NDIAN Nkongsamba Blabo
G RI D Sa
n
BASIN Kumba
Mb
WOURI Ndikinimeki Bafia LEBANGA Minta L

am
Ekondo Titi BASIN Nanga- Bertoua

Bakassi Yabassi
NACHTIGAL
Eboko Batouri H
TO BANGUI
Peninsula Mbanga L I T T O R A L H Ngulmendouka Ka

d
G
Bua Bkoko 3 2
1
S anaga KIKOT Batchenga H EAST
HH
ALTAAQA BASSA L G SITRABCAM H Obala NYONG BASIN
ALTAAQA LOGBABA G
Limb Douala 5 4
Evodoula
L AHALA Ayos G RI D
DPDC DIBAMBA L
H HG
YAOUND L OYAMBANG Akonolinga Mbang Abong DIMOLI
ENEO LOGBABA L
Mouangko 8 9 Eska
EST H
GRENOR DOUALA G H 7 L S
Bioko 6 H Ngoumou H t
ong
Mbalmayo Yokadouma
EQ
LOKOUNDJE
Ny
BASIN Lolodorf Mengum H

Ngomedzap t MEKIN
CONGO
UA
GG Bipindi L Meyomessala Dja

(solar-diesel) BASIN
Bou
Kribi Ebolowa Sangmlima X

TO
BIGHT OF Lolab LOB BASIN SUD

a
mb
Djoum
Sa n g h
NTEM BASIN
a
BONNY
R
t
IA
L Campo H MEMVÕL Ambam

OGOOU BASIN CHOLLET
G
Ntem
H
U Moloundou
IN Ro Ng
EA GABON ok
© African Energy 2018 Bata Muni REPUBLIC OF CONGO
o
Capacity (MW) Cameroon CAR Chad Access to electricity* Cameroon CAR Chad
Construction 331 0 0 Those with access 14.2 0.7 1.1
Planned 9,361 642 262 % with access 60.1 14.0 8.8

Punta
38
Europa YAOUND CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
PUNTA EUROPA G
MALABO
AMPCO G
H RIABA G MALABO
Bioko t SEMU
E
Sangha
H BIKOMO
t SIPOPO C A M E R O O N
Q
Dja
U
A
T
MEMVÕL
Planned
O LIKOUALA
Operating
R Rio Campo H
N t em CHOLLET
Construction
L Minvoul H
H
IA
BATA 2 Bitam Souank
Capacity (MW)
Mbin Ebebiyin
L SEGESA L i Ngo
ko
Ubangi
G Bata (Wele) DJIBLOHO Assok Ngomo II
Ivindo
H L Semb Ousso Impfondo
Prncipe Santo Antonio Mbini Oyem Mokko
UI
H N E Mongomo Pokola
RêO MUNI (SENDJE) A WOLEU-NTEM SANGHA o
ng
SÌO TOM
Co
G R o M u n i Nsork
no
& PRêNCIPE Kogo Akurenam a Blinga Mkambo H LIOUESSO
Ok
0
Corisco Medouneu L
654
F 2
Le
L BOBO FORRO II Nkok Special
6,250
Mitzic (MITZIC)
Sang
ng
L SANTO AMARO Economic Zone H TCHIMBL H L
ha Lik
ou
OGOOU-
ou
20
L SANTO AMARO II Cap Estrias KINGUL H NGOULMENDJIM Makokou L
kV
So
b
Rep. of Congo
H
ala
L SÌO TOM IVINDO Mbomo
M
Tom LIBREVILLE Ntoum
aux
H SÌO TOM ALNAKIRI 2 H KINGUL AVAL CUVETTE-OUEST

CONTADOR
Owendo G Kango L Likouala Makoua
ESTUAIRE L MOYEN- L Etoumbi Ruki
So Joo dos Boou TSENGU-LLDI
Herbes
Angolares kouk Ndjol H H Kll L

Bifoun
Almb
RE PU B LI C
u
oo
OGOOU G A B O N C O N GO Liranga
Og
L
O F Owando
L H OKA
L OGOOU Mbama CUVETTE
TELEMENIA G Okondja Lac
L TSONGO
Lambarn Lastoursville H A U T- Ewo H (BRAZZAVILLE) Ntomba
Port-Gentil Og
Mandji Special L o OGOOU Boundji
30kV
a
30
ou
CHUTES DE
Oyo Mossaka
Economic Zone

Akieni
kV
L
H LÕIMPRATRICE Koulamoutou
Alim
OGOOU- Fougamou Andjogo Okoyo
Ng
S
San Antonio de Pal
30kV
ou
MARITIME NGOUNI Moanda L Franceville
Annobn
ni
Ombou Mandji Pana Moyabi 20kV Lkoni H NGOKLI
(Equatorial L Mbigou
Guinea) H POUBARA Gamboma
Mouila H Bakoumba
AT L A N T I C H DIBWANGUI GRAND P L AT E A U X
Lbamba BONGOLO POUBARA H Lac Mai-
Boumango Ndombe
O C E A N Ndend H L t
Ngo
Djambala
Bambama KOUEMBALI
Gamba L i
G ni GRANDE IMBOULOU Fim
fi
Tchibanga Mossendjo Zanaga

L
n HH H
g tio KOUEMBALI
H K wa
tin ruc ed Nyan
ga NIARI LKOUMOU PETITE NGOUWIRI Ngab
pera onst lann
O C P N YA N G A Kas
a
za i
en
L ar
G G G Natural gas Mayumba MOURALA H Ni POOL
Bo u
N
t
L L L Liquid fuels Kindamba
iar
i
Sibiti
MPILA L
2 2 2 Gas & liquid fuels KOULIOU H MOUKOUKOULOU
36
KINTL t
701
1,122
SOUNDA L Loudima BOUENZA
Gabon
t t t Thermal unknown ouli DJOU
Dolisie Madingou Mind
Kw
GORGE H (rehabilitation) BRAZZAVILLE

ilu
SARIS Nyaki- H Pool Malebo

ou
H H H Hydroelectric Madingo-Kayes ENI NKAYI KINSHASA

u il
500MW + MÕBOUNDI
Kayes Kinkala
H
Ko LINZOLO I,
S S S Solar photovoltaic G
) LOUFOULAKARI HH M O C R A T I C
la LINZOLO II, D E
o
100 Ð 499MW Pointe-Noire

Biomass
ng
G ng o NTOULA
(A
CEC G R E P U B L I C
10 Ð 99MW Djno Co
330kV power line CORAF t KINIANGUI,
1 Ð 9MW MBANZA-NDOUNGA O F C O N G O
225kV power line
Cabinda
60-110kV power line INGA

H
305
200
350
Boma
Kwango
0 Kilometres 200
Eq Guinea
0 Miles 100 Muanda
A NG O L A
Rep. of Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, São Tomé & Príncipe

Democratic Republic of Congo
Lac de Lagdo
S OUT H
W
hit
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
eN
S UDA N
ile
o
Kott
PALAMBO
ga H Uba u
na ng MOBAYI- Bom
Sa i MBONGO
BANGUI Bosobolo H
Zongo
CAMEROON Gbadolite Bondo BAS-UL Niangara
Yakoma DINGILA
Sangha
Libenge Ul H Kib a li

t NORD-UBANGI NÕZORO
Gemena H A U T - H AZAMBI
N i l e rt
Businga Bambesa Poko
e
U L H H AMBARAU
Alb
SUD-UBANGI Aketi t
i Rub Watsa
Kungu bir Buta i Isiro
Budjala ngala t Bumba Itim
Lisala Mahagi
Mo
MONGALA C Wamba I T U R I SOLENIAMA II Lake
H
Albert
on
Banalia BUDANA
Lulong
a Mambasa H Bunia
go
Aruwimi Irumu
TSHOPO Itu
Basankusu Yangambi Bafwasende ri
TSHOPO ik
Q U AT E U R ml
i
LH
Bolomba Befale Kisangani Se U GAN DA
KISANGANI H Beni
Nkenda
REPUBLIC
t
Mbandaka H WANIE-RUKULA Butembo
TALIAH H
L. George
Ruk Tshu
GABON OF CONGO i
Lac Ntomba Boende
ap
a
Ubundu
Lubero H
L. Edward
Bokungu Lubutu Lake
O (BRAZZAVILLE) Bikoro Opala
NORD-KIVU Victoria
T S H U A PA Ikela
Rutshuru
MATEBE-
go
RUDAHIGA
ou
H
D E M O C R A T I C Goma Kagera

H BELIA
Kiri Walikale LAKE KIVU
Ul RWANDA
Inongo i
Kibuye
R E P U B L I C
nd
Bolobo Lac Mai- S
Bukavu L.Kivu
i
Ndombe KAILO H H MOGA
Kutu Shabunda
Nioki MAI-NDOMBE Lomela LUTSHURUKU H
Kalima HH
Mushie
O F C O N G O
Fimi SUD-KIVU
Kindu BURUNDI
1 ZONGO II Kwamouth Bandundu Dekese Pangi MUGOMBE H
2 ZONGO I (R) Kasa S H KAMPENE Uvira BUJUMBURA
Lukenie
ngo
Oshwe Lodja Katako-

3 SANGA (R) Kole MANIEMA MAGEMBE
Sankuru S A N K U R U Kombe
Co
Niari BRAZZAVILLE Mas Bagata Manga Kibombo H

ima Ilebo Lu Fizi H RUZIZI I (R)
KINSHASA nim Bulungu ala Kasongo
Dibaya
Pointe-
Noire 1 KINSHASA ba KWILU Mweka S
Lubefu ba H RUZIZI II (R)
Luozi H MWANANGOYE H KAMANYOLA
Tshela H Kikwit t KAS Aì Lusambo H
KONGO CEN H 2 Kenge
TRAL H 3 INGA
- Idiofa (liquid fuels- Lo Lubao S BENDERA- H RUZIZI III
Cabinda Lukula LINE KOLWEZ Luebo m KYIMBI
(Angola)
Boma
HH Kwilu Popokabaka HVD
C
I
X
solar) S DIMBELENGE a Kongolo
Luku H RUZIZI IV
Kimpese Kananga Mbuji-10 11 L O M A M I ga
mi
G H
H Gungu
Muanda KWANGO KAKABOLA
Mayi H H NyunzuKalemie
Matadi
Maquela do Zombo Feshi
Tshikapa 5 9H KASAì-
Kabinda Kabalo TA N Z A N I A
H 6
H INGA I 351MW HH H Kazumba OR. Gandajika
Kwilu
Kasongo- Ankoro Lu
4 H KASAì- TvAuaN G A N Y I K A Lake
H INGA II 1,424MW Lunda
K
7 8
CENTRAL
Mwene- KABULE
Ditu H
Kabongo
S Moba Tanganyika
Manono
H INGA III BASSE CHUTE 4,800MW Luiza Kaniama
Chicapa
Kahemba PIANA MWANGA (R)

wa
Dundo t H
ng
H INGA III HAUTE CHUTE 3,000MW H A U T - Malemba-

o
L O M A M I Nkulu Pweto
ji
H INGA IV 7,180MW 4 LOVUA LONGATATHILMO

Lubilan
5 KAZONGO H Kibula Mitabwa

Chiengi
H INGA V 6,970MW 6 MBIMBI MAYI
7 LUNGUNDI I
Kamina
12 13 H SOMBWE
HH H A U T- Lake
H C
Lu
INGA VI 6,680MW 8 LUNGUNDI II

H K ATA N G A
Mweru
lua
9 KATENDE
Sandoa Lualaba Luena
20
Luapula
H INGA VII 6,700MW Kwanza 10 LUBILANJI H Lubudi

Lufira
11 TSHIALA II
14 H
n H 19 MAMBILIMA
tio LAULABA 15 H 18
H INGA VIII 6,750MW g
tin ruc ed A NG O L A
Kasenga FALLS
era nst nn Kisenge 16 H H 17 H 21 H H H
Op Co Pla Tenke
Kolwezi C o H 22 I II V L. Bangweulu i
sai
Dilolo sh
G G G Natural gas p Likasi be
as
C p am
ATLANTIC L L L Liquid fuels Kipushi e h
Lubumbashi
C
OCEAN C C C Coal
330kV
Kasumbalesa
b
Kansanshi
t t t Thermal unknown H
12 KIMIMBI FUKA MUMBOTUTA
e
Lungu Chingola
-B 13 KALENGWE Sakania FALLS
X X X Hybrid un
l t
go 14 BUSANGA
H H H Hydroelectric 500MW +
15 NÕSEKE
Za
16 NÕZILO I (R) a
gw
mb
S S S Solar photovoltaic 17 NÕZILO II

330kV
ezi
100 Ð 499MW
an
18 DIKOLONGO
Lu
Biogas (methane) 19 KALULE

10 Ð 99MW 20 KIUBO
500kV+ power line
1 Ð 9MW
21
22
KONI (R)
MWADINGUSHA
ZA MB IA
400kV power line C
MOZAMBIQUE
LUSAKA
ua
Lago de
nd
220kV power line (R): rehabilitation Kafue b e zi Cahora Bassa

0 Kilometres 400 Zam
o

Power line 132kV or under (www.africa-energy.com) 0 Miles 200 ZIMBABWE
TO KARIBA DAM
Access to electricity* (2016, millions) Plants/projects Capacity (MW) Access to electricity* (2016, millions)
Population 6.9 Operating 2,480 Population 84.1
Those with access 4.7 Construction 96 Those with access 14.4
% with access 68.1 Planned* 47,356 % with access 17.2
*Rep. of Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea *Inga phases III-VIII = 42,080MW *DR Congo
Source: SEforALL, IMF Source: African Energy Live Data, July 2018. www.africa-energy.com/database Source: SEforALL, IMF

Sudan, South Sudan
n
g tio
tin ruc ed
era onst lann L I B YA EG Y P T
R
p 500MW + Lake
O C P
Nasser Halaib
E
G G G Natural gas 100 Ð 499MW Triangle Halaib
D
L L L Liquid fuels 10 Ð 99MW L Bir Tawil
Wadi
P P P Petroleum coke 1 Ð 9MW Halfa
S E
C C C Coal
A
NORTHERN
t t t Thermal unknown DAL H C RED SEA COAL
H H H Hydroelectric RED SEA
L
KAJBAR H Port Sudan
W W W Wind Abu Hamed L KARADENIZ
Kerma le
Ni POWERSHIP
Biomass t W RAUF BEY
Suakin
500kV power line Dongola MEROWE El RED SEA
COAST
220kV power line L H Manasir Sinkat (inexact
Karima W location)
Merowe
NILE Haiya
Tokar
110kV power line TAKAMOL
CEMENT L Berber
Ed Debba
Atbara Karora
Derudeb
S U D A N
t
Ed Damer
CHAD
At
Shendi
2
ba
NORTH GARRI L
ra
GARRI PETROLEUM COKE P KASSALA
DARFUR El Geili KHARTOUM ERITREA
Abu Deleiq NEW Aroma
Omdurman North HALFA
AL-SHAHEED DR. MAHMOUD SHERIF L SUGAR L
Khartoum Kassala
Hamrat KHARTOUM L EL BAGAIR New Halfa
Malha el Wuz JEBEL AULIA H Teseney
Tin GUNEID SUGAR EL GIRBA H L
Hamrat
esh Sheikh GEZIRA
NORTH Wad Showak Setit
WHITE NILE
Kolbus
Kutum Sodiri KORDOFAN SUGAR Medani L GEDAREF H
WEST Mellit L SENNAR H 2
DARFUR Umm Ed Dueim SUGAR El Fau 1 Tek
e
L
Kebkabiya L L Keddada Bara ASSALAYA SUGAR Gedaref UPPER ATBARA
Tawila AND SETIT COMPLEX:
ze
H SENNAR
El El Fasher
Geneina L L Rabak Hawata
1 RUMELA
2 BURDANA
Zalingei El Obeid Umm L Kosti Singa Metema
2
Ruwaba KENANA S E N N A R
Kass L En Nahud Dubeibat WHITE SUGAR L KUKU
L LAKDHANAVAI Er Rahad NILE
Abu Zabad
Garsila W
Ghubeish El Abbasiya
W E S T K O R D O FA N ROSEIRES Lake
CENTRAL Nyala Dilling
G Rashad H Tana
DARFUR El Fula Renk
Rahad Grida L
el Berdi Lagawa Abu Disputed
Ed Daein Heiban Jubeiha area
Babanusa Pawie
EAST DARFUR BLUE NILE
Tullus
SOUTH Permanent Court El Muglad
Kadugli
L S O U T H K O R D O FA N H GRAND ETHIOPIAN
Am DARFUR Buram of Arbitration Kologi Kurmuk RENAISSANCE DAM
Dafogg (PCA) boundary Talodi (GERD) Abay
of Abyei, 2009
(Blue N
Hofrat Heglig ile)
en Nahas a
Bahr el Arab are
(Kiir) Disputed L
azal
Disputed
Abyei re
l Gh Malakal ETHIOPIA
Fangak
h
ob
Ba
area Bentiu
S
at
Aweil
Gogrial Jur Greater Nasir
Bahr
Raga Jikao Baro

B a h r Kuajok Upper Nile Gambela
el Jeb
el Ghazal L S O U T H Jonglei Canal

(unfinished)
el (W
Deim Akobo
CENTRAL Wau
Zubeir H
S U D A N
ite h
Pibo
AFRICAN Tonj Tepi

Ni
)
r
le
REPUBLIC Rumbek
L
Pibor
o
Yirol Om
Sue
L
Bor
Ramciel
Tambura E q u a t o r i a
Mundri
Mongalla Ilemi
ou Maridi L t
M bom Yambio Triangle
L JUBA t
Kapoeta
D E M O C RAT IC RE PU BLIC
BEDDEN H Torit Lokichokio
L H LAKKI H KINYETI Lake
O F C O N GO Yei
KAYA
HH SHUKOLI Turkana
H H Nimule K E N YA
0 Kilometres 400 GRAND
UGANDA
400kV
© African Energy 2018 FULA

(www.africa-energy.com) 0 Miles 200 TO KARUMA
Capacity (MW) Sudan South Sudan Access to electricity* Sudan S Sudan

Operating 3,905 29 Population 39.6 12.2
Construction 184 0 Those with access 15.3 1.1
Planned 2,811 2,147 % with access 38.5 9.0
Source: African Energy Live Data, July 2018. Search for a power plant or project at www.africa-energy.com/database * 2016, millions. Source: SEforALL, IMF

Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia
0 Kilometres 300
n Alula
g tio
tin ruc ed
0 Miles 150
era onst lann 500MW +
p
O C P SAUDI (diesel-solar) L
100 Ð 499MW ARABIA X Bosaso
L L L Liquid fuels Badhan
X X X Hybrid SUDAN 10 Ð 99MW Erigavo
1* Ð 9MW Hafun
H H H Hydroelectric
*0.5MW in Somalia
S S S Solar photovoltaic Farasan Qardho
Is.
W W W Wind Nakfa Puntland
R
(diesel-solar-wind)
ile ¤ ¤ ¤ Geothermal Las Anod L X
E
Afabet
N
EMBA DERHO
Garowe
Biomass
D
Dahlak
KHARTOUM
Halhal BELEZA Eyl

500kV power line (diesel-solar) L Archipelago
BISHO L Keren
33
kV V
L HIRGIGO
66k Massawa
ETH.
400kV power line Kassala GOLD L X
Akordat L L
S
MINE
230kV power line Teseney ASMARA L W Dekemhare Galkayo
E R I
E
Barentu Mendefer kV
66
SOMALIA
132kV power line a
T R
Mersa Fatma
A
DEB UB
S L
ALID ¤ Dhusa INDIAN
L E Mareb
Gedaref
S e t it
Humera
S L L
Adwa Adigrat A Ed
Hobyo OCEAN
TEKEZE II H I. Silase Axum L
S
WOLKAYIT W Mekele NABRO-DUBBI
¤ PROSPECT
Kosti
SUGAR TEKEZE I H MESOBO- W ASHEGODA
YEMEN
HARENA
L L
Y
Dabat GULF
ze
Blu
Assab
White Nile
Metema Atbara Maychew

Teke
Djibouti:
eN
Shehedi
Chilga
Gonder Sekota B ab 1 QATAR ELECTRICITY OF
ile
Alamata A l - Ma
n d ab 2 GALE-LE-KOMA ADE N
E DJIBO UTI
Lake Tana 3 ASSAL RIFT
Lalibela 4 GOUBET
ROSEIRES Transfer chann Nefas L
el
Mewcha Semara 1 L Obock 5 GRAND BARA GREEN ENESYS
H Tadjourah
TANA-BELES H Gashen Weldiya L DUBTI 2 ¤W 6 JABANÕAS
¤W 7 W
L
Roseires TIS ABAY I DJIBOUTI 7 DORALEH DESALINATION
34 6 L
TANA-BELES II Dangila
66kV
Reservoir H TIS ABAY II

GRAND ETHIOPIAN Guba
SUGAR
Bahir H TENDAHO L 5 S VILLE L BOULAOUS
H Pawie Dar
Dese SUGAR Dikhil L MARABOUT
RENAISSANCE DAM s Mota
L
Bele Injibara Combolcha L US MILITARY Erigavo

(GERD) Aksta AYSHA W
Awa
Debre L
Bichena
Ab
ay ) Markos Berbera
sh
(B lu e Nile
A
DABUS II
Asosa
H KARADOBI H CHEMOGA-YEDA Borama SOMPOWER
H Mendi FINCHAA-
ALELTU Debre W
H Dire L
GABILEY Somaliland
DABUS I AMERTI-NESHI H Togo Wuchale (diesel-solar) S
LOWER Nuraera Dawa L
V
Shambu H Muger H Berhan X

Burao
H 18 Hargeisa
Dabus
DIDESSA FINCHAA FINCHAA W 17 Alemaya Jijiga

L
L L SUGAR Sululta
Ghimbi Gedo
Holeta 1 L
ADDIS ¤ L Awash Asbe Teferi Harer
BIRBIR DIDESSA Nekemte
H 2 H ABABA S 16
So
bat Dembi Guder Bdessa
Dolo SOR H
Bedele
3 4 W H 14 15 Las Anod
H HALELE- H WABI 5 H Adama
HH 13
(Nazret)
kV
Baro Fik
6
¤ Degeh Bur
66
WERABESA
Gambela
BARO & GENJE H
Metu H
GEBA GILGEL G
H Butajira
W 11
12
T
I B W 10
E T H I O P I A
IH E
DIVERSION H 9
Bilate
L
Ak
ob Jimma H II 7 ¤¤
TAMS Masha Hossana
F
MELKA WAKENA
GOJEB 8
O g a d e n
o
Bonga WABI-
Tepi 66k H Alaba H H SHEBELLE
Pibor
V
GILGEL GIBE III W. ¤ Shashamene Robe
(inexact location) Warder
Mizan Sodo
I
Post Goba
Teferi IV Yirga Alem H Ramo Kebri Dehar Galkayo
SOUTH KOYSHA HH W
R
SUDAN GILGEL GIBE V H Sawla Dila

G
Gode
es
OMO-KURAZ Arba Minch GENALE

tro
L Sh
Ethiopia: SUGAR Adola GENALE DAWA VI eb
elle
1 REPPI Shakiso 66 DAWA III H
Omo
kV Dhusa Mareb
EEHP
2 KALITI Agere H H
3 ABA SAMUEL Key Konso Maryam GENALE
Ge
4 ADAMA Afer Negele

Ilemi Segen DAWA V
na
5 AWASH I (KOKA)
le
6 TULU MOYE Triangle Yabelo Beledweyne

Dawa
7 ALUTO LANGANO
T
8 CORBETTI
9 ASSELA MEGA MAJI
10 ITEYA Dolo Odo Hudur
W
11 WONJI SUGAR Mega Luuq SOMALIA
A
12 AWASH II Lake Moyale

13 AWASH III Turkana
14 AWASH IV
15 METAHARA
PR HIGH CITY
P)
CT RN
Garbahaareey
E
EH
16 FANTALE Baidoa
EC WAY
ELE ASTE
RI
T (E
17 KESEM SUGAR
Turkwel
Jowhar
Juba
18 MELKA SEDI
E
OJ
UGANDA Marsabit
R
H
Bardera
MOGADISHU
K E N YA e bel
le
Merca
Sh
G
L. Kyoga
Buaale INDIAN OCEAN
0 Kilometres 300
Victoria © African Energy 2018
Nile TO SUSWA 0 Miles 150 TO KISMAYO (www.africa-energy.com)
Capacity (MW) Ethiopia Eritrea Djibouti Somalia Access to electricity* (2016, millions)
Operating 4,507 191 168 15 Population 98.0
Construction 9,218 0 0 3 Those with access 42.4
Planned 14,751 92 1,080 10 % with access 43.1
Source: African Energy Live Data, July 2018. Search for a power plant or project at www.africa-energy.com/database *Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti. Source: SEforALL, IMF

Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi
n 500MW + W TO JUBA © African Energy 2018

g tio hi (www.africa-energy.com)
tin ruc ed te
SOUTH SUDAN
era nst nn 100 Ð 499MW
Op Co Pla
N
ile
G G G Natural gas 10 Ð 99MW
1 Ð 9MW Nimule Madi Opei
L L L Liquid fuels Koch Moyo Karenga
i
2 2 2 Gas & liquid fuels Padibe Kaabong
Yumbe Palabek
M M M Methane Koboko Ac Namokora
Adjumani Kitgum K E N YA
hw
P P P Peat Obongi
a
H Anya Atiak
Dopeth
u H ACHWA II
X X X Hybrid OKULECERE Palaro Acholibur
ile
H ACHWA I
rt N
Rhino S
Arua H ACHWA III Kalongo
H H H Hydroelectric Camp Kotido
NORTHERN REGION
be
PABBO S
Al
S S S Solar photovoltaic Aru ACHWA H H ACHWA V Agago
IV
W W W Wind Gulu
Ora Patongo Wiawer
¤ ¤ ¤ Geothermal NYAGAK III
NYAGAK II Olwiyo Moroto
Biomass NYAGAK I
Nebbi
H
H H Pakwach KIBA AYAGO ok
400kV power line Ok
L
H H ORIANG
Lira Aloi
220kV power line
Y H H
H
Kamudini KARAMOJA
Aloro
110/132kV power line E G MURCHISON
KARUMA
Abako
(inexact locations)
W W
to ria Nile
30/33kV power line L Buliisa FALLS Amuria
Apac Agwata
L Katakwi
Uganda: DEMOCRATIC Lake
1 NDUGUTU rt Kigumba
Vic Kwania Nakapiripirit
A
2 SINDILA REPUBLIC e H WAKI Lake S L. Bisina

3 KAKAKA OF CONGO lb Kojweri Soroti
V
4 RWIMI A KAISO BUSERUKA Masindi

5 MOBUKU I H
Kafu Kelle Opuyo Kelim
G
e
(KILEMBE MINES) Bunia KINYARA Nakitoma Namasale Serere KEERE

k
LAKE G SUGAR
afu Kyoga Kumi NGOROMWO
Lake
L H
a
6 BUGOYE H H
L
(MOBUKU II) ALBERT Hoima E A S T E R N R E G I O N BULAMBULI KapchorwaH

K
SITI I
T
7 MOBUKU III Munteme SITI II

Nakasongola Bukedea H H SIRIMITYO
(KASESE COBALT) Kyanyamwanga H
Ngoma Sironko BUKWA
F
8 NYAMWAMBA
U G A N D A
9 NYAMAGASANI I Nkusi Bukwiri Pallisa SIRONKO
10 NYAMAGASANI II
NKUSI H Bale Lake H
I
H BUKINDA Nakuwa Mbale

11 LUBILIA Kisala
Vi c
KAWEMBE Ntwetwe
R
Sez
H Kamuli
Nil
Kagadi SAIL
tor
12 FABER CAPITAL MUZIZI Kiboga

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a
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Bundibugyo Kakumiro ISIMBA H
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i
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i
SUGAR
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11 10 H MPANGA ga Sigulu I.
H 12 Entebbe 0 Kilometres 100
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2
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Lake Kalangala ¤ 6 7 8 9 10
locations)
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(inexact
Edward
X H H H H H H 11
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15 M M
Rakai Kibuye 25
ISHASHA Rukungiri 19
17 18 Kigoma P Kibungo
H Birira Ntungamo NSONGEZI Mubanzi
H
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locations)
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ra
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ga
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Construction 872 106 18 M 8 BRARUDI BREWERY
same scale 9 BUJUMBURA
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Kenya
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8 NYAMASEGE
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¤ Marsabit
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¤
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16 ¤ ¤ CENTRAL HH S Mwingi 17 AKIIRA, LONGONOT, OSERIAN III
7 Kilgoris Suswa
17 Thika GITARU 18 TWO RIVERS (diesel-solar)
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19 MASINGA S KITUIKAMBURU
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X S Nairobi E 20 SAGANA III
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Galu
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ga L KIPEVU III
n
400kV power line ni L KPR

220kV power line KWALE
0 Kilometres 200 SUGAR
(KISCOL) © African Energy 2018
132kV power line 0 Miles 100 Pemba I. (www.africa-energy.com)
TO TANGA
% with access 23.9 Planned 5,416 % with access 56.0
*Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi. Source: SEforALL, IMF Source: African Energy Live Data, July 2018. www.africa-energy.com/database *Kenya. Source: SEforALL, IMF

Angola
Ka ru n
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Tshikapa Biomass
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8 UTIUNDUMBO LUACHIMO
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Nzeto Songo 10 QUILEVA Dundo H
11 BIîPIO L
12 CALENGUE Carumbo
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L
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G E I TA Lake Karatu
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V
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L
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Wa
T
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a
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L G DANGOTE
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ng
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MO ZA MB I Q UE
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0 Kilometres 200
enda © African Energy 2018
Lug
% with access 40.5 Planned 13,747 % with access 32.8
*Angola. Source: SEforALL, IMF Source: African Energy Live Data, July 2018.www.africa-energy.com/database *Tanzania. Source: SEforALL, IMF

Namibia
ANGOLA ZAMBIA
Divundu ivi Strip Zambe 400kV initially
zi
Capr Katima Mulilo operating at 330kV
A NG O L A (Mahango SS)
V DC (Zambezi SS) VICTORIA
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PROJECT
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va
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ng
as main map
H Kunene
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H Hippo S Outapi Eenhana OHANGWENA ui
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Omuthiya WEST V 350kV NECTOR 33kV
0k DC
O M U S AT I 40
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an
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S C
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Khorixas Gerus INT 350
Otjiwarongo
S
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S PHATSIMO
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M I B I A
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S
Okahandja
Karibib S
Hentiesbaai Watterbank Osona Buitepos
S
ARANDIS CSP S Trekkopje Omaere Charles Hill
ERONGO DIAGRAM Wlotzkabaken Lithops S S
S VAN ECK (R) C Seeis Gobabis QUINTA
KHORIXAS CSP S Arandis Rssing mine Auas EJUVA S S
Swakopmund Khomas
NAMENERGY Husab mine I II
BREWERIES WINDHOEK
S NAMIBIA S
OLC ARANDIS S Walmund
Walvis Bay KHOMAS BOTSWANA
ANIXAS L Wortel 400k
V
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G ARK INDUSTRIES
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ATLANTIC S GREENAM S
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Aranos GABORONE
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400k
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V
e
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L L L Liquid fuels
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S MOMENTOUS Mier
S S S Solar (photovoltaic, S GREENAM
o
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op
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W W W Wind DIAZ W
M
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330-400kV power line
0kV
Pomona
40
220kV power line

400
SOUTH
kV
132kV power line Skorpion mine Grnau

66kV power line
Rosh Pinah
(Obib SS)
S
Karasburg AFRICA
S NARUCHAS
Substation (SS)
PROPOSED
Aussenkehr Rock
Harib
0 Kilometres 200 KUDU GAS PIPELINE G KUDU S ALCON
Noordoewer Or
ange
GAS FIELD Oranjemund (Khurub SS)
0 Miles 100
40
0k

V
(www.africa-energy.com) CSP: concentrated solar power (R): rehabilitation TO CAPE TOWN TO AGGENEYS TO ARIES

Operating 573 Population 2.3
Planned 3,403 % with access 51.8

Botswana
Za
ZA MB I A
mb
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TOR Ch
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ha DUKWE Mowana
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GR RTH C mine 66
ID W Ntwetwe Sowa Dukwe k V
CO ES Pan
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N RA
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(P EC Sua NORTH- APR BPC
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1) (NW SIO
TG N TSOSOLOSO t Matshelagabedi
Xhumo C)
2 Francistown
33kV
L. Xau Orapa Shashe C MABESEKWA
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Ghanzi
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e
GHANZI MMASHORO SESE Selebi-
C
TO OMAERE
M Serule Phikwe Bobonong
B O T S W A N A 33
kV
SECHABA C Phokoje
33
kV
Charles Hill 66
Serowe 33kV kV
33 k
V
A (R) C C Palapye
Takatshwaane MORUPULE B 66
33kV
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po
33kV
66kV
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m
33
Li
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33kV
TO WINDHOEK
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V
R I Artesia
C MEDUPI
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Hukuntsi Letlhakeng KGATLENG DOMESTIC POWER PROJECT
33kV
33
kV Rakola (formerly MOOKANE)
Isang
kV
Molepolole C MMAMANTSWE
33
66kV
D E S E R T S Thamaga x2 Mochudi oc
Cr
Sekoma Jwaneng od
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ile
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lo
p
C C C Coal
o
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Watershed
H H H Hydroelectric
b
Heuningvlei
S S S Concentrated solar power
SOUTH AFRICA 400kV power line
500MW +
220kV power line
100 Ð 499MW
r ts
Ha
132kV power line

0 Kilometres 200 10 Ð 99MW
33 / 66kV power line
0 Miles 100 1 Ð 9MW
© African Energy 2018 Substation (SS)
(www.africa-energy.com) * initially operating at 330kV (R): rehabilitation

Operating 795 Population 2.2

L
Lake Lake
48
n Sumbawanga
uv
tio Rukwa
u
ing uc d Tanganyika
a
G
erat nstr nne 500MW +
ha
a
a
Kalambo
Op Co Pl
ab
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100 Ð 499MW Pweto Great
G G G Natural gas Bay
Lual
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Lake Nkama Bay E TAN Z A NI A
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V
10 Ð 99MW
Lu b i l a s h
L L L Liquid fuels Mweru 33
Wantipa H Mpulungu A
33k
H Mbala T N Mbeya
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Zambia
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X X X Hybrid Kashikishi
i
H KUNDABIKWA
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Mporokoso I
Planned
bud
Nakonde
Lu
Operating
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fir
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l om So n g w e
un g
wi shi Lw
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T
Plants/projects
W W W Wind CHISHIMBA Nseluka
i
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sh
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¤ ¤ ¤ Geothermal Luwingu H Isoka
be
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m
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ha
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400kV power line Chinsali Muyombe
H FALLS Kasaba
Kolwezi
V
la
330kV power line
C Lake
824
Likasi
Mal
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6,045
2,965
Bangweulu
Luapu
132kV power line o 22
A
H ZENGAMINA II 0k 33kV H Chama

p V Mansa SHIWANGÕANDU
aw
66kV power line x2
Capacity (MW)
Tembwe
i
p Samfya
L
H MUJILA
MUCHINGA
33
Substation (SS) FALLS LUAPULA

Mwinilunga Lubumbashi
kV
-
ze Mpika
L
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m
)
Za a
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m
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t
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x2
FALLS L S LUSIWASI MALAWI
x2
Kabompo Kasempa Mpongwe Mkushi LUSIWASI LOWER Chipata
Zambezi Msoro
NOR TH-WESTERN kV MULEMBO 33
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e
EASTERN kV
LELYA
hi
fu
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s
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ku Azele
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wa
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ng
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H
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ng
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ing
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a
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V
88 Lusaka W Roma
88k V Rufunsa
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kV
22
x3
Mongu Chongwe L U S A K A
LUSAKA Leopards Hill Luangw CAHORA
Nampundwe Coventry
LOWER a L Lago de Cahora Bassa BASSA
kV
e bezi
x2
kV
H
88
WE STERN Kafu KAFUE Zam H
Za
88 x2
H L Kafue W
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V
L X (diesel-solar) KARIBA
BWENGWA RIVER ¤
0k 33k
33
Shangombo N BANK H KARIBA
% with access
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to
NGONYE
SOUTHERN H S BANK (Zimbabwe)
de
Chipepo
ra
H FALLS o we Zam
Those with access

Mulobezi Choma Maz
pg
be

x3
u
ze
C
ua Kalomo
kV
n Lake
Sa
V Muzuma
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33
do ZAMBEZI
ny
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kV
22
at
i
INTERCONNECTOR
33
Zimba
350kV DC Sesheke Maamba C Chinhoyi
ANGOLA Mwandi ZIZA
P BO Livingstone EMCO (Alaska SS)
RO
JECNA C C SINAZONGWE
Katima T*
4.6
Z I M B A B W E 0 Kilometres 200
27.2
16.7
Mulilo Kazungula 220kV VICTORIA MAAMBA
N A M I B I A (Zambezi SS) FALLS COLLIERIES
p H 0 Miles 100
Stri ti H H DEVILÕS GORGE
rivi

an ZIZ
A
Cap AB
ny
Li
ON BATOKA GORGE * initially operating at 330kV (www.africa-energy.com)
ON
22
BOTSWANA A

0
AB
kV
Hwange
ZIZ
Pandamatenga
LUSAKA Leopards Hill CAHORA BASSA
Lago de Cahora Bassa
H H
Za
Ka f
ue Songo
m
MPATA be
ezi ze
mb GORGE
Za
MOZAMBIQUE
KARIBA N BANK
Z A M B I A (Zambia) MASHONALAND
Planned
Operating
a
H HKariba
ib CENTRAL
KARIBA S
Construction
ar
e
K BANK Mount
m
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ya
we
Plants/projects
Mazo
ke
Man
MASHONALAND
La
Mutorashanga
Sa
WEST
nya
ti Bindura S RIVERSIDE
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Sesheke ZIZA GOKWE N Alaska Mazowe Mutoko
BONA C
PRO (SENGWA) 1 GAIREZI RIVER
Binga
615
Katima JEC 2 TSANGA
2,483
T* VICTORIA
10,238
Mulilo (Zambezi SS)
2 20k
V C 3 NYAMINGURA
FALLS BATOKA DEVILÕS C LUSULU 4 PUNGWE C
NAMIBIA (Zambia) HAR. HARARE

GORGE GORGE 5 PUNGWE B
Capacity (MW)
be H 42 420
kV Norton S HARAVA
ho Victoria 6 PUNGWE A
C
0k
Zambezi H H V Warren Chitungwiza
Falls Fylde 7 DURU 1
Dema L S Marondera
Z IZ
A Gokwe 8 HAUNA 2 H
Chegutu DEMA S H
ONA
BON
A CROSS MABALE Nyanga
B
CC S one lin BROMLEY 3
Kadoma 4 H
Hwange upgradede to be
ZIZA
to 420kV 5 HHH
SOUTHERN C KARO M A S H O N A L A N D Rusape 6 H Png
LUBU C RESOURCES E A S T u

Pandamatenga H 8
ENERGY C GWAYI
C MUNYATI C S
Mu OSBORNE 7
ny Nyazura (MANAKO)
Shangani Kwekwe ati H
42 Sherwood
0k
V Lupane Manica
Mutare
Z I M B A B W E 220kV MO Z
ISA
Haven Redcliff Orange
Grove 2
MIDLANDS
Mvuma
Re
M ATA B E L E L A N D
vu
Chertsey Ny MANICALAND

NORTH Gweru
azw
idz
i
TO INCHOPE
NTABAZINDUNA Inyati Shurugwi

Sa
BOTSWANA
bi
Gw
Nata Shangani CHIMANIMANI
ay
i H
T
Bulawayo C Tokwe Masvingo KUPINGA H

EC
Insukamini Marvel NYAHODE H

OJ
n S Esigodini H MUTIRIKWI
PR
g tio BULAWAYO Chipinge

A
tin ruc ed WARTRAIL Zvishavane

Plumtree Mbalabala
ZIS
p
O C
era onst lann
P S MASVINGO
MO
L L L Liquid fuels V
0k TOKWE-
22 MUKOSI H KONDO H
CSP
Mutirikwi
S S Run
C C C Coal Gwanda de CHISUMBANJE
H Triangle
H H H Hydroelectric West Nicholson MANYUCHI M Chiredzi
Francistown
w
Rutenga
HIPPO
en
S S S Solar (photovoltaic, M ATA B E L E L A N D
Population
VALLEY
ez
i

SOUTH Mbizi
% with access
Biomass 500MW + Save
Sh
Those with access

400kV power line ash
100 Ð 499MW e
330kV power line 10 Ð 99MW Selebi-Phikwe
66 / 88 / 132kV power line (Phokoje SS) BEITBRIDGE FARM S MOZAMBIQUE
1 Ð 9MW CHAPFUCHECHE S
Substation (SS) Beitbridge
Limpopo
5.5
38.1
14.5
0 Kilometres 200
0 Miles 100 SOUTH AFRICA
MOZISA

TO MATIMBA CSP: concentrated solar power
© African Energy 2018 (www.africa-energy.com) (SOUTH AFRICA) Nzhelele * initially operating at 330kV
49
Zimbabwe
Section
Mozambique
Lake sh
i TA N Z A N I A
Arqu
Bangweulu be Palma
Offshore
am
Rovuma
ip la g o das Quiri mb a s

Ch
Mocmboa Basin fields

a da Praia
vum
Lake Ro Tembo
Malawi Auasse
(Lago Mecula Rovuma Basin

C A B O Macomia
Messinge
Niassa) gas power plants:
ZAMBIA da DELGADO G GL ENERGY AFRICA
Mavago gen
Lu S KITAKA
G SHELL MOZAMBIQUE
a GRAPHITE METORO S L G YARA INTERNATIONAL
Muembe
gw MALAWI Marrupa MINE
Metoro
Pemba
an
L L Montepuez
Lu
Lichinga QUEDAS
NIASSA Balama IN D IAN
Chipata OCUA H
H
rio
LòRIO
RIVER
OC E AN
L PROJECT L
L AGGREKO
L KARADENIZ IREM SULTAN
NAMPULA
Nacala
Re
H S Nampula
vbo
TETE Cuamba L Central Monapo

CAHORA
Manjo Lake Nampula Namialo Moambique
Lago de 66kV Chilwa Nampula
Zambezi Cahora Bassa
BASSA N H MPHANDA- Tete Phombeya Guru 220
H NKUWA 2 Alto Molcu
Li
CAHORA Songo H 1 C
go
ZOA FALLS
nh
BASSA H LC 3
(Malawi)
a
5 C H Uape
Matambo Angoche
C M 4 ZAMBZIA
6
Sh
re
H
i
zowe Mocuba S MOCUBA Moma

Ma LUPATA Juan de Nova
H LICUNGO (Fr.)
Bindura
MOZAMBIQUE
500KV DC
Chimuara Nicuadala
Catandica Caia Zam Quelimane
ZIMBABWE MANICA
b L
ez
Marromeu
e
NHANCANGARE* H
Manica Chinde
1 BOROMA PçVUA Conceiao
2 NCONDEZI Chibata
Mutare H SOFALA
3 MOATIZE RENTAL, Chimoio Pngu
MOATIZE COAL H Inchope MAFAMBISSE
4 BENGA* 7
MILL
5 CHIRODZI HH Dondo
6 TERMOELCTRICA DE BENGA 89 L
7 CHICAMBA Revu
Beira
8 TSATE
9 MAVUZI
Buzi
Sofala
M O Z A M B I Q U E
10 XINAVANE MILL Chibabava C H A N N E L
CE
11 GIGAWATT MOZAMBIQUE
SU
12 CORUMANA
L
13 CENTRAL TERMICA DE MANICA

RESSANO GARCIA (CTRG)
14 ELEQTRA NAMAACHA TEMANE
Save Pande GG
Bassas da India
Inhassoro (Fr.)
DC Temane I. do Bazaruto
V
0k Vilankulo I. Bengurua
80
L
Limpopo SU n
CE g tio
tin ruc ed
era nst nn
DC Op Co Pla
V
Chang
an INHAMBANE
5k e G G G Natural gas
53 Mapai
SUBSTATION
L L L Liquid fuels
L
Massinga
SU
TO APOLLO
GAZA 500MW + C C C Coal

CE
MASSINGIR
(R) Inhambane
H Maxixe L
100 Ð 499MW M M M Coal bed methane
ts Lindelo Praia da
fan KUVANINGA H H H Hydroelectric
Oli G Rocha 10 Ð 99MW
G
Chkw S S S Solar photovoltaic
1* Ð 9MW
SOUTH M A P U T O 10 Lionde
Chibuto W W W Wind
AFRICA L Biomass
12 5kV Macia Xai-Xai
Komati-
poort 13 H 11 27 MOZAMBIQUE 500kV+ power line
ARNOT Manhia
G G CHANNEL 400kV power line
C 14 W
Infulene
MAPUTO L G 220kV power line
Ilha Inhaca
66k
110kV power line

V
o
C Salamanga
TO SECUNDA
Substation
ut
SWAZILAND
ap
CAMDEN
M
Ponta dÕOuro 0 Kilometres 300

0 Miles 150
*capacity unconfirmed (R): rehabilitation © African Energy 2018 (www.africa-energy.com)
Plants/projects Capacity (MW) Access to electricity* (2016, millions) Access to electricity* (2016, millions)
Operating 2,701 Population 28.8 Population 43.6
Construction 140 Those with access 7.0 Those with access 7.8
Planned 6,192 % with access 24.2 % with access 17.9
Source: African Energy Live Data, July 2018. *Mozambique. Source: SEforALL, IMF *Malawi, Madagascar. Source: SEforALL, IMF

Malawi, Madagascar, Indian Ocean islands
ji
1 h ud Njazidja
Ru ëles Glorieuses Cape
H 2 3 (Grande Comore) COMOROS (Fr.) Bobaomby
H H SONGWE RIVER BASIN Nzwani (Anjouan) L X (solar-biomass)
Chitipa DEVELOPMENT Mwali (Mohli)
33k Antsiranana
V PROGRAMME (SRBDP):
Karonga 1 BUPIGU Mayotte
L a k
u 2 SOFWE (Fr.) Ambilobe
NORTHERN uh 3 MANOLO Vohmar
Nosy Be L S
h
Ru
WOVWE H Chilumba Ambanja H ANDRANOMAMOFONA
(R) TA N Z A N I A MOZAMBIQUE
e
L H AMPANDRIAMBAZAHA
L
Livingstonia
CHANNEL Sambava
HH 4 M a
66kV
Andapa
5 4 LOWER FUFU
Rumphi 5 HIGH FUFU FALLS ENELEC L L
la
Bwengu 6 Chizumulu I. HENRI FRAISE FILS L Antalaha
Chama
u
ur 7 Likoma I.
ANTANANARIVO:
JIRAMA L Maroantsetra
w
wa
Mahajanga S
uk
L L Ruvu L MANDROSEZA
SR
ang
An
Mzuzu 66kV Nkhata ma
L NOOR I
ton
Lu
(Luwinga Bay Marovoay Mananara

L NOOR II (AGGREKO)
gil
substa.)
(Lake
33
Ba
LUWEYA H L
kV
y
Chintheche S SCALING SOLAR AMBODIROKA
Mzimba 6 7 H Fenoarivo
Atsinarnana Nosy Boraha
ANTAFOFO H (Fnrive Est)
ële Juan
ZAMBIA
Nyas
Ikopa
de Nova Ambatondrazaka
(Fr.)
Betsi
CHIMGONDA VOLOB L ENELEC
TSIMIRORO MAHAVOLA
H DWANGWA
SUGAR L
H H H H t III
boka
t IV Toamasina
a / Lago N
RANOMAFANA ANTOARA
H
Ambohimanambola: H MAHITSY
Kasungu 66kV S MOZAMBIQUE L AGGREKO
L
3 t H1 Ampasimanolotra
Tsiromandidy HH 2
Nkhotakota L L AKSAF POWER BEHENJY L H 4
MBONGOZI H
H 5 Vatomandry
L HENRI FRAISE FILS AMBOHIPIHAONANA
CENTRAL S 6 7 8
L HFO (R) Tsiribihina H 1 ANDEKALEKA
H H
MALAWI
Antsirabe
ias
2 AMBATOVY
L
H 9 3 MANDRAKA
Chipata H 10
a
(solar-biomass) X H X (hydro-solar)
nd
sa
Mania Ambositra 4 ANTELOMITA

Morondava
a
Mchinji SALIMA S Salima ANTETEZAMBATO

Luge
Bu
5 TSIAZOMPANIRY
MADAGASCAR
33
)
33
kV
0k
V LILONGWE PALMODZI 6 TSINJOARIVO
C 7 SAHOFIKA
Chipoka Monkey H Mananjary 8 LOHAVANANA (R)
66
x2 Bay NAMORONA 9 SAHANIVOTRY
kV 66kV 33kV
Fianarantsoa 10 TALAVIANA
y
KANENGO L S M angok
LILONGWE A,B L Golomoti
LILONGWE C L Mangochi Manakara
Ihosy
x3
KANENGO S Lake
Ntcheu Malombe L.Chiuta
S 8 KAMMWAMBA I II III
LILONGWE
9 NKULA SOUTHERN BETOAFO H H H
INDIAN
Liwonde Toliara
10 TEDZANI
11 MPATAMANGA
Balaka
(Phombeya substa.) ENELEC L C IMALOTO Vangaindrano OCEAN
Lake
12 KAPICHIRA
CAHORA Zomba Chilwa HFF L
BASSA Mwanza C 8 (solar-biomass) X
9 L ANKIDONA
H E- 10 H L RENTAL Manantenina
QU OR H
BI I L MAPANGA Taolagnaro
M AW ECT 11 H
Lago de A L
OZ MA NN atin
g Blantyre (Fort Dauphin) L QIT FORT DAUPHIN
Cahora M CO e r Ambovombe L QMM
Bassa ER y op kV 12 H H H MULANJE
T l l 0 MTN MASSIF 0 Kilometres 400
IN tia 22
i t NCHALO H
(in a
Ruo
Tete SUGAR ZOA FALLS Cape Vohimena 0 Miles 200

(Matambo substa.) Sh
ire
Bangula
Maz owe
ZIM. Zam
be
Aride
33
ze 500MW +
INDIAN
kV
Curieuse Anse
0 Kilometres 200 100 Ð 499MW Volbert
Nsanje OCEAN Praslin Flicit
0 Miles 100 Grande Anse L Marianne
10 Ð 99MW BAIE
North
MOZAMBIQUE STE ANNE La Digue
n 1* Ð 9MW
g tio
tin ruc ed S E Y CHE LLE S
p era onst lann *3MW in Madagascar (R): rehabilitation Silhouette
O C P NEW PORT (VICTORIA B) L
1 MDINE SUGAR Cap Malheureux ROCHE CAIMAN (VICTORIA C) L
L L L Liquid fuels 2 BAMBOUS SARAKO Grand Baie PORT VICTORIA W
3 LA FERME MT CHOISY S Goodlands ROMAINVILLE S Frgate
C C C Coal 4 CEB HENRIETTA, Bel Ombre
Ste Anne
TERRAGEN MAPOU ële au Cerf
t t t Thermal unknown HENRIETTA
5 TAMARIND FALLS
X (coal-bagasse)
VICTORIA S LAGOON LA ROCHER
FT. GEORGE L MON LOISIR
Capucins
6 PLAINE SOPHIE Mah
X X X Hybrid NICOLAY t W PLAINE DES ROCHES
7 SYNNOVE
LÕESPRANCE FT. VICTORIA L S SYNNOVE PORT-
PETITE 0 Kilometres 30 Anse Royale
H H H Hydroelectric RETRAITE
LOUIS Centre de Flacq 0 Miles 15
LES GRANDES SALINES L X ALTEO ENERGY FLACQ
S S S Solar photovoltaic ST LOUIS L AIA S 7 (coal-bagasse) © African Energy 2018 (www.africa-energy.com)
H
W W W Wind ële Rodrigues:
2 3
1 S H M A URI TI US CTrou dÕEau
Douce Mitsamiouli
W GRENADE SE CEL BEAU Njazidja
¤ ¤ ¤ Geothermal L POINTE MONNIER Vacoas-Phoenix Wooton Grand River CHAMP (Grande Comore)
L PORT MATHURIN S S 4
5 H LE VAL H H CHAMPAGNE Mbni
Biomass/ waste gas W TRFLES Hahaia
t 6W H FERNEY
400kV power line RIVIRE NOIRE SOTRAVIC MARE
VOIDJOU L Koimbani INDIAN
Mahbourg ITSAMBOUNI L
CHICOSE LANDFILL
INDIAN MORONI L OCEAN
220kV power line Pointe Sud Ouest QUADRAN BRITANNIA W Union Vale ¤ KARTHALA
0 Kilometres 20 CASCADE X
OTEOLB
OCEAN L
132kV power line CECILE H Foumbouni
C (coal-bagasse)
0 Miles 10 Surinam OTEOSA
33 / 66kV power line
CO M O RO S Nzwani
(Anjouan)
Ouani
Capacity (MW) Malawi Madagascar Mauritius Mwali Mutsamudu TRATINGUA
H
Operating 382 907 818 (Mohli) L TRNANI L Domoni
0 Kilometres 50 Fomboni
Construction 42 1 28 Ndrondroni
Planned (to 2023*) 1,522 3,668 544.8 0 Miles 25

South Africa, Swaziland, Lesotho
Gauteng: Mpumalanga (inset):

L PALACE OF THE DE WILDT
LOST CITY Hammankraal Tweefontein 1 Phoebus 20 Etna 1 Vulcan
1 Pelly ts 2 Kwagga 21 Quatro 2 Emkhiweni
4 Soshanguve Stoffberg
n
WATERVAL ELAND 3 Wildebees 22 Fordsburg 3 Rockdale
ifa
MINE C W ROOIWAL 4 Njala 23 Prospect 4 Kruispunt
Ol
2 5
FERRO 7 Ekalanga
3 6 INT.
METALS
L 1 5 Verwoerdburg 24 Jupiter, Simmerpan 5 Sasol B
Belfast
Rustenburg
t
t Brits
S
PRETORIA Middelburg 6 Minerva 25 Eiger 6 Sasol
8 2 C 3 BRONKHORST-
SPRUIT 1
Witbank 7 Benburg 26 Silauma (Brenner B) Mpumalanga (main map):
RUSTMO1 S 2 ABSA CAMPUS
Centurion5 4 (eMalahleni) 3 8 Esselen 27 Brenner 7 Prairie
L MERCHANT PL. 2 DUVHA 9 Lepini 28 Pieterboth 8 Gumeni
NORTH 6 Apollo KUSILE C C C ARNOT
S 10 Kyalani 29 Nevis
WEST
JÕBURG 11
LANDFILL Midrand 9 Tembisa C C 11 Lulamisa 30 Carmel
9 Marathon
10 Khanyazwe
8
Krugersdorp 12 13 10 HENDRINA C 12 Demeter 31 Midas
C
KELVIN
7 KENDAL
17 18Sandton1415 C KHANYISA C
Carolina 13 Craighall 32 Bernina, Hera
North West:
1 Ngwedi
16
Johannesburg Benoni 29 Delmas 4 KOMATI 14 Donatello 33 Olympus 2 Ararat
x2 Pluto
Soweto 22 23
Germiston C KRIEL Hendrina
15 Northrand, Sebenza 34 Rigi 3 Trident
C MATLA
Mooi
Springs
Westonaria 19 20 21 24 25 27 x228 Breyton
16 Croydon 35 Verdun 4 Marang B
17 Westgate 36 Glockner,
30 31 L LS 26 Nigel MPUMALANGA 18 Princess Kookfontein
5 Marang
Carletonville 32 G A U T E N G Heidelberg rand 5
6
Secunda
Bethal Ermelo 19 Taunus 37 Snowdon
6
7
Bighorn
Dinaledi
EZULWINI MINE 36 37 os CG
S DEEP MINE Evaton35 rb 8 Anderson,
Suike eMbalenhle SASOL SYNFUELS
33 Vereeniging Balfour C Lomond
Vanderbijlpark CAMDEN
8 34 C TUTUKA
Potchefstroom
7 G 9 Atlas x2 C Zeus
Greylingstad
S C Alpha Vaa
l
a Sasolburg
al
V GROOTVLEI
Parys 10 Deneysville Standerton Molo
Amersfoort
No
po
sso
Vredefort Villiers
MAJUBA C Lambda
b
LETHABO Klip
Renoster Frankfort
Heilbron Tshabong
Volksrust 132
k V
Northern Cape:
i
F R E E S TAT E
s Vle
S Vrede 1 Ferrum
Wil
HEUNINGSPRUIT 2 Manganore Heuningvlei

erg
KWAZULU-
ge
NATAL 3 Olien
nb
Kroonstad
Va 4 Ulco
be
ls Lie Incandu
0 Kilometres 100
Reitz Newcastle G
SACC t
0 Miles 50
TO KEETMANSHOOP Chivelston, S HOTAZEL
Ingagane Hotazel
S MT.ROPER
Fish
KATHU S ADAMS II S S
Kuruman
SISHEN S
NA MI B I A KATHU CSP S Kathu
S KHI SOLAR ONE CSP 1
Mol o
S KIWANO CSP
po
S SIRIUS PROJECT ONE DANIELSKUIL
RIEMVASMAAK Lewensaar 2 S
KUDU AUGRABIES Upington KARASHOEK 3
Harib SKUITDRIFT I, II S Postmasburg S S S
DYASONÕS SOLAR ONE CSP
G KLIP I, II
S
RE P
Oranjemond
CS ER
Paulputs
JA ED
LE
Oranjemund S H KEIMOES S S
DS
S S
SP I
S
Alexander Bay
TO
KAXU SOLAR S H S BOKPOORT S
S
NE
Orang I S CSP Garona
S ONE CSP Kakamas
NEUSBERG
e
II S Groblershoop H BOEGOEBERG HERBERT S
KONKOONSIES XINA SOLAR
Ha
t be
ONE CSP
r
es Nieuwehoop WOUTERSPAN Douglas

Aggeneys Pofadder Or MINE L
S Kenhardt ang
A T LA NT I C Gromis Nama
AGGENEYS
ARIES
S
e S S II
GREEFSPAN S
W KANGNAS
O CEA N Kleinzee W
Springbok COPPERTON
DISSELFONTEIN
NORTHERN CAPE W GAROB W

Prieska
MULILO PRIESKA S
S Kronos
S O U T H
S
LOERIESFONTEIN
n MULILO TOTAL PRIESKA
g tio KHOBAB
WW
tin ruc ed Brandvlei MULILO SONNEDIX PRIESKA Britstown
era nst nn Helios S SOLAR CAPITAL
Op Co Pla ORANGE
G G G Natural gas LONGYUAN MULILO W

Loeriesfontein Carnarvon DE AAR MAANHAARBERG
On
L L L Liquid fuels* ge
rs
2 2 2 Gas & liquid fuels Williston
x2
BELLATRIX S
1,000MW + Juno Calvinia Victoria West
C C C Coal SERE W Sa
k Gamma
S
Fish
t t t Other thermal 100 Ð 999MW Vredendal W

KLAWER NOBLESFONTEIN W
10 Ð 99MW Fraserburg
N N N Nuclear
O
Clanwilliam
lifa
H H H Hydroelectric 4 Ð 9MW
nts
Beaufort West
S S S Solar (photovoltaic, S PALEISHEUWEL Drorivier W
except where marked CSP) Citrusdal
SOETWATER ABERDEEN
Western Cape: WEST COAST ONE S AURORA x2
W W W Wind 1 Sterrekus RIETVLEI KARUSA W
2 Muldersvlei Vredenburg
W ROGGEVELD W W
Biomass 3 Stikland Aurora HOPEFIELD
4 Philippi Saldanha
ARCELOR MITTAL
G
W W Moorreesburg Kappa W Komsberg
PERDEKRAAL E ka
Biomass & coal m Willowmore
5 Erica
GOUDA W Laingsburg Ga
6 Pinotage SLIMSUN SWARTLAND S Touwsrivier
765kV power line 7 Asteria
ANKERLIG L Malmesbury
Ceres S TOUWSRIVIER WESTERN CAPE
535kV power line Worcester
KOEBERG, DUYNEFONTEIN N N 1 2 Oudtshoorn
x2
400kV power line

Paarl Bacchus Montagu
ACACIA L Cape 3 Stellenbosch Robertson Narina
Swellendam George
200/275kV power line ATHLONE L Town 4 56 Somerset West Riversdale Proteus
Agulhas L Knysna Plettenberg
G os AP A
ROGGEBAAI L H H W Caledon re
ro se
Lower voltage power line Bay

B
M THC IKW
W ed
ot l B
Cape of 7 DASSIESKLIP
M UR
e
GO
E
Br a
Good Hope Hermanus EXCELSIOR

Substation (SS)
ak y
STEENBRAS PS
riv
PALMIET PS Bredasdorp
ie
r
0 Kilometres 200
*some fuel oil plants will be converted in Cape Agulhas
0 Miles 100 the future to run on natural gas

Section
TO TRIANGLE
TO PHOKOJE Z IM B A B WE
Beitbridge
Musina
Nzhelele x2 Ch
popo MUTSHO C a
Lim ng
Thohoyandou
an
Mogalakwena
SOUTPAN S
B OTS WA NA TOM BURKE
Sand
e
Louis
ZISA
S Trichardt
THABAMETSI Ga-Seleka
MO
Giyani
MATIMBA Tabor
MMAMABULA C Spencer
C C units
Lephalale LIMPOPO MO ZAMBIQUE
Masa C MEDUPI iv-vi
Polokwane Mankweng Phalaborwa
C units i-iii Borutho
S Ofcolaco
Foskor
Mokopane WITKOP Olifa
V
2k
Isang nts im
13
Lebowakgomo
L
Hoedspruit po
Free State: Mookgophong Leseding po
1 Perseus Thabazimbi L SMOKEY HILLS
GABORONE N yl Acornhoek
x2
2 Beta Modimolle MINE
Dwaalboom Merensky
3 Serumula Senakangwedi
4 Theseus 132
kVx Spitskop Bela-Bela Warmbad Senakangwedi B
5 Everest 3 Silimela omati
L Mashishing nc
Marico
6 Leander
I
Tubatse (Lydenburg)
x2
7 Scafell PILANESBURG Siyabuswa Simplon

C ro c o
MINE 9 MALELANE MILL

8 Igesi Mbombela
9 Makalu ZEERUST (Nelspruit) 10 Komatipoort
Ngwedi
dil
10 Highveld S PRETORIA
e
Middelburg 7 NGODWANA KOMATI MILL

Mahikeng Rustenburg (biomass-coal)
Mahikeng 8 MILL Barberton MAPUTO
(Mafikeng) Watershed
Apollo Witbank Kom 1
(eMalahleni) ati H 2 Ilha Inhaca
Lichtenburg Johannesburg MPUMALANGA MBABANE
3
Ventersdorp
NORTH WEST Coligny
GAUTENG 10 H
4
C
uto
Evaton eMbalenhle Manzini 5 S Swaziland:
Amsterdam 9
Map
CAPELLA S Delareyville Potchefstroom BUSBY H
Vereeniging Zeus SAWMILL
H
H Lusutfu 6 1 MAGUGA
Selemo
Stillfontein Alpha H 11 12 13 2 MHLUME SUGAR
Vryburg Hermes 8 3 SIMUNYE SUGAR
Klerksdorp Vaa
Mookodi Schweizer-
S Reneke
Sasolburg l Madlanzini
20
SWAZILAND 4 LUBHUKU
Mercury Lambda Piet Retief 5 WUNDERSIGHT
a
Nhlangano
ngol
WATERLOO BOKAMOSO S K (eMkhondo) 132kV 7S L. Sibaya 6 UBOMBO SUGAR
s Makwassie Bothaville 7 LAVUMISA
Po
t
lip
r Pongola Jozini
Ha al 8 NGWEMPISI
Va Paulpietersburg 9 BHUNYA
Bloemhof ze
M ku 19
Wilg
Val 10 EZULWINI LUPHOHLO

s Vryheid
Jan Odendaalsrus Newcastle Mkuze 11 EDALWENI
Nongoma
e
Kempdorp 6 Nzalo 12 MAGUDUZA

Christiana Welkom S S Warden Bloedrivier K W A Z U L U -
Ash
5 STEYNSRUS Lake 13 LOWER MAGUDUZA

Virginia 1 2 Dundee
Warrenton Pegasus x2 Umfolozi St. Lucia
Bultfontein x2 4 Bethlehem Sorata Harrismith INGULA Ulundi
Ve
Mtubatuba
4 Barkly PS H
t
West I II
BOSHOF
S S
CASTOR Theunissen Senekal KRUISVALLEI H
STORTEMELK H 1
N A T A L Duma UMFOLOZI MILL
S S DROOGFONTEIN x2 1 FREE STATE 2 Ladysmith 15 16 17
x2
Delivery tunnel
3 H Tuge 14 18 G
al
2 Mod la
Va
Ficksburg 132kV H H C Empangeni Richards Bay

so
Kimberley Boundary de
Merapi DRAKENSBERG COLENSO MONDI CHP
mat
S MUELA
Richie PS Eshowe
Maputsoe 4 Estcourt
LETSATSI FELIXTON MILL
r
Thaba
Riet
Maliba
S Nchu Ladybrand Greytown AMATIKULU MILL

PULIDA
Harvard
Bloemfontein 13
2k
Teyateyaneng H AVON x 2 TUGELA MILL
DARNALL MILL
u
Botshabelo
V
MASERU Se
nq
Howick 56 L KwaDukuza (Stanger)
Riet 12
Hopetown
32
kV KOBONG PS Pietermaritzburg 13
MAIDSTONE MILL
x3
Ora
ng
e
Wepener 1
S NEO
SOLAR
LESOTH O Um
Ariadne 7 8
9
O
Tongaat
KING SHAKA AIRPORT KwaZulu-Natal:
VANDERKLOOF Mpumalanga Durban 1 Tugela
on
W SEMONKONG zim
H (Roodekuil SS) DURBAN 10 C TONGAAT HULETT REFINERY 2 Danskraal
led
A F R I C A
KALKBULT MohaleÕs zu ETHEKWINI 11
ge) l 3 Bloukrans
Ca
S Hoek ran SAICCOR MILL 4 Venus

u
3 (O 5 Mersey
u Umzinto
LONGYUAN MULILO Springfontein Zastron nq Cedarville
W DE AAR II NORTH Se Kokstad ETHALA 6 Isundu
7 Georgedale, Hector
S DU PLESSIS Colesberg H Eros
ow
St.Faiths 8 Shongweni
Hydra DREUNBERG
Umzimvu
Rhodes 9 Klaarwater
ac
De Se GARIEP S Aliwal Port Shepstone

Aar (Ruitgevallei SS) North Kraai 10 Durban S
S LINDE Burgersdorp 11 Illovo
bu Port Edward 12 Inyaninga
W NOUPOORT Steynsburg 13 Durban N
Elliot 14 Mbewu
Molteno Mthatha FIRST Lusikisiki
x2
S DE AAR Middelburg W DORPER FALLS 15 Athene

S MULILO DE AAR
(Umtata)
Vuyani
H I N D I A N 16 Invubu
S SOLAR CAP. DE AAR I H SECOND
FALLS Port St. Johns 17 Rabbit
S SOLAR CAP. DE AAR III Queenstown O C E A N 18 Impala
19 Iphiva
Delphi H 20 Normandie
Gr COLLYWOBBLES
Graaf- Cradock ea
Whittlesea tK Renewable Energy Independent
Aberdeen Reinet ei Butterworth
EASTERN CAPE Power Producer Programme (REIPPP)
COOKHOUSE Fort ROUND 1: 1,441MW
Poseidon WWW NXUBA Beaufort Stutterheim W
ROUND 2: 1,058MW
NOJOLI CHABA
Cookhouse Pembroke ROUND 3: 1,659MW
W Bhisho Neptune
Sunda GOLDEN VALLEY W ROUND 4: 2,206MW (initial & expanded allocation)
ys Fish Gonubie
AMAKHALA EMOYENI Great Mdantsane
Klipplaat Buffalo L East London Small Projects Independent
Grahamstown PORT REX Power Producer Programme (SPIPPP)
W
x2
Kirkwood W WESLEY-CISKEI ROUND 1: 52MW

GRASSRIDGE WAAINEK ROUND 2: 50MW
Uitenhage W L DEDISA Port Alfred
JEFFREYÕS BAY 3
TSITSI- KOUGA W
x COEGA G
KAMMA W W Port Elizabeth CSP: concentrated solar power PS: pumped storage © African Energy 2018 (www.africa-energy.com)
WW METROWIND L MOUNT
W
GIBSON NVAN STADENS ROAD
JeffreyÕs Bay
BAY THYSPUNT Plants/projects* Capacity (MW) Access to electricity* (2016, millions)
OYSTER BAY Operating 53,057 Population 55.6
Construction 6,998 Those with access 46.8
*South Africa. *South Africa.

Consultancy
Bespoke consultancy and advisory services
African Energy provides market intelligence to support Services

decision-making throughout all stages of the project
development and investment cycle. • Political and economic risk
Our work draws on two decades of corporate • Policy and regulatory analysis
experience monitoring and analysing markets, politics,
• Stakeholder mapping
projects and emerging trends throughout the
continent. • Competitor analysis
Among our major institutional clients are the Africa-EU • Market entry strategies
Energy Partnership (AEEP) and the Infrastructure
Consortium for Africa (ICA), for which we have acted • Sector monitoring
as consultants since 2012 and 2013 respectively. Our
• Supply and demand forecasting
private client base include a range of energy and
finance companies. • Energy pricing
ELECTRICITY SUPPLY / DEMAND FORECASTS GAS PRODUCTION FORECASTS (base case scenario)
110,572MW
70,000 250
Panthre Gazelle
Total of all Manta (incl. Bubale,
Mmscfd
proposed projects Hippo, Impala)
MW Marlin
200 Baobab
Mahi
Espoir
60,000 Foxtrot
Government target 150

reserve margin
50,000 100
Peak load with 20%

reserve margin 50
40,000
Peak load 0
2013 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
30,000
Contact
African Energy supply forecasts
20,000
Government supply targets
David Slater, Senior Project Manager
10,000 T: 44 (0)1424 721667

E: david@africa-energy.com
W: www.africa-energy.com/consultancy
0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Source: African Energy
(shown for illustrative purposes only)
Upstream oil and gas
NATIONAL OIL AND GAS COMPANIES

AND STATE REGULATORS
Entreprise Tunisienne
dÕActivits Ptrolires (Etap)
Onhym
Sonatrach National Oil Egyptian

Alnaft Corporation General
(NOC) Petroleum
Corporation
(EGPC)
Socit
Mauritanienne des
Hydrocarbures et de
Patrimoine Minier
(SMHPM)
Autorit pour Socit des Sudapet Petroleum Corporation
la Promotion de la Hydrocarbures OEPA of Eritrea (PCE)
Petrosen Recherche Ptrolire du Tchad
GNPC (Aurep) (SHT)
Petroguin
NNPC
Ghana Gas
DPR
Petroleum Directorate GNPC
Ptroci Nilepet
Petrocom
Nocal Socit Nationale Somalia Petroleum
des Hydrocarbures Corporation (SPC)
GEPetrol, SONAGAS (SNH)
UNOC
ANP-STP PAU National Oil
Corporation
GOC
of Kenya
DGH Congolaise des (Nock)
Alnaft: Agence Nationale pour la Valorisation Hydrocarbures
SNPC (Cohydro) PetroSeychelles
des Ressources en Hydrocarbures
ANP-STP: Agncia Nacional do Petrleo de So Tom e Prncipe Tanzania Petroleum
Development Corporation
DGH: Direction Gnrale des Hydrocarbures (TPDC)
DPR: Department of Petroleum Resources
GNPC: Gambia National Petroleum Company National Oil
Sonangol Company
GNPC: Ghana National Petroleum Corporation of Malawi
GOC: Gabon Oil Company (Nocma)
Nocal: National Oil Company of Liberia
Office des Mines Nationales
NNPC: Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation Empresa Nacional et des Industries Stratgiques
OEPA: Oil Exploration and Production Authority de Hidrocarbonetas (Omnis)
National de Moambique
Onhym: Office Nationale des Hydrocarbures et des Mines Petroleum (ENH)
Corporation
PAU: Petroleum Authority of Uganda of Namibia Instituto Nacional
(Namcor) de Ptroleo (INP)
Petrocom: Petroleum Commission, Ghana
Ptroci: Socit Nationale dÕOprations Ptrolires de la Cte dÕIvoire
Petrosen: Socit des Ptroles du Sngal
PetroSA
SNPC: Socit Nationale des Ptroles du Congo Petroleum
SONAGAS: Sociedad Nacional de Gas G.E. Agency SA Progress towards the
UNOC: Uganda National Oil Company 2016 EITI Standard:
Satisfactory progress
Meaningful progress
Inadequate progress /
OPEC GECF EITI suspended
Yet to be assessed
African African African

members of the members of the implementing
Organization of Gas Exporting countries of the
the Petroleum Countries Extractive
Exporting Forum Industries
Countries Transparency
Initiative

North Africa
New plays and economic pressure open

new North Africa opportunities
Led by Egypt’s Zohr development and positive news from Morocco, the pace of North Africa’s hydrocarbons
activity is picking up, with change on the way even in Algeria’s challenging business environment
T
he prospects for North African oil and gas look better The history of upstream licensing in Algeria provides good
now than at any time since the popular but ultimately arguments for caution. Since the failure of its 2014 licensing
unsuccessful political uprisings of 2011 pitched the region round, the regulator Agence Nationale pour la Valorisation des
into chaos and uncertainty. Egypt has led the way with the Ressources en Hydrocarbures (Alnaft) has not offered any more
breakneck development of its huge deep water Nile Delta gas blocks. As the preceding four rounds also failed, the March 2004
discovery. Morocco dreams of becoming a hydrocarbons round was the last one to have been judged a success. Even then,
province and even Algeria is being impelled towards a more hindsight tells a different story. Out of eight licences issued, just
investor-friendly stance as reserves decline. Only in Tunisia and three resulted in discoveries, one of which, Petroceltic’s Isarène
Libya is there little hope of renaissance. permit, went into commercial development. First gas is now
planned for 2020, after 16 years of development. This is a
Eni’s Zohr discovery, close to Egypt’s maritime boundary with
standard timeframe for Algeria but is punishingly expensive for
Cyprus, started production in December 2017, two and a half
IOCs. The resulting financial pressure was a key factor in the
years after it was discovered. The commissioning of the third
aggressive takeover of the Dublin-based independent by
production unit in May 2018 took production to 1.1bcf/d,
Worldview Capital Management in 2016, the ejection of its
expected to reach 2bcf/d by end-2018. The discovery has been
existing management and the wipe-out of the original
transformational not just in geological terms – it proved a new
shareholders – hardly an encouraging precedent.
carbonate play in the Levantine Basin, which stretches most of
the way up the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea – but IOCs are looking for the sort of upside that Eni has in Egypt, or
because it showcased Cairo’s determination to work with perhaps even more surprisingly that AIM-listed Sound Energy
international oil companies (IOCs) to get new resources into has found in eastern Morocco. In June 2018, Sound submitted a
production in timeframes that were previously considered development application for the Tendrara gas discovery, which it
impossible. expects to produce 60mcf/d of natural gas.The development has
become a central part of the kingdom’s energy strategy since
Eni has brought other fields such as Nooros into production
officials now believe the reserves are sufficient to stop taking gas
under its “near field” strategy based on developing additional
through the Maghreb-Europe gas pipeline when Morocco’s
reserves close to existing infrastructure. It also plans exploration
import contract with Algeria expires in 2020-21.
at the Noor field in the same Shorouk licence as Zohr, hoping
to replicate or even exceed its success. Similarly, Italy’s Edison, Tunisia and Libya continue to struggle for different reasons.
which has rights to the concessions adjacent to Shorouk, expects Tunisia suffers from a lack of resources in a region known for
to start exploration in 2019. In February 2018, BP brought its its abundance. Petrofac has sold its interests in the Chergui gas
Atoll offshore field onstream 33 months after discovery via an field to Perenco, and Shell, which acquired the country’s largest
early production scheme. Royal Dutch Shell expects to increase gas fields via its takeover of BG Group, is looking for a buyer.
production from its West Nile Delta fields in 2018 and 2019 Austria’s OMV continues the drawn-out development of the
and is also resuming deep water exploration. Capitalising on this southern Tunisia Nawara gas project, now expected to produce
interest, in May 2018 both Egyptian General Petroleum first gas in 2019.
Corporation and Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Company Libya remains hamstrung by its ongoing civil conflict. From
launched new upstream licensing rounds. mid-2016 to mid-2018, National Oil Corporation (NOC) and
its joint venture partners achieved production of close to 1m
Regional rivalry b/d, and Eni managed a large offshore redevelopment at Bahr
How far one country’s hydrocarbons authorities are influenced Essalam by using Malta as supply base. However, the deal
by their neighbours’ policy decisions is difficult to judge. But between the Tripoli-based NOC and Cyrenaica-based Libyan
whether motivated by rivalry, the need to compete globally, or National Army that had ensured steady oil production broke
merely because it has similar domestic economic pressures, down in mid-2018, threatening further destabilisation of the
Algeria looks likely to open its upstream sector to foreign critically weak economy. Eastern Libya strongman Field Marshal
investment for the first time in more than a decade. It has a long Khalifa Haftar’s attempt to hand over the main Oil Crescent
way to go to regain the trust of IOCs, so the rapid pace of fields and facilities east of Sidra to the Al-Baida-based parallel
contract renegotiations with its current joint venture partners NOC management was short-lived, but the crisis further
is an encouraging sign. Draft revisions to the hydrocarbons law postpones the already distant day when Libya’s hydrocarbons
are expected to be published in early 2019 if not sooner and wealth could help drive the regeneration of the shattered
could lead to a new exploration licensing round. country.

MEDITERRANEAN
20
KO KNITRA OFFSHORE MB MOULAY BOUCHTA 20 SPAIN Gibraltar (UK) 0m
BASIN Onshore sedimentary basin Chariot Oil & Gas MO MOHAMMEDIA OFFSHORE 00 20
0m
ar I Alborn SEA
m
LN LALLA MIMOUNA N Chariot Oil & Gas ibralt II
Open block Strait of G Ceuta (Sp.) (Sp.)
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DEEP ONSHORE E NOTE: Map shows blocks
Former Spanish Sahara under OFFSHORE
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UN mandate pending final OFFSHORE Moroccan state company
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* Onhym retains an interest in
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all reconnaissance contracts,
Y
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We stern Sahara exploration permits and 0 Km 200
A
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(under UN mandate) petroleum agreements
0 Miles 100
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EL
0m Smara © African Energy 2018
20
MAURITANIA (www.africa-energy.com)
57
Morocco
Algeria
GASDOTTO ALGERIA
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3 BOU HADID Neptune 21 HASSI MÕSARI
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5 DECHEIRA CNPC 23 TIGFERMAS
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16 AFFLISSES 34 DJOUA
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Oil pipeline/s [O prefix]
future?
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future? M A L I Mokhtar
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future?
Oil refinery / future?
Gas processing plant / future? NIG ER
Oil tanker terminal In Guezzam
0 Kilometres 300
and export terminal * Sonatrach Ð BP Ð Statoil joint venture
0 Miles 150 ** jointly operated by Sonatrach Ð Total Ð Cepsa

Section
EL HADJIRA TOUGGOURT II TOUGGOURT E II © African Energy 2018
OB1,OB2,OK
HAMADET EL GUELTA (www.africa-energy.com)
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HASSI BP BP
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TERRIA IKEBRANE W
0 Kilometres 100
AMASRALAD
0 Miles 50
2017 Oil Gas

Production 1.54m b/d 91.2bcm
Consumption 400,000 b/d 38.9bcm
Proved reserves 12.2bn bbls 4.3tcm
Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy, June 2018

Tunisia
Open block
1 0 0 0m Licensed block
METLINE
KEF ABBED TISKRAYA Concessions:
SIDI Egadi Is.
JALTA AMOR oil field undeveloped
oil field producing
Mazaro Sicily
del Vallo gas field undeveloped
La Galite gas field producing
KORBOUS Oil pipeline
ENRICO MATTEI /
00 m Bizerte
20 TRANS-MEDITERRANEAN
0m (TRANSMED) Gas pipeline
100 ZAHRAT Golfe
KERKOUANE
future?
ADX Energy
Tabarka
MEDYEN de Tunis El Haouaria (Alpine I TA LY LPG pipeline
BIZERTE Oil & Gas)
La Goulette CAP Pantelleria Oil refinery
AIN
TIBAR
Bja TUNIS BON BARGOU
Dragon HAMMAMET
SOLTANE LE KEF BENI KHALED OFFSHORE Gas processing plant
Primoil EL MENZAH 1000
Storm Ventures m
ERREND BELLI ZINNIA (MedcoEnergi)
ZELFA MREZGA Oil tanker terminal
JOUGAR Hammamet
YASMINE BIRSA
MAAMOURA LNG liquefaction plant
Le Kef BARGOU COSMOS OUDHNA and export terminal
Dragon
SAOUAF Golfe de 0 Kilometres 100
Uplandres BARAKA Hammamet MAHDIA
MELLEGU KAIROUAN Circle Oil
Sbikha EL GARSI Linosa 0 Miles 50
Oum HALK
Khelil Sousse Monastir EL MENZEL
Kairouan Msaken
KABOUDIA OIL AND GAS FIELDS
SIDI EL JEM Numhyd Lampione AND THEIR OPERATORS
SALEM CHEBBA
Thani MARIN (from north to south)
Tunisia Mahdia Lampedusa
DOULEB
CAP BON Etap
SEMMAMA KSOUR ESSAF MACTARIS BENI KHALED Exxoil
Kasserine
TAMESMIDA
EL MENZAH Ecumed
MEZOUNA BELLI Ecumed
SIDI EL
ITAYEM ZINNIA Winstar (Serinus)
Friana CHORBANE RHEMOURA CHAFFAR ZELFA Lundin
SIDI CERCINA ZAPHIR
BEHARA MAAMOURA Eni Tunisia
TTEI / GREMDA ëles Kerkenah
O MA YASMINE Storm Ventures
ENRICRANS- CHAAL EL HAJEB GUEBIBA CHERGUI
T
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NORD DES Etap MAHRES Sfax CERCINA S AMILCAR A
BG Tunisia (Shell)
(MedcoEnergi)
ERRA CHOTTS COSMOS Storm Ventures
MEDITANSMED) Etap SUF EITULA RAS EL BESH
(TR SFAX (MedcoEnergi)
Gafsa HANNIBAL, OFFSHORE MISKAR
HASDRUBAL
DNO (Panoro) JOINT EXPLORATION AREA BIRSA Top Energy
T U N I S I A
FPSO
La Skhira ASHTART Joint Oil OUDHNA Lundin
MIDE S BARAKA Eni Tunisia
Chott FUTURE? Golfe de Gab s HASDRUBAL HALK EL MENZEL Topic SA
jaj AMILCAR B
El Gharsa Tozeur El Fe NAWARA PROJECT DOULEB Serept*
MAJOURA Chott FUTURE? ële de Jerba
BG Tunisia (Shell)
SEMMAMA Serept*
Ghannouch OUEDHREF
Ch ot t Gabs LA CHENINI
FPSO
TAMESMIDA Serept*
E l Jer id Kebili SKHIRA ROBBANA DIDON SIDI EL ITAYEM CFTP
CHANCHOU
JEBIL NORD
ZARAT SIDI BEHARA CFTP
TAMAZRET MEDININE Zarzis KSAR Etap GREMDA Etap
EL FRANIG EZZAOUIA
HBS EZZAOUIA RHEMOURA Etap
SABRIA EL EL HAJEB GUEBIBA Etap
Mdinine BIBANE
MAHRES Eni Tunisia
BAGUEL
EL WAHA CHERGUI Perenco
ZAAFRANE TAGUELMIT
Mazarine DOUIRET CERCINA Etap
Energy Ben CERCINA S Etap
Mazarine Guardane
Energy FROM
TRIPOLI RAS EL BESH DNO (Panoro)
Tataouine MISKAR BG Tunisia (Shell)
KSAR
HADADA ASHTART Serept*
TEBAGA SUD HASDRUBAL BG Tunisia (Shell)
REMADA DIDON Etap
BENI KHEDACHE Storm Ventures ROBBANA Ecumed
(MedcoEnergi)
EZZAOUIA Etap
Remada BIR BEN
TARTAR EL BIBANE Ecumed
DJEBEL KAMBOUT
GROUZ EL FRANIG Perenco
ARAIFA SABRIA Winstar (Serinus)
YNG Explor.
ALGERIA EL MAKHROUGA
BAGUEL Perenco
BIR BEN TARTAR Storm Ventures
RIMEL
ANAGUID BIR (MedcoEnergi)
OMV ABDALLAH DJEBEL GROUZ Eni Tunisia
EL BORMA
MAKHROUGA Eni Tunisia
DEBBECH
DURRA EL BORMA Sitep (Eni)
JENEIN CENTRE LAARICH DEBBECH Eni
Storm Ventures
(MedcoEnergi) CHEROUQ
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ADAM CHEROUQ OMV
SMIDA
DURRA OMV
CHOUECH ES SAIDA OUED ZAR Eni Tunisia
JENEIN S
NAWARA ADAM Eni Tunisia
ECHOUECH OMV CHOUECH ES SAIDA Winstar (Serinus)
BORJ EL KHADRA ECHOUECH Winstar (Serinus)
Eni Tunisia NAWARA OMV
BORJ EL
KHADRA S * Socit de Recherches et dÕExploitation
* des Ptroles en Tunisie, a Perenco-Etap JV
FPSO: floating production, Compagnie Franco-Tunisienne des Ptroles
storage and offloading
© African Energy 2018 FROM
(www.africa-energy.com) IN AMNAS
2017 Oil African Energy Newsletter

Production 53,000 b/d Keep up to date with news and analysis of market developments,
%of African total 0.7 project awards and political and governance issues.
Proved reserves 400m bbls
www.africa-energy.com/news-centre

Libya
11 12 13 14
AM 2 3 10
T)
4 9
30
5 6 7 8 00
RE
C
m
ST YSirte
JE
7TH OF NOVEMBER ICJ delimitation 2000m
JOINT EXPLORATION AREA EN CIL Oil
MEDITERRANEAN SEA
O
E line between Libya
PR
I
Joint Oil GR O S and Malta
T 3000m
FPSO Sirte Oil Sirte
FARWAH BOURI Sirte Oil Sirte Oil Oil
1 29
Gabs 27 28
AL-JURF NC41-E 17 25 26
19 20 21 22 3 23 24
Total 16 P ELA GIA N
00
BAHR ESSALAM
0m
2000m
NC41 S H ELF
TUNISIA 15
GAS FIELDS
m
Ras Ajdir
Eni 3000
Total 45
31 Mellitah TRIPOLI 18
35 36 37 200 38 39 40 41
Susah
42 Darnah
43 44
34 0m
33 Al-Baida Gulf of
N ARC Al-Khums Waha Bomba
100
YA 32
Az-Zawiya Misratah 0m
B Sirte AGOCO Marsa
LI Yafran Gharyan Oil Al-Harigah
30 Agoco TIGI Benghazi Agoco Tobruk 60 Umm 61
Nalut 47 Medco 48 BP BP BP 59
49 58
Sirte Oil Agoco Energi
50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 Saad
N
Bani Gulf of Sirte Agoco Agoco

ER
46
NC2 FIELDS Agoco
Walid Qaminis Agoco
( W E ST
TLACSIN
AROUS Agoco
Agoco
47
FIELDS Sirte AL-BAHAR
LPG
Agoco
ANTELAT
CYR ENA ICA
DEA 77
63 64 65 Agoco 66 67 68 69 70
Hess
71
Zuweitina
72 73 74 75
Agoco
BAS IN 78
Occidental
E
Suncor 76
SAT
Agoco Occidental Energy

Eni Sidra
DEN
KABIR
P
Ghadames CLOSED
WLG
Waha
CON
62 Ras Lanuf Marsa Al-Brega

79 80
NC7 Eni 94
81 FIELDS 82 92 93
83 84 85 86 88 89 90 91
87 Al-
Waha
BP Agoco GAZELL Tatneft Jaghbub
GHADAMES
Alepco
BASIN
EMGAYET
EL SIRTE BASIN
95 96
Agoco HAMRA Houn 110
97 98 FIELDS 108 109
Eni 99 100 101 102 103 105 106 107
AL-WAFA 104
BP
Agoco
Eni
ALGERIA
Sonatrach
111 112 126
114 124 125
Sirte 115 116 117 120 121 122 123
118 119
Sarir
EGYPT
113
ATSHAN
Sirte Waha
Oil
PGNIG Sabha
128 129
Waha 141 142
130 NC 186 131 132 138 139 140
133 134 135 136 137
Repsol FIELDS Suncor
EL SHARARA Awbari Energy
127 FIELDS
Akakus CAMEL
Eni
MURZUQ
BASIN
L I B Y A
143 144 157 158
N SCORPION TPAO 155 156
Repsol Eni Murzuq 149 150 151 152 153 154
1 DAHAR EL-FEEL TPAO NC 101
2 FIDDA (ELEPHANT) FIELDS
3 HAKIM Eni Sirte National Oil Corporation and its IOC partners maintained oil
4 SAFSAF Oil production at approximately 1m b/d during 2017 and the first
5 ZELLA Ghat 145
half of 2018. Since then blockades forcing shutdowns in
6 ASWAD 146 147
7 HAMAMA 159 160
148 production and the temporary declaration of force majeure at 172 173
161 162 169 170 171
8 KARIM 163 export
164 terminals165
have become 166more frequent.
167 Additionally,
168 all
9 ALI exploration and development activities are on hold or under
10 ALMAS Total
11 ARBAB force majeure apart from EniÕs offshore Bahr Es-Salam II project. Al-
12 LABIBA Further disruptions are likely while the political and security Kufra
13 WARID situation remains unstable.
14 GHAZZUN
186 187
15 TIBISTI 174 175 184 185
176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183
16 SHEHABET
17 ETILA
18
19
ZAGGUT
WADI
KUFRA
20
21
LEHIB-DOR MARADA
EL MEHERIGA BASIN Eni
22 SAHABI
196 197
23 LIBBA 27 HAMID 194 195
24 JAKHIRA, 28 MASRAB 189 190 191 192 193
188
AS SARAH 29 MAGID
25 FARIGH 30 TUAMA
NIGER CHAD
26 HARASH 31 ZAHRA Licensed block
As Sidrah CLOSED NC201 SIRTE OIL CO. NC215 NC145 075/3 & 4 Oil field
Occidental Agoco 203
202
Ras Lanuf Marsa Al-Brega Gas/condensate field
201
31
32 (Al-Bariqa) Waha
Waha Oil pipeline/s
NC212
CON
16
Sirte Oil
NC193
NC29B future?
DEN
OMV
DEA NC29C BAZUZI BU GREA
Gas/condensate pipeline/s
SAT
OMV NC214
11A Suncor
MABRUK 9 HATEIBA 207

10 12 205 206
future?
E
BAHI 11 NC84A
Total NC195 DEA Suncor Suncor
Energy 96
17 Waha NCD12 6 Sirte ATTAHADI Energy Wintershall
Sirte Oil DAHRA W NCD13 Oil SAHL AMAL
51E Agoco
Oil refinery
DAHRA E CHOBOC SHEGHEGY AMAL-U 23
FACHA 13N ASSOUMOUD
JOFRA Agoco Suncor NC144
22 24 51W FATAH Gas processing plant
TAGRIFT FARRUD 20 Occidental AMAL- Agoco
BU MRAS Sirte Y NAFOORA-AUGILA
Agoco N AD 11 Oil SORRA NC73 21 RAKB 102 97/3 Oil tanker terminal 208
ZE ANI Suncor NCD99 13E
Agoco NC98 31 NC209
H Energy Waha RAGUBA Suncor Agoco Wintershall
1 G
ED DIB GATTAR 13S
Energy
TOCRA
INTISAR 97/1
25 Wintershall
Waha
LNG liquefaction plant CHA D S UD A N
2 Suncor NASSER NC206 NAKHLA BU ATTIFEL
MAE 47 Agoco
(ZELTEN)
C103 and export terminal
NC74A
3 12 Energy
Occid.
L L UGH OMV Agoco LATIF 30 Eni RIMAL

4 HARAM 14
103
57 ZAAUAM 13 19 JEBEL SHATIRA 9 Suncor GIALO NC98 Waha FPSO: floating © African
NC74B 5
6
Suncor BU ALWAN KOTLA
15
16 OMV
26 59C 27 100A Eni Agoco 0 Kilometres 300 production, Energy 2018
Energy 17 NC149 59E Waha
7 DOR MANSOUR KATIB storage and (www.africa-
059C Sirte Oil Waha 59 Waha 59 Waha 28 108 82
OMV 8
103
Occidental
57
Suncor KHUFF
BEDA 18
059WC WAHA N 59 59B Waha 29 Agoco Eni KHATT 0 Miles 150 offloading energy.com)
NC131 Agoco Energy 059W Waha BALAT Waha 100B
Waha WAHA S Eni
SABAH SAMAH CHADAR 59 Waha NC32B
103 ABRAG Sirte Oil FAREGH
NC189 97/2 Waha
Occidental THEMAR KHALIFA BELHEDAN TPAO DEFA 59A Waha Wintershall MESSLA 2017 Oil Gas
NC150 71 Waha Sirte 71A 107/80 65 Agoco
NC74F
OMV
Occidental
NC177 T
Oil Waha Agoco
SARIR L
NC32A
Waha
Production 865,000 b/d 11.5bcm
Suncor N I
0 Kilometres 100 Energy BARRUT 72 Sarir AGOCO SARIR N
% of African total 10.7 5.1
N&W power Sarir
Suncor plant SARIR
0 Miles 50 EN NAGA
A Energy Proved reserves 48.4bn bbls 1.4tcm
*Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy, June 2018

Egypt
2000m
ON
0m 00m
N EL DIKHEILA 100 20
AN
OFFSHORE NW SATIS DAMASCUS
OFFSHORE SHOROUK
LEB
OFFSHORE
IEOC (Eni) ZOHR SY RIA
m
M E D I T E R R A N E A N S E A Petro Shorouk (Petrobel)
0
W ZOHR
100
OFFSHORE
3000
m
N RAHAMAT N PT FOUAD
N SPARROW N SWAN OFFSHORE NW ATOLL OFFSHORE
2000 OFFSHORE OFFSHORE OFFSHORE Edison
m
1000m
3000
m N THEKAH
PALESTINE
TO OFFSHORE West
TO
Edison
Bank AMMAN
BR
E
UK N EL ARISH
ARAB GAS PIPELIN

OFFSHORE Ashkelon
Dana Gas Dead
Marsa Damietta Sea
Matruh Idku MANGO
N UM BARAKA
Port Said Gaza
BLOCK B Alexandria W EL ARISH
Shell Nile OFFSHORE
ISRAEL
RAAD,
Sidi Krir Delta El Arish SADOT
SALUM
Apache SHUSHUN MATRUH El Hamra Ameriya Suez
BASIN Canal JO RDAN
W KALABSHA BASIN El Alamein Tanta
AR
Apache
s ee page 63 Ismailia
AB
ession
G
Depr ALAMEIN Sadat Bitter Lakes
NW GINDI CORC ERC
AS
Edison
FAGHUR a BASIN City
ar
PC
PIP
PC
tt
SO
BASIN SIWA CAIRO
N
SHEBI
SU
E
GHARD
Giza Suez
E SINAI
a
LIN
Apache
M
PetroShahd GPC
Q
ED
ABU - GH ARAD IG Ain
E
RANA E LAGIA
Qarah Moussa
(AG
Helwan N DARAG N LAGIA Burren Vegas
BAS IN QARUN
HARUN Apache
P)
NW SITRA Dahshur SUMED
TransGlobe Energy W WADI EL RAYAN
Edison HEBA
W
AU T
B E ER FAYOUM Ain Sokhna
RAS SUDR
GPC Si nai Aqaba
Apache W EL KA R S
HK GE A Merlon ASL, RAS MATARMA Taba
FAIYUM WARD FSRU
Siwa SILAH BW SINGAPORE
A
WADI EL RAYAN
Siwa Apache Faiyum N BENI SUEF
B
Oasis GHINDI BENI Apache Kureimat Zafarana FPSO
F AQA
SUEF LAHUN
Sitra Oasis BASIN TAREEF Apache Abu Rudeis
GU
Beni Suef GHARIBON,
SOHBA SAUDI
LF O
LF
Ras Abu Bakr Wadi Feiran
N EL BENI SUEF ARABIA
MINYA
BASIN see page
O
Bawiti
L I B Y A
64
GU
F
Bahariya Ras Gharib
S
Oasis El Tur Tiran
U
Minya
E
Ras Shukheir
Z
N WADI AL-MAHAREETH Sanafir
Naftogaz Sharm El Sheikh
E G Y P T
Zeit Bay
E a s t e r n
D e s e r t Hurghada
Al-Farafra Asyut S WADI
N
Farafra EL
ile
AL-MAHAREETH
Oasis GHAZALYET Naftogaz
RAK Gas Safaga
UP
Abu Minqar
PE
E Sohag
R
WEST DAKHLA 2 WEST DAKHLA 1
R
Dana Petroleum
GY
Dana Petroleum
W e s t e r n D e s e r t
PT
E
TO
GA
Qena El Quseir
YA
S
D
IP N
P
E LIN BU
E
S
Dakhla Armant Luxor
Oasis
E
Mut
El Kharga
A
Licensed block Marsa Alam
El Kharga Oasis
Oil field (The Great Oasis) N EL BARAKA Idfu
IPR Energy
Resources,
Gas/condensate field Mediterra EL BARAKA
Baris
W EL BARAKA
Oil pipeline/s
future?
EL GELF EL KHABEER / OUINATT Gas pipeline/s Aswan

Ganope future? Baranis
S EL BARAKA
IPR Energy
Products pipeline/s Resources,
future? Mediterra
Oil refinery / future? Toshka

Lakes Shalateen
Gas processing plant / future?
Lake
Oil tanker terminal Nasser
and export terminal Halaib
Triangle
and import terminal
Bir Tawil
0 Kilometres 200 S UDA N le FPSO: floating production, storage and offloading © African Energy 2018
Ni
0 Miles 100 FSRU: floating storage and regasification unit (www.africa-energy.com)
2017 Oil Gas African Energy Newsletter

Production 660,000 b/d 49bcm Keep up to date with news and analysis of market developments,
Consumption 816,000 b/d 56bcm project awards and political and governance issues.
Proved reserves 3.3bn bbls 1.8tcm www.africa-energy.com/news-centre

Egypt: Nile Delta, Western Desert
N SWAN N RAHAMAT OFFSHORE NW ATOLL OFFSHORE W ZOHR OFFSHORE SHOROUK OFFSHORE N PORT FOUAD OFFSHORE
0 Kilometres 60 0m OFFSHORE Eni, Petrobel Edison
0
20
0 Miles 30
N RAS EL TIN N SIDI GABER NE EL AMRIYA N EL TABYA S ZOHR Offshore NE HAPY OFFSHORE N THEKAH
Joint venture operating companies: OFFSHORE OFFSHORE OFFSHORE OFFSHORE OFFSHORE Edison OFFSHORE
Burullus: Shell Ð Petronas Ð EGPC 1 TUART
BP 2 DENISE NW Edison
Disouco: DEA Ð EGPC 3 DENISE N
Mansoura Petroleum Company: Petroceltic Ð EGPC 4 PLIO-10
SOLAR
MedGas, Nidoco: IEOC (Eni) Ð BP Ð EGPC Burullus 5 DENISE
Nipetco (North Idku Petroleum Co.): DEA Ð Egas Ð EGPC WEST DELTA TAALAB ATOLL 6 SETH
Nospco (North Sinai Petroleum Co.): Perenco Ð EGPC DEEP MARINE SILVA E DELTA 7 SETH S
1 0 00 m
SIENNA DEEP MARINE PhPC
Petrobel, PetroSaid: IEOC (Eni) Ð EGPC (WDDM) Burullus 8 KARAWAN
SIMIAN IEOC (Eni) 9 MYAS
PetroTemsah: IEOC (Eni) Ð BP Ð EGPC MINA TENNIN N DAMIETTA
PhPC (Pharaonic Petroleum Co.): BP Ð IEOC (Eni) Ð EGPC Burullus OFFSHORE 10 ASFOUR
SCARAB MINA TERSA BP 11 ABU SEIF
Rashpetco (Rashid Petroleum Co.): SIENNA SALAMAT
SAFFRON S E RP E N UP TENNIN 12 SEMMAN
Shell Ð Edison Ð EGPC T W
N EL FANAR N ALEXANDRIA SAURUS SAPPHIRE MERET BALTIM 13 KERSH,
Wasco: Dana Gas Ð NE N DAMIETTA N EL BURG BARRACUDA W
OFFSHORE OFFSHORE FAHD
Egas Ð EGPC OFFSHORE NE
LIBRA SEQUOIA ROSETTA NE RASHID N BP BP TUNA
Wepco: Edison Ð EGPC SATIS
TAURUS ROSETTA W Rashpetco N EL HAMMAD N EL BURG 3 Petro- 1 2
W MEDITERRANEAN TAURUS Rashpetco OFFSHORE BALTIM N HAÕPY TUNA
OFFSHORE NW 4
DEEPWATER (WDM) DEEP IEOC (Eni) BP AKHEN
RUBY RAS EL BARR 5 DENISE 50
ROSETTA SW R4 W BALTIM 6 TEMSAH SETI PLIO
WEST NILE DELTA Rashpetco R3 OFFSHORE BALTIM E PhPC SETH 0m
7
(WND) BP POLARIS RAVEN
ATEN IEOC (Eni) PhPC 8
N IDKU A ROSETTA BALTIM N EL BURG TEMSAH
SEGAN BARBONI Assad
Nipetco IDKU N2 R5 MedGas N GAMASA OFFSHORE SE Temsah
ABU GIZA N OFFSHORE BP
E
IDKU N4 BURULLUS EL BURG WAKAR ZARAF

m
N EL AMRIYA
AT
9
0 0 DEKHILA SIR DEA OFFSHORE BALTIM SW Shell OFFSHORE 10 11 12
15
S
N ALEXANDRIA 13
EN
ABU QIR N BP RAHAMAT NOTUS Shell KAROUS

FAYOUM BALTIM S
ND
EL MAX Wepco N PORT SAID 50

CO
N RAS EL ESH KAROUS PetroSaid NOURAS m

N ABU PICO Cheiron NOOROS ABU MADI W TAO N SINAI
EL BAHIG OFFSHORE BP
QIR BURULLUS W Baltim Petrobel OFFSHORE
COND.
EL QARA EL BURG
IDKU N1 Nidoco SEGAS OFFSHORE II DARFEEL PORT Nospco
EL KING IDKU N3 ABU QIR Lake EL QARA Shell Petrobel FAOUD KAMOSE
Wepco Burullus EL MANZALA
N IDKU B W
ABU MADI W Petrobel
Wasco
1
Damietta THEKAH N
Nipetco ABU Rosetta ABU COND. MED. W HARBOUR THEKAH
C) KHILALA NW
0m (AP QIR AMYRIA MADI EL WASTANI E 2 N EL UGDC NATURAL GAS
C X Idku DERIVATIVES COMPLEX
OC RP ME BUSSEILI KHILALA SALHIYA
0
AM AN EL NW N BALSAM 3 4 Dana Gas EL GAMIL

10
E DAMANHUR DISOUQ TINEH
CON
5
Abu Qir
ELNG
S IDKU
Disouco
SIDI W KHILALA
GHAZYÉ Mansoura 10
W MANZALA
Wasco 9 7 W MANZALA
Wasco ABU EL Lake Port Said
D.
SIDI SALEM
COND.
8
Alexandria Edison SE
S
S KHILALA 11
N EL MATARIYA
6 NAGA S Manzala
Port Fouad
500 m DISOUQ Mansoura E Delta 13 BP
W MANZALA
Wasco
El UNDER
12
El Kh S Matariya
Ni
N Mansoura GELGEL CONSTRUCTION

a ndaq Disouq
le
14 E
El G EL MANSOURIYA W 21 TULIP FUTURE?
(R
h TAYLFAH DIKIRNIS 20 El Fayrouz

os
50m S BATRA 15 22 SALMA DELTA INTE
Suez Canal
ett
N EL MAHALA Total
ar
Sidi Krir RSIN

Ca El Mahalla El Qantara AI
bi
Damanhur . 16 El Mansoura
aB
Ameriya na ND Petroceltic
El Kubra CO Onshore
ran
l 17 EL MANSOURA S SAMA N EL SALHIYA

W SHERBEAN Aga EL TAMAD NW 1 EL PANGEIYA 11 Belkas S
ch)
19 Dana Gas 2 DABAYAA 12 Abu Arida

RC OR C 18 TUMMAY
AP MID WDG CORC
DISOUQ AL-RAWDAH Mansoura SAMA 3 AZHAR 13 ZARQA S
El Qantara
El Nu Tanta S DAMAS
4 SHARBAS 14 EL MANSOURA
ietta
bari W EL QANTARA 5 FARASKUR 15 MIT DAFIR

al
ya DAMAS S Wasco 6 MANZALA W 16 SALAKA

Ca
Can
na 7 EL BASANT 17 AL-ARAB
Nile (Dam
Faqus
Branch)
l
SU
S DISOUQ 8 ABU ZAHRA NE 18 AGA, SHINFAS

ibin
Zefta Mansoura 19 TURBAY

M
Sea Dragon
ED
(SDX Energy) 9 ALLIUM 20 Gelgel

Sh
N WADI EL NATRUN
Zagazig Ismailia 10 ABU KHADRA 21 Abu Monkar
1 MUNTAGA 20 BOSTAN Mansoura 22 Sherbean
Shibin El Kom
2 SAFIR 21 AMAN SW
3 NADER 22 AMAN Abandoned fields or where production has ceased are shown in upper and lower case © African Energy 2018 (www.africa-energy.com)
4 SHROUK 23 JASMIN (gas),
5 YASSER, MELEIHA NE (oil) N UMBARKA 0m
ZAHRA 24 JASMIN E, BLOCK A 10 0
6 ZAHRA N LOTUS N Shell NE OBAIYED m
200
7
8
KENZ
SALAM
25
26
LOTUS
MELEIHA SE N Shell Marsa
Matruh M ED ITERRAN EAN S EA
9 TUT W 27 Karnak O
R
10 QAMAR 28 IMHOTEP
11 AMOUN 29 MIHOS OBEIYED N MATRUH RAS KANAYES
Khalda
12 FALAK W 30 KARANIS Opetco T Shell
13 ZAHRA NE 31 MAGGIE
H FARAND
IEOC (Eni) RK3
Sidi Musa
E
14 NADA 32 FLANDERS
15 MELEIHA SW, OBAIYED N UMBARKA
NADA NE BLOCK A Shell R MATRUH Khalda
RK4
RK2
16
17
EMRY
FALAK
SW
S SHUSHUN C
Apache 31
N
ALEXANDRITE 32
Khalda EMERALD
RAS EL HEKMA KANAYES W B
El Daba Sidi Krir
18 DORRA
UMBARKA KHALDA ADAM 30 El Hamra
19 ARCADIA
Apache CYGNUS
HYDRA
OFF. NEW N
Khalda
JADE MATRUH- TAREK
E G NW RAZZAK W MED SEA 1 E YIDMA
Y P T
SAMAA Khalda Marina Petroleum
KHALDA FEREIHA E ISIS 19 MELEIHA 20 29 Apache SIDI RAHMAN
TOPAZ
N
28
B A S I TANZANITE
OFFSET KAHRAMAN SHAMS 11 Agiba
NEW W 18 21 KHALDA OFFSET NEW E KANAYES W E
UMBARKA KHALDA 10 12 17 22 Khalda El Alamein
Khalda NAKHAW 16 MELEIHA 23 24 ALAMEIN N
KHALDA TUT BURG EL ARAB
S UMBARKA
Sumpetco Khalda 9 14
15 26 25 MATRUH ALAMEIN Burapetco
SELKIT KHEPRI SALAM W KANAYES
B A S I N Khalda
A
SYRAH 27
OZORIS 7 8 13 NW
SH
Tharwa
RENPET
BARDY BASIN
Apache
he B
SETHOS 6 W RAZZAK S RAZZAK NE BURG EL ARAB

ac L A
SHUSHUN A
QASR HAYAT GAWAHER N Agiba Khalda ALAMEIN
Ap K A
Khalda 5 HORUS
1 2 YIDMA EHO
W
4
PHIOPS
SHUSHUN UNAS
SANAPL N GHAZALAT N E
TARFA Khalda
ZAIN E YIDMA
Marina Petroleum
HBSI
Sumpetco Kalabsha
BASIN 3 AGHAR E RAZZAKÉ YIDMA- RIZK
KALAB.W BUCHIS KHALDA OFFSET SE MELEIHA E KANAYES W ALAMEIN N RAS S BURG
NEITH NEW S Khalda Apex IEOC (Eni) AGHAR QATTARA EL ARAB
Khalda
Neith S SW MELEIHA ZARIF
IEOC (Eni) SE HORUS
KHALDA
FAGHUR HEQET OFFSET
R E S S I O N
SIWA
NEW W
Khalda SE SIWA RAS QATTARA EGHAZALAT P
Apache Agiba D HBSI
GHAZALAT
HBSI SW ALAMEIN
S GHAZALAT HBSI S ALAMEIN
SE SIWA A TransGlobe
E GHAZALAT
North TransGlobe
R EL FARAS W ABU GHARADIG
Petroleum
SAFWA QATTARA Energy
A
Rampetco S GHAZALAT NE ABU GH.
NW SITRA Tipetco E BADR EL DIN E RAS QATTARA
TransGlobe GHAZALAT MOHR TransGlobe
RIDGE Apache PetroShahd
Exploration licence Energy T HBSI N GHAZALAT
HBSI
RAML SW RAML
BED17
JG
SHAHD
WD 9
Production licence T Faras SE
S DABAA
SD2 SD3
SD4
SD1 Bapetco
BED16 SW ALAMN.
N ALAM
EL SHAWISH Bapetco Khalda NE ABU SHAHD SE
Shell SHEIBA GHARADIG
A
S GHAZALAT HBSI
Dapetco Bapetco TransGl.
Oil field BADR EL DIN 2 Dapetco
Shell
BED15,18
BED9 EGPC
BADR EL DIN 1
AGN AGNE
NE ABU K A T T A N I Y A -Tipetco
Bapetco GHARADIG HALLIF
S GHAZALAT BADR EL DIN 3 Tipetco HBS AL-FADL AL-QADR
Q
TransGlobe Energy BW
Gas/condensate field AL-
Joint venture operating companies:

A B N GHAZALAT
HBSI
SIT5,8
SIT1,3 SITRA ASSIL AL-KARAM
AL-BARQ
ABU GHARADIG WADI
YOMNA
6
Oil pipeline/s U Sipetco 1 5 GPZZ
Owapco
QANTARA
Bapetco (Badr el Din Petroleum Company): Shell Egypt Ð EGPC - G
Agiba: IEOC (Eni) Ð Mitsui Ð EGPC W ALAM EL SHAWISH
AL-MAGD PetroAlam ABO WD 30
future? GPY
Burapetco (Burg Al-Arab Petroleum Company): Kuwait Energy Ð EGPC H A Shell BAGHA
W SITRA SENNAN Khalda
2
4
GPT
ABU SENNAN
WD 33
Khalda
W QARUN
8
7
RAWDA
Norpetco
Gas pipeline/s Dapetco (South Dabaa Petroleum Company): HBSI Ð EGPC R A 3 ABU SENNAN E ABU SENNAN 9 16 QPC AQSA
EHO (El Hamra Oil): IPR Transoil Ð EGPC W BADR EL DIN D GPT SW Kuwait Energy 18
NAJM I G
Tharwa 10
future? Khalda: Apache Ð EGPC Apex
GPC
S ABU SENNAN
15 KARAMA QPC
B Khalda 1112 17
Products pipeline/s
Marina Petroleum: INA Ð EGPC
Norpetco (North Bahariya Petroleum Company): Sahara Oil & Gas Ð EGPC
S ALAM
SHAWISH
EL E ALAM EL
SHAWISH
A S I N EL DIYUR 13
14
QPC
SAMRA BASHA
RAHMA
Opetco: Shell Egypt Ð EGPC BARAKA NE
future? Owapco (El Waha Petroleum Company): Sahara Ð EGPC
Apache PetroSannan HIGH
PetroAlam: Shell Egypt Ð Engie Ð Vegas Oil & Gas EL DIYUR SW EL DIYUR N EL
DIYUR W EL FAIYUM
1 ABU GHARADIG S,
Oil refinery PetroSannan: NaftoGas Ð EGPC
MEGHAR 7 FERDAUS Norpetco 13 YAMAMA S
Khalda Khalda
PetroShahd: Sipetrol Ð EGPC
QPC (Qarun Petroleum Company): Apache Ð EGPC 2 SPYGLASS 8 GANNA, RAYAN Norpetco 14 FARASHA
Gas processing plant Rampetco (Rami Petroleum Company): IEOC (Eni) Ð EGPC 3 RIVIERA 9 ABRAR Norpetco 15 FARASHA NW
Sipetco (Sitra Petroleum Company): Shell Egypt Ð EGPC 4 ABU GHARADIG S 10 ZEINA QPC 16 AMANA 0 Kilometres 60
Oil tanker terminal Sumpetco (South Umbarka Petroleum Co.): Apache Ð EGPC 5 HAWK 11 SHAKRA NE 17 RABWA
Tipetco (Tiba Petroleum Company): Shell Egypt Ð EGPC 6 NEAMA QPC 12 YAMAMA 18 MISAADA 0 Miles 30
and export terminal

Egypt: Red Sea
TO SUEZ N LAGIA S LAGIA

Mena Burren Joint venture operating companies:
Agiba: IEOC (Eni) Ð Mitsui Ð EGPC
Amapetco (Amal Petroleum Company): PICO Cheiron Ð EGPC
Ashpetco: IEOC (Eni) Ð EGPC
ZAFARANA BayPetco: Tri-Ocean Energy (Egypt Kuwait Holding) Ð EGPC
Zafco Deoco (Deminex Egypt Oil Company): Deminex Ð Repsol Ð EGPC
ZAFARANA S LAGIA
Ekma: BP Ð EGPC
FPSO AL- Eshpetco: Lukoil Ð EGPC
ZAFARANA Fanpetco (Al-Fanar Petroleum Company): IPR Ð EGPC
Gupco (Gulf of Suez Petroleum Company): BP Ð EGPC
Zafarana Magapetco (Magawish Petroleum Company): Trident Petroleum Ð EGPC
TO Abu Nopco: BP Ð EGPC
KUREIMAT Zeneima Petrobel (Belayim Petroleum Company): IEOC (Eni) Ð EGPC
PetroDara: TransGlobe Ð EGPC
S ABU ZENEIMA E RAS BUDRAN
E MORGAN NPC OFFSHORE
Petrogulf: Pico Ð Kufpec Ð EGPC
SABIL BP E TANKA-A DEA Petro Kareem: Dana Petroleum Ð EGPC
G
MERGED AREA PetroZeit: Vega Petroleum Ð EGPC

N OCTOBER Nopco RAS BUDRAN Rudoco (Rudeis Oil Company): Amoco Ð EGPC
Gupco
NW OCTOBER NO159 Suco Ras Budran Sroco: PICO Cheiron Ð EGPC
GS172 GS160 E RAS BUDRAN-A
E GHARIB Suco (Suez Oil Company): DEA Ð EGPC
GS173 AZ SE ABU ZENEIMA Petrobel
Waspetco (Wadi el Sahl Petroleum Company): Masawa Ð Ganope
U
NW OCTOBER
MUZHIL ARM W BELAYIM 6 Petrobel
EGPC Zafco (Zafarana Oil Company): PICO Cheiron Ð EGPC
NO183 ABU RUDEIS MARINE
GS184 Zeitco (E Zeit Petroleum Company): Dana Petroleum Ð EGPC
N AMER Abu Rudeis
GPC OCTOBER ABU RUDEIS, SIDRI
BELAYIM 7
FF83 Petrobel
L
E TANKA
W ISSRAN
ISSRAN
W AMER E MORGAN
BP
S LAGIA
S i n a i
GG83 NPC
ISSRAN S OCTOBER
Dana Petroleum FEIRAN Wadi Feiran
F
GPC
BELAYIM 1
Ras Rahmi NEW LAW
NEFERTITI Petrobel
N AMER GPC BELAYIM 2
S RAHMI BELAYIM 10 BELAYIM 3 Petrobel
Petrobel
Petrobel
Belayim
N AMER HH83 BELAYIM BELAYIM
GPC MARINE LAND
BELAYIM 5
E ARTA BELAYIM 9 Petrobel BELAYIM BAY N
Petro- AMER Petrobel BELAYIM 4 EKMA
NW GHARIB
BAKR GPC
Dara S BELAYIM Petrobel
TransGlobe Petrobel BELAYIM 8 Petrobel
Energy ARTA shia GPC AMER
PetroDara N Ho
E
O
BAKRRas Abu Bakr

HOSHIA EL HAMD S BELAYIM
HOSHIA Ekma
Petro- N RAS FANAR
ZAINA C GPC Gupco
Dara H SB276
PetroDara G Deoco
Trans- W GHARIB G GS277
Globe GPC GHARIB RAS FANAR
W HOSHIA Petro- GPC
F
W BAKRÉ GPC Dara RAS NE RAMADAN

W GHARIB H K HANA, GHARIB BP
GPC Trans- HANA W Ras Fanpetco
MESEDA H Globe Gharib
N RAMADAN
PetroDara M FADL Rudoco N JULY SB294 SB296-306
SG300 GS301 SB305
TO RAMADAN
ASYUT W AMER UMM EL YUSR SB293 E MORGAN
JULY
KAREEM GPC LL87 2 GS306 E BADRI BP
GPC SG310 MERGED Sroco BADRI
Ayun
GPC
AREA
S GHARIB Gupco S RAMADAN E BADRI El Tur
KAREEM Rudoco EDFU E SHUK.
LL87 1 BP
NW EL ESMA 1 BP Gupco
UMM EL YUSR
GPC AMAL W MORGAN
MORGAN E MESMA 3 GS327 Gibeil
O R GA
KHEIR EBGDCo BP N
MERGED
SHUKHEIR NW SHUKHEIR BAY AREA NESSIM Ekma
S
EGPC SB339
W AHMAD SAQQARA Gupco E BADRI
SHUKHEIR Ras Shukheir YOUNIS
E BADRI
SHUKHEIR ONSHORE GS345 GS346
GPC GAMMA
AMAL
U
SHUKHEIR OFFSHORE
EGPC Amapetco WALY SB367
E KHAIR GHARA 2
EGPC Petrobel
OFFSHORE WADI DARA
GPC NW EL AMAL Nopco SINAI
Petzed RAS GHARA Ras Ghara
E GEBEL
E
W GEBEL Petro GS365, MARINE

EL ZEIT GS373 SB374 GHARA 1 EGPC
EL ZEIT Kareem
Vega NS377
GEYAD Petrobel
CALUMN Petroleum SIDKI EGPC GH376
EGPC
GPC
N WADI ABYDOS NS385
Sharm
E a s t e r n
N MATR OMAR Torsina
Z
AL-MAHAREETH AL-AMIR
PetroZeit GS381
Gupco (Gupco) El Sheikh
Naftogaz E MATR RAS
North Petroleum LORCAN EL USH W
ASHRAFI Zeitco
AL-AMIR SE
D e s e r t GAZWARINASE RAS E ZEIT BURTOCAL SHOAB
North Petroleum EL USH
FIN EGPC EGPC ALI
Pacific Oil
HILAL Torsina
S WADI DARA Petro Torsina (Gupco) (Gupco)
Dana Petroleum Kareem Zeit Bay ASHRAFI
W GEBEL EL ZEIT E ZEIT BAY
Baypetco Dragon Oil Ashpetco
GEBEL EL ZEIT ZEIT BAY, ASHRAFI SW
RAS EL BAHAR
ZEIT BAY Geisum I. 00
Ras
2
GH452 m
RAS EL BAHAR Deoco Mohammad
GPC GEISUM
GH451
m
GEMSA 10 0 0
GEISUM & Gubal I.
Gempetco W TAWILA
N MAGAWISH
Exploration licence PICO Cheiron GEMSA SE Petrogulf
NE ESH EL MELLAHA SW GEBEL IPR Tawila I.
Anwar Akkad Sons EL ZEIT
Production licence
TAWILA W
Oil field Shadwan I.
Gas/condensate field ESH EL EELESH
MELLAHA
Oil pipeline/s
MALLAHA Magapetco
GPC NW SEABIRD
Trident
R E D
future? Petroleum
Gas pipeline/s El Gouna

SEABIRD S E A
S WADI future?
AL-MAHAREETH
Naftogaz Oil refinery
Gas processing plant Abandoned fields or where
NW TANAN HURGHADA
W ESH EL MELLAHA Eshpetco production has ceased are
Oil tanker terminal (WEEM) 2 MALAK Lukoil shown in upper and lower case
Aminex W ESH Hurghada FPSO: floating production,
0 Kilometres 40 S MALAK EL MALLAHA
(WEEM) 1 EGPC storage and offloading
WADI EL SAHL S HURGHADA © African Energy 2018
Waspetco

Sub-Saharan Africa
Cautious exploration revival focuses on

Africa’s west coast
Lower costs and a firmer oil price have helped boost sentiment for upstream companies who are now starting
to rebuild their exploration portfolios. A new focus on gas and the growth of domestic African markets will mean
significant change for the industry
I
nterest in West Africa’s potential has been revived by out “dumb wells” are drilled, while at the same time gas is
discoveries offshore Mauritania and Senegal. Acreage is being playing a growing role both for export and for domestic
snapped up from Namibia to Mauritania, with majors consumption. According to the BP Statistical Review of World
farming in and exploration starting to revive after a long period Energy, African oil production peaked in 2007 at 10.3m b/d and
of inactivity following the 2014 oil price crash. In East Africa, has been slowly declining since then, while gas production is
potentially transformative gas and oil developments are expected to continue to increase. The majors are increasing the
encountering significant infrastructure challenges in a region percentage of gas in their portfolios with most of them targeting
set for massive change over the coming decades. around 50% gas by the end of the next decade, while some such
Kosmos Energy and BP are aiming for a final investment as Eni and possibly BP and Total are targeting 60%.
decision (FID) in late 2018 or early 2019 for the Tortue gas Floating LNG
project which straddles the border between Mauritania and
Senegal. Kosmos’Yakaar was the biggest discovery in the world A first floating LNG development started production in
in 2017, offering potential for a second gas hub to follow Tortue, Cameroon in March 2018 and is expected to be followed by
which is expected to produce first gas in 2021. Kosmos says FLNG on Tortue and in Equatorial Guinea, Mozambique and
floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) technology is the key Republic of Congo, as well as a second Cameroon
element in its ambitious plan to develop the field in just over development. FLNG offers quick, low-cost monetisation
six years from discovery to first gas. options for smaller gas fields which would previously have been
considered stranded, as well as for the phased development of
Cairn Energy is targeting FID in H1 2019 for its planned SNE LNG-sized gas reserves.
oil field development offshore Senegal, which it says offers
highly attractive economics even in a low oil price environment Equatorial Guinea plans to harness its own gas and its
with a breakeven price of $35/boe. neighbours’ stranded reserves to maintain supply at the
Marathon-operated Equatorial Guinea LNG plant and is
Kosmos and BP have built up a significant acreage position signing up West African states including Ghana, Togo and
across West Africa, with Kosmos leading on the exploration Burkina Faso as export customers. Its proposed Gas Megahub
while BP leads on the development. Kosmos hopes to apply its will consist of interlinked production, aggregation and
success with exploring Cretaceous deep-water petroleum processing facilities offshore and onshore, supplying gas to the
systems elsewhere on the Atlantic margins and has built up a Punta Europa gas complex, which includes the Malabo power
pipeline of new ventures, including Equatorial Guinea, Côte station, Atlantic Methanol Production Company plant and
d’Ivoire and São Tomé & Príncipe, with the aim of keeping up EGLNG plant. The agreement, combined with new subsea
a steady pace of two to three exploration wells a year. Drilling pipelines linking Marathon’s Alba field and Noble’s Aseng and
in 2019 is planned for Mauritania/Senegal, São Tomé and Alen fields, will replace some of the gas production lost as the
Equatorial Guinea, followed by Côte d’Ivoire in 2020. Alba field declines. Plans for the Fortuna FLNG project have
A recovery is underway, with companies switching from survival been thrown into doubt by delays in securing financing and by
strategies to rebuilding their exploration portfolios, but the withdrawal of Schlumberger from the OneLNG joint
exploration activity still remains fairly limited – Tullow Oil venture with Golar, but the government is confident the gas
programmed just one exploration well for 2018 – and while the from Ophir Energy’s Block R will be monetised, whether
majors are picking up new acreage they are largely moving into through FLNG or supply to Punta Europa.
proven areas and continuing to leave wildcat exploration to the After a series of disappointing wells before the oil price crash,
smaller independents. Gabon has high hopes for planned new exploration following
“Africa is the world’s last frontier market. It’s not a coincidence four recent discoveries unlocking a new play in the southern
that all the major oil companies are coming back to Africa,” offshore deep water, while Republic of Congo has been
Africa Oil Corporation president and chief executive Keith Hill promoting its open acreage through licensing rounds in a bid
told the Africa E&P summit in May 2018. to replace its reserves.
The oil price crash has brought about a more rational industry Nigeria’s oil sector remains in a holding pattern, still awaiting
with exploration success rates increasing as fewer badly thought long-promised new legislation. The Petroleum Industry

Sub-Saharan Africa
Governance Bill is still awaiting the president’s signature and Gas hopes
needs to be followed by three more pieces of legislation. With
Tanzania’s plans to exploit offshore gas reserves are moving only
elections due in February 2019, there are fears the process may slowly, with the government’s resource nationalism and hostility
hit yet more delays. to foreign investors described by one analyst as “using Venezuela
Nigeria and Angola have been strikingly excluded from the dash as a role model”. The government’s domestic investment
for new west African acreage but Angola under President João expectations are likely to pose a challenge for IOCs in
Lourenço has taken rapid steps to improve the investment negotiations, and ExxonMobil is said to be pulling out to focus
environment, including introducing new laws covering gas and on Mozambique. Smaller scale gas production for the domestic
market has had more success, with gas from Mtwara
marginal fields.With production set to peak in 2018/19 then go
supplementing production from Songo Songo via a Chinese-
into significant decline, Lourenço is conscious that he needs
built pipeline.
significant new investment in the oil sector to keep the economy
afloat while diversification measures are introduced. Angola has Mozambique has a total of 230tcf of discovered gas resources,
for years paid lip service to the concept of diversifying the while another 35tcf are under development offshore Tanzania. In
Mozambique, BP has signed up to buy all the gas from Eni’s 3.4m
economy while remaining dependent on big offshore oil
t/yr Coral FLNG project, which will be followed by onshore
developments, but the combination of the oil price crash and
LNG developments at Afungi for both Eni and Anadarko.
the change of government could mean change finally coming.
Anadarko’s Golfinho-Atum and Eni’s Mamba LNG projects still
East African pipelines need to firm up clients, but both projects are making progress
In East Africa, Kenya formally launched oil exports on 3 June despite the government’s debt woes, underlining Mozambique’s
potential to vie with further LNG developments in Australia,
2018, trucking oil produced from testing operations in the
Qatar and other leading producers as a major exporter from the
South Lokichar Basin to Mombasa port. A final investment
mid-2020s.
decision on development of South Lokichar is due in 2019, and
the initial foundation stage development is expected to produce Anadarko and its partners plan a two-train facility with nameplate
60,000-80,000 b/d from the Amosing and Ngamia fields, capacity of 12.8m t/yr and have signed a long-term offtake
targeting 210m barrels of reserves. The foundation stage agreement with EDF, a non-binding accord with equity partner
PTTEP, a similar agreement with Tokyo Gas and Centrica for
development will cost an estimated $2.9bn, made up of $1.8bn
2.6m t/yr, and a smaller contract to sell up to 280,000 t/yr for
for the upstream infrastructure and $1.1bn for the 890km
15 years to Japan’s Tohoku Electric Power Company.
pipeline to Lamu port. Studies are under way and first oil via
the pipeline is currently expected in 2021/22, though the Expectations that a supply gap will open in the global LNG
project is by no means straightforward: land rights and market around the time Mozambique’s gas comes on stream
have attracted buyers, and bankers are positive about the ease of
community relations are likely to pose a challenge all along the
securing debt finance for the scheme despite Mozambique’s
route, and the waxy nature of the crude means the pipeline will
own debt problems.
have to be heated.
President Filipe Nyusi’s government sees LNG as a game-
Uganda plans to build a separate 1,445km pipeline to Tanzania’s changer that will allow it to move beyond its economic woes,
Tanga port for its 230,000 b/d export project, where a final though attacks blamed on Islamists in northern Mozambique
investment decision is due by the end of 2018 for first oil in have raised concerns about security. Plans for onshore gas
2021, but this project also faces substantial challenges and likely liquefaction facilities at Afungi are still in their early stages, but
delays. the government approved Anadarko’s development plan in
February 2018 and site preparation has begun. Resettlement of
Total has amassed a significant position in the region’s
local inhabitants has already caused some controversy, with local
infrastructure, with stakes in Kenya, Uganda and also DR Congo
civil society groups reporting concerns about the amount of
Block 3, on the Congolese side of Lake Albert, but South Sudan compensation, and about fishing communities being resettled
has had to abandon hopes of enticing the French major back onto inland, though local government officials say everything has
its blocks B1 and B2, part of the original Block B for which Total been done in accordance with relevant laws.
signed an agreement with Khartoum in 1980. South Sudan’s
After a long period of inactivity, Madagascar has seen the arrival
production has fallen sharply since fighting broke out in December
of BP on acreage formerly held by ExxonMobil outboard from
2013. The economic impact of the decline has been exacerbated the Ruvuma Delta.The tiny Comoros islands have also seen an
by the huge drop in the oil price, while state income has been upsurge in interest in the area, with Discover Exploration
further eroded by payments due to Sudan for the use of its oil planning a well in 2020. Discover is led by the former Cove
infrastructure.The government says it is working to restore Energy team, who were partnered with Anadarko in
production from Unity State fields, but this will require the use of Mozambique’s Rovuma Offshore Area 1 at the time of the
production units in Heglig across the border with Sudan. discoveries.

Mauritania, Senegal, The Gambia
0 Kilometres 200
Western Sahara ALGERIA
00m
(under UN mandate) C-24 0 Miles 100
20
3000m
0m
CLOSED
m
Bir Moghrein
20
Nouadhibou We st e r n
1000
Lagouira Sa h a ra
C-21 TA-46
C-22 C-19 C-23 (under UN
ExxonMobil Shell mandate)
TA-45
Zouerate
TA-41 MALI
TA-44
OC EAN
TA-40 TA-29 TA-42 TA-
TA-37
Total 43
TA-39 TA-7
C-18 TA-36 TA-38 TA-6 TA-5
Total
C-7 C-24
Total TA-8 TA- TA-10 TA-4 TA-15
Nouadhibou TA-1 Atar
ATL ANTIC
34 TA-9
Sipex
C-20 C-17 (Sonatrach)
ExxonMobil C-25 TA-33 TA-14 TA-16
MA URITANIA
TA-47
Nouamghar
C-26 C-26 TA-28 TA-11 TA-2
FRGATE C-11 TA-13 TA-17
TA-32 TA-12
TA-3
CORMORAN PELICAN
C-3
NOUAKCHOTT
C-6 Tullow C-11
Kosmos C-27 TA-26 TA-27 TA-23 TA-21 TA-18
C-9 C-5
Total LAMANTIN
C-16
M
C-12
AURITANIA Rosso C-4
Kadi
TA-25
Kiffa
TA-24 TA-22 TA-20
Nma
TA-19
C-10
NO UAK C HO TT Kosmos Shell
R I V ER
R ESER V O I R SENEGAL
SY STEM NOUAKCHOTT MALI
C-13 C-30 Chinguetti BANDA (www.africa-energy.com)
Kosmos Open block Oil refinery
Petronas TEVET
TAPENDAR
Licensed block Oil tanker terminal
C-15 C-31
C-5 Prospect LNG liquefaction plant
A T L A N T I C C-8
Kosmos Oil field
and export terminal
HIPPOCAMPE
O C E A N Gas field
C-2 C-3 Gas pipeline FLNG: floating liquefied natural gas
Tullow C-4
FPSO: floating production, storage and offloading
C-14 TA-26
ExxonMobil SENEGAL Rosso S n g al Bogu
MARSOUIN
R I V ER SENEGAL
R ESER V O I R C-1 LOUGA Richard Toll EAST
FAUCON
SY STEM FUTURE FPSO & FLNG?
Kadi
GRAND TORTUE/AHMEYIM IBIS
BP
REQUIN ST-LOUIS ST-LOUIS St-Louis
TIGRE OFFSHORE OFFSHORE
PROFOND Oranto
Kosmos
Louga Matam
CAYAR OFFSHORE CAYAR Dahra Ferlo

PROFOND OFFSHORE
Kosmos TERANGA Oranto DIENDER Slibaby
FUTURE FLNG? YAKAAR Fortesa THIéS DIOURBEL
GADIAGA Tivaouane
SAR
Cap des Touba
Biches This
RUFISQUE
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DAKAR Bargny
DIAM NIADIO E
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Cairn Energy SALOUM
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DJIFFéRE OFF. Tender Oil & Gas Kaffrine
TAOL: Trace Casamance
SANGOMAR
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Cairn Energy SANGOMAR
FUTURE OFFSHORE Tambacounda
FPSO? Cairn
SNE Energy THE GAMBIA UPPER
RIVER
A1 A2 A3 LOWER RIVER
African FAR Gambia Farafenni
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A4 A5 A6 Brikama
African FAR Vlingara
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OFFSHORE OFFSHORE
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Abandoned fields or where production C a sa manc e
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lower case Ziguinchor
20
0m
00
0 Kilometres 150
m
300
GUINEA-BISSAU GUINEA
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0 Miles 100


68
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AGC Cas SENEGAL
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African Energy Newsletter

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project awards and political and governance issues.

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LB
LB-
LB-28
0m
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0 Kilometres 200
LB-2
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LB-1
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4 00 0m
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© African Energy 2018 (www.africa-energy.com) * Agence de Gestion et de Coopration entre la Guine-Bissau et le Sngal

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DOB Caracal CHARI W III Opic (Taiwan) BDS-2008
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M A U R I TA N I A 0 Miles 50 Eyis R3 Amdigh Kunama DOA, WD 2-2008: Regalis Petroleum
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A ERDIS
Prospect KARAMA
GREIN DJADO
3a 28 ERDIS
Tn
Shenshui
B 4a 5b II
Oil field

Oil & Gas SEGUEDINE BASIN
T E R r
MI
9b ACHEGOUR
4b
I
Oil pipeline BILMA ARAGA DJADO ERDIS V
ERDIS 2008
T-
9a 8b 8a 6 7 TAMESNA TALAK CNPC III
Tro
future?
TO NOUAKCHOTT
14 IRHAZER Arlit Global
N
Kidal ERDIS ERDIS ERDIS
ugh
HOMODJI MANGA LARGEAU I LARGEAU V II III IV
Gas pipeline
N
AZAWAK SAS
N
16b 16a 10 Global

future? BAS IN N I G E R DIBELLA LARGEAU II Faya Petrol.
26 T AMNESNA TNR DIBELLA 2
15
E
R
Oil refinery M A L I CNPC 1 SILTOU LARGEAU III LARGEAU VI
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White NIGERIA-ALGERIA
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SA
SALAMAT
EA
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M
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BENIN BASIN
N
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AK
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Nig
er DOBA BASIN Sarh CNPC
S IE R R A CïTE TOGO DOSEO BASIN
LE O NE Moundou DOSEO
DÕIVOIRE Glencore
GHANA CHARI S II
Lac de Ajaokuta
Kossou Lake CHARI S I
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LIBERIA CENTRAL AFRICAN

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REPUBLIC
CAMEROON Bambari
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C IL P
Bioko O
D E M . R E P.
G UL F O F G UI NEA Kribi
E QUAT O R IA L OF CONGO
GUINE A Congo
0 Kilometres 400
GABON
0 Miles 200 © African Energy 2018 (www.africa-energy.com) REP. OF CONGO
69
Mali, Niger, Chad, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic
Côte d’Ivoire
0 Kilometres 100

C ïT E DÕI V OI R E
mo
0 Miles 50 Anyama
Co
LIBERIA
Bongo
S Abidjan
as
CI-301 CI-302 Tullow CI-520 CI-521 CI-522 Tullow
sa
SIR SMB
CI-519
nd
Tullow Dabou Tullow Tullow TO TAKORADI
Tullow
ra
CI-518 Grand- Jacqueville Vridi Lagune
Tullow Lahou Grand-Bassam
CI-102 Aby
Fresco CI-503
CI-12 Foxtrot FPSO ESPOIR 10 CI-525 98
lly
CI-705 FSRU
IVOIRIEN Vitol Eastern
12 3 4
Cav a
CI-704 CI-500 Foxtrot 5 CI-202 WAGP

Sassandra CI-531 Blier Vitol 12 ELAND EX TENSIO
CI-11 Ptroci 6 7 11 KUDU N?
CI-502
CI-26 CNR CI-24 Eastern
CI-27 Foxtrot Foxtrot
FPSO
CI-40 CNR CI-101 ASSINIE
CI-523
GH AN A
CI-703 CI-706 BAOBAB
Eni IBEX
San-Pdro CI- IVOIRIEN
PAON Vitol Eastern 200m
501 CI-504
CI-103 CI-709
CI-702 CI-205 CI-401 CI-524
Eni INDEPENDANCE Tullow
CI-707 CI-708 ROSSIGNOL
CI-701 Kosmos, BP* Kosmos, BP* CI-526 IVOIRE
Tabou CI-513 Kosmos, BP* PELICAN CI-710
CI-100 20
CI-700 1 LION Total 00
CI-603 2 PANTHéRE
m
m 3 FOXTROT
200 CI-602 Kosmos, BP*
CI-601 Kosmos, BP* CI-604 4 MARLIN CI-605
(oil & gas) Total
0m
MANTA (gas)
00
2 5 ESPOIR
6 BAOBAB
7 ACAJOU
3000
m
GULF OF GUINEA 8 GAZELLE
9 ADDAX
10 BUBALE
11 HIPPO
CI-600 12 IMPALA 3000m
0m
0 40
40 0
0m
Abandoned fields or where production has ceased are shown in upper and lower case *exploration operator Kosmos, development operator BP
Open block Products pipeline

future?
Licensed block
Oil refinery
Oil field
Gas processing plant
Gas/condensate field
Oil tanker terminal
Oil pipeline
LNG regasification plant and import terminal
future?
future?
Gas-to-power Gas/condensate pipeline
FPSO: floating production, storage and offloading
future? FSRU: floating storage and regasification unit
LNG imports and exports © African Energy 2018 (www.africa-energy.com)
Upstream assets M AL I 0 Kilometres 200

0 Miles 100
Monetisation strategies
B UR K INA FA S O
TO OUAGADOUGOU?
Bankable projects
Odienn Ferkessdougou
Offtake agreements Korhogo
anc l
ma B
Black
Volta
Banda
GU IN E A
Africa Investment Exchange C ï T E DÕI V O I R E
Band
Bondoukou
Sassa
m
am
Co
Bouak o
aR
ndra
Lac de

AIX: Gas
ouge
Man Kossou
Daloa
YAMOUSSOUKRO
Lac de
Developing partnerships along Buyo GHANA
Ba
n
Gagnoa
the gas value chain
da
ma
Soubr Divo
L IBE RIA
AIX: Gas brings upstream players together with senior Abidjan
officials, power sector and downstream developers and Jacqueville Grand-
Bassam
investors to help develop and strengthen partnerships along San-Pdro
the African gas value chain.
GULF OF GUINEA
www.africa-investment-exchange.com

Keep up to date with what is happening across the continent, including news and analysis of market developments,
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Ghana, Togo, Benin
0 Kilometres 50 0 Kilometres 150 NIGER
0 Miles 25
B Prestea 0 Miles 75 Ni
g
BURKINA FASO
er
no
CïTE
Ta
DÕI V O I R E Elubo Tarkwa
Bingo
FUTURE? Kandi
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EXPANDED
FUTURE? GNPC FSRU (GHANA 1000)
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TANO N TANO Sanzule Essiama Sekondi Tamale Parakou
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W CAPE Pan Andean Resources B A S IN
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PROFESSOR Amni 5 NKO FA E Sahara Energy Fields Ghana Techiman Atakpam
JOHN EVANS SA O
JUBILEE NK Sunyani
ATTA MILLS
3 Tullow SA FPSO JOHN AGYEKUM Simba Essel Abomey
4 6 KUFUOR Energy (under
DEEPWATER SW TANO BANDA GYE application)
TANO Tullow Gosco MTA NYAME
DEEPWATER
Kumasi Kpalim
COB TEN fields: Lagos
TANO / CAPE
Tano
OFFSHORE CAPE
BEECH 1 TWENEBOA
THREE POINTS PECAN N 2 ENYENRA 20
Lake Volta
Aker Energy THREE POINTS Obuasi Cotonou
PARADISE Eni 3 NTOMME
PORTO
0m
ALMOND HICKORY N DEEPWATER MTA fields: 10
00 LOM
PECAN CAPE THREE OFFSHORE 4 MAHOGANY m
ACCRA Tema
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POINTS WEST CAPE THREE 5 TEAK
Eco Atlantic POINTS SOUTH 6 AKASA Cape
DZATA Coast
Ghana (PetroGulf) UB Resources Sanzule
SOUTH DEEPWATER 2000m
DEEPWATER CAPE THREE POINTS Atuabo Aboadze
TANO
AGM Petroleum
ExxonMobil
A
3000m Sekondi-
Takoradi GULF OF GUINEA
3000m
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FROM ALAGBADO
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B Elephant Oil A
Kumasi BENIN
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Open block Ho
PORTO-NOVO
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Licensed block future? Tsvi
Godomey
Ouidah
Oil field
GH A N A Cotonou
Gas processing plant CLOSED 1
Akosombo Anho 200m
Gas/condensate field Oil tanker terminal Akosombo LOM 3
SEME N
SEME S 1000m
Dam FrazOil
future? FSRU
Gas/condensate pipeline Koforidua Sogakope 4
V 1/A 2
future? LNG regasification plant 2000m
Akim Oda Keta
ol
ta
Products pipeline and import terminal KETA DELTA FIFA

TOR 2/B
future? Swiss
African Oil Cape
CïTE Tema Co. (SWAOCO) St Paul m
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DÕ I V O I R E Bogoso Agona
Swedru FSO
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Producing Co. Ltd. SUB-BASIN
EXTE
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1000 SALTPOND
m
Brittania-U
Ghana ACCRA-KETA 9 10
2000
m (EASTERN)
CAPE
THREE POINTS BASIN
SUB-BASIN 11 12
SALTPOND
30
(CENTRAL)
BASIN 13
00
m
14
TANO (WESTERN) G UL F O F G UI NEA
BASIN 15
0 Kilometres 100
FPSO: floating production, storage and offloading FSRU: floating storage and regasification unit FSO: floating storage and offloading 0 Miles 50


Cameroon
BA: BAVO-ASOMA EKOUNDOU Perenco KE: KITA-EDEM Perenco MB: MOABI Perenco
0 Kilometres 20 BAKASSI Perenco 1 BIBOUNDI 1 KITA E 1 BAKASSI E
Mundemba 1 BAVO 2 EKOUNDOU 2 EDEM E 2 MONDONI
0 Miles 10 2 ASOMA 3 NAME 3 MEME 3 KOTO
3 ASOMA C 4 KOMBO N 4 ABASI SAM: S ASOMA MARINE
4 LIPENDJA 5 KOMBO 5 LOBE
Addax (Sinopec)
NIGERIA NDIAN 5 LIPENDJA S 6 BAROMBI 6 BOJONGO
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JABANE MÕBONGO Perenco 1 MOSONGO
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SANJE 2 NYANGASSA Addax (Sinopec)
TANDA RIVER 3 NYANGASSA S Addax (Sinopec)
C-18 SANDY GAS IDABATO NGOSSO Orion Energy 4 BOA 1 IROKO MA: MOKOKO-ABANA
Perenco Holding 5 BOA SLO Addax (Sinopec)
K: KOLE MARINE
NAWUMSE 6 BAKASSI 1 MOKOKO W
NARENDI Perenco 2 MOKOKO
2 C-17 DN: DISSONI N 1 DIKOME
1 ODIONG 3 MOKOKO S
KE TALI Perenco 2 KOLE
4 ABANA
3 1 DISSONI N 3 KOLE S
BOMANA EXPL. 2 DISSONI 4 KOLE SW H-113 BOMONO
5 OONGUE
C-12
6 4 R ê O C-16
BA D E L OBANEKAN E Mbanga Euroil (Bowleven)
Yabassi
3 C-15 1 1 C-29
EKOUNDOU 1 C-11 4 LE 1 IDENAO Bamusso
MARINE BB 2
4
4
KM1 2 5 1 AEE-34 UBENE
Perenco 2 5 3 2 2 DN
5 3 6
10 9 6 3 THALI
7 4 Tower
8
M
C A M E R O O N
6 1 Resources OAK
1 2
AEE-40 2 C-23 1 FSO 2 C-30
I 1 NJONJI Glencore
4 MA H-116 MB SAM
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3
R E Y3 B A S I N BOLONGO H-105
MATANDA
MOUDI VICTORIA B TIKO 50 Gaz du Cameroun
Perenco VICTORIA INUNI MOAMBE
VICTORIA A (Victoria Oil & Gas)
m
FSO Bua ZINGANA

MASSONGO ISONGO C ISONGO
MARINE Bonabri LOGBABA
Tiko BABA EXPLORATION
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Enlargement MANYIKEBI SONARA Douala
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Exploration permit KOMBE-NSEPE

BIGH T OF
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FUTURE NEWAGE
exploitation licence FLNG?
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SAPELE NW Dam
Gas/condensate field KWA KWA
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TILAPIA
aga
Gas pipeline San
E Q U AT O R I A L G U I N E A
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YOYO
Gas processing plant BASIN
m
Noble Energy C-34 MVIA

Bioko SNH
Oil tanker terminal BON N Y MVIA
LNG liquefaction YOYO

plant and export
COCO NKOUDOU
terminal MARINE
0 Km 200 L. Chad BENDA

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0 Miles 100 Had
MAKARY
Yan Chang Logone
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Company (YCLDC)
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BASIN
INE ON
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PIP ERO
0 Kilometres 40
OIL CAM
EL
MAMF 0 Miles 20
BASIN Bamenda C.A.R.
-
AD
FLNG: floating liquefied

CH
MANYU natural gas

CAMEROON Mam
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Nkongsamba storage and offloading
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Bertoua
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FSO: floating storage

Sa E Q U AT O R I A L and offloading
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10 00 m
500m
00m
Limbe GUINEA Campo © African Energy 2018

m
YAOUND
50
Bioko
1 (www.africa-energy.com)
Eda
EQ GU
FUTURE
PRODUCTS
UA IN
Kribi PIPELINE?
TO EA
Dj Keep up to date with news and analysis of market developments,

a
R

L
IA
GABO N
REP. OF CONGO

OPL OPL
OPL OPL 605 606 OPL 702 CHAD
OPL 603 OPL OPL
602 604 607 Frontier
608 NI G ER e OPL Exploration
OPL Y ob 701 Lake
601 OPL OPL OPL Chad
OPL OPL 705 OPL OPL 709 710 711
Sokoto OPL 703 704 Frontier Exp. 706 708
Production
OPL OPL OPL Frontier OPL 707
609 610 614 Katsina
2017
SOKOTO
Exp. Nguru Gashua jia Frontier Exp.
OPL OPL H ade OPL OPL OPL OPL 722 OPL
OPL OPL OPL Kaura- OPL
Proved reserves
611 612 613 712 OPL 715 OPL 719 720 721 New Nigeria 723
Namoda OPL 717
% of African total
713 718 Development
OPL OPL OPL OPL OPL 714 OPL Co. (NNDC)
615 616 617 618 619
Ch
Ni
g 716
a ri
OPL OPL OPL OPL OPL OPL OPL OPL 733 OPL
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Birnin- Gusau JIGAWA 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 NNDC 734 OPL
So
K AT S I N A OPL 735
OPL Kebbi OPL OPL ko
to 724 OPL YOBE
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620 OPL 622 623 Kano 725 BORNO
621 ZAMFARA OPL 736 OPL 737 OPL OPL OPL
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Kamba Dutse 738 739 741 742
Maiduguri OPL
IN
Damaturu
OPL
EL
625 OPL
IP
KANO 740 Bama
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Funtua Potiskum
S
OPL OPL OPL OPL
A
624 KEBBI OPL OPL 802
Oil
G
743 745 746
24.6
OPL 626 801 Kari
OPL Buni
627 OPL
1.988m b/d
37.5bn bbls
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KK
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501 Tegina Shiroro OPL 806 Gombe
B ENIN Reservoir OPL 809 OPL 810 OPL
OPL Zungeru NNDC NNDC 811
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Sarkin ADAMAWA
OPL 505 OPL 506 Pawa Jos GOMBE
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Gas
OPL Kafanchan OPL 816 TROUGH CHAD
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OPL
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504
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BIDA BASIN 812 OPL
OPL 508 OPL 509 OPL OPL 815 Numan OPL
OPL 507 OPL N I G E R I A 813 814 817
Nig 510 ue
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B
Jebba 822 823 OPL 819
A-
OPL OPL 514 Shendam Jalingo
OPL 513 FEDERAL
UT
511 OPL Keffi Wamba OPL 821
Oum
512 CAPITAL OPL
Shaki KWARA OPL 515 TERR. OPL OPL OPL OPL 824
AOK
OPL
NASARAWA 826 827 828 829
OPL 825 OPL
AJ
Baro 516 BENUE TROUGH 830
Ilorin Lafia
OPL
OPL 831 OPL OPL OPL OPL OPL
Ogbomosho Offa 517 832 833 834 835 836
Iseyin
TA R A B A
OPL
Kabba 837
OYO Lokoja
OPL OPL OPL
Oshogbo E K I T I
838 839 840
Wukari
Ilesha Ado- Okene Makurdi
Ibadan Iwo Ife Ekiti KOGI ANAMBRA OPL OPL OPL
Don
Ajaokuta BASIN 841 842 843

Papalanto
ga
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Akure Okpella 901 902 Otukpo
Abeokuta Gboko Ka Takum
OGUN Ondo OPL OPL BENUE ts
OPL 310 OPL Auchi in Oil mining licence (OML)
306 ONDO 903 904 a
Optimum OPL 303 OPL OPL Ala
Petroleum 305 Sagamu 914 Gembu
Alagbado Ore OPL 906 Oil field
ASP
OPL
OML 113 915
Yinka Folawiyo Crownwell
Omotosho EL P OPL Ogoja Gas/condensate field
Cotonou LAGOS S EDO 916 OPL 909 OPL 905
Enugu Gas Transmission &
Lagos DANGOTE Benin Abudu Power Ltd. (GTPL) Oil pipeline
OGO Lekki ANAMBRA E N U G U Abakaliki
AJE OPL 311 OK LNG Asaba future?
Free City Onitsha EBONYI
FPSO FRONT PUFFIN Olokola
KETA BASIN Trade Free Trade s Gas/condensate pipeline
Zone Nnewi os
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OPL 312 OPL 313 OPL 314 Zone Cr C R O S S future?
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OPL 317 OPL 319 OPL 321 Umuahia
KNOC RIVER
Warri D E L T A IMO
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WEST AFRICAN
B I G H T Escravos Products pipeline
TOGO & GHANA

OPL 325 OPL CA MER O O N
20
Ashbert 318 Owerri ABIA
OF BENIN
00
m
OPL 327 Aba Oil refinery
Forcados Uyo future?
OPL 328 OPL Port Calabar
320 Yenagoa AKWA IBOM Gas processing plant
OPL 329 Harcourt
OPL OPL OPL B AY E L S A future?
330 331 322 Eket
M
Oil tanker terminal
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OPL OPL th Qua Bakassi
333 334 Iboe Peninsula a future?
Pennington so ag
San
f t h e N ig e r R I V E R S Bonny
GULF OF GUINEA LNG liquefaction plant
OPL OPL OPL N I GER
335 336 326 Brass River and export terminal
D ELTA NLNG
BIGHT OF future?
OPL OPL
© African 337 338 BRASS LNG BONNY
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Energy 2018 0 Kilometres 300

EQUATORIAL
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(www.africa- FPSO: floating production,

OPL OPL GUINEA
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73
Nigeria
Olokola Free Trade Zone Onshore 9 OKOPORO 15 UPOKITI S Benin City 19 AJUJU 25 OGUDE OPL 909
74
ELP
10 JATUMI E 16 UPOKITI N S 20 BAMIENE 26 OKWUIBOME Oil field
1 OPUEKEBA AKUKWA
OK LNG 2 ADAGBASSA 11 Upomami 17 CRAWFORD CREEK 21 SAGHARA 27 OKPAI
3 GBETIOKUN, BIME 12 OKPOKO S 18 BATAN Abudu 22 ELOLO 28 ASHAKA Gas/condensate field
ERIMWINDU Awka
4 TONGARAFA 13 Aghigho 23 ATAMBA 29 ASEMOKE 31 AKRI, AKRI W
ASP
GILLI GILLI N OVIA
14 UPOMAMI S 24 Ubefan 30 KWALE E 32 NDONI CREEK
20 5 OKI, OZIENGBE S Asaba Oil pipeline
0m GILLI GILLI OTIEN 33 OGBOGBENE N
6 MOSOGAR BINIWEI
Onitsha
TONJOR OSSIOMO 34 OGBOGBENE future?
40 7 OVHOR OLUEGI
0m
EPIYA 8 OVHOR DEEP POLOGBENE OLOGBO ONA OBI ANYIMA 35 Ogbogbene W
AN o e O 5 OREDO ASABORO Oben N
Nnewi 36 OMOKU E
100
0m B
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ELEGBE
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Gas/condensate pipeline
Obe UBA E EL Om ju OL TSEKELEWU ABIALA AROH OGHAREFE 37 EBEGORO
SHANGO B O P 4 OWE OBEN future?
OPUAMA UGBO OGHAREKI ADOFI 38 NKISA
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GBADUDU MINA GWATTO 2 OLOKUN IGBOLO
ORORO 1 Abigborodo Sapele 40 Egeboro S Products pipeline
Nig
BIGHT BITA PARABE 6 INYI
EWAN OkagbaGBOKODA SAPELE OKPORHURU 41 ALINSO
RUTA EKO BENIN RIVER AMUKPE EGBAOMA MATSOGO CREEK
42 AMA
future?
AZAMA OLURE UBALEME OROGHO E
OF ABO N MALU META MEJO OB AST
NEDUM OLOYE DIBI MAKARABA 8 7 ORIOMU 3 - AMOJI ANIEZE Oil refinery
Obodo W
ABO C MEREN BOBI 9 PI
TAPA Jatumi PE EST N I G E R I A
Niger Delta
BENIN OPOLO UKPOKITI ARA 10 EKOKOR LI

43 IBEWA
future?
TUM UTONANA Okpoko NE UMUSADEGE 26 Kwale
O 11 EKOKOR S EBENDO 27 BENIKU
FPSO ABO BENIN DELTA EGTL JONES CK. 16 OBODETI 28 ODUGRI OSSU 44 OBAGI
OLOMU FPSO TRINITYESTUARY 12 KOKORI UMUSATI NJABA 45 OBAGI SW 55 ELELENWA Gas processing plant
SPIRIT ABITEYE 14 15 OGUTA
DELTA 29 KWALE 30 46 Biseni 56 Obigbo
EJULEBE 23 25 13 Rapele EFFURUN ORJO URHURE Ozoro JISIKE future?
S 21 22 IGBUKU AGWE 31 IZOMBE
24 EGWA ELPS OFA OGINI EGBEMA 47 ADEIN ZIGAZIGA 57 Ajokpori
OKODO KAKA OKAN Escravos UGHELLI AFIESERE UGADA
18 WRPC W OTOVO W EGBEMA 48 TAYLOR CREEK 58 Ebubu
SONAM ESC.BEACH ODIDI 19 WARRI ERIEMU ISOKO ABOH ONITE 32 49 SOMBREIRO 59 BANGHAN
Oil tanker terminal
17 Warri Owerri
BOSI N FPSO ERHA N Escravos Terminal MEFA AFREMO RIVER UGHELLI E OWEH ISOKO S OVO 33 50 EREMA 60 Akuba future?
TFP 20 OGBANABOU 35 34 EBOCHA MÕBEDE 51 EREMA W 61 Tai
W AWODI AWODI MEJI FORCADOS YEYE ABURA Osioka OLOMORO IRRI OHAJI S
FPSO ERHA N YOKRI IRIGBO OGBOGU OBIAFU- IHEOMA 52 IHUGBOGO 62 Onne
OKPOLO LNG liquefaction plant
TN
OYO FORCADOS SW UTOROGU UMUORU OBRIKOM
P
BOSI MESAN ASSA N 53 OLO W 63 DAWES ISLAND
ERHA OFFE
OSIOKA S EVWRENI ORONI Omoku W 37 38 Assa and export terminal
AJAPA 36 IBIGWE ODINMA 54 UMUDIOGA 64 ALAKIRI E
Forcados OWOPELE N UZERE E 40
OBIRA OGEDEH UZERE W ADIBAWA 39 OGUALI 65 BANIELE future?
FPSO ARMADA ODIMODI 41 42 EMEABIAM
FPSO ERHA PERDANA OWOPELE 47 AMAPU 66 HUGHES CHANNEL
OBOKUN ABARA BENIBOYE BOMADI
SAMABRI 46 NE IDU
UKPICHI ALAOMA
AKEPO ODON 44 OBITE 67 Bodo W
BOSI S KONKO AGBERI
OKPOKONOU UDUERE ADIBAWA 45 43 AHIA OWU 68 BODO
KUDO s
Aladja ABASORE 48 49 OMERELU
Cros
OSOSO dos UBETA 50

EGBELEKE
s
RamoTUOMO W
EBOLIBO Forcados rca 51 54
RAMOS TUOMO Isu ABA Ikot-
KUYERE KUMBOWEI EPU
Fo
ERUKUKU Terminal UBIMA
RIVER OSUOPELE OSHI UBIE 52 MINI NTA TOWN Aba Ekpene
ISENI KOLOBIRI KOROAMA
ZARAMA OLO UMUANWA IKA
20 EL AKONO SW M
OG
Angalalei KABIAMA Ahoada 53 OTAMINI E CHE
KOROLEI ALIMINI OBELE U IMO
00
OMA BENISEDE BENI UDEN ETELEBOU
GS
UM RIVER OBUZO Uyo
IZOMINI
m
ENE OGBOTOBO EGBEDI CREEK GBARAN MANUSO Rumuekpe NKALI EDIK
(G
OPOMOYO
EKEDEI GBARAN DEEP GT OHURU
TS
ECHIM
ENGULE EHURU AGBAYA EREMOR ORUBOU
OPUKUSHI N
S-1 OGBODOG AGBADA Calabar
Enwhe ,4 OBIGBO
-3)
OPUKUSHI Yenagoa OZA NGBOKO
AGGE DODO N EBEZIBA (O TS- TNP
N
EGBELLE TUNU KANBO Ajatiton un KOLO CREEK EMOHUA UR 6 ISIMIRI
OGBELE ) ISOBA Afam Umuosi
N
EJA AJAKETON UKANA S
OBERAN EJIGEBEDE CLOUGH CREEK AFUO Akpor 55 56 OBEAKPU
SEIBOU ELEBELE Apara 57
GT
AMATU EA EC CREEK Port PHRC AFAM OFEMINI
NUN
S-
ATALA OGBAINBIRI EGBOLOM 59 Oron
2
RIVER EMETTE Harcourt 58 60 OKOLOMA
FPSO SEA EH OSIAMA CREEK S YOKURU
OBUTORU CREEK SENGANA Buguma Creek 61 Korokoro
EAGLE Oloibiri KUGBO W 62
IBIBIO AKATA STUBB
AZUZUAMA RIVER Asaritoru Orubiri 63 DAVY
BONGA N AKARINO Pennington SOKU Onne Oil & Gas Free Zone ETEBI CREEK BANK
DIEBU D.CK.E OBAMA N OKOROBA JOKKA Bomu MBO
BOBO BILABRI DEEP BILABRI IKEBIRI IKEBIRI CREEK ALAKIRI OBIO
FPSO IDAMA 64 65 68 Yorla Ikot AKAN EKIM Eket UQUO
OROBIRI N CHIOMA OPUGBENE Pirigbene OBAMA NIMBE S KRAKAMA E ABANA W
BONGA NW ERIBI A W O B A NW Abasi IBOTIO EKET
Pirigbene SE Krakama
CAWTHORNE 67 TEEBA
YORLA S (EBIAT)
SANTA BARBARA EKULAMA CHAN. 66 ETE AKAI QUA ABANA
BONGA OWANARE IG.N S.B.DEEP OPOBO N ETE S UTAPATE BOE
Qua 74 E
NPETE TEBIDABA ROBERTKIRI 72
IGBOMOTORU OKIORI NEMBE S.B. S TL AWOBA AKASO BONNY N UTAPATE S Iboe 73
FPSO FPSO BONGA MIDDLETON NC W SETU 71
ORIRI OLOBIA BUBOUWE BOU CREEK GT S Opobo S AMANIBA 66 68
BONGA SW NEMBE -2 Bonny BONNY OTAKIKPO 65 70
EKEH CK.E BELEMA FPSO INANGA
IKUBIO ARMADA OKORO EKPAT 64 67 69
OKPA KE ITUT ORON
NSIKO APARO N APOI KULAMA
ELEPAKUROGBAGBA
ODEAMA NLNG TUBU PERKASA 3 1 IDOHO 63
OTUO KANUSKIRI CREEK OLUA IMA NSIMBO 4 UFENI AKAM 62 58
FUNIWA DEEP 5
2 Qua Iboe
60 61
FPSO FPSO OTUO S KUROGBAGBA S INDA 59 57
BOI FUNIWA GTS
-5 OSO 6 OYOT 11 Terminal UNAM
Kalaekule 53
OBRA BRASS LNG Brass
KB 10 12 13 EKU UBIT 52
River KD IKIKE ABANG USARI 14 54 56
KINIUN Pennington Sengana KAPPA 51 55
OKUBIE 8 7 ENANG INIM 46 50
CAMEROON
Terminal K OR ERONG 15 16
HA ON A M A 9 IBOM 45 UTUE FPSO
HM KL AMENAM E 18 EDOP 17 44 47 49 KNOCK
FPSO HB HD
Bonny AMENAM 43
OGGS 19 ETIM EBOK ADOON
JK Terminal KONYE EKPE W EKPE ADUA ASABO
UGE MADU HP (GTS-3) 24 22 20 34 35 OFON 48
HOBOBO KI EKEPKEP 26 36 39
30
UFAN 25 23 21
0
ATO N Brass River KI S FSO UNITY 33
OKONO 37 38 40
0m
YOHO FPSO EDIKAN 32 42
Terminal FPSO NWANA FALCON 31
ORSO DUBAGBENE BALA AGBARA 27 ODUDU EMEM 41
MOPU VEER
SENDJE OKUK IME 30
SHOKOLOKO BERGE PEGI 28 PREM & FSO
AFIA UKPEME
OFRIMA N ASHA FPSO OKPOHO UTIP 29 VIRINI PREM
OYOMA ANYALA HJ S HI MYSTRAS AWAWA ARAN ODEME EKANGA
NOA ABAJI- NKELU OKWORI, NKARIKA
G U L F O F G U I N E A OFRIMA ASANGA UGBOKO
20
OKOLO NDA OKWORI S UTINE INE 0m
FPSO TORIYE E Q U AT.
UDELE ODUM 40
UDELE W ADAKA GUINEA 0m
OKPOK 1 00
EBWA
Offshore EFERE
0m
1 ISANTIM 24 EMIANG 46 MBAIYAK

BIGHT
2 MBUOTIDEM 25 IKONG 47 Iyak SE FPSO USAN OWOWO OF BONNY
3 NKOP 26 NKUKU 48 OKWOK
5
4 OBU N 27 NKERE 49 ANTAN SEKHI USAN

S-
5 OBU 28 UWEM 50 IFURE AGBAMI USAN W ASP: Aladja System Pipeline

FPSO
GT
EBITEMI UKOT
6 ERONG 29 NSISONG 51 IBOT IKIJA EKOLI NGOLO ELPS: Escravos-Lagos Pipeline System
7 USARI NW 30 MZ 52 MFEM FLNG: floating liquefied natural gas
8 FIOM 31 UDIANA 53 ETORO
9 UDIBE 32 ISONSI 54 MFEM SE FPSO AGBAMI BILAH FPSO FPSO: floating production, storage
FPSO UKOT S Bioko
10 UTAI 33 INUEN 55 MIMBO DORO and offloading
BOLIA-CHOTA
11 MOYOM 34 ASASA, 56 EBUGHU EMEIN FSO: floating storage and offloading
12 USARI E ASASA W 57 ADANGA NNWA
GTS: Gas Transmission System
13 EDI 35 ETIM S 58 ADANGA N PREOWEI
14 OBONG 36 IYUNG (HORST) FPSO MOPU: mobile offshore production unit
15 EWA, NSUNG 37 OFFIONG 59 ISOBO NCTL: Nembe Creek Trunk Line
FPSO
16 ETIM N, ETIM W 38 MCC 60 EDE AKPO OGGS: Offshore Gas Gathering System
17 EKIKO 39 UYAI 61 IBENO 68 INAGHA ZABAZABA FPSO AKPO
ETAN OUR: Obite-Ubeta-Rumuji
18 ENANG W 40 ETISONG N 62 UKPAM 69 N ORON
19 MFONISO 41 ETISONG 63 IBA 70 KITA MARINE FPSO FPSO EGINA 00m TFP: Trans-Forcados Pipeline
KURO EGINA 20
20 AKAMBA 42 OFON 64 IDIOK 71 EKWE TNP: Trans-Niger Pipeline
21 USORO 43 EDIDIANA 65 ITUT N 72 CROSS RIVER 0 Kilometres 60
BOMU Abandoned fields or where production has
22 LLL 44 IYAK 66 NDIBE 73 TOM SHOT BANK © African Energy 2018 EGINA S OBO
23 IBIOM 45 EKONG 67 W ORON 74 OKPOSO E 0 Miles 30 (www.africa-energy.com) ceased are shown in upper and lower case

NIGERIA Ð STP JOINT DEVELOPMENT ZONE
KINA
LEMBA
OPL 241 OPL 916 OPL 907 OPL 908 OPL 909
Oilworld Olokola Free
Benin City Ager (Global Energy) Open block
Abudu
Trade Zone ONDO OPL 917
OML 142 Ager (Global Energy) Oil prospecting licence (OPL)
EDO OML 96 Summit Oil
Awka
OPL 274 Dubri Oil
20
OML 103 Sahara Energy Asaba Oil mining licence (OML)
OPL 332 0m OML 98 Onitsha
40
ConOil Fields OML 111 PanOcean OPL 275 OPL 135 ENUGU OPL 910 OPL 912
0m NPDC Pan Ocean Oil Eni
100 Sahara OML 4 Nnewi
0m Energy Fields Seplat EBONYI
OPL 228
OML 40 Sahara
er
Swift
OML 95 Elcrest Oil Energy Fields
OPL 283/B
Nig
OML 110 Chevron E&P Sapele Newcross
BIGHT Cavendish Guarantee OML 49 Petroleum Newcross
OML 125 Petroleum OML 41 OML 38 Swift Petroleum
Chevron Seplat Oil OML 143 OPL 912
OF Eni Seplat OPL 283/A
OML Newcross Midwestern Sterling Global
OPL BENIN 108 OML 43 Petroleum O&G
323 OPL 2007 OML 124
Sepcol Shell OML 34 Energia OML 60 OPL 911
KNOC OML 42 ConOil Addax
OPL NPDC OML 30 Independent OML Eni
(Sinopec) OPL 913
Neconde Energy 283
240 NPDC Pillar
OPL BOC Atlas Energy Oil OML 20 OML 53 ABIA
239 Petroleum Shell Seplat IMO
Moni Escravos OML 26 Umuahia
Pulo OML 91 OML 90 D E LTA NPDC
OPL 318 OML 133 OML 120 Chevron Chevron Warri Owerri
ExxonMobil Erin Energy CROSS
OML 64 OML OML 61 OPL 277
NPDC 61 Eni Sterling RIVER
OML 45 OML 65 Eni Global
OML 89 OML 109 Shell OPL 281
Brittania- Forcados Transcorp NPDC N I G E R I A
Chevron Atlas U Waltersmith
Petroleum Sogenal OML 62 OPL
Eni OML OML 16 235
OML 121 James 27 OML 21 Shell
OML 58 Shell

Erin Energy Bay Aladja OML Shell
Total
Cros
OPL Ramos dos

s
OML OML 79 rca 28 All Grace Energy OPL 234 Ikot-

287
Fo
136 Shell OML 46 Shell Ahoada Moni Aba Ekpene
Shell OML 31 OML 17 Pulo
2 OPL 248 OPL 284 ConOil OPL 227 Shell OPL 452
OML 22 Shell OPL
OML Amalgamated
00
Sahara Energy Fields Express Shell Niger Millennium Uyo 231
Petroleum 63 Eni Oil & Gas Moni Oil
0m
Excel OML 35 Delta E&P
OML 134 E&P Pulo Calabar
Eni Shell Yenagoa RIVERS
OPL 282 Associated
Eni OML 63 OPL 2006 OPL 236 AKWA Oil & Gas
OPL 320 un Port Oando
N
Eni OPL 2005 Sterling Global
Atlas Bayelsa OML 32 Sterling Harcourt IBOM
Petroleum OPL Oil Shell Global
OML 118 OPL 285 260 OML 11 Oron
OPL 322 Shell Total OML 36 B AY E L S A OML 29 Shell OML 13 Seven
Dajo Oil OML 23 OML 18 Energy OPL 276 OML 114
Shell Aiteo Eastern E&P Eroton E&P Eurafric Shell
OML 88 Shell Energy Frontier Newcross Moni
OML 122 OML Petroleum Pulo
Peak Chevron Eket Oil
59
Petroleum ConOil OML 24 OML 51 Ikot Abasi Network Qua Iboe
OML Newcross Chevron E&P
OPL Goland OPL 2008
OPL 471 Petroleum OPL 233 33 OML 55 Seplat, BelemaOil
OML 140 Bonny Tenoil
263 CNPC Nigdel Shell Green
Chevron United Energy OML 68 OML 123
OPL 324 OML 132 OPL 286-DO OML Amni Exxon-
OML 66 OML 25 278 OML 52 OML 112 Amni Addax
Chevron BG Movido OML 86 Chevron OPL 290 Mobil (Sinopec)
E&P NPDC Shell Oando OML 70 ConOil
Chevron
OML 141 Brass Del-Sigma OML 72 ExxonMobil OML 67
OPL River West African OML 117
289 Emerald OML 74 Petroleum OML 99 ExxonMobil
Amni
CAMEROON
OML 145 OPL Asher Shell E&P Total

ExxonMobil Xino
OML 77 OPL
215 Shell 467
Total
OML 115
OPL 250 OPL 2011 OML Oriental
30
OML 85 OPL 225 OPL 2009 Energy
0
0m First E&P Global Energy OML 100 102
OPL 2012 OML 126 OML 71 Total Total
Asher Xino Addax OML
OML 116 Eni 119 West African E&P
OPL 326 OPL 288 OML 83 (Sinopec)
North- NPDC
First E&P OML 144 OML 104 OPL 2010
South Sunlink Global Energy
Petroleum G U L F O F G U I N E A ExxonMobil 20
0m
OPL 226 OML 137 OPL 221 OML 139 OPL 223 40
OPL 292 Essar (ShoreCan) Addax (Sinopec) ExxonMobil ExxonMobil 0m
OPL 339 OPL 340 OPL 251 OPL 252 OPL 242 OPL 291 INC Natural OPL 293 OPL 294 OPL 295
Ashbert INC Natural Resources Atlas Petroleum El Shaddai Yorkshire OML 138
Resources Energy World ExxonMobil BIG HT OF BONNY
OML 127
100
Chevron OML
128
0m
Statoil OML
OML 135 131
Shell Oando Energy
OML 129
Statoil Resources E Q U AT O R I A L
OPL 343 OPL 344 OPL 253 OPL 254 OPL 255 OPL 243 OPL 244 GUINEA Bioko
OML 128 OML 129 OML 135 OML 131 OPL 221
OPL OPL OPL OPL OPL OPL OPL OPL OPL 244 Statoil Shell Oando
Statoil OPL 297 OML 130 OPL 247
341 342 343 344 253 254 255 260 OPL 245
OPL 245 OPL 297 OML 130 OPL 247 Eni Total
Eni Total
OPL OPL OPL OPL OPL OPL OPL OPL OPL 256 2
00
345 346 261 262 264 265 266 267 China OPL OPL
Sonangol 257 258 0 Kilometres 60
0m
JDZ
OPL OPL OPL OPL OPL OPL OPL 259 0 Kilometres 100 OPL 258 00m
Deepwater 268 269 270 271 272 273 20
OPL 267 OPL 256 1 2
Yorkshire 0 Miles 30
blocks 0 Miles 50 China Sonangol Energy
OPL 257 © African Energy 2018
OPL 345 OPL 346 OPL 261 OPL 262 OPL 264 OPL 265 OPL 266 World (www.africa-energy.com)
75
Nigeria
ConOil NIGERIA Ð STP JOINT DEVELOPMENT ZONE

3 4 5
Equatorial Guinea, São Tomé & Príncipe
BLOCK D AOPD
Open block NIGERIA NIGER Marathon Oil Marathon Oil
DELTA
FP PR
Exploration block TSAVARITA
SO O
SE
RP
ZA U C
ALBA FIELD
F P TIN
EN
Producing area
D
FI ER
SO A
RO
TURMALINA
AMBAR Marathon Oil
Oil well ZAFIRO FIELD EG-23 EG-12
ExxonMobil BLOCK BLOCK Z
Gas well B RoyalGate CORONA
Ekanga Energy
Oil pipeline -0 6
200 m
EG obil
M
GARDENIA
MALABO
n Punta
Gas pipeline xo EG-07 EG-08
BLOCK B Ex LANGOSTA Europa
ExxonMobil ESMERALDA
CAMEROON
FU
Oil refinery 5 00 m
TU
EG LNG FUTURE
DOUALA
RE
EG LNG 2?
Gas processing plant UR
E? Felicita aga
?
FUT San
Oil tanker terminal
EG-11
ExxonMobil BLOCK
Bioko
Carla BASIN
B ALEN FIELD
LNG liquefaction Noble Energy Diega
plant and export OREJA BLOCK J Luba
MARINA Atlas Petroleum Riaba FPSO
terminal TONEL
ESTRELLA
E
DE MAR ASENG FIELD YOLANDA

Noble Energy BLOCK I
1000m
EG-06 FUTURE GOLAR
Atlas Petroleum
GANDRIA FLNG?
SILENUS E EG-13 EG-14 EG-09
1
Q
VISCATA W E
LYKOS FORTUNA
COMPLEX
BLOCK R BLOCK X
U
0m Ophir Energy Starc

150
EG-15 EG-16 EG-17 EG-02
Atlas Petroleum
A
15
m 00
00
20
m
NIGERIA Ð STP JOINT

EG-22
DEVELOPMENT ZONE B I G H T O F
100
0m
O
R
EG-05
B O N N Y
G U L F O F BLOCK H
Atlas Petroleum
I
BLOCK P
ULTRA
G U I N E A
DEEP
A GEPetrol
EG-18 EG-10 EG-19

WATER L VENUS
0 Kilometres 200 Bioko DEVELOPMENT EG-03
Oranto AREA
0 Miles 100 Petroleum POD
NIGERIA LEMBA
OBO
12
BOMU E Q U A T.
GUINEA EG-24
Ophir
BLOCK W
Kosmos Energy
G EG-21
Kosmos Energy
GULF OF 3 KINA 4 5
Energy
U RIO MUNI
6 78
9 2
GUINEA 10 11
1
3
BASIN Bata
I
NIGERIA Ð STP JOINT Oranto
DEVELOPMENT 8 4 Petroleum
ERHC EG-04
N
19 ZONE
7 Prncipe Energy
18
Ro
15 5 FUTURE?
Muni
E
Kosmos OKUME FIELD
Kosmos-Trident Ebano
17 9 10 Energy Equatorial Guinea Akom
S Ì O T O M BP Mbini
A
6 Abang
Galp Oveng
EG-A1 & PRêNCIPE 11 CEIBA Elon
16 Kosmos FIELD
FPSO SENDJE
14 Energy CEIBA
So Tom SÌO
TOM G-13 EG-01
BLOCK S G3 Oleo
13 12 Kosmos Energy e Gas
EG-A2 BP Kosmos
Energy BLOCK K BLOCK N
CORISCO DEEP CORISCO BAY
GEPetrol GEPetrol
Annobn Elobey
(Eq. Guinea) Grande
GABON
Corisco
EG-A3 EG-A4
GABON
Mbane
FLNG: floating liquefied
natural gas
FPSO: floating production,
0 Kilometres 40 storage and offloading
m
m
m
200m
50 0m

00
00
00
10
20
15
2017 Oil
AT LAN T IC
Production 199,000 b/d
OC E AN % of African total 2.5
Proved reserves 1.1bn bbls

Gabon
A DAMIER Assala
B KOULA Assala Elobey Gra
nde
EQUATORIAL GUINEA
C TSENGUI Addax (Sinopec) E2 NTSINA 3 HYEMBE
Corisco PetroPlus Overseas
200m
D OBANGU Addax (Sinopec) IGOUMOU MARIN 5 4
Eni F2
?
FU RA
Shell Gabon
RE
E MOKABOU, POMARIN MANGA WEZE
A
TU
G
F COUCAL Perenco Gabon AGALI Oranje-Nassau Mbane
SO
Cap Lopez Sinopec 1
G AUTOUR Addax (Sinopec) Energy
CAP LOPEZ CLAIRETTE 2
H TOUCAN Assala 6
I ROBIN Assala Total Gabon Port-Gentil
0m
ANGUILLE
0m
7 Simany
GRAND
J AVOCETTE Perenco Gabon
LIBREVILLE
400m
ROUSSETTE Setanta Energy 8
200
100
K OZANGUE Perenco Gabon DEF3 F3 9
L GANGA Perenco Gabon IGUEGA ESPADON Petroplus
Owendo Eni 12 Alewana
M IKASSA KONGO NKOUERE MBELI CD3
Kango GR. ANGUILLE MARIN 10
Total Gabon 14 13 15 Illigoue
GULF LIBREVILLE K OZOUMBELE 11
B6 MANDJI S
D3 Eni ANGUILLE 16 CD5
NKAWA NYONIE DEEP EF4 & F5 SHAKTHI C6 17 D6
EKOUATA Oil India SE
AMBOUROUE
NTSINA MARINE D4 SW
KONZI GNONDO MROU 18
Eni OCTOPUS 20 19
REMBOU SARDINE
HYEMBE MÕBOUMBA Gabon Oil Co. Perenco Gabon Total Gabon 21 Ozouri
PetroPlus Gabon Oil Co.
OGUEYI Perenco Gabon

Overseas PAGEAU 22 23
A5 GONGOUE, Perenco Gabon
NÕTEMBENYONI 24 LIMANDE
25 Perenco Gabon
MANGA Cap Lopez ALOUMB ALOMBIE TORPILLE 30
DEF5 MÕBANGUE Lambarn GIRELLE Total Gabon 28 31 GOMBE MAR.
Port- CD5 Perenco Gabon OBANDO 27
26
29 GOMBE Perenco
Gentil OMTI EZANGA Perenco Gabon Gabon
33 32
A6 u Maurel & Prom YARA S
OGUEYI D6 oo DEF6 34 BALISTE
VANNEAU
GNONDO Perenco bis Og OMAL
OMGW
20
Total Gabon Perenco
Gabon REMBO OMGB, OMKO
40
0m AYOL Gabon
3000m
KOTTO ONAL OMOC 35
0
Perenco Gabon NGUMA Total Gabon 36
m
NIEMBI Fougamou
HYLIA OLENDE
B7 Perenco Gabon Perenco
DE7 E7 F7 Impact GRONDIN- Gabon
Oil & MANDAROS GRONDIN OGUENDJO
A7 B7 ASSEW Perenco Gabon Perenco Gabon 45
Impact B C Gas
38
Ng
Oil & A D BREME
100
Ombou NKEMBE 37 MANDAROS Perenco
oun
Gas
NKEMBE GULF J E Pura Vida 39 OGUENDJO Gabon
Perenco
0m
D7 MUELA D OZIGO Energy
i
Pura Vida K D7
Perenco L F F7 BARBIER 44 Gab. Perenco
AROUWE H 0 Kilometres 30 Perenco Gabon
A8 B8 Perenco PIRANHA DE8 OBA M I G 42 ABLETTE MARINE Gab.
40 41 Stream Oil 46
Gabon Perenco LOTUS RABI Assala 0 Miles 20 43
AIGLE
Gabon MOUKOUTI
W NIUNGO 1 AKONDO 15 NTCHENGU 30 ORINDI
CHIRA
TCHATAMBA AKOUM
B IGONGO
NGOUI NZIEMBOU-DIGHEGHI 2 BOURAWIRI, SAOZ 16 Ntchengu Ocean 31 OMPOYI
S Perenco Gabon 3 FRAMBOISE Total Gabon 32 GOMBE S
BC9 EKETAMBA KARI 4 ASSALA 17 MÕBega Total Gabon 33 BAUDROIE N
A9 Shell Gabon MOUNYOUNGA Maurel & Prom 5 PINGOUIN 18 Animba 34 BAUDROIE MARINE
G A B O N
D9 E9 6 CAP LOPEZ N 19 Ozouri 35 OLENDE W Perenco Gab.
7 Cap Lopez S 20 MURENE MARINE 36 MÕPOLUNIE Perenco Gab.
Sett Cama NGONGUI 8 Pointe Clairette 21 Doree 37 GONELLE
NOMBO
ATORA Perenco Gabon BENDE-MÕBASSOU Assala 9 Port Gentil 22 JULIENNE MARINE 38 MANDAROS W
TOTOU Assala 10 PORT GENTIL 23 MROU MARINE 39 GUIFETTE
Gamba GAMBA-IVINGA Assala OCEAN Total Gabon 24 MROU MARINE S 40 BARBIER SW
A10 BCD10 E10 11 PORT GENTIL S 25 TORPILLE NE 41 ABLETTE W
Shell Gabon F10 MAYONAMI
MUTAMBA 12 ANGUILLE NE 26 PELICAN E 42 ABLETTE
IRORU 13 DAUPHIN 27 PELICAN 43 LOBA
BIGORNEAU Vaalco
LEOPARD 14 GRAND ANGUILLE 28 LOCHE E Perenco Gabon 44 INGUESSI
MARIN FPSO KNOCK OLOWI 29 TURNIX Perenco Gabon 45 BATANGA Perenco Gabon
ALLAN
CNR NYANGA 46 E OROVINYARE
A11 B11 C11 DIABA Maurel & Prom Perenco Gabon
Total F11 G11
Gabon DIAMAN
Mayumba
MÕBYA N
FPSO LUCINA W
A12 B12 C12 PETROLEO EBOURI
NAUTIPA LUCINA
E12
ETAM
N TCHIBALA
Perenco
Gabon
BANIO
MÕBYA S
RE PUBLIC
A T L A N T I C O C E A N AVOUMA, S TCHIBALA
KALA MARIN
MWENGUI MAYUMBA
OF CONGO
F12 Niari
ETAM
A13 B13 C13 D13
Impact
LUNA MUETSE F13
Repsol
MARIN 1
2
FSO
(BRAZZAVILLE)
Vaalco 3 4 DUSSAFU MARIN
ou
Oil & Gas

BW Energy Gabon
uil
FPSO BW ADOLO (BW Offshore)

Ko
TCHICUATE
Marathon RUCHE EXCLUSIVE
A14 B14 C14 D14 E14 BOUDJI G14 EXPLOITATION AREA (EEA):
Impact 1
2
MOUBENGA
WALT WHITMAN
)
Oil & Gas
la
3 RUCHE MARIN
go
4 TORTUE
LIKUALE
(An
Petronas
AB15 C15 D15 E15 DOUKOU DAK
da
Noble Energy
Cabin
DEM. REP.
Open block
BC16 D16 E16 F16
OF CONGO
Licensed block
Oil field
Congo
CD17 E17
Oil pipeline
Gas pipeline
Oil refinery FPSO: floating production,
storage and offloading D18 ANGOLA
Oil tanker terminal FSO: floating storage
and offloading
0 Kilometres 100 Abandoned fields or where
3000
20
10
20
production has ceased are © African Energy 2018

00m
40
00
0 Miles 50 shown in upper and lower case

0m
0m
m
m
2017 Oil African Energy Newsletter

Production 200,000 b/d Keep up to date with news and analysis of market developments,
% of African total 2.5 project awards and political and governance issues.
Proved reserves 2bn bbls

Republic of Congo
4 200 NIAMBI
10
m
00
00
m
m
GA B ON
ou
Kouil
2 TIETIE
00
CONKOUATI
0m
MAYOMBE
VANDJI SNPC
Perenco
1 YOUBI 20 MÕPOULI VANDJI Kakamoeka
2 MWAFI 21 LIDEKA E
CONKOUATI
R E PU B L I C O F C O N G O
3 POALVOU W 22 LOUSSIMA
4 POALVOU 23 LOUSSIMA SW MARINE MARINE
5 IKALOU 24 TCHIBOUELA XXV XXVI
(BRAZZAVILLE)
6 IKALOU S 25 TCHIBOUELA E
MARINE XII
7 KOUILOU 26 TCHIBELI Eni MARINE IIIA
YOMBO-
300 8 MINSALA 27 TCHIBELI NE MASSEKO 2 IKALOU II SNPC NANGA IIA NANGA IIB
0m 9 LOUBANA 28 LITANZI Eni Gazprom Gazprom
CMS Nomeco
10 HINDA 29 TCHENDO YOUBI
11 NÕKOUGNI 30 LIKOUFOU MASSEKO 1
LOANGO II MARINE Eni Petro Kouilou Madingo- NANGA I NANGA III
FPSO XXIXA Kayes
12 FOUKANDA 31 LIKOUFOU S 2 Eni
(Anglo African Eni
13 DJAMBALA 32 NONGO YOMBO LOANGO ZATCHI II NKALAOil & Gas)
3 Eni KAYO N MÕBOUNDI
14 DJAMBALA S 33 NONGO N MWAFI II
4
ZATCHI BANGA
MARINE VIbis Wing Wah Eni
15 YANGA 34 AWA PALOUKOU S Eni MARINE 5
XXIV Eni
6 MARINE NEN NEN- TILAPIA ZINGALI
16 YANGA S 35 MANZI LIKALALA 7 XXXIB
Total BANGA
17 SENDJI 36 LIKOUALA E LIKALALA- MINSALA Eni Diosso POINTE INDIENNE
LIBONDO KOMBI Eni MARINE
18 LIDONGO 37 MOVE MARINE LIBONDO 8 XXIXB LITCHENDJILI Africa Oil & Gas Eni KOUAKOUALA
Total 9
19 POINTE 38 NSOKO XXIII 10 19 MENGO-KUNDJI-
11 LOUBANA
INDIENNE MARINE 12 Eni CORAF BINDI Eni LOUFIKA
Coastal En. MENGO
MARINE XIII 18 MARINE SNPC NANGA III
YANGA-SENDJI
Philia SA LIDONGO IIIB BINDI
13
15 Total Coastal En. MARINE SNPC
XXIXA
Pointe-
FOUKANDA II
16 17 VIODO
Coastal En. DOUK DAKA Noire KUNDJI
TCHINIAMBI
Eni 14 Pelfaco LIDEKA
MARINE XX Coastal En. VIODO KOGA
DJAMBALA II SOUNDA 20 Djno BANGA KAYO
Noble, Total, Eni KITINA TCHIBOUELA II
Woodside 21 22 Wing Wah
KAYO S
KITINA II PNGFbis 24 Total
Wing
Eni Total 25 Congorep
1000
Wah
KITINA S 23 28
TCHIBELI- 29
EMERAUDE
m
27 FUTURE
LITANZI II 26 NEWAGE
MOHO- Total FLNG?
MARINE XXVIIIA
BILONDO HAUTE MARINE 33
Total XXVII 30 32
MER B
TITANE Total Eni, 31
Perenco, 36 35 34 TCHENDO II
Total LIKOUALA Total
MOHO N LIKOUF AWA PALOUKOU II
MARINE XXX FPU
NÕKOSSA
BOATOU Eni Cabinda
MARINE XXVIIIB
MOBIM N
38
37
Congorep (Angola)
HAUTE FPU
Total
MER A NSOKO
CNOOC MOBIM BILONDO Total
A T L A N T I C O C E A N TURQUOISE ELEPHAN
LIBONOLO
T
FUTURE FPSO?
LIANZI m
0
40
20
00
Azurite ANGOLA-CONGO
m
JOINT
MARINE XXI EXTRACTION
Kosmos MARINE XIX ZONE
0m
Chevron
20
CASSIOPE
PERSEE Total 0 Kilometres 400

C.A.R.
Ubangi
Total
ANDROMEDE 0 Miles 200 KOLI
AURIGE Total Total
)
FUTURE FPSO?
CAMEROON
LE
ANDROMEDE MOPONGO
IL
DIGOil
Total
AV
PEGASE N MOKELE-
MER TRéS MBEMBE
ZZ
PROFOND S E Q U AT. Total Impfondo

MARTE Ouesso
Total
RA
GUINEA
Sa
o
30
(B
ngha
LEDA NGOLO
ng
00
Eni
Co
m
MARINE
XXII Open block
NG
MBOTO
NGOKI Ruk
Block under negotiation Pilatus i
CO
Exploration licence GABON Owando

Lac
Exploitation licence Ntomba
OF
Oil field NTSINGA

Gas/condensate field MBESSE
LIC
Lac Mai-
Gamboma Ndombe
Oil pipeline FUTURE
future? PRODUCTS
REPUB
0 Kilometres 60 PIPELINE?
Gas pipeline i
Mossendjo F im
0 Miles 40 future? KOBA
Abandoned fields or where production has Oil refinery MBOLOKO Kasa
ceased are shown in upper and lower case
Sibiti
FLNG: floating liquefied natural gas Oil tanker terminal
FPSO: floating production, storage and offloading Dolisie BRAZZAVILLE
FPU: floating production unit LNG liquefaction plant
and export terminal
© African Energy 2018 (www.africa-energy.com) D E M O C R AT I C
Pointe-
Noire Cabinda go REPUBLIC
on
2017 Oil (Angola) OF CONGO
C
Production 291,000 b/d

Kw
% of African total 3.6

ANGOLA
ango
Proved reserves 1.6bn bbls


Democratic Republic of Congo
Open block Oil refinery

A Goma Licensed block Oil tanker terminal
Gisenyi
B A Oil field 0 Kilometres 400
S O UT H
W
C
RW
hit
Oil pipeline 0 Miles 200
eN
S UDA N
AN
D Gas pipeline
ile
LAKE DA CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
E KIVU Uba
ng u
i
Bom
E1 Kibuye Gbadolite
Idjwi NORD- Kibali
UBANGI Ul
Gemena
N ile t
er
0 Km 20 BAS-UL
A lb
SUD- H A U T- U L
0 Miles 10 23 UBANGI Buta Isiro
DIGOil
Lisala Bumba ALBERTINE Lake
MONGALA C
i GRABEN I Albert
im Bunia
on
ru w Oil of
go
S A ITURI II DRCongo
Itu
TSHOPO ri (Fleurette)
ang
4 5 6
ha
Kisangani III Total

Q U AT E U R
C U V E T T E IV U GAN DA
Mbandaka Butembo
7 10 11 12
GABON Ruk 3 BUSIRA
i Comico
T S H U A PA
V L. Edward
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1 MBANDAKA apa Lake
Comico Victoria
NORD-KIVU
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24
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AGoma
RWA ND A
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R E P U B L I C KIVU
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Bolobo Ndombe
Bukavu
REPUBLIC i MAI-NDOMBE Kindu
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OF CONGO 22B
16
Kasa
O F C O N G O 17 18 19 20 SUD-KIVU
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1
BURUNDI
(BRAZZAVILLE) Bandundu MAN IEMA C E N T R A L E
ngo

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Sankuru SANKURU 2
21
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KINSHASA ala Kasongo
KINSHASA KWILU ba
TA N Z A N I A
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am
a
Boma Matadi
PIPELINE
Kananga LOMAMI kug 5 KALEMIE
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i
Muanda KASAì-OR. Kabinda Kalemie Pan African Oil

Mbuji-Mayi
PROPOSED MUANDA- 6 FATUMA
KWANGO Gandajika
B MATADI OIL PIPELINE Tshikapa TA N G A N Y I K A Lake
Kwa
Lu 7
Mwene-Ditu v Tanganyika
ngo
Kaniama 8
ua
ANGOLA H A U T- L O M A M I 9
Lubilanji
UPEMBA Pweto
B 0
0
Km
Miles 15
30 Kamina B A S I N
NGANZI MAVUMA Bukama Lu Lake

Mweru
fir
H A U T-
a
C ab i nd a K ATA N G A
ba
Luala
(Angola) LAULABA
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sai
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1 LUBI
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2 MWAMBE C m
ATLANTIC Lubumbashi ha
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PRODUCTS
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7 MAKELEKESE EnerGulf
8 MUANDA
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OFFSHORE LUKAMI
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4 Perenco MATAMBA-
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International 1 3 ateba
Oil Co.
MOKO CLOSED Surestream eM
GCO
I. d
(Perenco) Muanda 8 ZA MB I A
TS
KALAMU GCO S MUANDA-

LI L A
H
o
IA
B
BANANA ng Comico: Compagnie

W
Perenco Co MOZAMBIQUE
A
ANGOLA-DRC Minire Congolaise Lago de

JOINT DEVELOPMENT
CORRIDOR ANGOLA S.P.R.L. Kafu
e
Zam
bezi Cahora Bassa
(www.africa-energy.com) ZIMBABWE


Sudan, South Sudan
ASOC: Ascom Sudd Operating Co. (South Sudan)

DPOC: Dar Petroleum Operating Co. (South Sudan) BLOCK
GNPOC: Greater Nile Petroleum Operating Co. (Sudan) EG Y P T Lake 16
R
GPOC: Greater Pioneer Operating Co. (South Sudan) Nasser Halaib
SPOC: Sudd Petroleum Operating Co. (South Sudan) Triangle Halaib
E
BLOCK
D
BLOCK 12 BLOCK 14 Wadi Halfa Bir Tawil
13
L I B YA
S E
A
BLOCK 12 BLOCK 18
le Port Sudan BLOCK
Ni
15
FU ED
Dongola
LO
Suakin
TU
S
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?
PETRODAR
Merowe C Haiya
PO
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BLOCK 11 BLOCK 9 Atbara FUTURE
PRODUCTS
Ed Damer PIPELINE?
BLOCK 19
At
ba
BLOCK 10
CHAD
ra
S U D A N KRC ERITREA
Omdurman North Khartoum
KHARTOUM Kassala
CONCORP (CLOSED)
Wad
BLOCK 24 PEMedani BLOCK 8
Tek
TR
Gedaref e
OD
El Fasher
ze
AR
El Geneina
E
Sennar
LIN
BLOCK 20 BLOCK 23
El Obeid
PE
PIP
Blu
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C
En Nahud ER
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BLOCK 25 El Jeblein
T E Sudapet
Nyala PE PIP Ed Lake
HADIDA
Dilling BASIN Damazin Tana
M
17 17
PIPE LINE
SUF
White Nile
GREAT MOGA
BLOCK 21 17 BLOCK 6 KEYI
E
GREAT FULA BLOCK 2A

Petro-Energy 25 Disputed
NAHA BLOCK 4 Kadugli GNPOC 25 area
FIELD
SHOKA GNPOC Sudapet

ET HI O P I A
M
BLOCK 2B 7E Dar
L
Bahr el 17 NEEM BLOCK Sudapet, FUTURE?

PALOUGE, Petroleum
U G
Arab (Kiir) 22 Petrolines MOLETA B

BL LO Abay
U
FUTURE? 2AE A O
lig CK GUMRI CK (Blue N
BL DIFFRA B g D 3
OC He DGPO 1 THANGRIAL PO E ile)
L
KE C Upper C
C
T
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Disputed ar E F Unity
A
G State YALE Open block

H State fields
Malakal
W P/L
D
Abyei fields
NP
Disputed Bentiu So B LO TO Block under

OC
area B
KEIKANG LOC
b DP CK 7 DJIBOUTI? negotiation
B
OC
B
GP K 4 I
at
(unfinisheanal
UNDER
Aweil OC
A
r
d)
Ju J CONSTRUCTION Licensed block

Jonglei C
S
B
A
SP LOC Baro Oil field

CENTRAL
IN
B OC K
Ho LOC 5A
Oil pipeline
AFRICAN
S
l dc K E
or p 2 BL
Wau BL OC
Gas pipeline
REPUBLIC K
S O U T H
OC B1
I
AS K 5B Products pipeline
OC BL
A BAMBOO, TAIYIB O
N
CK
B GARAAD B2 Oil refinery
Pibor
S U D A N
C EL FULL, HEGLIG, LALOBA, TOMA
D EL TOOR Rumbek Gas processing plant
E EL HAAR, EL NAR, TOMA S, WIZEEN BL
F UMM SAGURA OC Bor Oil tanker terminal
G MUNGA, KHOR BWOW Or K B
an 3 Ramciel
to
Pi
H KHAIRAT, TALIH, UNITY Permanent Court of

FU
bo
I THAR JATH
TU
White Nile
Arbitration (PCA)
r
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J JARAYAN
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boundary of Abyei,
?
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Omo
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Yambio
FU
Torit Lokichokio
TU
RE
K E N YA Lake
D E M O C R AT I C R E P U B L I C
?
Nimule Turkana
TO LAMU?
OF CONGO 0 Kilometres 400
© African Energy 2018 UGANDA
(www.africa-energy.com) TO MOMBASA?
0 Miles 200
2017 Oil – Sudan Oil – South Sudan African Energy Newsletter

Production 86,000 b/d 109,000 b/d Keep up to date with news and analysis of market developments,
% of African total 1.1 1.4 project awards and political and governance issues.
Proved reserves 1.5bn bbls 3.5bn bbls www.africa-energy.com/news-centre

Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti
Open block
YEMEN
Block under negotiation ERITREA
Ba
Perim I.
BLOCK 2 A l-
b
Licensed block Oyster Oil & Gas M an
dab
Oil refinery ETHIOPIA Khor BLOCK 3
BAHRI
Angar Oyster
R
Oil tanker terminal Oil & Gas
Dorra
E
LNG liquefaction plant DEFNIN
and export terminal Obock
D JTadjourah
IBOUTI
D
0 Kilometres 300 Mersa
Teklay FUTURE?
GULBUB Golfe de
0 Miles 150 Farasan L. Assal
S
Tadjourah
e AMBER
Is. BLOCK 4
Oyster Arta BLOCK 1 Damerjog
DJIBOUTI VILLE
Nil Nakfa
E
Oil & Gas Ghoubbet-el- Oyster
At
Mersa Oil & Gas FUTURE?

b ar
Kharab
A
Gulbub Lake
GUBAN BASIN GULF OF
nd
a
Dahlak Abb
Archipelago ADEN
ila
Dikhil
al
DAHLAK DHUNISHUB
S UDA N Keren 0 Kilometres 80
m
Massawa
So
0 Miles 40
ASMARA ZULA
Teseney
Barentu E R I Mersa
Fatma
OM HAJAR Mendefera T R TIO
E Y E M E N
Humera
NORTHWEST Adwa
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GELALO
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METEMA ze Ed ASSAB
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BEILUL
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CLOSED
MEKELE
BASIN Assab
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Lake
F AD
Tana Lalibela AFAR O
DJIBOUTI GULF
E
REGIONAL FUTURE?
METEMA AB3 AB2 AB1 STATE BLOCK
Asayita
BA SIN GPB Ethiopia
(Gazprom) DJIBOUTI VILLE
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Guba Bahir
Dar Dese AFAR L. Abb
FUTURE?
sh
a
AB6 AB5 AB4 Aw
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BA SIN ADIGALA
(B NewAge (African
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SouthWest
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Sh OCEAN
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Somalia
YEMEN 003
E
004
R
R
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002
IT
D
001
SE
N
R
A D E
010 011 012
EA
A O F 009 (YEMEN)
F Socotra
U L
008
(SL-20) Abd Al-Kuri
G 005 006 007 Cape
(SL-15) Alula
Al-Ikhwan
DJIBOUTI 017 018 019 020 021
Alula
022 Cape (The Brothers)
015 (SL-11) (SL-16) (SL-21) Caseyr 023
014
(SL-1) (SL-4) 016
(SL-8)
ash
Zeila Qandala 024

025
L. Abb Bosaso
Aw
013 (Saylac)
027 028 029 030 031 032 034 035 036 037 038
(SL-2) (SL-5) (SL-17) (SL-22) 033
026 AWDAL SL-9 SL-12 DH Cape
Berbera RAK Gas RAK Gas Erigavo Area disputed ARO Hafun
OR BASIN
Baki SANAAG Hafun
P U N
WOQOOYI GALBEED
S O M between Puntland and
Borama 039 (SL-3) 040
A L 042 043 045 046 047 048
Hargeisa 041
Burao I L Internat. Somaliland
SL-18 DNO BA RI
ODEWAYNE
Genel Energy
SL-10b & SL-13
Genel Energy
A N 044 (SL-23)
Qardho Bayla
TOGDHEER S O O L D 049 050

051 052 M-5 058
T L A N D
053 054 056 055 057 059 060 061
(SL-24) Pecten
SL-14 N U G A A L
Ansan Wikfs Las Anod B A
S I
SL-19 Garowe N
Ansan Wikfs
E T H I O P I A 063
NUGAAL
064 Eyl 065 066 067 068
062
NORTH MUDUG Jariban

CNOOC exploration
070 rights area 071 072 073 074 075 076
M-4
Galkayo Pecten
069
MUDUG
Gal m udug
She 078 079 080 081 082 083 084
be Dhusa
l le
077 Mareb Hobyo
S O M A L I A
G
089 090 091 092 093 094 095

en
088 Harardhere
ale
096
Beledweyne GALGUD UUD
087 BAKO OL
Da M-3
w 085 086 Hudur HIRAN Pecten
a
098 099 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107
Luuq AMSAS-CORIOLE-
097
AFGOYE (ACA)
Amsas Consulting
Baidoa MIDDLE
Garbahaareey SHEBELLE
108 109 110 111 12 112 113 M-6 114 115 116 117
GEDO Southw est Amoco Jowhar Pecten
n d
Bardera Som alia BANAADIR

09
BAY
Amoco I N D I A N
118 119 120 121 122 MOGADISHU 125 126
127
Merca O C E A N
K E N Y A
J u b a l a
Jub
LOWER
SHEBELLE M-7
a
MIDDLE JUBA Pecten

Buaale 06
Amoco 123 124
128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135
136
Afmadow elle
b
e
Sh
LOWER
JUBA
137 138 139 140 141 142 143
144
Kismayo
Baajun Is.
145 146 147 148 149 150
Somalia quads (001-157, with each
quad divided into 12 blocks)
Areas under application by
151 152 153 154 155 Soma Oil & Gas
Disputed maritime area Somalia licensed areas (operators

awaiting ICJ arbitration as indicated, under force majeur)
Somaliland (SL-) licensed blocks
156 157 (operators as indicated)
0 Kilometres 300
© African Energy 2018 0 Miles 150


Angola
20
Namibia, South Africa

00
00 REP. OF CONGO
1
30
m 0m
00
CABINDA N
m
Eni
ng o
see exploration upturn

Cabinda
(Ang.) Co
D E M. R E P.
Malongo OF CONGO
Namibia has seen a new wave of exploration interest Cabinda
as companies take advantage of lower costs to re- Nqui
Mbanza
CON5 CON3
CON4 CON2
examine the country’s potential, while South Africa is ULTRA
DEEP
46 ALNG Soyo Congo
WATER
seeing renewed activity despite continued regulatory 47
see page 84 CON7
uncertainty. LOW E R
CON8
CON9
48 C ON GO
O
CON10
il majors Total, ExxonMobil and Shell have all taken B ASI N Nzeto
positions in Namibia’s offshore in recent months as 1 CACUACO
2 MULENVOS S
4/05 3 BENTO
companies look again at the country’s potential. While Sonangol 4 BENFICA
Ambriz 5 QUENGUELA N
development of the Kudu gas field remains elusive, the prospect 5/06
6 TOBIAS
7 GALINDA
of finding oil further north in the Walvis Basin has sparked new 50 33 34 18/15 Sonangol
Sonangol 6/15 Sonangol
CEGONHA
interest from explorers. Brazil’s HRT recovered light oil from 19/11
BP Caxito
the Wingat well on Block 2212A in 2013, proving a working 6 KON1
O F F S H O
KON2 KON3
ULTRA 35/11 1
petroleum system, and new wells aim to unlock this potential. DEEP Eni LUANDA3 2
KON5 KON6 KON7
WATER 4
The block is now operated by Galp as PEL 82, with 36/11
5 Kw
an
KON4
20/11 ORCA KON8 KON10
ExxonMobil as a partner. KON9
za
7 KWANZA Dondo
LONTRA
6 7 KON
Drilling by Tullow Oil and Chariot Oil & Gas in H2 2018 will Open block
20/15 Sonangol KON11
12
KON13 KON14
37/11 KON15 KON16 KON17 KON18
be followed in 2019 by wells for Eco Atlantic in the Walvis Basin MAVINGA
R E
Exploration licence CAMEIA 8
BASIN
and for Total further south in the Orange Basin, where its block Oil field OMOSI
BICUAR
KON19 KON20
is adjacent to the South African border. 38/11 21/09 KON21 KON22

K W A
22/11
Repsol Porto Amboim
Oil refinery KON23
The Kudu gas field in the Orange Basin was discovered by 9/09
Gabela
Chevron in 1974 but successive efforts to develop it have so far Oil tanker terminal
39/11 DENDEN Sumbe
N Z
LNG liquefaction plant AZUL
failed to bear fruit. The latest plans by upstream operator BW and export terminal 23
Offshore to develop the field to supply a scaled-down 440MW Sonangol
A 24/11 10
IN
0 Kilometres 200 40/11
power plant have run into difficulty over the issue of Total
BAS
B A
0 Miles 100 KATAMBI
government guarantees for the project and a final investment SEMBA FUTURE
S I
decision remains elusive. 41 25/11 SONAREF?

Total Lobito
Benguela
N
LA
South African prospects 26
E
U
G
ATLANTIC 11 N
In South Africa, Total plans to re-enter the Brulpadda-1AX 42 BE
OCEAN
(bullfrog) well on Block 11B/12B, which was suspended in
September 2014 after the rig encountered technical difficulties
27
ANGOLA
in the strong currents and challenging deep-water environment
off the southern coast. Total says it has now developed a special 43
riser tension system for the well in order to resist the strong
28
Agulhas current that flows down the east coast of Africa.
IN
BAS
Cape Town-based Africa Energy Corporation (AEC) plans to FUTURE?

Lubango
drill the Gazania-1 well in Q3 2019 on its Orange Basin Block Namibe
44 29
12
E
2B. The well will be drilled updip from the 1988 Soekor
MIB
discovery on the block that the AEC team were also involved
NA
3000m
in. Tmbwa
30
0m
Companies including ExxonMobil, Eni, Statoil and Anadarko 45

100
m
00
Petroleum took up significant acreage positions offshore South 13

20
Africa following Mozambique’s gas discoveries, but there has

e
been little exploration activity amid uncertainty about the likely nen
Cu
© African
impact of proposed amendments to the Mineral and Petroleum © Energy 2018
NAMIBIA
Resources Development Act. With the change of government
following the appointment of President Cyril Ramaphosa,
2017 Oil
companies are now more optimistic that the regulatory situation Production 1.7m b/d
can be clarified, and any drilling success would bring a new % of African total 20.7
focus on the region’s potential. Proved reserves 9.5bn bbls

Angola
ONSHORE
Open block 20
0
REP. OF CABINDA N
40
10
CONGO DINGE Eni
0m
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future?
TAKULA Numbi NE
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0 Kilometres 60 MALANGE
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ANGOLA-DRC JOINT DEVELOPMENT CORRIDOR
46 31 15/06 Xikomba CABACA N 1/14 2/05
BP Eni NZANZA WEST HUB
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TERRA FPSO PSVM FPSO 1 JAQUINZI 12 MAVANGA 3 4 5
2 ENGUIA N 13 CONGRO S SALMAO N 2 6 QUINGUILA
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FPSO KIZOMBA B 3 VELEIRO 14 ETELE
KIZOMBA A HUNGO 10 7 7
15 KISSANJE SAXI 4 RAIA N 15 ETELE TAMPA
PLUTAO RECO RECO 5 Cuntala 16 Bagre 11 9 8
MARIMBA N Esso Angola 6 Chopa 17 Savelha 12 22 FS/FST
PORTIA MARIMBA S (ExxonMobil) 7 Raia 18 Estrela 13
21 Somoil
16 18
MAVACOLA 8 SABAO 19 Albacore
47 MÕBULUMBUMBA 9 Espadarte 20 MALEVA
17
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49 LIRIO ANTURIO 4/31-1-3

MOSTARDA CANNA 4-35-1
LOURO CRAVO ORQUIDEA

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33 JASMIM ZINIA
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DALIA 1 Total
PLATINA 18 BP CROMIO
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34 GREATER GREATER
30
0m 18 BP PLUTONIO PLUTONIO
0
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50
400
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© African Energy 2018 FPSO: floating production, Abandoned fields or where production has 18 BP
00
(www.africa-energy.com) storage and offloading ceased are shown in upper and lower case
0m

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3819 3820 FSRU: floating storage and regasification unit © African Energy 2018 0 Miles 30
0 Miles 150 NMPP: New Multi-Product Pipeline (www.africa-energy.com)
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© African Energy 2018 LNG regasification plant
(www.africa-energy.com) and import terminal 0 Miles 200


Newsletter
A respected source of independent analysis since 1998
Independent analysis
Issue 374 • 26 July 2018
www.africa-energy.com With correspondents in more than 40 African countries, African Energy
Zambia cost-of-service study faces Newsletter provides timely, independent news and analysis of
obstruction and delay
Failure to keep up with payments and a lack of support from national utility Zesco and government officials have
derailed a critical study into the cost of service for electricity but the authorities are determined to press ahead
with tariff increases and the issue is likely to feature prominently in discussions with the IMF, writes Dan Marks
emerging energy trends and the political and governance issues that
concern established operators, new entrants and the finance sector.
esco and senior officials are determined to press ahead The UK’s Economic Consulting Associates (ECA) began work
Z with tariff increases despite the stalling of a cost-of-service

study that was intended to form the basis of a new multi-
year tariff determination. Negotiations have been under way
in May 2017 on an African Development Bank-funded cost-of-
service study to determine the structure and level of tariffs, as
well as produce long-term, least-cost plans, estimate medium-
since last year with large consumers, mostly mines, which are still and long-term demand, and review the structure of the power
in the process of agreeing an interim tariff. sector. The study was lauded as recently as 21 June by energy
permanent secretary Emelda Chola as evidence that the country
However, failure to complete the study could have implications was making progress towards financial sustainability at Zesco.
Established in 1998, African Energy is edited by specialists with over

for negotiations with the miners, who have used Zesco’s
governance and performance to resist tariff increases in the past. The study was also intended to have a political impact as a key
The issue is likely to feature prominently in discussions with document for persuading the country’s mines to accept escalating
lenders such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and tariffs. Director for economic regulation at Zambia’s Energy
World Bank Group. Regulation Board Alfred Mwila told African Energy last year that
three decades of experience reporting on the continent’s energy

mining interest groups had been included on the supervisory
The government has been trying to re-engage with the IMF steering committee to ensure buy-in to the process.
amid growing concerns about high levels of debt, and a tariff
increase will almost certainly be included in any arrangement. A However, the process has been beset by problems. ECA
confirmed to African Energy that it had “declined to extend the
mission is visiting Zambia on 24-27 July to collect data and
sectors. They are supported by a network of correspondents and

discuss plans to reduce debt (AE 373/1). CONTINUED ON PAGE 3
Libya struggles Sudan tensions Maghreb utilities bury differences
contacts built up over many years.

Conflict and a worsening Cooperation between Sudan Bilateral relations may be at a low temperature peaks. Steg head
point, but Algeria and Morocco Moncef Harrabi said Sonelgaz and
financial situation have taken and South Sudan to facilitate a
are working together to use the ONEE would supply an extra
Libya into uncharted territory resumption of crude production 200MW-300MW this summer.
North African grid to supply
in which it may be impossible from Unity State and bring an Tunisia with power during record Tunisian demand is around a
to state accurately the level of end to the south’s long-running summer heat, it was announced record 4GW.
the country’s financial reserves war could be jeopardised by after a 13 July Comité Maghrébin North Africa is sweltering in the
– which are likely to be ongoing differences over oil de l’Electricité (Comelec) meeting summer heatwave that is also
dangerously low. The in Tunis. affecting Europe. The Algerian
debts. In lifting contracts agreed
competition between rival Société Nationale Algérienne desert city of Ouargla reached
in early July for crude shipments
groups of militias for access to d’Electricité et du Gaz (Sonelgaz) 51.3ºC in early July – the highest
in August, there is no cargo for ever reliable recorded temperature
or control over ever more
Sector focus
and Office National de
scarce resources is driving Sudan Petroleum Corporation, l’Electricité et de l’Eau Potable on the continent.
desperate gambits such as the fulfilling energy minister (ONEE) are to make up shortfalls Comelec was created in 1974, 15
recent failed attempt to hand Ezekiel Lol Gatkuoth’s promise in Société Tunisienne de years before the moribund Arab
to end crude shipments to l’Electricité et du Gaz (Steg) Maghreb Union (UMA). But
control of the eastern oil
Sudan that were being used to output, and the Comelec utilities unlike the UMA it has continued
terminals to the Benghazi- – which also include Libya and to function despite regional
based breakaway National Oil pay off arrears in transit and Mauritania – are exploring ways political differences. It could yet
Power, Renewables, Gas, Upstream, Downstream, Finance,

Corporation management. compensation fees. of working more closely together provide a model for other regional
to cope with ever greater summer cooperation.
—SEE PAGE 3 —SEE PAGE 11
ISSN 1463-1849 Cross-border Information

Governance, Politics and Security
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Downstream
New gas schemes raise hopes for inter-

African trade
Several countries are considering LNG import schemes, while new floating LNG technology is a potential
gamechanger for gas fields large and small. Infrastructure remains a challenge, but inter-African gas trade
could finally take off
A
growing number of countries are looking at importing launching a front-end engineering design study to involve
liquefied natural gas (LNG) to fuel an expansion of their countries that will be crossed by the pipeline. They will also
power generation capacity. Coupled with recent gas determine the amount of gas available for export to European
discoveries and the potential for floating LNG schemes to offtakers.
commercialise previously stranded fields, this raises the prospect
Developers are showing strong interest in projects related to the
of increased inter-African trade. Equatorial Guinea has
domestic supply obligation element of offshore gas
ambitious plans to process regional gas at its EGLNG plant and
developments like Tortue, on the border between Mauritania
export LNG to energy-hungry West African states. Malabo’s
and Senegal, and Mozambique’s Ruvuma Basin. With LNG
proposed Gas Megahub will consist of interlinked production,
exports likely to start up well before domestic supply,
aggregation and processing facilities offshore and onshore,
expectation management may pose a challenge. Mozambique
supplying gas to the Punta Europa gas complex, which includes
has already awarded gas allocations to three projects under a
the Malabo power station, Atlantic Methanol Production
tender for domestic use of gas, even before a final investment
Company plant and Marathon-operated Equatorial Guinea
decision is made on the LNG plants, though timelines and gas
LNG plant. The agreement, combined with new subsea
pipelines linking Marathon’s Alba field and Noble’s Aseng and sources have yet to be clarified. Shell Mozambique was awarded
Alen fields, will replace some of the gas production that would 310-330mcf/d of gas for a scheme to produce 38,000 b/d of
otherwise be lost as the Alba field declines. Gas from other fields liquid fuels and 50-80MW of power. Norway’s Yara
in Equatorial Guinea can be added in later phases, and the International bid for 80-90mcf/d to produce 1.2-1.3m t/yr of
government signed a preliminary agreement with Cameroon fertiliser and 30-50MW of electricity, while Great Lakes Africa
in July 2017 for the unitisation of Noble Energy’s gas discoveries Energy sought 41.8mcf/d to produce 250MW of power.
on either side of the maritime border. Ghana’s plans to import LNG to its Tema and Takoradi ports to
Cameroon’s own gas monetisation efforts are experiencing supplement unreliable supply from the WAGP have failed to
mixed fortunes. Africa’s first floating LNG export scheme started materialise but supply of associated gas from the Jubilee field is
production offshore Kribi for Perenco in March 2018, but cash- now joined by associated and non-associated gas from the TEN
strapped state utility Eneo has halted its gas offtake contract with development, and gas from Eni’s Sankofa field.
Victoria Oil & Gas. The cancellation is a blow to the company,
Refining prospects
which supplies industrial customers from a 50km pipeline
network in Douala and is looking to develop compressed In North Africa, Egyptian Refining Company’s $4.3bn
natural gas (CNG) as it seeks to broaden its customer and Mostorod refinery expansion went into pre-production in June
product base. It has signed a preliminary agreement with 2018, a decade after its main financial backer Cairo-based Qalaa
Turkey’s Naturelgaz Sanayi ve Ticaret, Europe’s largest CNG Holdings brought the project to financial close. The refinery
supplier and distributor. will bring European standard diesel and gasoline to the huge
Egyptian market, displacing imports. This privately-funded
South Africa’s plans to import gas for its Gas Independent Power
venture with a strong commercial rationale is a notable
Producer Procurement Programme remain on the drawing
exception to the rule that if it is expensive for North African
board amid wider uncertainty on the future direction of the
countries to import refined products, it is even more expensive
country’s energy sector.
to produce them domestically.
Pipe dreams Having ceased production in August 2015 and subsequently gone
The Trans-Saharan Gas Pipeline remains a priority project of into liquidation, the Société Anonyme Marocaine de l’Industrie
the African Union’s Programme for Infrastructure Development de Raffinage (Samir) refinery complex at Mohammedia remains
in Africa but poses exceptional security and logistics challenges. shut down with no sign of a new owner. One of the most logical
Momentum is growing behind a Nigeria-Morocco pipeline solutions would be an arrangement under which the 200,000
that would extend the existing West African Gas Pipeline b/d Moroccan plant processed Algerian crude. But with Rabat
(WAGP) along an onshore-offshore route via Senegal. determined to end its dependence on Algerian gas by 2021 and
Construction of the 5,660km scheme is expected to be no sign of thaw in the glacial relations between the neighbours,
completed in phases over 25 years. Morocco and Nigeria are this remains a fanciful proposition.

Gas development and commerce
Section
Sonatrach has instead agreed to buy the Augusta refinery in gathering infrastructure and a subsidy regime that makes most
Sicily from ExxonMobil subsidiary Esso Italiana. It is also investment uneconomic.The country’s refineries produce at far
pushing ahead with its own state-backed refinery projects and below nameplate capacity but there are high hopes for business
received seven technical offers in March 2018 for the tycoon Aliko Dangote’s 650,000 b/d refinery in the Lekki Free
construction of a new plant at Hassi Messaoud which it hopes Trade Zone near Lagos which is due to start operations in 2020.
will start production in 2022. It intends to build additional The Dangote refinery aims to meet all Nigeria’s refined
capacity at Tiaret and Biskra after this. China Petroleum petroleum products needs, as well as exporting to neighbouring
Engineering and Construction Corporation has been countries.
rehabilitating the Algiers refinery, and Sonatrach is also
advancing plans to process more gas domestically. In May 2018, In Angola, despite the state’s cash crisis, President João Lourenço
Total agreed to launch engineering studies for a new is keen to revive plans for the 200,000 b/d Lobito refinery and
petrochemical project at the Arzew complex outside Oran in to build a refinery in Cabinda as he pushes through reform of
western Algeria. state oil company Sonangol. The Lobito refinery project was
originally launched in 2012 but work was suspended in 2016.
Some of these projects – particularly the refineries – have been
proposed for years. With Sonatrach under new more dynamic The government also signed an agreement in late 2017 with
management, they may now go ahead.The government has also Eni to optimise the Luanda refinery over 24 months to enable
stated its intention of removing subsidies on fuel by 2020. The it to operate beyond its nominal capacity of 65,000 b/d.
retail price is approximately one third of Morocco’s and half of Uganda has lined up a new development consortium for its
Tunisia’s. However, it has yet to impose any price increase on planned 60,000 b/d refinery consisting of Italian-based GE
consumers. subsidiary Nuovo Pignone International, Eni subsidiary Saipem
Similar pressures are building on the Libyan government which and two Mauritius-based companies, LionWorks Capital and
is rapidly bankrupting itself by importing diesel and petroleum Yaatra Africa. Uganda National Oil Company (UNOC) will
at international prices only to sell it for a negligible sum. This have a 40% stake in the estimated $4bn project through its
has given rise to a massive fuel smuggling business across the wholly owned subsidiary Uganda Refinery Holding Company
wider region. The dispute between National Oil Corporation Ltd. UNOC will also manage the promotion of the Kabaale
and the UAE’s Star Consortium over the Ras Lanuf joint Industrial Park, which is due to host the refinery, a crude oil
venture means the 220,000 b/d refinery there has not operated export hub and Uganda’s second international airport. UNOC
since 2012. Its physical structure has reportedly deteriorated is expected to reduce its equity, and thus its funding
over this period to the point where resuming operations will commitment, if Kenya,Tanzania and Total take up mooted stakes
require substantial extra investment. of 2.5%, 8% and 10% respectively. The government has been
South of the Sahara, Nigeria’s downstream industry remains targeting a 2020 start-up for the refinery but this is looking
hampered by policy uncertainty as well as a lack of gas- increasingly unlikely.
WORLD OIL PRODUCTION BY REGION WORLD NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION BY REGION

Projections: IEA New Policies Scenario. Million barrels/day Projections: IEA New Policies Scenario. Billion cubic metres
100 5,500
Asia Pacific
90 5,000
Eurasia Asia Pacific
Europe 4,500
80
Central &
South America 4,000
70 Eurasia
3,500
60 Europe
North America
3,000 Central &
50
South America
2,500
40 North America
2,000
30
Middle East 1,500
20 1,000
Middle East
10 500
Africa Africa
0 0
2000 2015 2025 2030 2035 2040 2000 2015 2025 2030 2035 2040
Source: IEA, World Energy Outlook 2017 © African Energy 2018 (www.africa-energy.com) Source: IEA, World Energy Outlook 2017 © African Energy 2018 (www.africa-energy.com)

Oil refineries, CTL and GTL plants
ALGERIA All refineries are government owned; operated by Sonatrach subsidiary Naftec TUNISIA
except Adrar. 1 ¥ BIZERTE ¥ Socit Tunisienne des Industries de
1 ¥ ARZEW ¥ [1972], 90,000 b/d. Raffinage (Stir) [1962], 34,000 b/d; expansion by 25% planned.
2 ¥ TIARET ¥ 100,000 b/d refinery at design stage. 2 ¥ LA SKHIRA ¥ Proposed 100,000 b/d refinery; change of
3 ¥ ALGIERS ¥ El Harrach [1964], 58,000 b/d; expansion to 72,000 b/d under way.
location to Bizerte under consideration, plans currently on hold.
4 ¥¥ SKIKDA ¥ [1980], 360,000 b/d. ¥ Condensate refinery, 100,000 b/d.

5 ¥ BISKRA ¥ Planned 100,000 b/d refinery, currently on hold.
6 ¥¥ HASSI MESSAOUD ¥ HM I [1962] & HM II [1979], total combined capacity 27,000 b/d. 3 4 4 1
¥ Second refinery planned, 100,000 b/d. 1
7 ¥ SBAA ¥ Adrar [2006], 13,000 b/d; operated by CNPC in 25 year concession. 2 2 5 2
1
8 ¥ IN AMNAS ¥ [1980] 6,000 b/d; closed in 1986.
1
MOROCCO 6 6
1 ¥
MOHAMMDIA ¥ Socit Anonyme Marocaine de lÕIndustrie de Raffinage (Samir) Ð owned by
Swedish-based Corral Petroleum [1959], 218,000 b/d, reduced to 178,000 b/d following closure of 7
two old units; closed in 2015. Offered for sale. 8
2 ¥
SIDI KACEM ¥ Socit Chrifienne des Ptroles (SCP) [1940], 25,600 b/d; now closed,
owned by Samir and used for storage.
MAURITANIA
1 ¥
NOUADHIBOU ¥ Socit Mauritanienne des Industries de Raffinage (Somir)
[1982], 20,000 b/d; now closed. In operation Future Closed
SENEGAL [ ] Date of opening
1 ¥ MÕBAO, DAKAR ¥ Socit Africaine de Raffinage (SAR) [1963], 25,000 b/d; plans to
increase capacity to 45,000 b/d
Processing capacity shown in barrels per day
2 ¥ BARGNY ¥ Proposed 100,000 b/d refinery.

1 2
NIGER
¥20,000
ZINDER ¥ Socit de Raffinage de Zinder (Soraz) Ð China-Niger joint venture [2011],
b/d; managed by Socit Nigerienne des Produits Ptroliers (Sonidep).
6
CHAD
¥ DJERMAYA, NÕDJAMENA ¥ China-Chad joint venture [2011], 20,000 b/d.
SIERRA LEONE
¥closed
1 2 1 2 3
FREETOWN ¥ Sierra Leone Petroleum Refining Company (SLRC) [1970], 10,000 b/d;
2 1 2 4 5
in 1990 and now used for storage.
LIBERIA
1 ¥ MONROVIA ¥ Liberia Petroleum Refining Company (LPRC), 15,000 b/d; mothballed in 1984,
now operates as a storage depot.
2 ¥ BUCHANAN ¥ 100,000 b/d refinery approved; Ecowas Refinery Liberia Ltd. (ERLL) Ð Liberian
Investment Commission (LIC) joint venture.
CïTE DÕIVOIRE
¥¥ VRIDI, ABIDJAN ¥ Socit Ivoirienne de Raffinage (SIR) [1965], 84,000 b/d; expansion planned
to more than double the capacity ¥ Socit Multinationale de Bitumes (SMB) [1978], 10,000 b/d.
1 1
GHANA
1 ¥ ATUABO (or TAKORADI) ¥ Planned 150,000 b/d refinery. 2
2 ¥¥ TEMA ¥ Tema Oil Refinery Company (TOR) [1963], 45,000 b/d ¥ Future 100,000-160,000 b/d EQUATORIAL GUINEA
refinery proposed to replace TOR refinery.
¥ MBINI ¥ Proposed 20,000 b/d refinery. 3
TOGO GABON
¥ LOM ¥ Socit Togolaise de Stockage (STSL) [1978]; refinery closed in 1981. ¥Raffinage
PORT-GENTIL ¥ Socit Gabonaise de 4
(Sogara) [1967], 24,000 b/d.
NIGERIA
1 ¥ LEKKI FREE TRADE ZONE ¥ Refinery under construction as part of petrochemicals and fertiliser complex REPUBLIC OF CONGO (Brazzaville)
developed by Dangote Industries [2020], 650,000 b/d.
2 ¥ ESCRAVOS ¥ EGTL: gas-to-liquids plant Ð joint venture between Chevron Nigeria Ltd. (CNL) and NNPC
¥ POINTE-NOIRE ¥ Congolaise de Raffinage
(Coraf) [1976], 21,000 b/d.
[2014], 34,000 b/d.
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO
3 ¥ WARRI ¥ Warri Refinery & Petrochemical Company (WRPC) Ð owned by NNPC [1978], 125,000 b/d.
4 ¥ BAYELSA STATE ¥ 60,000 b/d refinery to be built by Rehoboth Natural Resources Development [2019].
¥Raffinage
KINLAO, MUANDA ¥ Socit Congo-Italienne de
(Socir) [1963], 15,000 b/d; not operating since 2000.
5 ¥ PORT HARCOURT ¥ Port Harcourt Refining Company (PHRC) Ð owned by NNPC, two refineries:
PH I [1965, rebuilt 1989], 60,000 b/d; & PH II [1988], 150,000 b/d; now integrated.
ANGOLA
6 ¥ KADUNA ¥ Kaduna Refinery & Petrochemical Company (KRPC) Ð owned by NNPC [1980], 110,000 b/d.
1 ¥¥ CABINDA ¥ Cabinda Gulf Oil Company (Cabgoc), a
subsidiary of Chevron, 12,500 b/d ¥ Second refinery planned.
CAMEROON 2 ¥ LUANDA ¥ Previously operated by Total, now by Sonangol
¥eventually
LIMB ¥ Socit Nationale de Raffinage (Sonara) [1977], capacity recently expanded to 70,000 b/d,
80,000 b/d.
[1958], 65,000 b/d; expanding to 102,500 b/d.
3 ¥ LOBITO ¥ Construction of 200,000 b/d Sonaref refinery began
in 2012, but suspended since 2016 Ð owner and developer is state-
owned Sociedade Nacional de Combustiveis de Angola (Sonangol).
4¥ NAMIBE ¥ 400,000 b/d Namref refinery planned Ð RussiaÕs
Rail Standard Service and Fortland Consulting Company.


Section
LIBYA All refineries government owned (NOC).

1 ¥ AZ-ZAWIYA ¥ Azzawiya Oil Refining Company (ARC)
[1974], 120,000 b/d; output frequently disrupted.
EGYPT All refineries government owned (EGPC) & operated through subsidiaries except ERC at Mostorod.
3 ¥ RAS LANUF ¥ Libyan Emirati Oil Refining Company
(Lerco) [1984], 220,000 b/d; currently closed. 1 ¥¥¥ ALEXANDRIA ¥ El Mex Refinery Ð Alexandria Petroleum Company (APC) [1957], 115,000 b/d ¥ Alexandria
4 ¥ MARSA AL-BREGA ¥ Sirte Oil Company [1970], 10,000 b/d.
Mineral Oils Company (AMOC) [2002], 34,700 b/d ¥ Alexandria National Refining and Petrochemical Company (ANRPC)
[2013] 18,500 b/d; expansion to 23,000 b/d.
5 ¥ TOBRUK ¥ Arabian Gulf Oil Company (Agoco) [1985],
20,000 b/d.
2 ¥¥ AMERIYA FREE ZONE ¥ Middle East Oil Refinery (Midor) [2001], 115,000 b/d; modernisation and expansion to
160,000 b/d by 2020 ¥ Ameriya Petroleum Refining Company (APRC) [1972], 78,000 b/d.
6 ¥ SARIR ¥ Agoco [1986], 10,000 b/d.
3 ¥ TANTA ¥ Cairo Oil Refining Company (CORC) [1969], 35,000 b/d.
4 ¥¥ MOSTOROD PETROLEUM COMPLEX (MPL), CAIRO ¥ Cairo Oil Refining Company (CORC) [1973], 145,000 b/d
¥ Egyptian Refining Company (ERC), a subsidiary of private equity company Citadel Capital [2018], 100,000 b/d.
5 5 ¥¥ SUEZ ¥ El Nasr Petroleum Company (NPC) [1913], 146,000 b/d ¥ Suez Oil Processing Company (SOPC)
1 1 1 3 [1921], 68,000 b/d.
3 4 2 2 4 5 6 ¥ WADI FEIRAN ¥ El Nasr Petroleum Company (NPC), 9,000 b/d.
7 ¥ ASYUT ¥ Assiut Oil Refining Company (ASORC) [1987], 60,000 b/d.
4 5 6
6
7 SUDAN
1 ¥¥ PORT SUDAN ¥ Port Sudan Petroleum Refinery Ð government owned [1964], 21,700 b/d; now closed ¥ New
100,000 b/d refinery and petrochemical complex planned 8km south of Port Sudan.
2 ¥¥ KHARTOUM ¥ Concorp Refinery at Al-Shajara [1999], 10,000 b/d; not currently operating ¥ Sudan Khartoum
Refinery Company (KRC) Ð China-Sudan joint venture, at El Gily [2000], 100,000 b/d; expansion to 200,000 b/d planned.
3 ¥ EL OBEID ¥ [1996], 10,000 b/d Ð Sudapet.
1 1 4 ¥ ABU GABRA ¥ [1992], 2,000 b/d, closed in 2006.
SOUTH SUDAN
1 ¥ THANGRIAL ¥ 10,000 b/d construction suspended due to conflict Ð Ventech Engineers International.
2 2 2 ¥ BENTIU ¥ Safinat Caspian Oil Refining Company, 3,000 b/d; conflict has prevented its startup.
3
ERITREA
¥ ASSAB ¥ Soviet-built refinery [1967], 17,500 b/d; closed in 1997.
4 1 DJIBOUTI
2 ¥ DORALE, DJIBOUTI VILLE ¥ 100,000 b/d refinery planned.
UGANDA
¥ KABAALE ¥ 60,000 b/d refinery planned for Lake Albert oil to be built and operated by Albertine Graben
Refinery Consortium (AGRC), led by General Electric and Lionworks Group; 30,000 b/d in first phase.
SOMALIA
¥ JASIIRA ¥ Iraqsoma Refinery Corporation Ð Somali government owned, 10,000 b/d; closed in 1990.
KENYA
1
1 ¥ LAMU ¥ Refinery proposed as part of the Lamu Port -South Sudan -Ethiopia Transport (LAPSSET)
Corridor infrastructure project.
2 2 ¥ CHANGAMWE, MOMBASA ¥ Kenya Petroleum Refineries Ltd. (KPRL) [I: 1963 & II: 1974], 60,000
b/d; closed in 2013. Now a storage facility, currently leased to Kenya Pipeline Company (KPC) for receiving
Lokichar oil by tanker.
1
TANZANIA
2
1 ¥ BAGAMOYO ¥ Heavy oil refinery Ð Kamal Group.
2 ¥DAR ES SALAAM ¥ Tanzanian and Italian Petroleum Refining Company (Tiper) [1969], 17,000 b/d;
closed in 2000, now used as a storage facility by Oryx Energies.
1
ZAMBIA
¥ NDOLA ¥ Government-owned Indeni Petroleum Refinery Company (IPRC) [1973],
24,000 b/d; seeking new investment for expansion.
MOZAMBIQUE
1 ¥ PALMA ¥ Shell has agreed to build a 38,000 b/d gas-to-liquids (GTL) plant.
2 ¥ MATOLA ¥ Refinery presently inactive.
MADAGASCAR
¥ TOAMASINA ¥ Solitany Malagasy (Solima) refinery, 15,000 b/d; closed in 2004.
ZIMBABWE
1 2 2
¥ MUTARE ¥ Feruka [1965], 10,000 b/d; mothballed after less than a year.
SOUTH AFRICA
1 ¥ COALBROOK, SASOLBURG ¥ National Petroleum Refiners of South Africa (Natref) Ð Sasol-Total joint venture [1971], 105,000 b/d.
3 3
3 3
2 ¥ SECUNDA ¥ Coal-to-liquids (CTL) plant; Sasol owns and operates Sasol 2 [1980] and Sasol 3 [1984], total 150,000 b/d; conversion to GTL
by 2024. CTL pilot Sasol 1 was built at Sasolburg in 1955.
3 ¥¥¥¥ DURBAN ¥ Enref Ð Engen Petroleum, owned by Petronas [1954], 150,000 b/d ¥ Sapref Ð BP-Shell joint venture at Prospecton
[1963], 180,000 b/d ¥ Safor lube oil refinery ¥ Samco lube oil refinery.
6 5 4 4 ¥ COEGA INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ZONE, PORT ELIZABETH ¥ Project Mthombo refinery planned Ð PetroSA-Sinopec joint
venture, 300,000 b/d.
5 ¥ MOSSEL BAY ¥ WorldÕs first gas-to-liquids (GTL) refinery Ð PetroSA [1992], 45,000 b/d crude equivalent; supplied with gas from offshore
Bredasdorp Basin. Formerly known as Mossref and Mossgas.
6 ¥ CAPE TOWN ¥ Chevref (formerly Calref) Ð Chevron [1966], 110,000 b/d.
BOTSWANA
¥ FRANCISTOWN ¥ Project Tsosoloso includes a 20,000 b/d coal-to-liquids (CTL) plant, eventually 50,000 b/d Ð Coal Petroleum (Pty) Ltd.

Gas development and commerce
PIOMBINO, ITALY MAZARO DEL GELA,

via Sardinia VALLO, SICILY SICILY NORTH AFRICA: GAS BOOM
ARZEW LNG The start-up of EgyptÕs Zohr field has sparked an exploration boom
SPAIN (GL1-Z,
¥ ALMERêA, GL2-Z) in the eastern Mediterranean. Egypt is halting gas imports and
PORTUGAL SPAIN SKIKDA GALSI
LNG hopes to reopen its mothballed LNG plants to process new regional
(GL1-K, ENRICO MATTEI / production, but the prospect of a gas hub centred on Egypt and
GASSI
GL2-K) TRANSMED involving Cyprus, Israel and possibly even Lebanon is stirring
MEDGAZ TOUIL LNG tensions with Turkey.
PEDRO DURAN FARRELL / (GL3-Z) Koudiet GREENSTREAM
Skikda Draouche El Haouaria
GAZODUC MAGHREB EUROPE (GME)
Arzew GULF OF Closed ASHKELON, ISRAEL
Beni Saf ALGIERS TUNIS GABéS
Tahaddart
TUNISIA 2011,
upgrade NILE ZOHR EMG
RABAT required DELTA
Jorf Lasfar Ghannouch Mellitah GULF OF
ELNG SEGAS
HASSI RÕMEL BERKINE SIRTE Benghazi JORDAN ¥ SYRIA ¥ TURKEY
M O RO CCO TRIPOLI Damietta
BASIN Idku
El Arish ARAB GAS
Marsa Al-Brega CAIRO Taba PIPELINE (AGP)
GASSI GHADAMES
TOUIL BASIN Ain
SAHARA WESTERN Sokhna FSRU
FIELDS SIRTE DESERT
ALGERIA ILLIZI L I B YA Zeit Bay
BASIN
BASIN EGYP T
Western UPPER EGYPT
Sahara GAS PIPELINE
(under UN
mandate) TRANS-SAHARA: NEW PLANS Aswan
TRANS-SAHARAN The mooted TSGP may be replaced by a new
GAS PIPELINE scheme promoted by Nigeria and Morocco to
(TGSP) / NIGAL extend the West African Gas Pipeline through
MAU R ITAN IA north-west Africa, avoiding some of the security
BANDA
GREATER NOUAKCHOTT concerns of the trans-Saharan route, but either
CAPE TORTUE scheme faces substantial challenges. SUDAN
VERDE FLNG
MALI NIGER CHAD KHARTOUM
ASMARA
ERITREA
PRAIA DAKAR SENEGAL NIAMEY
BURKINA
BAMAKO FASO
BANJUL THE GAMBIA NÕDJAMENA DJIBOUTI
BISSAU OUAGADOUGOU DJIBOUTI
GUINEA-BISSAU GUINEA VILLE
GHANA BENIN
NIGERIA
CONAKRY ABUJA ADDIS
SIERRA CïTE TOGO ABABA
FREETOWN LEONE DÕIVOIRE
CENTRAL
ETHIOPIA
Cotonou SOUTH SUDAN CALUB,
A
MONROVIA Tema AFRICAN REPUBLIC HILALA
LI
LIBERIA Abidjan Aboadze Escravos
BANGUI JUBA
A
NIGERIA-MOROCCO PIPELINE / YAOUND
M
ATLANTIC GAS PIPELINE MALABO
O
Q CAMEROON S
VIL NGO
E
.G UGANDA
SÌO TOM
UI
NE MOGADISHU
KAMPALA KEN YA
LE)
& PRêNCIPE A
AZ C O
WEST AFRICA: GAS TRANSFORMATION SÌO TOM LIBREVILLE

D E M O C R AT I C
ZA
NAIROBI
(BR . OF
The prospect of floating LNG is transforming the GABON RWANDA

LEOPARD REPUBLIC KIGALI
P
prospects for previously stranded gas fields offshore

RE
West Africa following the startup of the Cameroon FLNG MÕBOUNDI BRAZZAVILLE OF BURUNDI BUJUMBURA
FLNG scheme in March 2018. Equatorial GuineaÕs LITCHENDJILI Mombasa
ambitious new gas plans could unlock development OFFSHORE CABINDA KINSHASA
CONGO TA N ZA N IA
DODOMA MAMBAKOFI
of a number of fields in Cameroonian waters as well LOWER Soyo ALNG FLNG
as around Bioko Island. Mauritania and Senegal have CONGO Dar es Salaam
BASIN CHEWA, PWEZA
high hopes for the Tortue development, though the LUANDA
domestic supply element could prove challenging. LONTRA SONGO SONGO
LikongÕo OFFSHORE RUVUMA /
Ghana is producing offshore gas to pipe ashore for Mtwara ROVUMA BASIN
its power industry, while unreliable WAGP supply Palma COMOROS
ANGOLA MALAWI
could be transformed by new producers putting gas MORONI
into the pipeline. LILONGWE MZLNG Mayotte (Fr.)
ZAMBI A MAMBA FLNG
LUSAKA
CORAL
HARARE MOZAMBIQUE
Major gas fields and recent SPA agreed ANTANANARIVO
ZIMBABWE with BP to buy
significant discoveries
NAMIBIA entire output
PANDE
Major gas pipeline FSRU
TEMANE MADAGASCAR
future? WINDHOEK BOTSWAN A
Walvis Bay
LNG liquefaction plant GABORONE
and export terminal SOUTHERN AFRICA: STRANDED GAS PRETORIA
MAPUTO
future? Development of NamibiaÕs Kudu field remains Secunda
elusive, with a scaled-down project for a power Matola
LNG regasification plant MBABANE SW. EAST AFRICA:
station supplying only the domestic market still Oranjemund
and import terminal proving difficult to finance. Plans to develop South KUDU MASERU Richards Bay ASIAN MARKETS
future? AfricaÕs Ibhubesi field to supply the Ankerlig power Planned development of big gas
LESOTHO Durban
station are similarly stalled, though planned IBHUBESI SOUTH deposits offshore Mozambique and
exploration may revive the Orange BasinÕs fortunes. Tanzania faces significant above-
AFRICA ground challenges, but aims to sell
Saldanha Bay FSRU East London gas into primarily Asian markets from
Cape Town Mossel Bay
Port Elizabeth the mid-2020s as a global supply gap
BREDASDORP emerges.
BENIN Ibadan OK LNG: Ajaokuta 0 Kilometres 200

YAMOUSSOUKRO GHANA TOGO PORTO- Project
on hold NIGERIA 0 Miles 100
CïTE Kumasi NOVO Lagos Benin
City Enugu
DÕIVOIRE LOM
Keta Cotonou Olokola ELPS Onitsha
CI-GNL FTZ
consortium FSRU
Tema
Warri
CA MER O O N
Abidjan
ACCRA FSRU Escravos
Aboadze SONAM Aba
GP EWP Qua
Takoradi WA FSRU
Pt. Harcourt
KUDU, Iboe ORON NEWAGE FLNG
FOXTROT, ELAND FSRU
BONGA Bonny ALBA
PANTHéRE GHANA 1000 ISONGO
TEN
E
GULF OF OGGS
LOGBABA
E SANKOFA
JUBIL GUINEA NLNG OSO
FORTUNA ETINDEYAOUND
BRASS LNG: NNWA / FLNG ALEN
ELPS: Escravos-Lagos Pipeline System Project on DORO
hold EQUAT. SANAGA
NLNG: AKPO KRIBI
EWP: East-West Pipeline Six trains operating, FLNG: floating liquefied natural gas
Punta Europa
OGGS: Offshore Gas Gathering System FID on Train 7 expected FSRU: floating storage and regasification unit
GoFLNG
WAGP: West African Gas Pipeline in 2018, Train 8 planned EG LNG EG LNG 2 © African Energy 2018 (www.africa-energy.com)

Innovative financing
Generation mix
Off-grid investment
AIX
Political risk
Distribution models
LNG imports & exports
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Participants include:
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africa-energy-atlas.

com 2018/2019 edition

African Energy Atlas

Access to Electricity 7.1%

5,126MW* Oil reserves*

wind 126.5bn bbls

* Data for end-2017. See page 2 for sources

2 AFRICAN ENERGY ATLAS • 2018/2019 EDITION

AFRICAN ENERGY ATLAS • 2018/2019 EDITION 3

Charting a continent whose transition

4 AFRICAN ENERGY ATLAS • 2018/2019 EDITION

TUNISIA 5,748 TUNISIA 100

AFRICAN ENERGY ATLAS • 2018/2019 EDITION 5

Installed capacity Increase in Installed Proportion of Proportion of Increase in Proportion of

AFRICA YES YES YES YES YES NO YES

North Africa YES YES YES NO YES NO YES

West Africa YES NO YES YES YES YES NO

Central Africa NO YES YES YES YES YES YES

East Africa YES NO NO YES YES NO NO

Southern Africa YES YES YES YES YES NO NO

l In sub-Saharan Africa, including South Africa, scheduled

6 AFRICAN ENERGY ATLAS • 2018/2019 EDITION

l Power purchase agreements l In sub-Saharan Africa excluding South Africa, independent

AVERAGE CAPACITY OF THE BREAKDOWN OF NEW CAPACITY ADDITIONS BY

West Africa 50 300 1,200 70 134

AFRICAN ENERGY ATLAS • 2018/2019 EDITION 7

40,000 Solar allowed them to compete on price with other technologies is

20,000 in particular have become ubiquitous, although the standard

l In the solar sector, larger projects dominate in terms of

disappointing, with limited progress made attracting investment

SOLAR CAPACITY BY REGION, 2010Ð20 BIOMASS CAPACITY BY REGION, 2010Ð20

8 AFRICAN ENERGY ATLAS • 2018/2019 EDITION

INSTALLED GENERATION CAPACITY BY COUNTRY AND FUEL, end 2017

Data you can trust

AFRICAN ENERGY ATLAS • 2018/2019 EDITION 9

PRAIA BURKINA Zinder Abch Fasher Mekele

CïTE BENIN e Malakal

Douala BANGUI Lokichokio

TRANS-SAHARAN TRADE ROUTES GUINEA Ousso L. Albert UGANDA EAST AFRICAN

Annobn Franceville DEMOCRATIC L. Kivu and Lamu Port-South Sudan-

DAKARÕS NEW AIRPORT (Eq. Guinea) Kindu Victoria Lamu

Ethiopia Transport (LAPSSET)

10 AFRICAN ENERGY ATLAS • 2018/2019 EDITION

CLIMATE ZONES Ave. daily max. temp.

250 Low rainfall but great

J FMAM J J A S OND Africa total:

CAPE TOWN S AFRICA

Elevation: 13m ûC Tropical zone with

Adama, Debre Birhan

Niger Delta Anambra Doba Egbin Baro, Geba

(Akata-Agbada) Kossou Mambilla

AFRICAN ENERGY ATLAS • 2018/2019 EDITION 11

Financiers may be willing but good

12 AFRICAN ENERGY ATLAS • 2018/2019 EDITION

AFRICAN ENERGY ATLAS • 2018/2019 EDITION 13

THE AFRICAN UNION AND REGIONAL ECONOMIC COMMUNITIES RECOGNISED BY THE AU

African Union (AU) Economic Community Arab Maghreb Union

RIVER AND LAKE ORGANISATIONS

Organisation for the Organisation for the

Lake Chad Basin Volta Basin Authority (VBA)

PRAIA BURKINA Zinder Abch Fasher Mekele

TRANS-SAHARAN TRADE ROUTES GUINEA Ousso L. Albert UGANDA EAST AFRICAN

Annobn Franceville DEMOCRATIC L. Kivu and Lamu Port-South Sudan-