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UNCCD National Report 2022 IND

This report was submitted by the government of India to the UNCCD to report on performance and implementation of the convention. It includes information on land cover trends in India from 2000-2019, key degradation processes of deforestation, urban expansion, and the conversion of various land types. The UNCCD land cover classes are sufficient to monitor degradation processes in India. A land cover transition matrix tracks changes between classes like increases in cropland and artificial surfaces with corresponding decreases in tree-covered areas and grasslands.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

34 views104 pages

UNCCD National Report 2022 IND

Uploaded by

Vihaan Acharya

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

You are on page 1/ 104

United Nations Convention to Combat Desertiﬁcation

Performance review and assessment of implementation system

Seventh reporting process

Report from
India

This report has been submitted by the government of India to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertiﬁcation
(UNCCD).
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this report do not imply the expression of any opinion
whatsoever on the part of the UNCCD concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or
concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

24 March 2023
Contents

1. SO: Strategic objectives

A. SO-1: To improve the condition of affected ecosystems, combat desertification/land degradation, promote
sustainable land management and contribute to land degradation neutrality.
SO1-1 Trends in land cover
SO1-2 Trends in land productivity or functioning of the land
SO1-3 Trends in carbon stocks above and below ground
SO1-4 Proportion of degraded land over the total land area
SO1 Voluntary Targets
B. SO-2: To improve the living conditions of affected populations.
SO2-1 Trends in population living below the relative poverty line and/or income inequality in affected
areas
SO2-2 Trends in access to safe drinking water in affected areas
SO2-3 Trends in the proportion of population exposed to land degradation disaggregated by sex
SO2 Voluntary Targets
C. SO-3: To mitigate, adapt to, and manage the effects of drought in order to enhance resilience of vulnerable
populations and ecosystems.
SO3-1 Trends in the proportion of land under drought over the total land area
SO3-2 Trends in the proportion of the population exposed to drought
SO3-3 Trends in the degree of drought vulnerability
SO3 Voluntary Targets
D. SO-4: To generate global environmental benefits through effective implementation of the United Nations
Convention to Combat Desertification.
SO4-1 Trends in carbon stocks above and below ground
SO4-2 Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species
SO4-3 Proportion of important sites for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity that are covered by
protected areas, by ecosystem type
SO4 Voluntary Targets
E. SO-5: To mobilize substantial and additional financial and non-financial resources to support the
implementation of the Convention by building effective partnerships at global and national level
SO5-1 Bilateral and multilateral public resources
SO5-2 Domestic public resources
SO5-3 International and domestic private resources
SO5-4 Technology transfer
SO5-5 Future support for activities related to the implementation of the Convention

2. IF: Implementation Framework

A. Financial and Non-Financial Sources
B. Policy and Planning
C. Action on the Ground

3. Other ﬁles for Reporting

4. Templated Maps
A. Land cover in the initial year of the baseline period
B. Land cover in the baseline year
C. Land cover in the latest reporting year
D. Land cover change in the baseline period
E. Land cover change in the reporting period
F. Land cover degradation in the baseline period
G. Land cover degradation in the reporting period
H. Land productivity dynamics in the baseline period
I. Land productivity dynamics in the reporting period
J. Land productivity degradation in the baseline period
K. Land productivity degradation in the reporting period
L. Soil organic carbon stock in the initial year of the baseline period
M. Soil organic carbon stock in the baseline year
N. Soil organic carbon stock in the latest reporting year
O. Change in soil organic carbon stock in the baseline period

2 / 104
P. Change in soil organic carbon stock in the reporting period
Q. Soil organic carbon degradation in the baseline period
R. Soil organic carbon degradation in the reporting period
S. Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area (SDG Indicator 15.3.1) in the baseline period
T. Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area (SDG Indicator 15.3.1) in the reporting period
U. Progress towards Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) in the reporting period
V. Land Degradation Hotspots
W. Land Improvement Brightspots
X. Total Population exposed to land degradation (baseline)
Y. Female Population exposed to land degradation (baseline)
Z. Male Population exposed to land degradation (baseline)
AA. Total Population exposed to land degradation (reporting)
AB. Female Population exposed to land degradation (reporting)
AC. Male Population exposed to land degradation (reporting)
AD. Drought hazard in ﬁrst epoch of baseline period
AE. Drought hazard in second epoch of baseline period
AF. Drought hazard in third epoch of baseline period
AG. Drought hazard in fourth epoch of baseline period
AH. Drought hazard in the reporting period
AI. Drought exposure in ﬁrst epoch of baseline period
AJ. Drought exposure in second epoch of baseline period
AK. Drought exposure in third epoch of baseline period
AL. Drought exposure in fourth epoch of baseline period
AM. Drought exposure in the reporting period
AN. Female drought exposure in the reporting period
AO. Male drought exposure in the reporting period

3 / 104
4 / 104
SO-1: To improve the condition of affected ecosystems, combat desertiﬁcation/land degradation, promote sustainable land
management and contribute to land degradation neutrality.

SO1-1 Trends in land cover

Land area
SO1-1.T1: National estimates of the total land area, the area covered by water bodies and total country area

Year Total land area (km²) Water bodies (km²) Total country area (km²) Comments

2 000 3 230 856 .02 56 406 .98 3 287 263 India total area 3,287,263 Square Kilometers

2 005 3 230 221 .75 57 041 .25 3 287 263 India total area 3,287,263 Square Kilometers

2 010 3 229 587 .49 57 675 .51 3 287 263 India total area 3,287,263 Square Kilometers

2 015 3 229 587 .49 57 675 .51 3 287 263 India total area 3,287,263 Square Kilometers

2 016 3 229 541 .79 57 721 .21 3 287 263 India total area 3,287,263 Square Kilometers

2 019 3 227 290 .37 59 972 .63 3 287 263 India total area 3,287,263 Square Kilometers

Land cover legend and transition matrix

SO1-1.T2: Key Degradation Processes

Degradation Process Starting Land Cover Ending Land Cover

Deforestation Tree-covered areas Croplands

Urban Expansion Croplands Artiﬁcial surfaces

Urban Expansion Tree-covered areas Artiﬁcial surfaces

Urban Expansion Grasslands Artiﬁcial surfaces

Are the seven UNCCD land cover classes suﬃcient to monitor the key degradation processes in your country?

Yes

SO1-1.T4: UNCCD land cover legend transition matrix

Original/ Final Tree-covered areas Grasslands Croplands Wetlands Artiﬁcial surfaces Other Lands Water bodies
Tree-covered areas 0 - - - - - 0
Grasslands + 0 + - - - 0
Croplands + - 0 - - - 0
Wetlands - - - 0 - - 0
Artiﬁcial surfaces + + + + 0 + 0
Other Lands + + + + - 0 0
Water bodies 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Land cover
SO1-1.T5: National estimates of land cover (km²) for the baseline and reporting period

Other
Tree-covered Grasslands Croplands Wetlands Artiﬁcial Water No data
Lands
areas (km²) (km²) (km²) (km²) surfaces (km²) bodies (km²) (km²)
(km²)
2 180 176 107 372
2000 590 274 .62 321 040 .59 22 520 .68 9 471 .03 56 406 .98
.15 .944

2001

5 / 104
SO-1: To improve the condition of affected ecosystems, combat desertiﬁcation/land degradation, promote sustainable land
management and contribute to land degradation neutrality.

Tree-covered Grasslands Croplands Wetlands Artiﬁcial Other Lands Water No data

areas (km²) (km²) (km²) (km²) surfaces (km²) (km²) bodies (km²) (km²)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2 180 204
2015 590 383 .77 320 974 .31 22 505 .20 9 465 .40 106 054 .35 57 675 .51
.44

2 195 247
2016 594 721 .02 303 735 .05 22 831 .86 15 325 .31 97 680 .65 57 721 .21
.89

2 184 805
2017 600 720 .70 301 803 .56 22 946 .25 20 143 .09 98 169 .52 58 674 .16
.72

2 174 413
2018 606 780 .91 299 884 .36 23 061 .22 26 475 .42 98 660 .83 57 987 .05
.22

2 163 921
2019 613 281 .80 297 940 .58 23 175 .03 29 778 .65 99 147 .25 60 018 .30
.38

2020

Land cover change

SO1-1.T6: National estimates of land cover change (km²) for the baseline period

Artiﬁcial Other Water

Tree-covered Grasslands Croplands Wetlands Total
surfaces Lands bodies
areas (km²) (km²) (km²) (km²) (km²)
(km²) (km²) (km²)
Tree-covered 409 470 .89 1 635 .54 5 000 .13 9 .68 397 .38 4 .82 188 .10 416 706
areas (km²) .54
Grasslands 2 478 .11 266 960 .80 2 493 .68 23 .96 734 .17 460 .42 999 .36 274 150
(km²) .5
1 926 677 1 948
Croplands (km²) 4 533 .97 973 .94 61 .93 14 246 .00 62 .48 1 894 .67
.46 450 .45

6 .12 2 .90 24 .01 20 363 .35 23 .04 0 .0 166 .45 20 585

Wetlands (km²)
.87
Artiﬁcial 0 .00 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 8 373 .01 0 .0 0 .0 8 373
surfaces (km²) .01

Other Lands 93 913 94 425

0 .00 457 .94 12 .78 0 .0 37 .74 3 .44
(km²) .97 .87

Water bodies 47 .75 95 .70 192 .35 515 .36 72 .03 11 .20 44 289 .76 45 224
(km²) .15
1 934 400 94 452
Total 416 536 .84 270 126 .82 20 974 .28 23 883 .37 47 541 .78
.41 .89

6 / 104
SO-1: To improve the condition of affected ecosystems, combat desertiﬁcation/land degradation, promote sustainable land
management and contribute to land degradation neutrality.

SO1-1.T7: National estimates of land cover change (km²) for the reporting period

Artiﬁcial Other Water

Tree-covered Grasslands Croplands Wetlands Total land
surfaces Lands bodies
areas (km²) (km²) (km²) (km²) area (km²)
(km²) (km²) (km²)
Tree-covered 584 375 .05 2 119 .67 5 396 .33 31 .91 399 .06 3 .25 166 .77 592 492
areas (km²) .04
Grasslands 6 274 .37 291 196 .28 1 634 .87 31 .78 806 .75 1 726 .47 926 .143 302 596
(km²) .66

Croplands 2 148 612 2 187 020

20 236 .42 2 898 .12 126 .30 13 046 .22 163 .23 1 937 .322
(km²) .63 .24

Wetlands (km²) 18 .93 3 .62 36 .67 22 509 .70 25 .86 0 .21 151 .30 22 746 .29

Artiﬁcial 0 .00 0 .0 0 .00 0 .00 15 267 .87 0 .00 0 .00 15 267 .87
surfaces (km²)

Other Lands 96 742

0 .26 501 .58 12 .40 0 .07 37 .68 20 .08 97 314 .56
(km²) .49

Water bodies 78 .24 104 .65 118 .25 388 .42 83 .59 140 .00 56 545 .40 57 458 .55
(km²)
2 155 811 98 775
Total 610 983 .27 296 823 .92 23 088 .18 29 667 .03 59 747 .01
.15 .65

Land cover degradation

SO1-1.T8: National estimates of land cover degradation (km²) in the baseline period

Area (km²) Percent of total land area (%)

Land area with degraded land cover 23 793 .77 0 .7

Land area with non-degraded land cover 3 263 469 .23 99 .3

Land area with no land cover data 0 .00 0 .0

SO1-1.T9: National estimates of land cover degradation (km²) in the reporting period

Area (km²) Percent of total land area (%)

Land area with improved land cover 29 045 .61 0 .9

Land area with stable land cover 3 172 426 .43 96 .5

Land area with degraded land cover 25 818 .32 0 .8

Land area with no land cover data 0 .00 0 .0

General comments
1. India boundary shape file updated with boundary shape file provided by Survey of India, GoI. 2. All other statistics were generated using
data sets as suggested in PRAIS 4 manual i.e. ESA Land cover, MODIS NDVI, and ISRIC SoilGrids. 3. The maximum land cover change
identified during the reporting period compared to the baseline period was identified as conversion of crop land into the artificial surface
(11918 km2) followed by conversion of tree cover into crop land cover (5396.33 km2).

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SO-1: To improve the condition of affected ecosystems, combat desertiﬁcation/land degradation, promote sustainable land
management and contribute to land degradation neutrality.

SO1-2 Trends in land productivity or functioning of the land

Land productivity dynamics

SO1-2.T1: National estimates of land productivity dynamics (in km²) within each land cover class for the
baseline period
Net land productivity dynamics (km²) for the baseline period
Land cover class
Declining (km²) Moderate Decline (km²) Stressed (km²) Stable (km²) Increasing (km²) No Data (km²)

Tree-covered areas 5 690 .91 11 027 .70 811 .13 198 601 .12 193 954 .19 440 .96

Grasslands 43 .07 24 .06 121 .83 707 .55 1 443 .25 3 .32

Croplands 213 .05 68 .68 10 .11 1 387 .36 2 313 .44 2 .68

Wetlands 0 .51 0 .30 0 .00 2 .32 1 .19 0 .07

Artiﬁcial surfaces 159 .45 21 .90 4 .86 0 .00 0 .00 0 .00

Other Lands 0 .07 0 .00 1 .76 0 .00 0 .00 0 .00

Water bodies 4 .45 1 .97 2 .61 3 .30 2 .28 37 .51

SO1-2.T2: National estimates of land productivity dynamics (in km²) within each land cover class for the
reporting period.
Net land productivity dynamics (km²) for the reporting period
Land cover class
Declining (km²) Moderate Decline (km²) Stressed (km²) Stable (km²) Increasing (km²) No Data (km²)

Tree-covered areas 20 318 .16 34 690 .41 1 483 .96 315 380 .30 211 850 .03 652 .18

Grasslands 188 .07 291 .46 10 .18 2 800 .96 2 966 .96 16 .74

Croplands 549 .62 955 .50 7 .67 8 022 .23 10 684 .06 17 .33

Wetlands 0 .82 0 .73 0 .00 11 .64 5 .67 0 .07

Artiﬁcial surfaces 0 .00 0 .00 0 .00 0 .00 0 .00 0 .00

Other Lands 0 .00 0 .00 0 .00 0 .06 0 .06 0 .13

Water bodies 1 .78 0 .65 1 .08 3 .57 1 .84 69 .32

SO1-2.T3: National estimates of land productivity dynamics for areas where a land conversion to a new land
cover class has taken place (in km²) for the baseline period.
Land Conversion Net land productivity dynamics (km²) for the baseline period
Net area change Declining Moderate Decline Stressed Stable Increasing
From To
(km²) (km²) (km²) (km²) (km²) (km²)
Tree-covered 198 601
Croplands 5 000 .13 213 .05 68 .68 10 .11 1 976 .08
areas .12

Tree-covered Artiﬁcial
397 .38 159 .45 21 .90 4 .86 132 .30 62 .89
areas surfaces

Tree-covered
Grasslands 2 478 .11 35 .12 31 .60 0 .21 707 .55 1 443 .25
areas

Artiﬁcial
Grasslands 734 .17 151 .27 16 .18 51 .26 171 .32 231 .16
surfaces

Artiﬁcial
Croplands 14 246 .00 3 104 .46 845 .32 328 .37 4 832 .88 3 849 .98
surfaces

8 / 104
SO-1: To improve the condition of affected ecosystems, combat desertiﬁcation/land degradation, promote sustainable land
management and contribute to land degradation neutrality.

SO1-2.T4: National estimates of land productivity dynamics for areas where a land conversion to a new land
cover class has taken place (in km²) for the reporting period.
Land Conversion Net land productivity dynamics (km²) for the reporting period
Net area change Declining Moderate Decline Stressed Stable Increasing
From To
(km²) (km²) (km²) (km²) (km²) (km²)
Tree-covered
Croplands 5 396 .33 728 .47 406 .84 30 .00 2 523 .42 1 696 .57
areas

Tree-covered Artiﬁcial
399 .06 180 .63 36 .12 6 .49 116 .62 56 .51
areas surfaces

Tree-covered
Grasslands 6 274 .37 188 .07 291 .46 10 .18 2 800 .96 2 966 .96
areas

Artiﬁcial
Grasslands 759 172 .23 26 .62 62 .57 190 .90 345 .92
surfaces

Artiﬁcial
Croplands 11 918 3 950 .59 823 .77 267 .94 4 747 .78 3 199 .17
surfaces

Land Productivity degradation

SO1-2.T5: National estimates of land productivity degradation in the baseline period

Area (km²) Percent of total land area (%)

Land area with degraded land productivity 122 244 .40 3 .8

Land area with non-degraded land productivity 2 995 190 .81 92 .7

Land area with no land productivity data 111 446 .29 3 .5

SO1-2.T6: National estimates of land productivity degradation in the reporting period

Area (km²) Percent of total land area (%)

Land area with improved land productivity 1 560 097 .13 48 .3

Land area with stable land productivity 1 267 671 .72 39 .3

Land area with degraded land productivity 273 863 .46 8 .5

Land area with no land productivity data 125 658 .06 3 .9

General comments
1. The dominant factor of degradation based on land cover change dynamics is because of the conversion of crop land area in baseline
period into artiﬁcial land cover in the reporting period. 2. Based on the assessment of land productivity dynamics, degraded area in India
grew by 4.7% in the reporting period compared to the baseline period. 3. The total degraded area in the reporting period based on
productivity is estimated as 273,863 km2 (i.e. 8.5%).

9 / 104
SO-1: To improve the condition of affected ecosystems, combat desertiﬁcation/land degradation, promote sustainable land
management and contribute to land degradation neutrality.

SO1-3 Trends in carbon stocks above and below ground

Soil organic carbon stocks

SO1-3.T1: National estimates of the soil organic carbon stock in topsoil (0-30 cm) within each land cover
class (in tonnes per hectare).
Soil organic carbon stock in topsoil (t/ha)
Year
Tree-covered areas Grasslands Croplands Wetlands Artiﬁcial surfaces Other Lands Water bodies

2000 79 .74 84 .06 44 .84 74 .73 55 .80 38 .28

2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014

2015 80 .17 84 .53 44 .80 74 .03 37 .90 38 .21

2016 95 .77 87 .67 46 .47 72 .33 50 .73 37 .83

2017 95 .63 87 .63 46 .41 72 .23 45 .29 38 .01

2018 95 .49 87 .63 46 .34 72 .14 39 .84 38 .18

2019 95 .35 87 .56 46 .28 72 .04 34 .39 38 .35

2020

If you opted not to use default Tier 1 data, what did you use to calculate the estimates above?
Modiﬁed Tier 1 methods and data

Tier 2 (additional use of country-speciﬁc data)

Tier 3 (more complex methods involving ground measurements and modelling)

SO1-3.T2: National estimates of the change in soil organic carbon stock in soil due to land conversion to a
new land cover class in the baseline period
Land Conversion Soil organic carbon (SOC) stock change in the baseline period
Net area Initial SOC Final SOC Initial SOC Final SOC SOC stock
From To
change (km²) stock (t/ha) stock (t/ha) stock total (t) stock total (t) change (t)
Tree-covered
Croplands 3 629 .08 97 .3 109 .5 35 323 348 39 749 456 4 426 108
areas

Croplands Grasslands 4 066 .51 17 .7 19 .7 7 184 092 7 999 859 815 767

Wetlands Croplands 6 273 .37 0 .4 0 .4 252 093 225 912 -26 181

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SO-1: To improve the condition of affected ecosystems, combat desertiﬁcation/land degradation, promote sustainable land
management and contribute to land degradation neutrality.

Land Conversion Soil organic carbon (SOC) stock change in the baseline period
Net area Initial SOC Final SOC Initial SOC Final SOC SOC stock
From To
change (km²) stock (t/ha) stock (t/ha) stock total (t) stock total (t) change (t)
Tree-covered
Croplands 4 209 .61 86 .9 77 .0 36 585 404 32 396 679 -4 188 725
areas

SO1-3.T3: National estimates of the change in soil organic carbon stock in soil due to land conversion to a
new land cover class in the reporting period
Land Conversion Soil organic carbon (SOC) stock change in the reporting period
Net area Initial SOC Final SOC Initial SOC Final SOC SOC stock
From To
change (km²) stock (t/ha) stock (t/ha) stock total (t) stock total (t) change (t)
Tree-covered
Croplands 1 994 .03 593 .4 608 .6 118 325 242 121 361 504 3 036 262
areas

Croplands Grasslands 3 550 .48 27 .6 28 .3 9 806 926 10 048 319 241 393

Wetlands Croplands 13 112 .6 107 .9 146 358 140 325 -6 033

Tree-covered
Croplands 1 217 .74 145 .6 142 .7 17 724 710 17 379 295 -345 415
areas

Soil organic carbon stock degradation

SO1-3.T4: National estimates of soil organic carbon stock degradation in the baseline period

Area (km²) Percent of total land area (%)

Land area with degraded soil organic carbon (SOC) 19 075 .00 0 .6

Land area with non-degraded SOC 3 136 673 .55 97 .1

Land area with no SOC data 73 838 .94 2 .3

SO1-3.T5: National estimates of SOC stock degradation in the reporting period

Area (km²) Percent of total land area (%)

Land area with improved SOC 6 255 .91 0 .2

Land area with stable SOC 3 114 366 .34 96 .5

Land area with degraded SOC 27 623 .56 0 .9

Land area with no SOC data 79 044 .55 2 .4

General comments
1. During the reporting period, soil organic carbon content was found to be highest under the tree land cover (95 Mg/ha) followed by
grasslands (87 Mg/ha), wetlands (72 Mg/ha), and cropland (46 Mg/ha).

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SO-1: To improve the condition of affected ecosystems, combat desertiﬁcation/land degradation, promote sustainable land
management and contribute to land degradation neutrality.

SO1-4 Proportion of degraded land over the total land area

Proportion of degraded land over the total land area (Sustainable Development Goal Indicator 15.3.1)
SO1-4.T1: National estimates of the total area of degraded land (in km²), and the proportion of degraded land
relative to the total land area

Total area of degraded land (km²) Proportion of degraded land over the total land area (%)

Baseline Period 142 786 .60 4 .4

Reporting Period 305 071 .95 9 .5

Change in degraded extent 162285.35

Method
Did you use the SO1-1, SO1-2 and SO1-3 indicators (i.e. land cover, land productivity dynamics and soil organic carbon
stock) to compute the proportion of degraded land?

Which indicators did you use?

☒ Land Cover
☒ Land Productivity Dynamics
☒ SOC Stock
Did you apply the one-out, all-out principle to compute the proportion of degraded land?

Yes

Level of Conﬁdence
Indicate your country’s level of conﬁdence in the assessment of the proportion of degraded land:

High (based on comprehensive evidence)

Medium (based on partial evidence)

Low (based on limited evidence)

Describe why the assessment has been given the level of confidence selected above:
1. The level of confidence where medium in the assesment of the proportion of degraded land. The default data from different other world
agency spatial data and information were used. 2. The derived information and quantification of values were observed using world generic
data. Its accuracy were in the range of 65-75% for the India national region. 3. The generation of India national data for the reporting period
are in their creation process. With its avaliability accurate data can be reported with high level of confidence.
False positives/ False negatives
SO1-4.T3: Justify why any area identified as degraded or non-degraded in the SO1-1, SO1-2 or SO1-3 indicator
data should or should not be included in the overall Sustainable Development Goal indicator 15.3.1
calculation.

Location Name Type Recode Options Area (km²) Process driving false +/- outcome Basis for Judgement Edit Polygon

Perform qualitative assessments of areas identiﬁed as degraded or improved

SO1-4.T4: Degradation hotspots

Action(s) taken to redress

Remediating
Direct drivers of degradation in terms of
Area Assessment action(s) (both Edit
Hotspots Location land degradation Land Degradation
(km²) Process forward-looking and Polygon
hotspots Neutrality response
current)
hierarchy
1 705
.8 None None

534 .2 None None

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SO-1: To improve the condition of affected ecosystems, combat desertiﬁcation/land degradation, promote sustainable land
management and contribute to land degradation neutrality.

Action(s) taken to redress Remediating

Direct drivers of
Area Assessment degradation in terms of action(s) (both Edit
Hotspots Location land degradation
(km²) Process Land Degradation Neutrality forward-looking and Polygon
hotspots
response hierarchy current)
1 212
.9 None None

1 353
.9 None None

718 .8 None None

829 .9 None None

371 .6 None None

324 .1 None None

1 005
.7 None None

1 292 None None

403 .5 None None

1 120
.3 None None

790 .1 None None

335 .1 None None

379 .6 None None

324 .3 None None

335 .5 None None

901 None None

322 .5 None None

308 None None

340 .6 None None

323 None None

2 208
.5 None None

1 328
.2 None None

341 .3 None None

398 .2 None None

323 .6 None None

403 .1 None None

308 .3 None None

Total no. of
483
hotspots
Total
hotspot 344 445 .7
area

13 / 104
SO-1: To improve the condition of affected ecosystems, combat desertiﬁcation/land degradation, promote sustainable land
management and contribute to land degradation neutrality.

Action(s) taken to redress Remediating

569 .8 None None

308 .3 None None

414 .6 None None

675 .4 None None

611 .4 None None

406 None None

378 .6 None None

341 .7 None None

576 .8 None None

434 .8 None None

456 .4 None None

308 .5 None None

402 .6 None None

514 .9 None None

5 124
.8 None None

384 .6 None None

529 .4 None None

369 .4 None None

336 .8 None None

504 None None

324 .9 None None

370 .3 None None

323 .3 None None

336 .4 None None

859 .4 None None

1 513
.9 None None

1 063
.1 None None

Total no. of
483
hotspots
Total
hotspot 344 445 .7
area

14 / 104
SO-1: To improve the condition of affected ecosystems, combat desertiﬁcation/land degradation, promote sustainable land
management and contribute to land degradation neutrality.

Action(s) taken to redress Remediating

886 .9 None None

3 009
.1 None None

308 .2 None None

3 014
.7 None None

679 .2 None None

308 .2 None None

330 .5 None None

485 .9 None None

490 .7 None None

729 None None

516 .3 None None

341 .3 None None

341 .4 None None

308 .2 None None

831 .4 None None

1 123
.9 None None

628 .2 None None

334 .4 None None

307 .8 None None

411 .1 None None

352 .4 None None

408 .1 None None

436 .9 None None

1 491
.8 None None

1 246
.6 None None

552 .2 None None

Total no. of
483
hotspots
Total
hotspot 344 445 .7
area

15 / 104
SO-1: To improve the condition of affected ecosystems, combat desertiﬁcation/land degradation, promote sustainable land
management and contribute to land degradation neutrality.

Action(s) taken to redress Remediating

308 .4 None None

308 .5 None None

325 .2 None None

343 .1 None None

342 .3 None None

691 .5 None None

467 .3 None None

728 .2 None None

379 .7 None None

325 .4 None None

586 .3 None None

325 .3 None None

360 .6 None None

308 .5 None None

426 .9 None None

5 634
.9 None None

325 .3 None None

308 .7 None None

338 .1 None None

337 .9 None None

325 .3 None None

338 .1 None None

375 .9 None None

645 .5 None None

343 .1 None None

349 .5 None None

308 .7 None None

Total no. of
483
hotspots
Total
hotspot 344 445 .7
area

16 / 104
SO-1: To improve the condition of affected ecosystems, combat desertiﬁcation/land degradation, promote sustainable land
management and contribute to land degradation neutrality.

Action(s) taken to redress Remediating

308 .8 None None

325 .4 None None

343 .7 None None

325 .7 None None

356 .4 None None

635 .9 None None

425 .1 None None

375 None None

308 .9 None None

693 .1 None None

308 .9 None None

326 .3 None None

356 .2 None None

344 .3 None None

325 None None

407 .5 None None

348 .7 None None

409 .8 None None

469 .9 None None

660 .2 None None

337 .9 None None

308 .5 None None

481 .1 None None

534 .4 None None

341 .1 None None

370 .5 None None

325 .1 None None

337 .9 None None

Total no. of
483
hotspots
Total
hotspot 344 445 .7
area

17 / 104
SO-1: To improve the condition of affected ecosystems, combat desertiﬁcation/land degradation, promote sustainable land
management and contribute to land degradation neutrality.

Action(s) taken to redress Remediating

308 .5 None None

497 .4 None None

308 .5 None None

325 .1 None None

308 .6 None None

1 474
.9 None None

861 .5 None None

308 .6 None None

360 .5 None None

325 .2 None None

324 .5 None None

324 .7 None None

308 .7 None None

387 .9 None None

389 .7 None None

354 .5 None None

308 .7 None None

1 084
.9 None None

308 .7 None None

324 .8 None None

374 .8 None None

324 .7 None None

308 .7 None None

Total no. of
483
hotspots
Total
hotspot 344 445 .7
area

18 / 104
SO-1: To improve the condition of affected ecosystems, combat desertiﬁcation/land degradation, promote sustainable land
management and contribute to land degradation neutrality.

Action(s) taken to redress Remediating

336 .8 None None

677 .8 None None

354 .2 None None

779 .7 None None

1 041
.4 None None

1 705
.8 None None

1 212
.9 None None

1 353
.9 None None

829 .9 None None

371 .6 None None

324 .1 None None

1 005
.7 None None

1 292 None None

1 120
.3 None None

335 .1 None None

335 .5 None None

901 None None

322 .5 None None

308 None None

340 .6 None None

323 None None

2 208
.5 None None

1 328
.2 None None

341 .3 None None

398 .2 None None

Total no. of
483
hotspots
Total
hotspot 344 445 .7
area

19 / 104
SO-1: To improve the condition of affected ecosystems, combat desertiﬁcation/land degradation, promote sustainable land
management and contribute to land degradation neutrality.

Action(s) taken to redress Remediating

325 .1 None None

569 .8 None None

308 .3 None None

675 .4 None None

611 .4 None None

406 None None

378 .6 None None

341 .7 None None

576 .8 None None

434 .8 None None

456 .4 None None

402 .6 None None

5 124
.8 None None

529 .4 None None

369 .4 None None

336 .8 None None

504 None None

324 .9 None None

370 .3 None None

859 .4 None None

1 513
.9 None None

1 063
.1 None None

3 009
.1 None None

3 014
.7 None None

679 .2 None None

308 .2 None None

330 .5 None None

Total no. of
483
hotspots
Total
hotspot 344 445 .7
area

20 / 104
SO-1: To improve the condition of affected ecosystems, combat desertiﬁcation/land degradation, promote sustainable land
management and contribute to land degradation neutrality.

Action(s) taken to redress Remediating

729 None None

516 .3 None None

341 .3 None None

341 .4 None None

1 123
.9 None None

628 .2 None None

411 .1 None None

1 491
.8 None None

552 .2 None None

3 347
.6 None None

691 .5 None None

467 .3 None None

728 .2 None None

379 .7 None None

586 .3 None None

5 634
.9 None None

308 .7 None None

337 .9 None None

338 .1 None None

645 .5 None None

343 .1 None None

349 .5 None None

308 .7 None None

325 .4 None None

356 .4 None None

635 .9 None None

375 None None

Total no. of
483
hotspots
Total
hotspot 344 445 .7
area

21 / 104
SO-1: To improve the condition of affected ecosystems, combat desertiﬁcation/land degradation, promote sustainable land
management and contribute to land degradation neutrality.

Action(s) taken to redress Remediating

693 .1 None None

326 .3 None None

356 .2 None None

407 .5 None None

348 .7 None None

660 .2 None None

337 .9 None None

308 .5 None None

481 .1 None None

534 .4 None None

341 .1 None None

370 .5 None None

325 .1 None None

641 .9 None None

497 .4 None None

325 .1 None None

308 .6 None None

1 474
.9 None None

861 .5 None None

325 .2 None None

324 .5 None None

387 .9 None None

389 .7 None None

354 .5 None None

308 .7 None None

1 084
.9 None None

Total no. of
483
hotspots
Total
hotspot 344 445 .7
area

22 / 104
SO-1: To improve the condition of affected ecosystems, combat desertiﬁcation/land degradation, promote sustainable land
management and contribute to land degradation neutrality.

Action(s) taken to redress Remediating

354 .2 None None

779 .7 None None

1 041
.4 None None

1 212
.9 None None

1 353
.9 None None

829 .9 None None

371 .6 None None

324 .1 None None

1 005
.7 None None

1 292 None None

1 120
.3 None None

335 .1 None None

335 .5 None None

901 None None

322 .5 None None

308 None None

340 .6 None None

323 None None

2 208
.5 None None

398 .2 None None

308 .3 None None

325 .1 None None

569 .8 None None

308 .3 None None

675 .4 None None

611 .4 None None

Total no. of
483
hotspots
Total
hotspot 344 445 .7
area

23 / 104
SO-1: To improve the condition of affected ecosystems, combat desertiﬁcation/land degradation, promote sustainable land
management and contribute to land degradation neutrality.

Action(s) taken to redress Remediating

378 .6 None None

341 .7 None None

434 .8 None None

456 .4 None None

402 .6 None None

5 124
.8 None None

529 .4 None None

369 .4 None None

336 .8 None None

370 .3 None None

859 .4 None None

3 009
.1 None None

3 014
.7 None None

679 .2 None None

308 .2 None None

330 .5 None None

485 .9 None None

729 None None

516 .3 None None

341 .4 None None

1 123
.9 None None

552 .2 None None

3 347
.6 None None

691 .5 None None

467 .3 None None

728 .2 None None

379 .7 None None

Total no. of
483
hotspots
Total
hotspot 344 445 .7
area

24 / 104
SO-1: To improve the condition of affected ecosystems, combat desertiﬁcation/land degradation, promote sustainable land
management and contribute to land degradation neutrality.

Action(s) taken to redress Remediating

5 634
.9 None None

308 .7 None None

337 .9 None None

645 .5 None None

343 .1 None None

349 .5 None None

308 .7 None None

356 .4 None None

635 .9 None None

375 None None

308 .9 None None

693 .1 None None

326 .3 None None

356 .2 None None

407 .5 None None

348 .7 None None

308 .5 None None

481 .1 None None

534 .4 None None

341 .1 None None

370 .5 None None

325 .1 None None

641 .9 None None

497 .4 None None

325 .1 None None

308 .6 None None

1 474
.9 None None

Total no. of
483
hotspots
Total
hotspot 344 445 .7
area

25 / 104
SO-1: To improve the condition of affected ecosystems, combat desertiﬁcation/land degradation, promote sustainable land
management and contribute to land degradation neutrality.

Action(s) taken to redress Remediating

325 .2 None None

324 .5 None None

389 .7 None None

354 .5 None None

308 .7 None None

1 084
.9 None None

677 .8 None None

779 .7 None None

1 041
.4 None None

1 212
.9 None None

371 .6 None None

324 .1 None None

1 005
.7 None None

1 292 None None

335 .1 None None

901 None None

322 .5 None None

308 None None

340 .6 None None

323 None None

2 208
.5 None None

398 .2 None None

308 .3 None None

569 .8 None None

611 .4 None None

378 .6 None None

434 .8 None None

Total no. of
483
hotspots
Total
hotspot 344 445 .7
area

26 / 104
SO-1: To improve the condition of affected ecosystems, combat desertiﬁcation/land degradation, promote sustainable land
management and contribute to land degradation neutrality.

Action(s) taken to redress Remediating

402 .6 None None

5 124
.8 None None

529 .4 None None

369 .4 None None

336 .8 None None

370 .3 None None

859 .4 None None

3 009
.1 None None

679 .2 None None

308 .2 None None

485 .9 None None

729 None None

516 .3 None None

1 123
.9 None None

552 .2 None None

3 347
.6 None None

691 .5 None None

467 .3 None None

728 .2 None None

379 .7 None None

586 .3 None None

5 634
.9 None None

645 .5 None None

356 .4 None None

635 .9 None None

375 None None

693 .1 None None

Total no. of
483
hotspots
Total
hotspot 344 445 .7
area

27 / 104
SO-1: To improve the condition of affected ecosystems, combat desertiﬁcation/land degradation, promote sustainable land
management and contribute to land degradation neutrality.

Action(s) taken to redress Remediating

356 .2 None None

407 .5 None None

481 .1 None None

534 .4 None None

341 .1 None None

370 .5 None None

325 .1 None None

641 .9 None None

497 .4 None None

325 .1 None None

1 474
.9 None None

861 .5 None None

325 .2 None None

324 .5 None None

354 .5 None None

1 084
.9 None None

677 .8 None None

779 .7 None None

1 041
.4 None None

1 212
None None Polygon
.9

371 .6 None None Polygon

1 005
None None Polygon
.7

1 292 None None Polygon

335 .1 None None Polygon

901 None None Polygon

308 None None Polygon

2 208
None None Polygon
.5
Total no. of
483
hotspots
Total
hotspot 344 445 .7
area

28 / 104
SO-1: To improve the condition of affected ecosystems, combat desertiﬁcation/land degradation, promote sustainable land
management and contribute to land degradation neutrality.

Action(s) taken to redress Remediating

398 .2 None None Polygon

308 .3 None None Polygon

569 .8 None None Polygon

611 .4 None None Polygon

456 .4 None None Polygon

529 .4 None None Polygon

369 .4 None None Polygon

336 .8 None None Polygon

859 .4 None None Polygon

3 009
None None Polygon
.1

679 .2 None None Polygon

485 .9 None None Polygon

516 .3 None None Polygon

1 123
None None Polygon
.9

552 .2 None None Polygon

3 347
None None Polygon
.6

691 .5 None None Polygon

5 634
None None Polygon
.9

635 .9 None None Polygon

693 .1 None None Polygon

407 .5 None None Polygon

481 .1 None None Polygon

534 .4 None None Polygon

1 474
None None Polygon
.9

325 .2 None None Polygon

354 .5 None None Polygon

1 084
None None Polygon
.9

677 .8 None None Polygon

779 .7 None None Polygon

1 041
None None Polygon
.4
Total no. of
483
hotspots
Total
hotspot 344 445 .7
area

29 / 104
SO-1: To improve the condition of affected ecosystems, combat desertiﬁcation/land degradation, promote sustainable land
management and contribute to land degradation neutrality.

What is/are the indirect driver(s) of land degradation at the national level?

1. Institutions and governance

2. Science, knowledge and technology
3. Cultural
4. Demographic
5. Economic

SO1-4.T5: Improvement brightspots

What action(s) led to the

Implementing action(s)
Area Assessment brightspot in terms of the Edit
Brightspots Location (both forward-looking
(km²) Process Land Degradation Neutrality Polygon
and current)
hierarchy?
Qualitative
LADAKH LEH 23 .2 None Polygon
information

Qualitative
ASSAM SONITPUR 40 None Polygon
information

Qualitative
MEGHALAYA WEST GARO HILLS 31 None Polygon
information

NORTH CACHAR Qualitative

ASSAM 54 .2 None Polygon
HILLS information

Qualitative
TRIPURA SOUTH TRIPURA 50 None Polygon
information

Qualitative
MIZORAM CHAMPHAI 70 None Polygon
information

Qualitative
KARNATAKA BELAGAVI 50 .2 None Polygon
information

Qualitative
KARNATAKA CHIKKAMAGALURU 48 .9 None Polygon
information

Qualitative
GUJARAT DANGS 37 .8 None Polygon
information

Qualitative
MANIPUR CHURACHANDPUR 52 .9 None Polygon
information

Qualitative
MIZORAM KOLASIB 124 .8 None Polygon
information

Qualitative
MIZORAM AIZWAL 32 .4 None Polygon
information

Qualitative
KARNATAKA CHIKKAMAGALURU 106 .7 None Polygon
information

Qualitative
KARNATAKA CHIKKAMAGALURU 41 .4 None Polygon
information

Qualitative
KARNATAKA DAKSHIN KANNADA 46 .8 None Polygon
information

Total no. of brightpots 15

Total brightspot area 810 .3

What are the enabling and instrumental responses at the national level driving the occurrence of brightspots?

1. Climate change adaptation planning

2. Institutional and policy reform
3. Responses to the adverse effects of globalisation, demographic change, migration

30 / 104
SO-1: To improve the condition of affected ecosystems, combat desertiﬁcation/land degradation, promote sustainable land
management and contribute to land degradation neutrality.

Legal and regulatory instruments

5. Economic and ﬁnancial instruments
�. Integrated landscape planning
7. Rights-based instruments and customary norms
�. Protected areas
9. Anthropogenic assets
10. Social and cultural instruments

General comments
1. Proportion of degraded land over the total land area increased from baseline 4.4 percent to 9.5 percent during the reporting period.

31 / 104
SO-1: To improve the condition of affected ecosystems, combat desertiﬁcation/land degradation, promote sustainable land
management and contribute to land degradation neutrality.

SO1 Voluntary Targets

SO1-VT.T1: Voluntary Land Degradation Neutrality targets and other targets relevant to strategic objective 1

Which other
Overarching
important
Total type of Land Is this an LDN
Status of goals are
Target Degradation Targeted target? If so, under Edit
Target Year Location(s) target also being
Area Neutrality action(s) which process was Polygon
achievement addressed
(km²) (LDN) it deﬁned/adopted?
by this
intervention
target?
Sum of all targeted areas
Total
0

SO1.IA.T1: Areas of implemented action related to the targets (projects and initiatives on the ground).

Relevant Implemented Location Action start Extent of Edit

Total Area Implemented So Far (km²)
Target Action (placename) date action Polygon
Sum of all areas relevant to actions
under the same target

General comments
1. Voluntary targets are under consideration.

32 / 104
SO-2: To improve the living conditions of affected populations.

SO2-1 Trends in population living below the relative poverty line and/or income inequality in
affected areas

Relevant metric
Choose the metric that is relevant to your country:
Proportion of population below the
international poverty line

Income inequality (Gini Index)

Proportion of population below the international poverty line

SO2-1.T1: National estimates of the proportion of population below the international poverty line

Year Proportion of population below international poverty line (%)

2 000 40.6

2 001 39.7

2 002 39.7

2 003 38.8

2 004 38.1

2 005 35.9

2 006 35.3

2 007 33.6

2 008 32.4

2 009 31.4

2 010 26.7

2 011 21.9

2 012 20.0

2 013 17.7

2 014 15.8

2 015 13.6

2 016 11.5

2 017 10.0

2 018 9.0

2 019 8.6

2 020 9.8

Qualitative assessment
SO2-1.T3: Interpretation of the indicator

Change in
Indicator metric the Comments
indicator

33 / 104
SO-2: To improve the living conditions of affected populations.

Change in
Indicator metric the Comments
indicator

Proportion of 1. Improved income from the agriculture because of improved variety of crops and scientiﬁc and
population below the technological interventions. 2. Implementation of government supported programmes through
Decrease Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (2005) i.e. MNREGA. 3. Government
international poverty
line support to farmers in the form of subsidised fertiliser and electricity. 4. Improvement in irrigation
facilities for the agriculture.

General comments
1. The data sets of UN Sustainable Development Goal indicator 1 (https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/dataportal/countryproﬁles/ind) was used for
assigning values of the UNCCD SO2-1 indicator. 2. The proportion of the population below the international poverty line decreases from
40.60 % in the year 2000 to 9.8 % in the year 2020.

34 / 104
SO-2: To improve the living conditions of affected populations.

SO2-2 Trends in access to safe drinking water in affected areas

Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services

SO2-2.T1: National estimates of the proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services

Year Urban (%) Rural (%) Total (%)

2000 29

2001 31

2002 32

2003 33

2004 35

2005 36

2006 37

2007 39

2008 40

2009 42

2010 43

2011 45

2012 46

2013 48

2014 49

2015 51

2016 52

2017 54

2018 56

2019 57

2020 56

Qualitative assessment
SO2-2.T2: Interpretation of the indicator

Change in the indicator Comments

Increase Government supported projects and initiatives to enhance safe drinking water facilities.

General comments
1. Safe drinking water accessibility is increasing in rural areas. 2. The data on safe drinking water accessibility is available at
https://washdata.org/data/household#!/dashboard/new and https://datatopics.worldbank.org/sdgs/index.html

35 / 104
SO-2: To improve the living conditions of affected populations.

SO2-3 Trends in the proportion of population exposed to land degradation disaggregated by

sex

Proportion of the population exposed to land degradation disaggregated by sex

SO2-3.T1: National estimates of the proportion of population exposed to land degradation disaggregated by
sex.

Population Percentage of Female Percentage of total Percentage of total

Time Male population
exposed total population population female population male population
period exposed (count)
(count) exposed (%) exposed (count) exposed (%) exposed (%)
Baseline 167769789 86512580 93092558
13 .1 14 .1 14 .0
period
Reporting 251713317 139842527 151129247
18 .4 21 .2 21 .3
period

Qualitative assessment
SO2-3.T2: Interpretation of the indicator

Change in the
Comments
indicator

Increase 1. Increase in land degradation area during reporting period compared to baseline period. 2. Increase in conversion of
cropland into artiﬁcial land. 3. Conversion of tree cover into cropland. 4. Conversion of tree cover into artiﬁcial land.

General comments
Propotion of the population exposed to land degradation increased in the reporting period as compared to the baseline period.

36 / 104
SO-2: To improve the living conditions of affected populations.

SO2 Voluntary Targets

SO2-VT.T1

Target Year Level of application Status of target achievement Comments

General comments
It is at the consultation phase and yet to be ﬁxed.

37 / 104
SO-3: To mitigate, adapt to, and manage the effects of drought in order to enhance resilience of vulnerable populations and
ecosystems.

SO3-1 Trends in the proportion of land under drought over the total land area

Drought hazard indicator

SO3-1.T1: National estimates of the land area in each drought intensity class as deﬁned by the Standardized
Precipitation Index (SPI) or other nationally relevant drought indices
Drought intensity classes
Mild drought (km²) Moderate drought (km²) Severe drought (km²) Extreme drought (km²) Non-drought (km²)

2000 1 293 369 .55 394 085 254 228 142 758 1 040 294

2001 1 505 575 .27 225 657 94 921 2 086 1 253 718

2002 1 343 720 .60 778 084 423 372 285 446 282 544

2003 994 243 .20 225 797 159 228 95 829 1 583 363

2004 1 570 559 .39 237 374 112 178 25 994 1 162 468

2005 1 113 255 .59 142 727 47 075 2 947 1 829 271

2006 1 009 527 .13 335 170 139 597 56 960 1 549 308

2007 854 091 .61 133 412 47 511 24 523 2 017 654

2008 1 205 407 .54 123 609 61 247 22 921 1 735 020

2009 1 402 368 .53 494 136 237 171 139 846 821 043

2010 444 740 .87 207 545 143 336 114 698 2 107 319

2011 821 655 .89 197 446 136 828 96 607 1 951 122

2012 1 101 603 295 063 139 728 150 207 1 291 598

2013 463 555 170 096 72 495 56 802 2 215 251

2014 1 249 364 439 506 196 846 86 492 1 005 991

2015 1 102 830 .15 352 207 .58 148 609 .18 136 513 .71 1 547 088 .36

2016 1 189 581 .36 361 116 .36 200 067 .67 233 043 .61 1 303 439 .98

2017 1 129 158 .27 403 292 .83 206 008 .44 168 128 .04 1 380 661 .41

2018 1 349 444 .05 524 081 .01 283 763 .69 313 884 .03 816 076 .21

2019 891 802 .75 189 235 .10 82 541 .97 46 179 .93 2 077 489 .24

2020
2021

SO3-1.T2: Summary table for land area under drought without class break down

Total area under drought (km²) Proportion of land under drought (%)

2000 2 196 776 .23 68 .0

2001 2 016 616 .64 62 .4

2002 2 695 655 83 .4

2003 1 394 836 43 .2

2004 1 815 731 56 .2

2005 1 148 928 35 .6

38 / 104
SO-3: To mitigate, adapt to, and manage the effects of drought in order to enhance resilience of vulnerable populations and
ecosystems.

Total area under drought (km²) Proportion of land under drought (%)

2006 1 428 892 44 .2

2007 960 546 29 .7

2008 1 243 179 38 .5

2009 2 157 157 66 .8

2010 870 880 27 .0

2011 1 027 077 31 .8

2012 1 686 601 52 .2

2013 762 949 23 .6

2014 1 972 208 61 .1

2015 1 740 160 .62 53 .9

2016 1 983 809 .01 61 .4

2017 1 906 587 .57 59 .0

2018 2 471 172 .77 76 .6

2019 1 209 759 .75 37 .5

2020 -
2021 -

Qualitative assessment:
No comments
General comments
The default data source for SO3 was used for representation as below- a) Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) monthly
precipitation products, grided data of 111 Square km. b) WorldPop data for the period 2000–2020, disaggregated by sex, grided data of
100m spatial resolution. 2. Proportion of land cover under the drought decreased from 68% to 37.5% 3. Majority of drought class falls under
mild (27.13%) followed by moderate (5.76%), severe (2.51%) and extreme (1.40%) classes.

39 / 104
SO-3: To mitigate, adapt to, and manage the effects of drought in order to enhance resilience of vulnerable populations and
ecosystems.

SO3-2 Trends in the proportion of the population exposed to drought

Drought exposure indicator

Exposure is deﬁned in terms of the number of people who are exposed to drought as calculated from the SO3-1 indicator data.
SO3-2.T1: National estimates of the percentage of the total population within each drought intensity class as
well as the total population count and the proportion of the national population exposed to drought
regardless of intensity.
Non-exposed Mild drought Moderate drought Severe drought Extreme drought Exposed population
Reporting Population Population Population Population Population Population
% % % % % %
year count count count count count count

3351722113 88 271842767 7 81178328 2 55746713 1 21715175 0 430 482 11

2000
.6 .2 .1 .5 .6 983 .4
114405724 35 150568588 46 53147575 16 8089674 2 0 0 211 805 64
2001
.1 .2 .3 .5 .0 837 .9
21118864 6 146601559 44 93024714 28 39045096 11 30561728 9 309 233 93
2002
.4 .4 .2 .8 .3 097 .6
83704670 25 123262920 37 57667308 17 42183583 12 24120614 7 247 234 74
2003
.3 .2 .4 .7 .3 425 .7
181467729 53 108802817 32 31942635 9 16665493 4 92978 0 157 503 46
2004
.5 .1 .4 .9 .0 923 .5
308315173 89 25683477 7 8110348 2 1106302 0 0 0 34 900 10
2005
.8 .5 .4 .3 .0 127 .2
258535205 74 69094708 19 17233464 5 2798139 0 0 0 89 126 25
2006
.4 .9 .0 .8 .0 311 .6
260210917 73 83960227 23 8048813 2 0 0 0 0 92 009 26
2007
.9 .8 .3 .0 .0 040 .1
231433698 64 106297677 29 12630138 3 6388978 1 0 0 125 316 35
2008
.9 .8 .5 .8 .0 793 .1
140683294 38 147288317 40 48406563 13 18773634 5 6321751 1 220 790 61
2009
.9 .7 .4 .2 .7 265 .1
333012881 90 29951363 8 2398028 0 932389 0 0 0 33 281 9
2010
.9 .2 .7 .3 .0 780 .1
172114582 46 96233878 25 59029805 15 25801088 6 18109178 4 199 173 53
2011
.4 .9 .9 .9 .9 949 .6
50066909 13 171486843 45 70001094 18 31622453 8 53112607 14 326 222 86
2012
.3 .6 .6 .4 .1 997 .7
236557073 62 105393295 27 33925542 8 4866252 1 665586 0 144 850 38
2013
.0 .6 .9 .3 .2 675 .0
134509493 34 159342503 41 53413910 13 27536718 7 11622717 3 251 915 65
2014
.8 .2 .8 .1 .0 848 .2
313958986 19 310260380 19 202029446 12 73723518 4 702264371 43 1 288 277 80
2015
.6 .4 .6 .6 .8 715 .4
29824752815 97 413871637 1 117175567 0 55374922 0 101526265 0 687 948 2
2016
.7 .4 .4 .2 .3 391 .3
385099298 38 378174394 37 127466887 12 68495817 6 43172457 4 617 309 61
2017
.4 .7 .7 .8 .3 555 .6
164542297 16 326149081 32 208646990 20 150996565 14 168610140 16 854 402 83
2018
.1 .0 .5 .8 .5 776 .9
5486343100 91 376867645 6 67611817 1 32577083 0 10105734 0 487 162 8
2019
.8 .3 .1 .5 .2 279 .2
2020 - - - - - - -
2021 - - - - - - -

SO3-2.T2: National estimates of the percentage of the female population within each drought intensity class.
Exposed female
Non-exposed Mild drought Moderate drought Severe drought Extreme drought
population
Reporting Population Population Population Population Population Population
% % % % % %
year count count count count count count

162326921 43 132498425 35 39877040 10 27212759 7 10574674 2 210 162 56

2000
.6 .6 .7 .3 .8 898 .4

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SO-3: To mitigate, adapt to, and manage the effects of drought in order to enhance resilience of vulnerable populations and
ecosystems.

Exposed female
Non-exposed Mild drought Moderate drought Severe drought Extreme drought
population
Reporting Population Population Population Population Population Population
% % % % % %
year count count count count count count

56882968 35 74089316 46 25458222 15 3948484 2 0 0 103 496 64

2001
.5 .2 .9 .5 .0 022 .5
10474737 6 72490111 44 45835210 28 19209291 11 14379102 8 151 913 93
2002
.5 .6 .2 .8 .9 714 .5
40918338 25 61147518 37 28199942 17 20653457 12 11755858 7 121 756 74
2003
.2 .6 .3 .7 .2 775 .8
89208666 53 53397578 32 15679550 9 8258881 5 46124 0 46
2004 77 382 133
.5 .1 .4 .0 .0 .5
151149946 89 12745002 7 4185095 2 576588 0 0 0 10
2005 17 506 685
.6 .6 .5 .3 .0 .4
127137275 74 33996787 19 8318211 4 1373355 0 0 0 25
2006 43 688 353
.4 .9 .9 .8 .0 .6
128128080 74 40926488 23 3998149 2 0 0 0 0 26
2007 44 924 637
.0 .6 .3 .0 .0 .0
113022544 64 52836183 30 6271054 3 3131949 1 0 0 35
2008 62 239 186
.5 .1 .6 .8 .0 .5
69128932 38 71849694 40 24141089 13 9343495 5 3107230 1 108 441 61
2009
.9 .5 .6 .3 .7 508 .1
163381587 90 14890051 8 1189208 0 463803 0 0 0 9
2010 16 543 062
.8 .3 .7 .3 .0 .2
84197866 46 47267084 25 29202706 16 12752916 7 8943127 4 53
2011 98 165 833
.2 .9 .0 .0 .9 .8
24823297 13 83526403 45 34008530 18 15803562 8 26651336 14 159 989 86
2012
.4 .2 .4 .6 .4 831 .6
115591412 61 52265789 27 16737016 8 2389429 1 328952 0 38
2013 71 721 186
.7 .9 .9 .3 .2 .3
66232336 34 77793790 41 26397820 13 13611778 7 5736530 3 123 539 65
2014
.9 .0 .9 .2 .0 918 .1
152934649 32 150590442 32 96785889 20 35866021 7 34357137 7 317 599 67
2015
.5 .0 .6 .6 .3 489 .5
143704072 30 199519559 41 56936761 11 27313031 5 50802527 10 334 571 70
2016
.0 .7 .9 .7 .6 878 .0
186842409 38 182944330 37 62169721 12 33186013 6 21010746 4 299 310 61
2017
.4 .6 .8 .8 .3 810 .6
80710950 16 158604209 32 100647909 20 72884081 14 81432925 16 413 569 83
2018
.3 .1 .4 .7 .5 124 .7
266180817 53 183068761 36 32600851 6 15724969 3 4983967 1 236 378 47
2019
.0 .4 .5 .1 .0 548 .0
2020 - - - - - - -
2021 - - - - - - -

SO3-2.T3: National estimates of the percentage of the male population within each drought intensity class.
Exposed male
Non-exposed Mild drought Moderate drought Severe drought Extreme drought
population
Reporting Population Population Population Population Population Population
% % % % % %
year count count count count count count

172845290 44 139344342 35 41301288 10 28533954 7 11140501 2 220 320 56

2000
.0 .4 .5 .3 .8 085 .0
57522756 34 76479272 46 27689353 16 4141190 2 0 0 108 309 65
2001
.7 .1 .7 .5 .0 815 .3
10644127 6 74111448 44 47189504 28 19835805 11 16182626 9 157 319 93
2002
.3 .1 .1 .8 .6 383 .7
42786332 25 62115402 36 29467366 17 21530126 12 12364756 7 125 477 74
2003
.4 .9 .5 .8 .3 650 .6
92259063 53 55405239 32 16263085 9 8406612 4 46854 0 46
2004 80 121 790
.5 .1 .4 .9 .0 .5
157165227 90 12938475 7 3925253 2 529714 0 0 0 10
2005 17 393 442
.0 .4 .2 .3 .0 .0

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SO-3: To mitigate, adapt to, and manage the effects of drought in order to enhance resilience of vulnerable populations and
ecosystems.

Exposed male
Non-exposed Mild drought Moderate drought Severe drought Extreme drought
population
Reporting Population Population Population Population Population Population
% % % % % %
year count count count count count count

131397930 74 35097921 19 8915253 5 1424784 0 0 0 25

2006 45 437 958
.3 .8 .0 .8 .0 .7
132082837 73 43033739 24 4050664 2 0 0 0 0 26
2007 47 084 403
.7 .0 .3 .0 .0 .3
118411154 65 53461494 29 6359084 3 3257029 1 0 0 34
2008 63 077 607
.2 .5 .5 .8 .0 .8
71554362 38 75438623 41 24265474 13 9430139 5 3214521 1 112 348 61
2009
.9 .0 .2 .1 .7 757 .1
169631294 91 15061312 8 1208820 0 468586 0 0 0 9
2010 16 738 718
.0 .1 .6 .3 .0 .0
87916716 46 48966794 25 29827099 15 13048172 6 9166051 4 101 008 53
2011
.5 .9 .8 .9 .9 116 .5
25243612 13 87960440 45 35992564 18 15818891 8 26461271 13 166 233 86
2012
.2 .9 .8 .3 .8 166 .8
120965661 62 53127506 27 17188526 8 2476823 1 336634 0 37
2013 73 129 489
.3 .4 .9 .3 .2 .7
68277157 34 81548713 41 27016090 13 13924940 7 5886187 3 128 375 65
2014
.7 .5 .7 .1 .0 930 .3
161024337 32 159669938 32 105243557 21 37857497 7 35869300 7 338 640 67
2015
.2 .0 .1 .6 .2 292 .8
154543456 30 214352078 42 60238806 11 28061891 5 50723738 10 353 376 69
2016
.4 .2 .9 .5 .0 513 .6
198256889 38 195230064 37 65297166 12 35309804 6 22161711 4 317 998 61
2017
.4 .8 .6 .8 .3 745 .6
83831347 16 167544872 31 107999081 20 78112484 14 87177215 16 440 833 84
2018
.0 .9 .6 .9 .6 652 .0
282453493 53 193798884 36 35010966 6 16852114 3 5121767 1 250 783 47
2019
.0 .3 .6 .2 .0 731 .0
2020 - - - - - - -
2021 - - - - - - -

Qualitative assessment
Interpretation of the indicator
No comments.
General comments
1. The total population exposed to non-drought areas decreased in the reporting period.

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SO-3: To mitigate, adapt to, and manage the effects of drought in order to enhance resilience of vulnerable populations and
ecosystems.

SO3-3 Trends in the degree of drought vulnerability

Drought Vulnerability Index

SO3-3.T1: National estimates of the Drought Vulnerability Index

Year Total country-level DVI value (tier 1) Male DVI value (tiers 2 and 3 only) Female DVI value (tiers 2 and 3 only)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017

2018 6 .71

2019
2020
2021

Method

Which tier level did you use to compute the DVI?

☒ Tier 1 Vulnerability Assessment ⓘ

☐ Tier 2 Vulnerability Assessment ⓘ
☐ Tier 3 Vulnerability Assessment ⓘ
Qualitative assessment
SO3-3.T2: Interpretation of the indicator

Change in the indicator Comments

SO3-3 (default DVI) Drought Vulnerability Index (DVI) was estimated using Tier1 approach.

General comments
No comments.

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SO-3: To mitigate, adapt to, and manage the effects of drought in order to enhance resilience of vulnerable populations and
ecosystems.

SO3 Voluntary Targets

SO3-VT.T1

Target Year Level of application Status of target achievement Comments

General comments
It is at the consultation phase and yet to be ﬁxed.

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SO4-1 Trends in carbon stocks above and below
ground
Soil organic carbon stocks
Trends in carbon stock above and below ground is a multi-purpose indicator used to measure progress towards both strategic objectives 1 and 4.
Quantitative data and a qualitative assessment of trends in this indicator are reported under strategic objective 1, progress indicator SO1-3.

45 / 104
SO-4: To generate global environmental beneﬁts through effective implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat
Desertiﬁcation.

SO4-2 Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species

SO4-2.T1: National estimates of the Red List Index of species survival

Year Red List Index Lower Bound Upper Bound Comment

2000 0 .75169662 0 .731187711 0 .769172624

2001 0 .747618164 0 .728588619 0 .762092127

2002 0 .742355853 0 .725394862 0 .756934067

2003 0 .738452991 0 .721908446 0 .753057538

2004 0 .733984832 0 .719899795 0 .748502114

2005 0 .730609558 0 .717161571 0 .74306327

2006 0 .725703648 0 .713152911 0 .738910663

2007 0 .721924856 0 .709010602 0 .734983455

2008 0 .717641622 0 .704817265 0 .73054324

2009 0 .714407125 0 .700226199 0 .727407572

2010 0 .70969273 0 .694880825 0 .723515515

2011 0 .706954534 0 .689322289 0 .720693595

2012 0 .702819146 0 .682414521 0 .718422683

2013 0 .698470317 0 .67508481 0 .715992518

2014 0 .695021528 0 .672513718 0 .71440587

2015 0 .690165592 0 .663586466 0 .71167476

2016 0 .686599371 0 .654353971 0 .710423881

2017 0 .682754428 0 .648736791 0 .710045084

2018 0 .678970761 0 .643014426 0 .70810426

2019 0 .675892333 0 .635103316 0 .707450913

2020 0 .67076859 0 .624854804 0 .70582721

Qualitative assessment
SO4-2.T2: Interpretation of the indicator

Drivers: Direct Drivers: Indirect Which levers are being used to reverse Responses that led
Change in
(Choose one or (Choose one or negative trends and enable to positive RLI Comments
the indicator
more items) more items) transformative change? trends

General comments
1. The data was procured through IUCN available at https://www.iucnredlist.org/search 2. The RLI value in the year 2019 decreased to 0.67
as compared to the RLI value of 0.75 in the year 2000.

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SO-4: To generate global environmental beneﬁts through effective implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat
Desertiﬁcation.

SO4-3 Proportion of important sites for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity that are
covered by protected areas, by ecosystem type

SO4-3.T1: National estimates of the average proportion of Terrestrial KBAs covered by protected areas (%)

Year Protected Areas Coverage(%) Lower Bound Upper Bound Comments

2000 17.46 17 .34 17 .46

2001 17.46 17 .34 17 .46

2002 17.46 17 .34 17 .46

2003 17.46 17 .34 17 .46

2004 17.56 17 .44 17 .56

2005 17.56 17 .44 17 .56

2006 17.56 17 .44 17 .56

2007 17.56 17 .44 17 .56

2008 17.6 17 .5 17 .6

2009 17.6 17 .5 17 .6

2010 17.6 17 .5 17 .6

2011 17.6 17 .5 17 .6

2012 20.65 20 .64 20 .65

2013 20.65 20 .64 20 .65

2014 20.71 20 .7 20 .71

2015 20.71 20 .7 20 .71

2016 20.72 20 .72 20 .72

2017 20.72 20 .72 20 .72

2018 20.72 20 .72 20 .72

2019 20.72 20 .72 20 .72

2020 20.72 20 .72 20 .72

Qualitative assessment
SO4-3.T2: Interpretation of the indicator

Qualitative Assessment Comment

General comments
There was a marginal increase in the protected area during year 2020 as compared to year 2000 by 3.26%.

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SO-4: To generate global environmental beneﬁts through effective implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat
Desertiﬁcation.

SO4 Voluntary Targets

SO4-VT.T1

Target Year Level of application Status of target achievement Comments

Complementary information
It is at the consultation phase and yet to be ﬁxed.

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SO-5: To mobilize substantial and additional ﬁnancial and non-ﬁnancial resources to support the implementation of the
Convention by building effective partnerships at global and national level

SO5-1 Bilateral and multilateral public resources

Tier 1: Please provide information on the international public resources provided and received for the
implementation of the Convention, including information on trends.
Trends in international bilateral and multilateral public resources provided

Up ↑

Stable ←→

Down ↓

Unknown ∾

Trends in international bilateral and multilateral public resources received

Up ↑

Stable ←→

Down ↓

Unknown ∾

As per the default data the committed and disbursed amount was $ 453266608.90 and $ 326634911.80. An amount of $18806507.00 was
mobilized through public interventions. The default data table further reveals that countries like Germany, Finland , Japan, UK, Spain,
Canada along with EU Institution, GEF, committed $147466845.1 out of which $207798152.47 were disbursed during 2016-2019 for various
projects related to climate change and DLDD for implementation of the Convention.
As stated above
Tier 2: Table 1 Financial resources provided and received

Total Amount USD

Provided / Received Year Committed Disbursed / Received
Committed Disbursed
Provided 2016 0 0

Committed Disbursed
Provided 2017 0 0

Committed Disbursed
Provided 2018 0 0

Committed Disbursed
Provided 2019 0 0

Committed Received
Received 2016 8 182 658 .00 79 621 340 .84

Committed Received
Received 2017 18 300 301 .10 52 851 521 .70

Committed Received
Received 2018 108 352 851 .00 32 463 233 .31

Committed Received
Received 2019 12 631 035 .00 42 862 056 .62

Total resources provided: 0 0

Total resources received: 147 466 845 .1 207 798 152 .47

Documentation box

Explanation

Year 2016-2019

Recipient / Provider Recipient

Title of project, programme, activity or other

Total Amount USD 355264997.57

49 / 104
SO-5: To mobilize substantial and additional ﬁnancial and non-ﬁnancial resources to support the implementation of the
Convention by building effective partnerships at global and national level

Explanation

Sector Others

Capacity Building Yes

Technology Transfer Yes

Gender Equality Yes

Channel Bilateral / Multilateral

Type of ﬂow ODA

Financial Instrument Grant /Loan

Type of support Direct / Indirect

Amount mobilised through public interventions 18806507.00

Additional Information

General comments
• Ministry of Finance, Dept. of Economic Affairs, Economic Division(Climate Change Finance Unit) provided $2,823.23 through JICA, WB,
GEF India for 7projects. • Ministry of Environment Forest & Climate Change, India facilitated an amount of $974,314,510.35 through GEF
Trust Fund, JICA, GCF for 6 projects. • India's new initiative for scaling up land restoration efforts under Mahatma Gandhi National Rural
Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) having annual budget of USD 9 billion will help in restoring 26 million hectares of degraded
land and improve livelihoods coupled with short term and long term beneﬁts to the local communities.

50 / 104
SO-5: To mobilize substantial and additional ﬁnancial and non-ﬁnancial resources to support the implementation of the
Convention by building effective partnerships at global and national level

SO5-2 Domestic public resources

Tier 1: Please provide information on the domestic public expenditures, including subsidies, and revenues,
including taxes, directly and indirectly related to the implementation of the Convention, including information
on trends.
Trends in domestic public expenditures and national level ﬁnancing for activities relevant to the implementation of the Convention

Up ↑

Stable ←→

Down ↓

Unknown ∾

Trends in domestic public revenues from activities related to the implementation of the Convention

Up ↑

Stable ←→

Down ↓

Unknown ∾

National Mission for a Green India (GIM) is one of the eight Missions under the National Action Plan on Climate Change. It aims at
protecting, restoring and enhancing India’s forest cover and responding to Climate Change. The target under the Mission is 10 m ha on
forest and non-forest lands for increasing the forest/tree cover and to improve the quality of existing forest, thus helping in reducing land
degradation. All the states are being encouraged for participating in implementing GIM. India has allocated Rs.298.09 and utilized
Rs.233.43 crores from FY 2018 to 2021.
Tier 2: Table 2 Domestic public resources

Year Amounts Additional Information

Government expenditures
Directly related to combat DLDD

2018 233 .43 India has allocated Rs.298.09 and utilized Rs.233.43 crores from FY 2018 to
Indirectly related to combat DLDD
2021.

Subsidies
Subsidies related to combat
DLDD
Total expenditures / total per year

Additional
Year Amounts
Information
Government revenues
Environmental taxes for the conservation of land resources and taxes related to combat
DLDD

Total revenues / total per year

Documentation box

Explanation

Hindustan Unilever Foundation, CLP Khandke Wind Energy Pvt.Ltd., IndusInd Bank,Deutsche Bank,Mumbai,
Government expenditures Rotary Club of Poona Charitable Trust,Bread for the World Protestant Development Service, HDFC
Bank,Ltd.,Larsen & Toubro Ltd.,Credit Suisse Securities,(India) Pvt.Ltd., Eaton India Foundation

Subsidies
Government revenues
Domestic resources directly
or indirectly related to Indirectly
combat DLDD

51 / 104
SO-5: To mobilize substantial and additional ﬁnancial and non-ﬁnancial resources to support the implementation of the
Convention by building effective partnerships at global and national level

Has your country set a target for increasing and mobilizing domestic resources for the implementation of the Convention?
Yes

General comments
India’s population is projected to reach 1.7 billion by 2050. About 2 billion hectares of land – an area over three times the size of India – are
degraded, but can be restored back to health. India is one of the ﬁrst countries to commit to the 2030 Sustainable Development Goal target
of achieving land degradation neutrality (LDN). India would raise its ambition of the total area that would be restored from its land
degradation status from 21 million hectares to 26 million hectares between 2020 and 2030.

52 / 104
SO-5: To mobilize substantial and additional ﬁnancial and non-ﬁnancial resources to support the implementation of the
Convention by building effective partnerships at global and national level

SO5-3 International and domestic private resources

Tier 1: Please provide information on the international and domestic private resources mobilized by the
private sector of your country for the implementation of the Convention, including information on trends.
Trends in international private resources

Up ↑

Stable ←→

Down ↓

Unknown ∾

Trends in domestic private resources

Up ↑

Stable ←→

Down ↓

Unknown ∾

Tier 2: Table 3 International and domestic private resources

Title of project, programme, activity Total Amount Financial Type of Additional

Year Recipient
or other USD Instrument institution Information
Total 0

Please provide methodological information relevant to data presented in table 3

Has your country taken measures to encourage the private sector as well as non-governmental organizations,
foundations and academia to provide international and domestic resources for the implementation of the
Convention?
General comments

53 / 104
SO-5: To mobilize substantial and additional ﬁnancial and non-ﬁnancial resources to support the implementation of the Convention by building effective
partnerships at global and national level

SO5-4 Technology transfer

Tier 1: Please provide information relevant to the resources provided, received for the transfer of technology for the
implementation of the Convention, including information on trends.
Trends in international bilateral and multilateral public resources provided

Up ↑

Stable ←→

Down ↓

Unknown ∾

Trends in international bilateral and multilateral public resources received

Up ↑

Stable ←→

Down ↓

Unknown ∾

Tier 2: Table 4 Resources provided and received for technology transfer measures or activities

Title of Status Use,

Timeframe
project, Description Activities of impact
Provided Recipient Type of of Additional
Year programme, Amount and Sector undertaken measure and
Received Provider technology measure Information
activity or objectives by or estimated
or activity
other activity results
Total provided: 0 Total received: 0

Please provide methodological information relevant to data presented in table 4

Include information on underlying assumptions, deﬁnitions and methodologies used to identify and report on technology transfer
support provided and/or received and/or required. Please include links to relevant documentation.
Please provide information on the types of new or current technologies required by your country to address desertiﬁcation, land
degradation and drought (DLDD), and the challenges encountered in acquiring or developing such technologies.
General comments

54 / 104
SO-5: To mobilize substantial and additional ﬁnancial and non-ﬁnancial resources to support the implementation of the
Convention by building effective partnerships at global and national level

SO5-5 Future support for activities related to the implementation of the Convention

SO5-5.1: Planned provision and mobilization of domestic public and private resources
Please provide information relevant to the planned provision and mobilization of domestic resources for the
implementation of the Convention, including information relevant to indicator SO5-2, as well as information
on projected levels of public financial resources, target sectors and planned domestic policies.
SO5-5.2: Planned provision and mobilization of international public and private resources
Please provide information relevant to the planned provision and mobilization of international resources for
the implementation of the Convention, including information on projected levels of public financial resources
and support to capacity building and transfer of technology, target regions or countries, and planned
programmes, policies and priorities.
SO5-5.3: Resources needed
Please provide information relevant to the financial resources needed for the implementation of the
Convention, including on the projects and regions which needs most support and on which your country has
focused to the greatest extent.
General comments

55 / 104
IF: Implementation Framework

Financial and Non-Financial Sources

Increasing the mobilization of resources:

Would you like to share an experience on how your country has increased the mobilization of resources within the reporting
period?

Yes

During the reporting period, has your country established or helped establish policies and enabling environments to promote
and/or implement solutions to combat desertiﬁcation/land degradation and mitigate the effects of drought?

Yes

Synergies:

From your perspective, has your country leveraged synergies and integrated DLDD into national plans related to other MEAs,
particularly the other Rio Conventions and other international commitments?

Yes

Your country's actions were aimed at (please check all that apply):

☒ Leveraging DLDD with other national plans related to the other Rio Conventions
☐ Integrating DLDD into national plans
☒ Leveraging synergies with other strategies to combat DLDD
☐ Integrating DLDD into other international commitments
☐ Other (please specify)

Use the space below to describe your country's experience.

India has prepared its National REDD+ Strategy. The Strategy builds upon existing national circumstances which have been updated in line
with India’s National Action Plan on Climate Change, Green India Mission and India’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to UNFCCC.

Do you consider this experience a success and, if so, what do you consider the reasons behind this success (or lack thereof)?

What were the challenges faced, if any?

What would you consider to be the lessons learned?

Mainstreaming desertiﬁcation, land degradation and drought:

From your perspective, did your country take speciﬁc actions to mainstream, DLDD in economic, environmental and social
policies, with a view to increasing the impact and effectiveness of the implementation of the Convention?

Yes

57 / 104
IF: Implementation Framework

Drought-related policies:

Has your country established or is your country establishing national policies, measures and governance for drought
preparedness and management?

Yes

Use the space below to describe your country's experience.

1. The Manual for Drought Management (2016) provides use of modern technology in monitoring/ determination of drought. It has
introduced various scientific indices and parameters for more accurate assessment and monitoring of drought. The manual also suggests
a system for drought management policy and mitigation through various programmes to be implemented by the State Governments. 2. The
Crisis Management Plan (CMP) for Drought focuses on drought management interventions required during the time of crisis. It delineates
the roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders, including Central and State Governments and their agencies in managing the
calamity. The CMP provides a crisis management framework to identify phases of the crisis and the strategic response corresponding to
each such phase. The plan also provides for a Strategic Activity Planner, which acts as a ready reckoner for critical steps that need to be
taken in different times of the year with respect to drought preparedness, drought reporting and drought response and the agencies
responsible for the identified activities. 3. Several Central Government Schemes/Programmes have evolved over time to address the need
for medium and long-term drought mitigation requirements. Notable among them are Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment
Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS), Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP), subsuming erstwhile Drought Prone Area
Programme (DPAP)), National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP), Swarna-Jayanthi Grameen Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY), Rashtriya
Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY), Fodder & Feed Development Scheme etc. Besides, various area development programmes by State
Governments either through their own resources or with Government of India’s support like the Backward Region Grant Fund (BRGF), and
Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF) are contributing significantly to enhance drought resilience. Central and State Governments
continue to consider further possibilities of reorienting/ synergizing regular development programs for achieving a robust drought-resilient
regime.

Do you consider this experience a success and, if so, what do you consider the reasons behind this success (or lack thereof)?

What were the challenges faced, if any?

What would you consider to be the lessons learned?

Has your country supported other countries in establishing policies, measures and governance for drought preparedness and
management, in accordance with the mandate of the Convention?

Yes

58 / 104
IF: Implementation Framework

Action on the Ground

Yes

Alternative livelihoods:

Does your country promote alternative livelihoods practice in the context of DLDD?

Yes

Could you list some practices implemented at country level to promote alternative livelihoods?

☒ Crop diversiﬁcation
☒ Agroforestry practices
☒ Rotational grazing
☒ Rain-fed and irrigated agricultural systems
☒ Small vegetable gardens
☒ Production of artisanal goods
☒ Renewable energy generation
☒ Eco-tourism
☒ Production of medicinal and aromatic plants
☒ Aquaculture using recycled wastewater
☐ Other (please specify)

60 / 104
IF: Implementation Framework

Use the space below to describe your country's experience.

1. The Central Government schemes viz. Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY), the Rainfed Area Development Programme
(RADP), National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP) are focused towards the livelihood of rural stake holders- The components of
PMKSY are as follows, which are being implemented by Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India(GoI). a) Accelerated Irrigation Beneﬁt
Programme with the focus on faster completion of ongoing major and medium irrigation projects. b) Har Khet Ko Pani which deals with
source augmentation, distribution, ground water development, lift irrigation, diversion of water from water plenty to water scarce areas,
supplementing rain water harvesting, repair, restoration, renovation of traditional water bodies etc. c) Per Drop More Crop which focuses on
enhancing water use eﬃciency at farm level through Micro Irrigation viz Drip and Sprinkler Irrigation System. Department of Agriculture and
Farmers Welfare besides promoting micro Irrigation also supports micro level water storage or water conservation/management activities
as other interventions to supplement source creation for Micro Irrigation. d) Watershed development focuses on ridge area treatment,
drainage line treatment, soil and moisture conservation, water harvesting structure, livelihood support activities and other watershed works
in rainfed/degraded areas. A number of water harvesting structures like check dams, nala bunds, percolation tanks, farm ponds etc., are
being constructed under these projects. 2. Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change is utilizing the vast network and expertise of
Environmental Information System (ENVIS) Centres for skill development in environment, forest sector under Green Skill Development
Programme (GSDP). The components of regenerative agriculture, eco-tourism and protected area management represent an opportunity to
bring young people back to rural areas with the prospect of secure and stable livelihoods.

Do you consider this experience a success and, if so, what do you consider the reasons behind this success (or lack thereof)?

What were the challenges faced, if any?

What would you consider to be the lessons learned?

Do you consider your country to be taking special measures to engage women and youth in promoting alternative livelihoods?

Yes

Please elaborate

1. Mahatma Gandhi NREGS is a gender-positive programme which promotes the participation of women by providing wage parity with men,
provision of separate schedules of rates of wages for women, facilities for crèche, work-side sheds for children and child care services. 2.
The Green Skill Development Programme (GSDP) provides an opportunity to bring youth back to rural areas with the prospect of secure and
stable livelihood for promoting regenerative agriculture, eco-tourism and protected area management.
Establishing knowledge sharing systems:

Has your country established systems for sharing information and knowledge and facilitating networking on best practices and
approaches to drought management?

Yes

Please use this space to share/list the established systems available in your country for sharing information and knowledge
and facilitating networking on best practices and approaches to drought management.

All the concerned Ministries of the Government of India (GoI) have their own website and portal being managed by National Informatics
Centre, which is primarily used for sharing information and knowledge and facilitating networking.

Do you consider this experience a success and, if so, what do you consider the reasons behind this success (or lack thereof)?

61 / 104
IF: Implementation Framework

What were the challenges faced, if any?

What would you consider to be the lessons learned?

Do you consider that your country has implemented speciﬁc actions that promote women’s access to knowledge and
technology?

Yes

Please elaborate

National Policy for the Empowerment of Women, 2001 is to bring about the advancement, development and empowerment of women. The
objectives are- (a) Creating an enabling environment through positive economic and social policies for full development of women to realize
their full potential. b) Empowerment of women in the Watershed Committees involve them in planning, implementation and maintenance of
watershed interventions. Women-based community organizations such as Self-Help Groups, User Groups and farmer producer
organizations are formed and nurtured while implementing the watershed programs.

Do you consider this experience a success and, if so, what do you consider the reasons behind this success (or lack thereof)?

What were the challenges faced, if any?

What would you consider to be the lessons learned?

62 / 104
Other ﬁles for Reporting

India - SO5-1 recipient Download 113.9 KB

Resources received for bilateral and multilateral public resources Download 24.5 KB

Table Domestic Public Resources Download 15.7 KB

Year wise and State wise funds allocated and utilized (as per utilization certiﬁcates furnished by Download 19.3 KB

Table Bilateral Mutilateral Public Resources Download 21.1 KB

SO1-4 T4 all rows (483 hotspots) Download 8.5 KB

63 / 104
India – SO1-1.M1
Land cover in the initial year of the baseline period

Legend

Projection: EPSG:4326 (WGS 84)

000 500
500
500km
km
km 1000
1000
1000km
km
km

000 500
500
500km
km
km 1000
1000
1000km
km
km

Source Data Credits

• The Male population exposed to drought in epoch 5 data displayed on this map was provided by the Government of India.

104 / 104

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