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Sequences

  and Series WBJEE Crash Course


Questions with Answer Keys MathonGo

Q1 2022 (Paper 1)
n
Let a n = (1
2
+ 2
2
+ …n )
2
and b n
n
= n (n!) . Then

(1) a n < bn ∀n

(2) a n > bn ∀n

(3) a n = bn for infinitely many n

(4) a n < bn if n be even and a n > bn if n be odd

Q2 2022 (Paper 1)

If a, b, c are in G. P. and log a. − log 2b, log 2b − log 3c, log 3c − log a are in A. P., then a, b, c are the lengths
of the sides of a triangle which is

(1) acute angled


(2) obtuse angled

(3) right angled


(4) equilateral

Q3 2022 (Paper 1)

If (cot α 1) (cot α2 ) … … . (cot αn ) = 1, 0 < α1 , α2 , … . . αn < π/2 , then the maximum value of

(cos a1 ) (cos α2 ) … … (cos αn ) is given by

(1) 1

n/2
2

(2) 1

2
n

(3)
1

2n

(4) 1

Q4 2021 (Paper 1)

Consider the real valued function h : {0, 1, 2 … … 100} → R such that h(0) = 5,  h(100) = 20 and
satisfying h(p) = 1

2
{h(p + 1) + h(p − 1)} for every p = 1, 2 … .99. Then the value of h(1) is

(1) 5.15

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(2) 5.5

(3) 6
(4) 6.15

Q5 2021 (Paper 1)

Let a, b, c be real numbers, each greater than 1 , such that . If the value of b
2 3 5
logb a + logc b + loga c = 3
3 5 2

is 9 , then the value of ' a ' must be

(1) √81
3

(2) 27

(3) 18
(4) 27

Q6 2021 (Paper 1)

Three unequal positive numbers a, b, c are such that a, b, c are in G.P. while log( 5c

2a
), log(
7b

5c
), log(
2a

7b
) are

in A.P. Then a, b, c are the lengths of the sides of

(1) an isosceles triangle


(2) an equilateral triangle
(3) a scalene triangle
(4) a right-angled triangle

Q7 2020 (Paper 1)

If a and b are arbitrary positive real numbers, then the least possible value of 6a

5b
+
10b

3a
is

(1) 4
(2) 6

(3) 10

(4) 68

15

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Q8 2020 (Paper 1)

Let I(n) = n n
, J(n) = 1.3.5 … . . (2n − 1) for all (n > 1), n ∈ N, then

(1) I(n) > J(n)


(2) I(n) < J(n)
(3) I(n) = J(n)
(4) I(n) = 1

2
 J(n)

Q9 2019 (Paper 1)

The three sides of a right angled triangle are in GP (geometric progression). If the two acute angles be α and β,
then tan α and tan β are
√5+1 √5−1
(1) 2
and 2

√5+1 √5−1
(2) √ 2
and √ 2

(3) √5 and 1

√5

√5
(4) and
2

2 √5

Q10 2019 (Paper 1)

A particle starts at the origin and moves l unit horizontally to the right and reaches P , then it moves 1
1

2
unit
vertically up and 2 reaches P , then it moves unit horizontally to right and reaches P , then it moves unit
1 1
2 3
4 8

vertically down and reaches P , then it moves unit horizontally to right and reaches P and so on. Let
1
4 S
16

Pn = (xn , yn ) and lim n→∞ xn = α and lim n→∞ yn = β. Then, (α, β) is

(1) (2,3)

(2) (
4 2
, )
3 5

(3) ( 2

5
, 1)

(4) ( 4

3
, 3)

Q11 2018 (Paper 1)

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Given that n numbers of arithmetic means are inserted between two sets of numbers a, 2b and 2a, b where
a, b ∈ R . Suppose further that the mih means between these sets of numbers are same, then the ratio a : b

equals

(1) n − m + 1 : m
(2) n − m + 1 : n

(3) n : n − m + 1

(4) m : n − m + 1

Q12 2017 (Paper 1)

In a GP series consisting of positive terms, each term is equal to the sum of next two terms. Then, the common
ratio of this GP series is

(1) √5
√5−1
(2) 2

√5
(3) 2

√5+1
(4) 2

Q13 2016 (Paper 1)

If x is a positive real number different from 1 such that log a


x, logb x, logc x are in AP, then
a+c
(1) b = 2

(2) b = √ac
(3) c 2
= (ac)
loga b

(4) None of these

Q14 2016 (Paper 1)

If a, x are real numbers and |a| < 1, |x| < 1 then 1(1 + a)x + (1 + a + a 2
)x
2
+ …∞ is equal to

(1) 1

(1−a)(1−ax)

(2) (1−a)(1−x)
1

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(3) (1−x)(1−ax)
1

(4) (1+ax)(1−a)
1

Q15 2016 (Paper 1)

The sum of n terms of the following series 1 3


+ 3
3
+ 5
3
+ 7
3
+ … is

(1) n 2
(2n
2
− 1)

(2) n 3
(n − 1)

(3) n 3
+ 8n + 4

(4) 2n 4
+ 3n
2

Q16 2016 (Paper 1)

If ω is an imaginary cube root of unity, then the value of (2 − ω) (2 − ω 2 2


) + 2(3 − ω) (3 − ω )

+ … + (n − 1)(n − ω) (n − ω )
2
is
2

(1)
n 2
(n + 1) − n
4

(2) n

4
(n + 1)
2
+ n

(3)
n 2
(n + 1)
4

(4) n

4
(n + 1) − n

Q17 2016 (Paper 1)

If the first and (2n − 1) th terms of an AP, GP and HP are equal and their n th terms are respectively a, b, c,

then always

(1) a = b = c

(2) a ≥ b ≥ c
(3) a + c = b

(4) ac − b 2
= 0

Q18 2015 (Paper 1)

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Let d(n) denotes the number of divisors of n including 1 and itself. Then, d(225), d(1125) and d(640) are

(1) in AP

(2) in HP
(3) in GP

(4) consecutive integers

Q19 2014 (Paper 1)

Let f (x) = x + 1/2. Then, the number of real values of x for which the three unequal terms
f (x), f (2x), f (4x) are in HP is

(1) 1
(2) 0
(3) 3

(4) 2

Q20 2014 (Paper 1)

Let S denote the sum of the infinite series 1 + Then


8 21 40 65
+ + + + ….
2! 3! 4! 5!

(1) S < 8

(2) S > 12

(3) 8 < S < 12

(4) S = 8

Q21 2014 (Paper 1)

The minimum value of 2 sin x


+ 2
cos x
is

(1) 2 1−1/√2

(2) 2 1+1/√2

(3) 2 √2

(4) 2

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Q22 2013 (Paper 1)

Five numbers are in HP. The middle term is 1 and the ratio of the second and the fourth terms is 2: 1 . Then,

the sum of the first three terms is

(1) 11

(2) 5
(3) 2
(4) 14

Q23 2013 (Paper 1)

If a, b and c are in AP, then the straight line ax + 2by + c = 0 will always pass through a fixed point whose
coordinates are

(1) (1,-1)
(2) (-1,1)

(3) (1,-2)
(4) (-2,1)

Q24 2013 (Paper 1)

The value of 1000 [ 1

1×2
+
1

2×3
+
1

3×4
+ … +
1

999×1000
] is

(1) 1000
(2) 999
(3) 1001

(4)
1

999

Q25 2013 (Paper 1)

Six positive numbers are in GP, such that their product is 1000 . If the fourth term is 1 , then the last term is

(1) 1000
(2) 100

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(3) 1

100

(4)
1

1000

Q26 2013 (Paper 1)

Five numbers are in AP with common difference ≠ 0. If the 1 st, 3 rd and 4 th terms are in GP, then

(1) the 5th term is always 0.


(2) the 1 st term is always 0.

(3) the middle term is always 0.


(4) the middle term is always -2.

Q27 2013 (Paper 1)

Let f : R → R be such that f is injective and f (x)f (y) = f (x + y) for all x, y ∈ R, if f (x), f (y)
and f (z) are in GP , then x, y and z are in

(1) AP always
(2) GP always
(3) AP depending on the values of x, y and z

(4) GP depending on the values of x, y and z

Q28 2013 (Paper 1)

If P
1 1
= 1 + + 2
+ …
2×2 3×2

and Q = 1×2
1
+
1

3×4
+
1

5×6
+ …, then

(1) P = Q

(2) 2P = Q

(3) P = 2Q

(4) P = 4Q

Q29 2013 (Paper 1)

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2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 +2 1 +2 +3 1 +2 +3 +4
The value of the infinite series 3!
+
4!
+
5!
+ …

(1) e

(2) 5e
(3) 5e

6

1

(4) 5e

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Answer Key

Q1 (2) Q2 (2) Q3 (1) Q4 (1)

Q5 (4) Q6 (3) Q7 (1) Q8 (1)

Q9 (2) Q10 (2) Q11 (4) Q12 (2)

Q13 (3) Q14 (3) Q15 (1) Q16 (1)

Q17 (2) (4) Q18 (3) Q19 (1) Q20 (3)

Q21 (1) Q22 (1) Q23 (1) Q24 (2)

Q25 (3) Q26 (1) Q27 (1) Q28 (3)

Q29 (3)

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Hints and Solutions MathonGo

Q1

Using PMI a n > bn



[ an > bn ∀n ≥ 2 as a 1 = b1 ]

Q2
2
2b a 3c 4b 3c c 2
∵ 2 log = log + log ⇒ = ⇒ 2b = 3c ⇒ =  (common ratio) 
3c 2b a 9c
2
2b b 3

∴ Sides are a, 2a

3
,
4a

Using Cosine rule

⇒ cos A < 0 ⇒ obteuse angled tiangle

Q3

2
(cos α1 cos α2 ….cos αn )

2 2 2
= (1 + tan α1 ) (1 + tan α2 ) … … (1 + tan αn )

≥ (2 tan α1 ) (2 tan α2 ) … … . (2 tan αn ) [ AM  −  GM inequality 

n
1 n
= 2 × = 2
cot α1 cot α2 … . . cot αn

1
∴ cos α1 cos α2 … . . cos αn ≤
n/2
2

Q4

h(p) =
1

2
(h(p + 1) + h(p − 1)) ⇒ h(p − 1), h(p), h(p + 1) are in A.P.
h(100) = h(0) + 99d

20−5 15 15
⇒ = d ⇒ d = ⇒ h(1) = h(0) + d = 5 + = 5.15
99 99 99

Q5

2 ln a 3 ln b 5 ln c
+ + = 3
3 ln b 5 ln c 2 ln a

By A.M = G.M
2 ln a
= 1
3 ln b

1/2
2 3 6 3
⇒ a = b ⇒ a = (3 ) = 3 ⇒ a = 27

Q6

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2
5c 2a 7b 5c 49b
log + log = 2 log ⇒ log = log 2
2a 7b 5c 7b 25c

3 3 7
3
⇒ 5 c = 7 b ⇒ 5c = 7 b ⇒ c =  b
5

2 7 5 b
∵ b = ac = a ⋅  b ⇒ a =
5 7

7
Sides are 5b

7
, b,
5
b

Q7

Hint:
6a 10b 6a 10b 6a 10b
+ ≥ 2√ × , + ≥ 2 × 2 ≥ 4
5b 3a 5b 3a 5b 3a

Q8

Hint:
AM ≥ GM

1+3+5+7+…+(2n−1) 1 2 1
n n
> (J(n)) n , > (J(n)) n , n > J(n), I(n) > J(n)
n n

Q9

Let ΔABC be a right angled triangle at B. Let ∠A and ∠C be α and β

Since, sides are in GP so sides are a, ar, ar 2

2 2 2
AC = AB + BC
 Now,  2
2 2 2
(ar ) = a + (a ⋅ r)

2 4 2 2 2
⇒ a r = a + a r

4 2
⇒ r − r − 1 = 0

1+√5
2
⇒ r =
2

√5+1
⇒ r = √
2

BC ar
∴ tan α = =
a
AB

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√5+1
⇒ r = √
2

AB a 1
 and  tan β = = =
BC ar r

1 √5 − 1
= = √
√5+1 2

2

Q10

According to the given information in question, we can draw the situation of particle at different stages as
following

Here, x 1
= 1, x2 = 1, x3 =
5

4
, x4 =
5

4
and x 5
=
21

16

and y
1 1 3 3
y1 = 0, y2 = , y3 = , y4 = 5
=
2 2 8 8

1 1 1 1 4
∴ xn = 1 + + + …∞ = 1
= 3
=
4 2 3
4 1−
4 4

1 1
 and yn =0 + − + …∞
2 8
1 1 1

2 2 2
2
= = = =
5
1 1 5
1 − (− ) (1 + ) 4
4 4

4 2
∴ (α, β) = ( , )
3 5

Q11

2b = (n + 2) th form

= a + (n + 2 − 1)d

2b = a + (n + 1)d

b−2a
⇒ d =
n+1

th mean = 2t + m (
b−2a
∴ m )
n+1

and also, b = (n + 2) th form

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= 2a + (n + 2 − 1)d

= 2a + (n + 1)d

b − 2a
⇒ d =
n + 1

b − 2a
∴ m th mean  = 2a + m ( )
n + 1

According to the question, a + m ( 2b−a

n+1
) = 2a + m (
b−2a

n+1
)

a m
=
b n+1−m

Q12

Let a be the general term of a GP whose first term is a and common ratio is r. Now according to the question,
n

an = an+1 + an+2
n−1 n n+1
ar = ar + ar

n−1 n n+1
⇒ r = r + r

n n+1
r r
⇒ 1 = n−1
+ n−1
r r

2
⇒ 1 = r + r

2
⇒ r + r − 1 = 0

2
−1 ± √(1) − 4(1)(−1)
r =
2(1)

−1 ± √1 + 4 −1 ± √5
= =
2 2

since, GP consists only positive terms


√5−1
∴ r =
2

Q13

Given, log a
x, logb x and log c x are in AP .
∴ 2 logb x = loga x + logc x

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1 1
2 logb x = +
logx a logx c

2 log ac
x
=
log b log a log c
x x x

logx b
2 log c = (log ac)
x x
logx a

2 logx c = loga b ⋅ logx ac

2 log b
a
logx c = logx (ac)

2 log b
a
c = (ac)

Q14

We have. 1 + (1 + a)x + (1 + a + a 2
)x
2
+ …∞


2 n−1 n−1
= ∑ (1 + a + a + … + a )x
n=1

n
∞ 1−a n−1
= ∑ ( )x
n=1 1−a

n−1 n n−1
∞ x ∞ a x
= ∑ − ∑
n=1 1−a n=1 1−a

1 ∞ a ∞
n−1 n−1
= ∑ x − ∑ (ax)
1−a n=1 1−a n=1

1 2 a 2
= [(1 + x + x + … ∞)] − [{1 + ax + (ax) + … ∞}]
1−a 1−a

1 1 a
= ⋅ −
(1−a) (1−x) (1−a)(1−ax)

1
=
(1−ax)(1−x)

Q15

We have. 1 3
+ 3
3
+ 5
3
+ 7
3
+ …

3
 Now, Tn = (2n − 1)

3 2 2 3
= 8n − 3(2n) (1) + 3(2n) (0 − (π)

3 2
= 8n − 12n + 6n − 1

∴ Sn = ΣTn

2 2
8n (n+1) 12n(n+0)2n+1 6n(n+1)
= − + − n
4 6 2

2 2
= 2n (n + 1) − 2n(n + 1)(2n + 1) + 3n(n + 1) − n

2
= n [2n(n + 1) − 2(n + 1)(2n + 1) + 3(n + 1) − 1]

2 2
= n [2n (n + 1 + 2n) − 2 (2n + 3n + 1) + 3n + 3 − 1] .

3 2 2
= n [2n + 2n + 4n − 4n − 6n − 2 + 3n + 2]

3 2 2
= n [2n − n] = n (2n − 1) .

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Q16

Given,
2 2 2
(2 − ω) (2 − ω ) + 2(3 − ω) (3ω ) + … + (n − 1)(n − ω) (nω )

Now,
2
Tn = (n − 1)(n − ω) (n − ω )

2 2 3
= (n − 1) (n − nω − nω + ω )

2 3
= (n − 1) (n + n + 1) = n − 1

∴ Sn = ΣTn
2 2
n (n + 1)
3
= Σn − Σ1 = − n
4

Q17

∵ a, b and c are respectively the AM , GM and HM of first and (2n − 1) th terms. and also, we know
AM ≥ GM ≥ H M and AM ⋅ H M = GM
2

∴ a ≥ b ≥ c and a ⋅ c = b 2

Q18

Here, 225 = 3 2
× 5
2

⇒ d(225) = 3 × 3 = 9

2 3
1126 = 3 × 5

⇒ d(1125) = 3 × 4 = 12

and 640 = 2 7
× 5

⇒ d(640) = 8 × 2 = 16

Hence, 9,12 and 16 are in GP.

Q19

Given, f (x) = x + 1 2x+1


=
2 2

1
∴ f (2x) = 2x +
2

4x+1
⇒ f (2x) =
2

and f (4x) = 4x + 1

2
⇒ f (4x) =
8x+1

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since, f (x), f (2x) and f (4x) are in HP. 1

f (x)

1

f (2x)
and 1

f (4x)
are in AP.
1 1
+
1 f (x) f (4x)

⇒ =
f (2x) 2

2 2
+
2 2x+1 8x+1

⇒ =
4x+1 2

2 10x+2
⇒ − =
4x+1 (2x+1)(8x+1)

⇒ (2x + 1)(8x + 1) = (5x + 1)(4x + 1)

2 2
⇒ 16x + 10x + 1 = 20x + 9x + 1

2
⇒ 4x − x = 0 ⇒ x(4x − 1) = 0

1
⇒ x = [∵ x ≠ 0
4

Hence, one real value of x for which the thrce unequal terms are in HP.

Q20
8 40 65
Let S
21
= 1 + + + + + …
2! 3! 4! 5!

Again, let S 1 = 1 + 8 + 21 + 40 + 65 + … + Tn

and S1 = +1 + 8 + 21 + 40 + … + Tn

0 = 1 + 7 + 13 + 19 + 25 + … − Tn

Tn = 1 + 7 + 13 + 19 + 25 + … + n terms 

n
= [2(1) + (n − 1)6]
2

= n[1 + 3(n − 1)] = n(3n − 2)

3n−2
S = ∑
(n−1)!

3n−3+1
= ∑
(n−1)!

3 1
= ∑ + ∑
(n−2)! (n−1)!

1 1
= 3e + e [∵ e = 1 + + + …]
1! 2!

= 4e

We know 2 < e < 3

∴ 8 < 4e < 12

⇒ 8 < S < 12

Q21

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We know that

AM ≥ GM

sin x cos x
2 +2 sin x cos x
∴ ≥ √2 2
2

sin x cos x sin x+cos x


⇒ 2 + 2 ≥ 2√2

sin x+cos x
sin x cos x
⇒ 2 + 2 ≥ 2 × 2 2

sin x+cos x
sin x cos x 1+
⇒ 2 + 2 ≥ 2 2

But sin x + cos x = √2 sin(x + π

4
) ≥ −√ 2

√2
sin x cos x 1−
∴ 2 + 2 ≥ 2 2

1
1−
sin x cos x √2
⇒ 2 + 2 ≥ 2 , ∀x ∈ R

1
1−
Hence, minimum value is 2 √2
.

Q22

Let a − 2d, a − d, a, a + d, a + 2d are in AP . then are in HP.


1 1 1 1 1
⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅
a−2d a−d a a+d a+2d

Given, middle term = 1 ⇒ 1

a
= 1 ⇒ a = 1

and  Second term 

 Fourth term 
=
2

1 2
⇒ × a + d =
a−d 1

1
⇒ a = 3d ⇒ d = (∵ a = 1)
3

∴ Sum of first three terms = 1

2
+
1

1
+ 1 = 3 +
3

2
+ 1 =
11

2
1− 1−
3 3

Q23

Given that, a, b and c are in AP


∴ 2b = a + c

⇒ c = 2b − a

and equation of straight line is

ax + 2by + c = 0

⇒ ax + 2by + (2b − a) = 0

⇒ a(x − 1) + b(2y + 2) = a ⋅ 0 + b ⋅ 0

On comparing, we get

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x − 1 = 0 ⇒ x = 1

and 2y + 2 = 0

⇒ y = −1

Hence, the required fixed point is (1, −1)

Q24
1 1 1 1
1000 [ × + + … + ]
1×2 2×3 3×4 999×1000

1 1 1 1 1
= 1000 {(1 − ) + ( − ) + ( − )
2 2 3 3 4

1 1
+… + ( − )]
999 1000

1
= 1000 (1 − )
1000

999
= 1000 ×
1000

= 999

Q25

Let the six terms of GP are


a a a 3 5
⋅ 3
, , ar, ar , ar
r
5
r r

Now, according to the question a

r
5

a

r
3

a

r
⋅ ar ⋅ ar
3
⋅ ar
5
= 1000

6 3 2
⇒ a = (10) ⇒ a = 10

Also, given fourth term = ar = 1


2 2
⇒ a r = 1

⇒ r
2
=
1

10
… (ii)
1/2
5
∴ Last term = ar 5
= [a (r ) ]
2 2

1/2

from Eqs. (1) and (ii)]


1
= [10 × 5
] [
10

1/2
1 1
= ( 4
) =
10 100

Q26

Let the tine number is in AP are


(a − 2d), (a − d), a, (a + d), (a + 2d)

  MathonGo
www.mathongo.com
Sequences
  and Series WBJEE Crash Course
Hints and Solutions MathonGo

where, d ≠ 0
Given, 1 st, 3rd and 4 th terms are in GP.
2
⇒ a = (a − 2d)(a + d)

2 2 2
⇒ a = a − 2ad + ad − 2d

2
⇒ 2d + ad = 0 ⇒ d(2d + a) = 0

∵ d ≠ 0

∴ a + 2d = 0 ⇒ a = −2d

Hence, terms are


−4d, −3d, −2d, −d, 0

∴ The fifth term is always 0.

Q27

Let the function, f (x) = a kx


Which define in f : R → R and injective also.
Now, we have
f (x)f (y) = f (x + y)

kx ky k(x+y)
⇒ a ⋅ a = a

k(x+y) k(x+y)
⇒ a = a

∵ f (x), f (y) and f (z) are in GP


2
∴ f (y) = f (x) ⋅ f (z)

2ky kx kz
⇒ a = a ⋅ a

2ky k(x+z)
⇒ e = e

On comparing, we get 2ky = k(x + z) ⇒ 2y = x + z

⇒ x, y and z are in AP .

Q28

Given,
1 1
P = 1 + + 2
+ …
2×2 3×2

and Q =
1

1×2
+
1

3×4
+
5×6
1
+ …

1 2 3
(1/2) (1/2) (1/2)
Now, P

2
=
1
+
2
+
3
+ …

  MathonGo
www.mathongo.com
Sequences
  and Series WBJEE Crash Course
Hints and Solutions MathonGo
1 2 3
1/2 (1/2) (1/2)
⇒ −p/2 = −( ) − − …
1 3 3

1
⇒ −P /2 = loge (1 − )
2

P 1
⇒ − = logθ
2 2

⇒ P = 2 loge 2

Now, Q = (1 −
1 1 1 1 1
) + ( − ) + ( − ) + …
2 3 4 5 6

⇒ Q = loge 2

Now, from Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get


P = 2Q

Q29
2 2 2 2 2
1 +2 1 +2 +3
Given infinite series is 3!
+
4!

2 2 2 2 2
1 + 2 1 + 2 + 3
+
3! 4!
2 2 2 2
1 + 2 + 3 + 4
+ + …
5!
2 2 2 2 2
1 +2 +3 +4 +…+(r+1)
nth term, t n
=
(r+2)!
2 2 2 2
1 +2 +3 +…+(r+1)
Now, S n = Σtn = ∑
n

r=1 (r+2)!

(r+1)(r+2)(2n+3)
n
= ∑
r=1 6(r+2)!

n(n+1)(2n+1)
2
[∵ Σn = ]
6

(2r+3)
n 1 n 2 3
= ∑ = ∑ { + }
r=1 6⋅r! 6 r=1 (r−1)! r!

1 2 3 2 3 2 3
= {( + ) + ( + ) + ( + ) + …}
6 1 1! 1! 2! 2! 3!

1 2 2 2 3 3 3
= {( + + + …) + ( + + + …)}
6 1! 1! 2! 1! 2! 3!

1 1 1 1 1
= {2 (1 + + + …) + 3 ( + + …)}
6 1! 2! 1! 2!

1
= {2e + 3(e − 1)}
6

1
= {2e + 3e − 3}
6

1 5e 1
= (5e − 3) = −
6 6 2

MathonGo
www.mathongo.com

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