1

READING AND WRITING

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
Quarter 3- MELC 1

Identifying the Context in Which a

Text Was Developed
 READING AND WRITING LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
Identifying the Context in Which a Text Was Developed

I. Learning Competency (MELC)

Identify the context in which a text was developed
a. Hypertext
b. Intertext

II. Background Information for Learners

Behind every writing of a text is an inspiration that often leaves clues about the situation or the
reality that serves as the backdrop of the text which is known as the context of the text.

There are two ways by which a text is developed. First is through hypertext.

Hypertext is writing on the web that includes the use of hyperlinks (which may include sound
and graphic). This is what makes it different from regular reading and writing. Mostly, we read texts
from top to bottom, left to right, and front to back. However, we do not necessarily read hypertext in
the same linear way.
Example:

Clicking the hyperlink “Gaia” takes you to another page with

the image of Gaia or other related articles

The first Greek goddess, Gaia, was the earth in its mineral form
– its rocks and soils, its mountains and its plains. From its solid
and seemingly inert state, it became vibrant with the potential
for new life. The first manifestation of that new vitality was
Ouranos, god of the sky, spontaneously conceived within the
womb of the great Earth Mother Gaia, with whom he would
subsequently father children.

Sample of hypertext from a web page

Links to another web page (ex. photo of Gaia)

In other words, hypertexts present information to readers by letting them create their own path
and meaning out of the material. Based on the example above, the reader can proceed first by
clicking the hyperlink “Gaia” to see the picture or read few articles about the topic before finishing
the entire paragraph.

Another way a text is developed is through intertext.

Intertext is the term coined by Julia Kristeva in 1960s that deals with how different texts exist
through their relation to other literary texts. Basically, a text is always influenced by previous texts.

Recognizing and understanding intertextuality leads to a richer reading experience which

invites new interpretations as it brings another context, idea, and story into the text at hand.
 According to Kristeva, nearly all works contain some forms of reference to another work of
the past. Below are examples of many famous writings that employ the use of intertextuality:

1. The main plotline of Disney’s The Lion King is based on Shakespeare’s Hamlet.
2. The structure of James Joyce’s Ulysses is modeled after Homer’s Odyssey.
3. J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series makes use of T.H. White’s The Sword in the Stone, C. S.
Lewis’s The Chronicles of Narnia, and J.R.R. Tolkien’s Lord of the Rings.
4. Jane Smiley’s A Thousand Acres is a contemporary retelling of Shakespeare’s King Lear.
5. Matt Groenig’s television show The Simpsons uses multiple intertextual references to
literature, films, other tv shows, and commercials for its storylines and jokes.

Moreover, in formal essays, intertextuality is a key part of the research process. When you
cite a source, you are taking a little chunk of someone else’s text and building it into your own
argument.

For example:
Student teachers who use technology in their lessons tend to continue using technology tools
throughout their teaching careers (Kent & Giles, 2017, p. 12).

III. Accompanying DepEd Textbook and Educational Sites

Context: https://www.elcomblus.com/context-hypertext-and-intertext/ Retrieved: 10/17/2020

Hypertext: https://www.mshogue.com/ce9/hypertext/htx_essay.htm Retrieved: 10/16/2020
Gaia (text): The Mythology Book (Big Ideas Explained) by DK (Earth Mother, page 27)
Gaia (image): https://images.app.goo.gl/VYuix4nnkP5F5ZJ59 Retrieved: 10/16/2020
Intertext: http://englishtextualconcepts.nsw.edu.au/content/intertextuality Retrieved:
10/17/2020
https://www.masterclass.com/articles/how-to-apply-literary-inspiration-to-your-
writing Retrieved: 10/18/2020
https://openenglishatslcc.pressbooks.com/chapter/intertextuality-a-reference-guide-
on- using-texts-to-produce-texts/ Retrieved:10/16/2020
https://www.aate.org.au/documents/item/1315 Retrieved: 10/16/2020
https://www.citationmachine.net/apa/cite-a-book Retrieved: 10/18/2020
Exercise 1: https://www.elcomblus.com/context-hypertext-and-intertext/ Retrieved: 10/18/2020
Exercise 2: https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/define-intertextuality-discuss-three-
examples-that-345737 Retrieved: 10/18/2020
https://pages.shanti.virginia.edu/ENLT_WordPress/intertext/ Retrieved: 10/17/2020
https://study.com/academy/lesson/intertextuality-in-literature-definition-
examples.html/ Retrieved: 10/17/2020
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/intertextuality-examples-understanding-text
influence.html Retrieved: 10/18/2020 The Mythology Book (Big Ideas
Explained) by DK (The Maenads, page 88)
Exercise 3: https://www.metrolyrics.com/roar-lyrics-katy-perry.html Retrieved: 10/17/2020
Clipart: https://images.app.goo.gl/ULAeLWVWeGWoitTj8 Retrieved: 10/17/2020
https://images.app.goo.gl/44apSujB2cGUFtiSA Retrieved: 10/17/2020
https://images.app.goo.gl/Xy6M7ireX2vh4Rvs6 Retrieved:10/17/2020
IV. Activity Proper

Exercise 1 (Written Task- 20 points)

Write T if the statement is true and F if false. Write your answer on your answer sheet.

______ 1. The meaning of a text is influenced by other texts.

______ 2. Hypertext is a form of writing in computers using hyperlinks.
______ 3. We can gain full understanding of a concept by referring to one text.
______ 4. Texts are variations on, or borrowed from other texts.
______ 5. Intertextuality exists only in literary pieces.
______ 6. Hyperlinks can contain articles, images and other media.
______ 7. Authors tend to build on what previous authors have published or started.
______ 8. Citing sources is an example of a hypertext.
______ 9. Intertextuality is a term used by C.S. Lewis in the 1960s.
______ 10. Hypertexts are read in a linear way.

Exercise 2 (Written Task-10 points)

Identify which context was the text developed based on the literary descriptions below. Write INT
for intertext and HYP for hypertext on your answer sheet.

_______1. Although the subtitle has been dropped from most modern editions, the allusive qualities
of Frankenstein; or, the Modern Prometheus, is a horror novel by Mary Shelley, still remain. The
reference here to the Titan Prometheus relies on centuries of interpretation through Greek myth and
drama. Often seen as symbolizing the danger present when human knowledge oversteps its
boundaries, Prometheus and what he represents are reflected in the product of Victor Frankenstein's
ghastly experiments.

_______2. Gregory Maguire's novel Wicked. The novel was inspired by L. Frank Baum's 1939 novel
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. Inspired by the omitted story of how the Wicked Witch came to be
wicked, Maguire created a story which defined the Wicked Witch's beginning.

_______3. The Maenads

Dionysus presided over fertility both for the vineyards and for women’s wombs. His followers,
predominantly female, were known as Maenads –meaning “raving ones”. These women shared their
god’s love of wine and raucous behaviour, and he encouraged them to indulge in both. Marauding
bands of Maenads terrorized the Theban countryside so much that Pentheus, the King of Thebes,
banned the cult of Dionysus. The king’s decree was angrily rejected by many women – including
the king’s own mother – who went out into the countryside to praise the wine-god in one last,
climactic rite. Dionysus convinced Pentheus to climb a tree to enjoy the view of the final orgy.
Dressed in women’s clothes, the king went to watch, but was seen by the ecstatic Maenads.
Mistaking him for a wild animal, they tore him limb from limb.
See also: The Olympian gods • The many affairs of Zeus • Vesta and Priapus • A complex god

_______4. “Patchwork Girl” is a work of electronic literature by American Author, Shelley Jackson.
It was written in Storyspace and published by Eastgate Systems in 1995, and tells the story through
illustrations of parts of a female body that are stitched together through text and image. A short
essay on “Patchwork Girl” entitled “Stitching Together Narrative, Sexuality, Self” by Brown University
English Professor, George P. Landow, can be found here.

_______5. J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series shares much with Through the Looking Glass by Lewis
Carroll, including interactions with giant chess pieces. J.K. Rowling also used platform 9¾ as an
entrance into a magical world, just as Lewis Carroll used the looking glass.
Exercise 3 (Performance Task- 100 points)
Have you listened to the songs “Roar” by Katy Perry and “Eye of the Tiger” by Survivor? Below are
the lyrics. Read and answer the questions that follow.

ROAR "EYE OF THE TIGER"

Katy Perry Survivor

I used to bite my tongue and hold my breath Rising up, back on the street
Scared to rock the boat and make a mess Did my time, took my chances
So I sat quietly, agreed politely Went the distance, now I'm back on my feet
I guess that I forgot I had a choice Just a man and his will to survive
I let you push me past the breaking point
I stood for nothing, so I fell for everything So many times, it happens too fast
You held me down, but I got up (hey) You trade your passion for glory
Already brushing off the dust Don't lose your grip on the dreams of the past
You hear my voice, you hear that sound You must fight just to keep them alive
Like thunder, gonna shake the ground
You held me down, but I got up (hey) It's the eye of the tiger
Get ready 'cause I've had enough It's the thrill of the fight
I see it all, I see it now Rising up to the challenge of our rival
I got the eye of the tiger, a fighter And the last known survivor
Dancing through the fire Stalks his prey in the night
'Cause I am a champion, and you're gonna hear me And he's watching us all with the eye of the tiger
roar
Louder, louder than a lion Face to face, out in the heat
'Cause I am a champion, and you're gonna hear me Hanging tough, staying hungry
roar They stack the odds still we take to the street
Oh-oh-oh-oh-oh Oh-oh-oh-oh-oh Oh-oh-oh-oh-oh For the kill with the skill to survive
You're gonna hear me roar
Now I'm floatin' like a butterfly It's the eye of the tiger
Stinging like a bee, I earned my stripes It's the thrill of the fight
I went from zero, to my own hero Rising up to the challenge of our rival
You held me down, but I got up (hey) And the last known survivor
Already brushing off the dust Stalks his prey in the night
You hear my voice, you hear that sound And he's watching us all with the eye of the tiger
Like thunder, gonna shake the ground
You held me down, but I got up (hey) Rising up, straight to the top
Get ready 'cause I've had enough Had the guts, got the glory
I see it all, I see it now Went the distance, now I'm not gonna stop
I got the eye of the tiger, a fighter Just a man and his will to survive
Dancing through the fire
'Cause I am a champion, and you're gonna hear me It's the eye of the tiger
roar It's the thrill of the fight
Louder, louder than a lion Rising up to the challenge of our rival
'Cause I am a champion, and you're gonna hear me And the last known survivor
roar Stalks his prey in the night
Oh-oh-oh-oh-oh Oh-oh-oh-oh-oh Oh-oh-oh-oh-oh And he's watching us all with the eye of the tiger
You're gonna hear me roar
Oh-oh-oh-oh-oh The eye of the tiger
Oh-oh-oh-oh-oh (you'll hear me roar) The eye of the tiger
Oh-oh-oh-oh-oh The eye of the tiger
You're gonna hear me roar The eye of the tiger
Roar, roar, roar, roar, roar
I got the eye of the tiger, a fighter
Dancing through the fire
'Cause I am a champion, and you're gonna hear me
roar
Louder, louder than a lion
'Cause I am a champion, and you're gonna hear me
roar
Oh-oh-oh-oh-oh Oh-oh-oh-oh-oh (yeah)
Oh-oh-oh-oh-oh
You're gonna hear me roar
Oh-oh-oh-oh-oh Oh-oh-oh-oh-oh Oh-oh-oh-oh-oh
You're gonna hear me roar
Answer the following questions on your answer sheet:

1. What does the title “Roar” mean in Katy Perry’s song?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

2. What do you think does “eye of the tiger” mean in both songs?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

3. What message do both songs want to communicate? Support your answer.

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

4. Which lines from the two songs can you relate from? Why?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

5. What context of text development (hypertext or intertext) do the two songs use?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Remember:
A hypertext is a form of web writing. Articles found in Wikipedia, blogs, and other online
websites are examples of hypertext writing because the text contains hyperlinks that lead the
reader to other related articles, websites, or other media. On the other hand, intertext deals
with how texts are interrelated. Most literary pieces are influenced by other famous works of
authors.

V. Reflection
Complete the sentences below on your answer sheet.

a. I have learned that…

______________________________________________________________________________
b. I think I need more help in…
______________________________________________________________________________
c. In summary, the best part of the lesson was…