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    History Notes 30

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    Marxism and socialist ideas played a significant role in challenging the Tsarist regime in Russia. Groups like the Social Democrats and Bolsheviks mobilized workers and spread Marxist ideas of class conflict between the proletariat and bourgeoisie. The Social Democrats formed in 1898 and split in 1903 into the Bolshevik and Menshevik factions, with the Bolsheviks led by Lenin believing that Russia could rush through revolutionary stages to achieve communism through a vanguard party of professional revolutionaries. Other opposition groups included the Socialist Revolutionaries who appealed to both workers and peasants, and liberal groups who sought political reforms rather than revolution.

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    History Notes 30

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    Marxism and socialist ideas played a significant role in challenging the Tsarist regime in Russia. Groups like the Social Democrats and Bolsheviks mobilized workers and spread Marxist ideas of class conflict between the proletariat and bourgeoisie. The Social Democrats formed in 1898 and split in 1903 into the Bolshevik and Menshevik factions, with the Bolsheviks led by Lenin believing that Russia could rush through revolutionary stages to achieve communism through a vanguard party of professional revolutionaries. Other opposition groups included the Socialist Revolutionaries who appealed to both workers and peasants, and liberal groups who sought political reforms rather than revolution.

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    Marxism and socialist ideas played a significant role in challenging the Tsarist regime in Russia. Groups like the Social Democrats and Bolsheviks mobilized workers and spread Marxist ideas of class conflict between the proletariat and bourgeoisie. The Social Democrats formed in 1898 and split in 1903 into the Bolshevik and Menshevik factions, with the Bolsheviks led by Lenin believing that Russia could rush through revolutionary stages to achieve communism through a vanguard party of professional revolutionaries. Other opposition groups included the Socialist Revolutionaries who appealed to both workers and peasants, and liberal groups who sought political reforms rather than revolution.

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    10 views2 pages

    History Notes 30

    Uploaded by

    yeeeet
    Marxism and socialist ideas played a significant role in challenging the Tsarist regime in Russia. Groups like the Social Democrats and Bolsheviks mobilized workers and spread Marxist ideas of class conflict between the proletariat and bourgeoisie. The Social Democrats formed in 1898 and split in 1903 into the Bolshevik and Menshevik factions, with the Bolsheviks led by Lenin believing that Russia could rush through revolutionary stages to achieve communism through a vanguard party of professional revolutionaries. Other opposition groups included the Socialist Revolutionaries who appealed to both workers and peasants, and liberal groups who sought political reforms rather than revolution.

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    History notes 30.5.

    2023

    Opposition to the Tsarist Regime

    What ideas played a significant role in challenging the exisiting order?

    What groups challeneged the exisiting order and mobilised society?

    Marxism

    Based on the Cummunist Manifesto by Marx and Engels (1848). Held that all of history had been
    shaped by a class struggle. The Manifesto acted as a call to revolution for the workers of the world.
    Engels was the son of a textiles manufacturer and saw the harm that the Industrial Revolution
    caused first-hand. Was sent to Britain for training in a factory and was horrified by the conditions by
    which the workers lived. Marx was a lawyer and philosopher, believing that history was shaped by a
    class struggle. The pair met in 1844 (and kissed a bit), then collaborated on the Manifesto and Das
    Kapital.

    “Let the ruling classes tremble at a communistic revolution. The proletarians have nothing to lose
    but their change. They have a world to win. Working men of all countries, unite. “

    Ideas of Marxism

    Class Conflict: Centred on the idea of conflict between the haves and have nots

    Historical Materialism: History is made by people

    Dialectical Materialism: Thesis-Antithesis-Synthesis

    Base and Superstructure: Belief that the ‘superstructure’, the framework of society, was held up by
    the ‘base’ of owners.

    Five stages of history – Primitive Communism, Ancient society, Feudalism, Capitalism, Socialism,
    Communism.

    Social Democrats

    Generally Marxist. Formed in 1898 under Georgi Plekhanov. Joined by Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Lenin)
    in 1900 after returning from Siberia. Tried to radicalise the party. In 1902 Lenin writes What is to be
    Done? , his first revolutionary pamphlet. Lenin was known to the Tsar after his brother was killed for
    sedition.

    In 1903 at the Second Party COnfress there was a factional split:

    - Lenin belived only true workers could join


    - Martov belived that anyone could join

    A vote was held but no consensus was met. Lenin claimed more support, naming his faction the
    Bolsheviks (Majority), even though he had less support. The Mensheviks (Minority) were just sorta
    absesnt that day..

    Bolshevisks held that:

    - Russia could rush through the final stages to get to communism


    - Only professional revolutionaires should join
    - Decisions should only be made by the central committee
    - Party shouldn’t cooperate with other groups and should aim to turn workers in to
    revolutionaires.
    - Went from *** in 1904 to 25,000 members in 1917

    Mensheviks believed that:


    - Russia was not ready for revolution

    - All revolutionaires should be able to join tha part


    - Decsistions should be made via a votew from all members of he party
    - Party should be allied with other groups to pursue better cinditions for workers
    - Trotsky was a bitchmade

    Marxism-Leninism.

    - Had to be different as Russia had not went through the stages of history
    - Wanted a pary of professional, full time revolutionaires in a precises hierarchy
    - Believed Imperialsim was the highest stage of capitalism and would lead to a world war over
    colonies.
    - Workers would rise up and take over in a dictatorship of the proletariat.
    - The war would deepedn clase conflict and make a better time for revolution

    Socail Revolutionaires

    - Formed out of the populist movement or Narodniks to include peasants and proletariant.
    - Appealed to workers with ideas like minimum wages, universal sufferage and an 8 hour day
    (YEAH UNION STRONG YEAH CFMEU YEAH VICTORIA 1858).
    - Weake

    The Liberals

    - Wanted change as a reform of da tsar.


    - Mostly middle class that have benefired dfrom the economic broom of the 1890s
    - Focused on ideas such as equality of laws and rights, universal male sufferage, and rep gov
    - Split in to two froups:

    The octoberists

    - Estabp9seehd ovtober 1905


    - Loyal to the tsar
    - Generally con

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