3/11/2022

JOINS IN THE CELEBRATION OF THE

FIRE PREVENTION MONTH 2022
MARCH 1-31,2022

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YOUR SPEAKER
LAWRENCE T. ANG, TECH IOSH,OSHP

 Volunteer firefighter.
 Active member since March1995.
 Currently, Training Director for the
Brigade.
 Safety committee member.

Volunteers don't get paid, not because they're worthless, but because they're priceless.
~Sherry Anderson

TOPICS COVERED

1. THE CHEMISTRY OF FIRE

2. STAGES OF FIRE
3. CAUSES OF FIRE
4. CLASSES OF FIRE
5. FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT
6. FIRE EXTINGUISHER

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The aim of this course is to

improve the fire safety
knowledge of anyone
involved in the
management of fire
safety in any workplace.

ARE YOU READY FOR THE FIRE CHALLENGE?

DO YOU KNOW:
oTHE ELEMENTS OF FIRE TETRAHEDRON?
oTHE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CLASS A, B, C, D
AND K FIRES?
oTHE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COOLING,
SMOTHERING AND STARVATION?

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ARE YOU READY FOR THE FIRE CHALLENGE?

DO YOU KNOW:
oWHAT TYPE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER TO USE
ON AN ELECTRICAL FIRE?
oIF YOUR EXTINGUISHERS ARE CHECKED
REGULARY?

INTRODUCTION TO FIRE SAFETY

FIRE:
HUMANKIND’S OLDEST
DISCOVERIES.
ONE OF OUR BIGGEST
THREATS.
INDISCRIMINATE.

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WHAT IS FIRE SAFETY ?

 Educate the public to

take precautions to
prevent/avoid
potentially
harmful fires.

WHAT IS FIRE SAFETY ?

 knowledge or
perception about fire.

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WHAT IS FIRE SAFETY ?

 In the event of fire,

know what to do and
not to do.

CHEMISTRY OF FIRE

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Which three factors are required?

SMOKE HEAT CO2

FUEL WATER OXYGEN

TRIANGLE OF FIRE

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WHAT IS FIRE?

FIRE IS THE RAPID OXIDATION OF A MATERIAL IN THE

EXOTHERMIC CHEMICAL PROCESS OF COMBUSTION,
RELEASING HEAT, LIGHT, AND VARIOUS REACTION
PRODUCTS.

WHAT IS FIRE?

OXIDATION REACTIONS IN WHICH AN ELEMENT COMBINES WITH OXYGEN.

EXOTHERMIC RELEASE HEAT FROM THE SURROUNDING.

COMBUSTION BURNING

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SMOKE

• THE VISIBLE VAPORS AND GASES GIVEN OFF BY A BURNING OR SMOLDERING SUBSTANCE,
ESPECIALLY THE GRAY, BROWN, OR BLACKISH MIXTURE OF GASES AND SUSPENDED CARBON
PARTICLES RESULTING FROM THE COMBUSTION OF WOOD, PEAT, COAL, OR OTHER ORGANIC
MATTER.

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FIRE TETRAHEDRON

STAGES OF FIRE

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STAGES OF FIRE

INCIPIENT STAGE

 Stage immediately
after ignition
 Fire has just began.

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INCIPIENT STAGE

Identifying factors:

1. Smoke has not

reduced visibility.
People can still
breathe.

INCIPIENT STAGE

Identifying factors:

2. People in the area

can still escape.

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INCIPIENT STAGE

Identifying factors:

3. Heat of the fire is

relatively low.

INCIPIENT STAGE

Identifying factors:

4. Smoke alarm sounds.

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GROWTH STAGE

 Fire has established

itself.
 Burning self-sufficiently.
 Generating enough of
Growth Stage
its own heat.
 ‘Established burning’
 Shortest stage of fire.

GROWTH STAGE

Identifying factors:

1. Plume of smoke is
visible above the fire.
Growth Stage

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GROWTH STAGE

Identifying factors:

2. Room’s temperature
has increased.
Growth Stage

GROWTH STAGE

Identifying factors:

3. Windows start to turn

brown around the
Growth Stage
edges and may be
cracking.

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FULLY DEVELOPED STAGE

 Hottest point
 Engulfing all of its
available fuel sources.
 Most dangerous
Fully developed
moment in a fire’s life.

DECAY STAGE

Decay Stage
 fire runs out of oxygen
or fuel for it to sustain
itself.
 Longest stage.

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QUICK CHECK

Referred to as the longest stage of fire?

Decay Stage

Growth Stage Fully developed

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QUICK CHECK

Plume of smoke is visible above the fire?

Decay Stage

Growth Stage Fully developed

CAUSES OF FIRE

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COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE

ELECTRICTY

COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE

LIGHTED CIGARETTE BUTT

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COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE

OPEN FLAMES

COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE

DELIBERATE IGNITION

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CLASSES OF FIRE

CLASSES OF FIRE

o Ordinary combustible
materials
o Designation symbol is a green
triangle

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ORDINARY COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS

CLASSES OF FIRE

o Flammable liquid and gas

o Designation symbol is a red
square

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CLASSES OF FIRE

o Energized electrical
equipment
o Designation symbol is a
blue circle

CLASSES OF FIRE

o Combustible metals
o Designation symbol is a
yellow decagon

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COMBUSTIBLE METALS
• LITHIUM
• CALCIUM
• SODIUM
• BARIUM
• COPPER
• POTASSIUM
• IRON
• TITANIUM, ALUMINUM,
MAGNESIUM

CLASSES OF FIRE

o combustible cooking
media

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FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT

METHODS OF FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT

STARVING
(separation
from fuel)

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METHODS OF FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT

STARVING
(separation from fuel)

Flammable Liquid and Gas:

Closing the valve

METHODS OF FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT

STARVING
(separation from fuel)

Solid Fuel:

Isolate / physical
removal

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METHODS OF FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT

SMOTHERING
(separation
From oxygen)

METHODS OF FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT

SMOTHERING
(separation from Oxygen)

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METHODS OF FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT

COOLING
(removal of heat)

METHODS OF FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT

COOLING
(removal of heat)

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FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT THEORY

COOLING
(removal of heat)

SMOTHERING STARVING
(separation (separation from
from oxygen) fuel)

WILL
Inhibit Chemical Chain Reaction

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KITCHEN OIL FIRE

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LPG in its natural state, is it with odour or

odourless?

1) YES. With Odour

2) NO. Its Odourless

LPG
Odourant:
Ethyl Mercaptan

LPG

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FIRE EXTINGUISHER

PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

 A portable device.
 Operated by hand.
 Contains extinguishing
agent.
 For suppressing or
extinguishing fire.

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PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

Types of fire extinguishers

are classified by the
types of fire on which
they may be used

TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER

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DRY CHEMICAL POWDER FIRE EXTINGUISHER

CARBON DIOXIDE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

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FOAM FIRE EXTINGUISHER

WATER FIRE EXTINGUISHER

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WET CHEMICAL

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HOW TO USE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER

HOW TO USE A POWDER FIRE EXTINGUISHER

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HOW TO USE A CO2

CO2 FIRE EXTINGUISHER

GOW TO USE FOAM FIRE EXTINGUISHER

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UPON DISCOVERING A FIRE

• Raise the alarm - Operate the nearest

Call Point
• Alert / Call Fire Services (911)
• Contain the fire
• Extinguish fire if trained or Evacuate if
not trained.

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