Unit 1 Answers
Unit 1 Answers
Unit 1 Answers
2021-22
Italy today- Readings in Economics and Business
Unit One Lord of the Strings: violins in Cremona
SECTION FOUR ANSWERS
1.1 The sentences based on Text A The violins of Cremona
1 The first great violin maker was Andrea Amati, who lived in Cremona in the sixteenth
century.
2 The way Amati developed the violin led to western music being re-routed around violin-
based ensembles.
3 Amati’s tradition was carried on by the next three generations of his family.
4 The Amati family was overshadowed by the brilliance of two geniuses who followed them -
Stradivari and Guarneri.
5 As Cremona went into economic decline in the eighteenth century, so did the violin trade.
6 The violin trade declined, but the instruments made by the great maestri became more
desirable.
7 An even more affluent market for priceless violins was created in the 1900s by a more
affluent Western World and the rising Asian Rim.
8 Violins had the advantage of being movable assets, therefore good investments.
9 Soaring prices meant violins needed to be authenticated before being put on the market.
10 Considerable research into violin history gave excellent results, including the discovery of
Stradivari’s will.
11 With its stringed-instrument collection and guest experts, Vermillion’s National Music
Museum provided an ideal venue for a show-and-tell conference.
12 The guest speakers talked about Cremona’s advantages, firstly wealth, followed by location
and logistics.
13 It was also remembered that the violin-makers found ready clients in the Church,
municipality and privates with disposable income.
14 Singled out for particular merit was Amati, praised in particular for the way he re-used
templates.
15 The final note was, however, that the generation after Stradivari and Bergonzi was only good
– not great.
1.2 The sentences are based on Text B Con brio Cremona’s violin makers lead the world again.
16 The article reflects on violin-making in Cremona to suggest that industries can die but
come to life again.
17 The golden period of violin making in Cremona lasted about 200 years from the mid-
1500s to the mid-1700s.
18 Already in the 19th century violin makers were seen as little more than carpenters.
19 And despite a school opening in 1938, the art of violin making had almost died by the
1950s.
20 Yet twenty years later, an interest in Baroque music coming from Northern Europe
increased the demand for classical Cremona-made violins.
21 By 2008 the school was attracting a far greater number of students, most of them
foreigners/foreign.
22 Then, as now, difficulties for craftsmen include the cost of the wood and treating it.
23 Such a level of craftsmanship is time-consuming: violin-makers can produce only about
seven instruments a year.
24 Cremonese craftsmen hope that by emphasizing quality, tradition and craftsmanship
they can win through.
25 They are competing with foreigners who make much cheaper, lower-quality
instruments.
1.3 The sentences are based on Text C The dark future for the world’s great violin-makers.
26 Covid-19 has had serious effects on both lives and the economy of Cremona.
27 One sector that is particularly stressed is that of violin-making.
28 The production of violins has been the industrial engine of Cremona’s economy.
29 The pandemic’s effects on violin-making show the damage it is inflicting on culture and
the arts.
30 Stradivari’s workshop may no longer exist, but his name and presence are everywhere in
the city.
31 Cremona violin-making is so highly valued that it is on Unesco’s cultural heritage list.
32 The stringed instruments are made in Cremona by assembling over 70 pieces of wood by
hand.
1
Lingua Inglese, 6 crediti a.a.2021-22
Italy today- Readings in Economics and Business
Unit One Lord of the Strings: violins in Cremona
SECTION FOUR ANSWERS
33 Italy’s annual exports of string instruments, mostly from Cremona, are worth about
£5.4m.
34 The Cremonese luthiers were already facing the problem of a saturated market before
Covid.
35 Another problem is that they are also competing against more cheaply made foreign
instruments.
36 The luthiers are losing customers, with so many concerts and fairs being cancelled.
37 The classical music industry is among those suffering most from Covid-19.
2
Lingua Inglese, 6 crediti a.a.2021-22
Italy today- Readings in Economics and Business
Unit One Lord of the Strings: violins in Cremona
SECTION FOUR ANSWERS
9 meat meet ✔
10 sell cell ✔
1 Confusables: the -al suffix. Insert a word from the list below in the appropriate sentence (from a to j)
a Fast food is widely used because it is so convenient, though it’s not so economical.
b He made a politic move and forgave his foes.
c He refused to stand for mayor, saying he has no political ambitions.
d It’s one of the classic Goldoni comedies about masters and servants.
e Most of the characters in De Sica’s recent movies are comical and likeable.
f Surely Totò was the greatest comic actor in twentieth century Italy.
g The first historical news about a free Cremona is from 1093, when it sided with Matilde of Canossa against the Emperor.
h It was there, in the Canossa courtyard, that Henry IV suffered his historic humiliation.
i There are some classical remains from about 300 BC in the Varese area.
j There is a complex of economic reasons why Cremona went into decline in the 1700s.
2 Homographs - words with the same spelling, but a different meaning (and at times pronunciation).
3
Lingua Inglese, 6 crediti a.a.2021-22
Italy today- Readings in Economics and Business
Unit One Lord of the Strings: violins in Cremona
SECTION FOUR ANSWERS
3.5 A He stopped to help her.
B He stopped helping her
Which statement expresses help stopping? B
Which statement expresses help starting? A
4.1 Phrasal verbs with OFF – to pay off, to show off, to call off, to lay off, to leave off, to take off, to write off, to
sell off
1 Given that they had to leave the country quickly, they sold off all their possessions.
2 If we leave off now, we’ll never get the job done in time.
3 It took us 20 years to pay off the mortgage.
4 The early violins were shown off in a most attractive way.
5 The crash was so violent that both cars had to be written off.
6 The game had to be called off because of the weather.
7 We left off mowing the lawn as it started to rain.
8 The workers were all laid off and went on strike at once.
9 They did not wait for an answer but took off at high speed.
10 His plan did not pay off, and he had to start all over again.
ee asleep, green, feet, sheet, sleepy, between, three, sweets, seems, keeper, street
ea beach, dreaming, sea, reading, ice-cream, beach, cleaning, team, steal, easily
e me, evening, evil
i magazine, police, machines
ei =
ie fields, niece’s, thief, piece, thieves
ey keys
eo people
4
Lingua Inglese, 6 crediti a.a.2021-22
Italy today- Readings in Economics and Business
Unit One Lord of the Strings: violins in Cremona
SECTION FOUR ANSWERS
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