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    Expanded Program On Immunization

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    The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) was launched in 1976 to control preventable childhood diseases like tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hepatitis B, and measles. EPI aims to immunize entire communities using mass approaches integrated into existing health services. It focuses on target setting, vaccine logistics, education, and program evaluation. EPI provides immunization schedules for infants and women to maximize immunity through routine doses before age one and boosters for tetanus protection during childbearing years.

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    Expanded Program On Immunization

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    The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) was launched in 1976 to control preventable childhood diseases like tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hepatitis B, and measles. EPI aims to immunize entire communities using mass approaches integrated into existing health services. It focuses on target setting, vaccine logistics, education, and program evaluation. EPI provides immunization schedules for infants and women to maximize immunity through routine doses before age one and boosters for tetanus protection during childbearing years.

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    Expanded Program on Immunization

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    The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) was launched in 1976 to control preventable childhood diseases like tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hepatitis B, and measles. EPI aims to immunize entire communities using mass approaches integrated into existing health services. It focuses on target setting, vaccine logistics, education, and program evaluation. EPI provides immunization schedules for infants and women to maximize immunity through routine doses before age one and boosters for tetanus protection during childbearing years.

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    12K views3 pages

    Expanded Program On Immunization

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    The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) was launched in 1976 to control preventable childhood diseases like tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hepatitis B, and measles. EPI aims to immunize entire communities using mass approaches integrated into existing health services. It focuses on target setting, vaccine logistics, education, and program evaluation. EPI provides immunization schedules for infants and women to maximize immunity through routine doses before age one and boosters for tetanus protection during childbearing years.

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    The Nurse's Academy http://nurseacademy.blogspot.

    com/

    EXPANDED PROGRAM ON IMMUNIZATION [EPI]


    (A research assignment)

    The Expanded Program on Immunization was launched in July 1976 by the


    Department of Health in cooperation with the World Health Organization and the
    UNICEF. It aims to control the occurrence of preventable diseases especially of the
    children. Furthermore its original objective was to reduce the morbidity and mortality
    among infants and children caused by the six childhood immunizable diseases:
    Tuberculosis, Diptheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Hepatitis B, and Measles [Polio can also
    be added].

    EPI has different principles, as follows:


    1. The program is based on epidemiological situation; schedules are drawn on
    the basis of the occurrence and characteristic epidemiological features of the
    disease.
    2. The whole community rather than just the individual is to be protected, thus
    mass approached is utilized.
    3. Immunization is a basic health service and such it is integrated in to the
    health services being provided for by the Rural Health Unit.

    EPI also has some elements –


    1. Target setting
    2. Cold chain logistic management
    3. Information, Education and Communication
    4. Assessment and evaluation of the program’s overall performance
    5. Surveillance, studies and research
    The Nurse's Academy http://nurseacademy.blogspot.com/

    Immunization Schedule
    This Routine Immunization Schedule for Infants must be used in order to
    provide maximal immunity to the seven EPI diseases before the child’s first birthday.

    Minimum
    Vaccine Minimum Number Interval Reasons
    Age at 1st of Dose Between
    Dose Doses
    1. BCG Birth or any 1 BCG given at the earliest
    time after possible age protects
    birth against the possibility of
    infection from other
    family members
    2. DPT 6 weeks 3 4 weeks An early start with DPT
    reduces the chance of
    severe pertussis
    3. OPV 6 weeks 3 4 weeks The extent of protection
    against polio is increased
    the earlier OPV is given
    4. Hepatitis B 6 weeks 3 4 weeks An early start of Hepa B
    reduces the chance of
    being infected and
    becoming a carrier
    5. Measles 9 months 1 At least 80% of measles
    can be prevented by
    immunization at this age.

    Note: BCG immunization shall be given to all school entrants both in private and public
    school regardless of the presence or absence of BCG scar.
    The Nurse's Academy http://nurseacademy.blogspot.com/

    In addition, there is also the Tetanus Toxoid Immunization Schedule for


    Women.

    Vaccine Minimum Age Percent Duration of Protection


    Interval Protected
    TT1 As early as
    possible during 80%
    pregnancy
    TT2 At least 4 weeks 80% Infants born to the mother
    later will be protected from neo-
    natal tetanus

    Gives 3 years protection for


    the mother
    TT3 At least 6 90% Infants born to the mother
    months later will be protected from neo-
    natal tetanus

    Gives 5 years protection for


    the mother
    TT4 At least 1 year 99% Infants born to the mother
    later will be protected from neo-
    natal tetanus

    Gives 10 years protection


    for the mother
    TT5 At least 1 year 99% Gives lifetime protection for
    later the mother

    All infants born to that


    mother will be protected
    Note: If the woman received DPT in infancy 3 or 3 doses of DPT during infancy, this should
    be considered as TT1 and TT2. Succeeding doses will be TT3 and so forth.
    Reference:

    Reyala, et.al. Community Health Nursing Services in the Philippines. Community


    Health Nursing Section, National League of Philippine Government Nurses,
    Inc., 2000. pp. 108-113.

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