SYLLABUS BOTANY B.Sc.

PART-III
Scheme :
Theory
Duration Max. Marks Min. Pass Marks
Paper - I Ecology and Phytogeography 3 hrs. 50
Paper - II Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 3 hrs. 50
Paper-Ill Molecular Biology and Biotechnology 3 hrs. 50 54
Practicals : Based on Paper I,II and III 5 hrs. 75 27
(One day)
PAPER 1 – ECOLOGY AND PHYTOGEOGRAPHY
Unit-I
Plant Ecology: Definition, scope, branches, Ecological factor affect-
ing the vegetation. Ecosystem: Structure, its biotic and abiotic compo-
nents, food chain and food web, ecological pyramids, energy flow, bio-
geochemical cycles.
Unit-II
Productivity: Primary and secondary productivity and their measurements
Plant succession: causes. Process types: Hydrosere, Xerosere (Lithosere and Psammosere).
Community : Structure and development

Unit-III
Pollution of air, water, Noise, their causes, consequences and control.
Resources: Renewable and non-renewable, management problem of
depletion of natural vegetation; endangered plants. Red data book. National
parks and sanctuaries.
Unit-IV
Plant adaptations: Hydrophytes, Xerophytes and Halophytes (morpho-
logical, anatomical and physiological adaptations).
Ecology of Rajasthan desert.
Unit-V
Biodiversity Phytogeography Introduction,
continuous and discontinuous distribution, Phytogeography of India,
Vegentational regions of India,. Plant indicators.
 PAPER II- PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
Unit-I
Osmosis, plasmolysis, deplasmolysis Adsorption. Absorption of water. Ascent of
sap. Concept of water potential. Transpiration (mechanism of opening &closing of stomata ) factors affecting
transpiration and its importance Role of macro and micro elements.

Unit-II
Photosynthesis: Photosynthetic pigments (Chlorophylls, caratenoids and
phycobilins)- structure and function. Light reactions mechanism of car-
bon fixation in C3 and C4 plants. Brief description of C.A.M. plants.
, compensation point. Factors affecting phosynthesis.
Unit-Ill
Respiration: Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport system and
oxidative phosphorylation, Photo-respiration factors affecting respiration. Fats: synthesis
and degradation.
Unit-IV
Plant growth regulators: Auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene and
abscissic acid, their discovery, structure, physiological effects and appli-
cations. Seed dormancy, senescence, photoperiodism and vernalization.
Unit-V
Enzmes General Characteristics, classification, mode of action, inhibi-
tors. Principles and use of following instruments, techniques: pH mea-
surement, centrifugation, colorimetry, chromatography (PC, TLC).
PAPER III - MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY
Unit-I
Gene concept from Mendel to molecular level, Genetic code, DNA
types: DNA replication and transcription in prokaryotic system. Nif gene
and nitrogen fixation.

Unit-II
Plasmids, kinds and their uses as vectors, principle of genetic engineer-
ing and recombinant DNA technology
. Tools of genetic engineering (PCR, gene sequencing ,
restriction enzymes, genomic library).
Unit-III
Interaction and expression of trans genes, Bt-toxin, Methods of gene
transfer in higher plants, vector mediated gene transfer. Brief account of
vectorless gene transfer (Particle gun, liposomes, chemical methods).
 Unit-IV
History and scope of plant tissue culture. Basic techniques and tools of
plant tissue culture. Brief amount of protoplast culture and fusion. Plant
tissue culture in agriculture and forestry. Micropropagation and somatic
embryogenesis.
unit-v
Plant tissue culture in industry, secondary plant products: defination
types and uses of alkaloids, factors affecting production of secondary
products in cultures grown in bioreactors (fermentors).
PRACTICALS
PAPER I: ECOLOGY AND PHYTOOEOORAPHY
1. Find out the density, frequency & abundance of herbaceous species
by quardrat method.
2. To find out the minimum size of the quardrat.
3. Plant adaptive modifications. Specimens/slides.
Opuntia, Euphorbia, Capparis, Leptadenia, Hydrilla, Eichhornia and
Typha.
4. Soil analysis: Field tests.
a. Soil texture b. Soil moisture c. Soil pH
5. Water analysis
a. Hardness of water b. Water temperature
c. Carbonate, bicarbonate & chloride tests.
6. Ecological instruments and their working.
a. Maximum and minimum thermometer b. Oven.
PAPER |f: PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
1. Demonstration of following colloidal systems.
Suspension, Emulsoid, Brownian movement.
2. To observe streaming movement of protoplasm (Hydriila).
3. Demonstration of phenomenon of plasmalysis using Rhoeo discolor
leaves.
4. Demonstration of phenomenon of osmosis by potato osmoscope.
5. Demonstration of unequal transpiration in dorsiventrat leaf using
cobalt chloride paper.
6. Effect of various wavelengths of light on the process of phosynthesis.
7. Demonstration that light, CO2 and chlorophyll are necessary for
photosythesis.
8. To demonstrate evolution of oxygen in photosynthesis.
 9. Determine the value of respiratory quotient (RQ) of different
respiratory substrates by Ganong's respiroscope.
10. Demonstration of respiratory enzymes (peroxidase, catalase,
dehydrogenase) in plant tissue samples.
11. Introduction and demonstration of the following instruments/
techniques-pH meter, centrifuge, calorimeter, paper chromatrography.
12. Phytochemical tests of the following: glucose, starch, proteins, fats,
tannins, ascorbic acid and anthocyanins.
PAPER |fl: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
1. Principle and application of the following- Laminar air flow/sterile bench,
autoclave, ultrafilteration.
2. Preparation of culture media for microbial growth (Nutrient agar and
P.D.A) and solutions of nutrient and growth regulators.
3. Demonstration of inoculation technique, aspetic transfer of explant
and microbial transfer techniques.
4. Demonstration of resistance sensitivity using antibiotic discs.
5. Germination of pollen of Catharanthus roseus in 10% sucrose
solution.
Marking Scheme
Time: 5 Hrs. M M. 75 Student
Reg Ex non coll.
1.Phsiology experiment 10 10
2.Ecological exercise -Morphology & anatomy
A Anatomy 04 05
B Field Exercise 05 05
3. SoiI/Water field tests 04 07
4.Experiments in tissue culture 08 08
5. Phytochemical tests (two) 08 09
6. Spots (six). Two from each paper 18 18
7. Viva-voce 10 13
8 Records 08 -
Total 75 75