GRANITE STONE

SR NO. RATE
1 Leather Brown (Bangluru) 155/ Sqft
2 Crystal Yellow (Rajasthan) 100/Sqft
3 Steel Gray lapato Finish 150/Sqft
4 Moon White (Vishakha patnam) 150/Sqft
5 Luxmi Brown (Vishakha patnam) 180/Sqft

WOODDEN FINISH
1 Coffee Brown (Bangluru)
2 Galaxy Black 220/Sqft
3 Shiva Gold (Maduri) 175Sqft
4 Looks like Italian
5 Autum Brown (Gujrat) 130/sqft
6 Signature Grey (Bangluru) 230/Sqft
7 Royal Brown (Bangluru) 95/Sqft
8 Fantasty Black (Jaipur) 200/Sqft
9 Tan Brown 150/Sqft
10 With Lapato Finish 35 extra 185/Sqft
11 Floora Brown (South)
12 Sahara Storm (Looks Like Italian) 180/Sqft
13 Jet Black 260/Sqft
14 Mint Geen (South)
15 Platinum P-White (Jallore Rajasthan) 50/Sqft
16 Black 190/Sqft
17 Adhunik Brown (Bangluru) 140/Sqft
18 Ita Gold 70/Sqft
19 China White 110-150/Sqft
20 Golden Lawa (Andhra) 175/Sqft
21 Z-Brown (Rajasthan) 115/Sqft
22 Rajasthan Black 90/Sqft
23 Jallore Beige 85/Sqft
24 Flash Blue Because of Pearl 200/Sqft
25 Maple White (Bangluru South) 80-135/Sqft
26 Ocean Green (Bangluru South) 60-110/Sqft
27 Marian White (Bangluru South) 130-180/Sqft
28 Sira Grey 130/Sqft
29 Pink Pearl (Rajasthan) 90/Sqft
30 Mountain Brown (Rajasthan) 110/Sqft
31 Lavander Blue (Rajasthan) 120-160/Sqft
32 Honey Brown (Rajasthan) 90-130/Sqft
33 Majestic G (North) 200-325/Sqft
34 Miidnight Blue // 200/Sqft
35 Brown Pearl // R 150/Sqft
36 Ash Grey // R 100-130/Sqft
37 Crystal Blue // R 80-100/Sqft
38 Icon Brown // R 110-145/Sqft
39 Apple Green // R 110-135/Sqft
40 Royal Pink // R 70-110/Sqft
41 Alaska White // R 180-290/Sqft
42 Alaska Gold // R 180-290/Sqft
43 Rosy Pink 85/Sqft
44 Chima Pink 50/Sqft
45 Chima Red 65/Sqft
46 Sadar Hallp 80/Sqft
47 Hassan Green (Chemap) 100-150/Sqft

IMPORTANT GRANITE & MARBEL

1 Rustic Orange (Spain) 340/Sqft
2 Park Emprador (Spain) 350/Sqft
3 Crema Litght 300-350/Sqft
4 Diana (Italian) 220-350/Sqft
5 Graphito 275/Sqft
6 Bottochino (Italian) 230/Sqft
7 Travention Beige (Italian) 235/Sqft
8 Irish Brown (China) 300/Sqft
9 Black Markino (China) 350/Sqft
10 Perlato Sysilia (Italian) 300/Sqft
11 Quartz Stone (Asian) 340/Sqft
12 Satvario (Italian) 850-1600/Sqft
13 Silver Dragon (China) 400/Sqft
14 Silvia (Egypt) 150/Sqft
15 Bronzetto (Turkey) 480/Sqft
16 Brownish Grey (Turkey) 340/Sqft
NSL-New Saint Lorange (Portugal) Disc,Toilet
17 420/Sqft
18 Breshiaarora-19mm 500-700/Sqft
19 Classic Beige 500/Sqft
20 Crema Marpill 350/Sqft
21 Golden Beige 235-270/Sqft
22 Oynx 550-750/Sqft
23 Colorado 350/Sqft
24 Mexican Beige 325/Sqft
25 Italian Beige 275/Sqft
26 V Gold 325/Sqft

INDIAN MARBLE
1 Kandla Gold 16mm R 120/Sqft
2 Cherry Red 18mm R 150/Sqft
3 Silver Grey 20mm R 125/Sqft
4 Morbad Green 16 mm R 100/Sqft
5 Panther Big 16mm R 110/Sqft
6 Katnp Porple 65/Sqft
7 Beige Quartz 70/Sqft
8 Pencil Quartz 60/Sqft
9 Beige Pink (Jabalpur) 60/Sqft
10 Light Shade Kathi 65/Sqft
11 Kathi 60/Sqft
12 Makrana Albeta (Cross Brown Vains) 125/Sqft
13 Makrana Albeta (Ulode Mine) 275-550/Sqft
14 Brown Albeta 125/Sqft
15 Matawar Mine Albeta 220/Sqft
16 Albeta Chaknongri Mines 165-220/Sqft
17 Albeta Cutpiece (Vlode mine) 100/Sqft
18 Semi Albeta 100/Sqft
19 Talai Marble 35-45/Sqft
20 Morbad White 14mm 65/Sqft
21 GK White 105/Sqft
22 Agaria White 55/Sqft
23 Borawar Kumhari Makrana 25-35/Sqft
24 Makrana Kumari Thappi 40-55/Sqft
25 Makrana Kumari Thappi 55-75/Sqft
26 Makrana Kumari Poongri 75-95/Sqft
27 Doongri Brown Patten
28 Makrana White (Sahab Mines)
29 Crystal Large Cutpiece
30 Cream 340 Line Spot Large 40-90 60% Recovery
31 Less White 240 Spot Small 50-125 60% Recovery
32 140 Sirmore % 110-210

33 Slab 30 % White 70 % Spot

34 Makrana Sahab Vali Brown Line Cut Piece 60-150/Sqft
35 Thappi 250-400/Sqft
36 Super
37 Makrana White (Sahab Mines) 450 Above/Sqft
38 Makrana Kumhari Cut Piece 15-35/Sqft
39 Makrana Pink Cut Piece 25-40/Sqft
40 (Doongri) Thappi Green 35-90/Sqft
41 Makrana (Pahar Ruan Mines) Green Albeta 30-35/Sqft
42 Devi Mines Cut Piece
43 Vlode Mines Vlode Pink 30-60/Sqft
44 Makrana Brown (Doongri Mines) 35-65/Sqft
45 Thappi 50-110/Sqft
46 Makrana Chuk Doongri Cut Piece 40-75/Sqft
47 Thappi 150-250/Sqft

48 18 % GST 462 Per ton Royality

49 1100 Per ton Delhi Gartige
50 100 Per ton Loading

Godwa Marble Carvin Makrana

1 Baroda Green 50-100/Sqft
2 Kota Stone 25-40/Sqft
3 Jaisalmer Gold (Yello) 50-150/Sqft
4 Bangaluru Stone (Grey) 70-150/Sqft
5 Jodhpur Stone 50-100/Sqft
6 Gwallior Stone 60-120/Sqft
7 Dholpur Stone 40-100/Sqft
8 Agra Red 25-60/Sqft
9 Mint Sand Blasted 80/Sqft
10 Teak Wood Blasted 50/Sqft
11 Mint Sand Stone 65/Sqft
12 Sand Stone 85-110/Sqft
13 Red Mandana Stone 30-50/Sqft
14 Delhi Stone 25-40/Sqft
15 Slate Wall Cladding 120-160/Sqft
16 Basalt Stone Cladding 110-120/Sqft
 ITALIAN MARBLE
1 Moon Cream 350/Sqft
2 Creama Pali 325/Sqft
3 Black Rose China 375/Sqft
4 Mangolia Nagata 375/Sqft
5 Brazilian Gold 300/Sqft
6 Sanata Gold 325/Sqft
7 Italian Grey William 450/Sqft
8 Silver Potro (China) 325/Sqft
9 Armani Brown (Italian) 325/Sqft
10 Perlato Chips (Turkey) 250/Sqft
11 Lavante 350/Sqft
12 Brown Emperador 325/Sqft
13 Grey Azul Turkey 325/Sqft
14 Grey Willian Turkey 325/Sqft
15 Petra Grey 300/Sqft
16 Light Emperador (Turkey) 325-450/Sqft
17 Diana Venato 320-400/Sqft
18 Venus Beige Turkey 300-380/Sqft
19 Burbury Beige (Haily) 180-200/Sqft
20 Biavco Fusion (Haily) 180/Sqft
21 Dollsh Creama 150-170/Sqft
22 PerlatoClassic 250/Sqft
23 Perlato Royal 275/Sqft

External Cladding
1 HPL 2 Aerolamincluded Channel 290/Sqft
2 HPL 2 Cencutry 210+GST
3 Marino 215+GST
4 Greenlawn 290+GST
5 Only Sheets 310+GST
6 Frame Aluminium 35/Sqft
7 Labour 65/Sqft
8 Revit 10/Sqft
9 Pad 20-30/Sqft

WOOD POLYMER COMOSITE

1 WPC 12mm 120/Sqft
2 Century E Cost Green
3 Labour 30-40/Sqft
4 WPC E-Cost 18mm 153+GST
5 E Pay Natural Wood 500/Sqft
6 ACP Thickness 3,4&6mm
7 ACP City Bond 210/Sqft
8 Sheet 100/Sqft
9 Labour + Frame 100/Sqft
10 Pad 20-30/Sqft

GLASS
1 Toughned 6mm 95-110/Sqft+GST
2 8mm 130/Sqft+GST
3 10mm 140/Sqft+GST
4 12mm 160/Sqft+GST
5 Secrity (6+6+6) 18mm 360/Sqft+GST
6 8+8 420/Sqft+GST

7 Catridge 4000 Rs
8 Labour 60-70/Sqft

9 Leqvered Glass 5mm 110+GST

10 4mm 95+GST
11 Labour 30-40/Sqft

12 Clear Glass 4mm 40/Sqft

13 5mm 55/Sqft
14 6mm 65/Sqft
15 8mm 90/Sqft
16 10mm 110/Sqft
17 12mm 120/Sqft
18 Labour 10/Sqft
30-50/Sqft
19 Frosted Film 40/Sqft

RAILING
1 SS 304 290/Kg
2 SS 202 230/Kg
 WOODDEN
1 Veneer Century 80/Sqft
2 Green 80/Sqft
3 Sonear 65/Sqft

4 Particle Board 50-55/Sqft

5 Green,Century 18mm
6 Pre Laminate

7 MDF Greenlam 58/Sqft

8 Century 60/Sqft

9 Ply Board Century 18mm 100/Sqft

10 Water Proof 18mm 110-125/Sqft
11 Sonear 75/Sqft

12 Black Board 105/Sqft

13 Laminate 50-60/Sqft
14 PVC Laminate 30-40/Sqft

POLISH & PAINT

1 PU Polish Labour Rate 125/Sqft
2 WM 1275/Sqft

3 Melamin Polish Labour Rate 65/Sqft

4 WM 175/Sqft

5 Imporio High Glass Labour Rate 165/Sqft

6 WM 375/Sqft

7 laquere Polish Labour Rate 35/Sqft

105/Sqft
8 WM LR

9 Duco Paint Imporio 375/Sqft 165/Sqft

10 ICIC Duco Paint 75/Sqft 150/Sqft
11 Internal Including Putty,Primer LR WM

12 Oil Bound Distemper OBD 7.5 15

13 Tractor Emulsion 11 20-21
14 Plastic Paint 12 28
15 Royal Premium,Health 15 28
16 Royal Silk 15-16 32-35
17 Royal Shine 16 38

18 External Including Putty LR WM

19 Apex S 8 18
20 Apex 11 22
21 Apex Ultima 14 28
22 Rustic 15 35
23 Emry Paloer,Iron Brush
24 Putty Single Layer 4 Rs
25 Double Layer 4 Rs
 WM
26 POP 12-15/Sqft
27 Soul-Soot 22-24/Sqft
28 Carpet Area Celling 120-122/Sqft
29 POP
30 Plaster Gurmala 12/Sqft
31 Fanti 17/Sqft
32 Soul-Soot 25/Sqft

33 Cement Plaster 10-12/Sqft Internal

12-15/Sqft External
34 Radoside Primer LR WM
35 Wood Primer 12 25-26
36 Cement Primer 12 25-26

37 Enamel Paint 4/Sqft

38 Gypsum Plater or pop it used only in interior wall and ceiling but not in toilet or moist area

TILE & STONE FIXING

1 Floor Tile 20-25/Sqft
2 Grooting Epoxy 12-15/Sqft
3 Dado 22-26/Sqft
4 Skirting 30 Rs/RFT
5 Stone Flooring 30-35/Sqft
6 Joint Less 42-50/Sqft
7 Rubbing Diamand 35/Sqft
8 Italian Marble
9 Rubbing Granite 25-30/Sqft
10 Tenax Erolgte 10-15/Sqft
11 Power (Shinner) 4200/Kg Per Room 150gm

12 Gola Single Half 25 RFT

13 Double Gola 70 RFT
14 Champher 40 RFT
15 V-groove 40 RFT
16 Dado Khada Stone 50-85/RFT

Solid Wood Flooring

17 500-100/Sqft
Only in rooms not in moisture area
Engineed Wood Floor
18 200-500/Sqft
Can be used any where,kitchen,bathroom
 18 to 22 mm
Solid Wood Flooring Natural Wood
Wooden Flooring
LAMINATE WOOD FLOORING 8-22 Green - Floor max
6mm to 12mm > Cannot be used in moisture Area
Price - 90-120/Sqft + GST Including Fitting
While doing flooring try to put then profile
Poly thene Sheet then Profile

VITRIFIED FLOORING
Soluble Salt Design Screen Printing 9mm
Double Charged 9mm (6+3mm) 3mm is Sublayer
Full Body Tile PGUT Polished Glass
Glazed Vitrified Tiles (GVT) 1mm Print
Sugar Design Woodden Rustic Lather
Nano Tiles Kitchen,Office

Expoxy Flooring Bucket 3500, 350-40 Sqft

Expoxy Floor More Than 2mm (Resinious Flooring)
Expoxy Coating Less Than 2mm
Used in industrial & commercial area Gym,Hotel lobby,Garages,Hospitals,Sports Facilities Kitchen
Base
Important to apply primer before expoxy Flooring base layer+design layer+cleane epoxy+protective urathene layer flooring is only 2 to 4mm

Cost 30-70/Sqft

VINYL FLOORING
LUT> Luxury Vinyl Tiles - Armstrong,LG,Wonder Floor
1,1.5,2mm,2.5,3mm,4 planks
Thickness
150X600 150X750
Price 15-20/Sqft With Installation
Vinyl Flooring Available in roll .6mm to 1mm 2,25
Price 15-30/Sqft With Installation 3,4,4.5mm

SPC Vinyl Flooring-Water Proof-like Wodden Flooring 6mm Thickness

Price 90-120/Sqft 150X900
Installation 10/Sqft 150X1200
CERAMIC TILES
Floor Ceramic Tiles & Wall Ceramic Tiles
A Grade 35 - 60/Sqft
B Grade 25 - 35/Sqft
C Grade 15 - 20/Sqft
Anti Skid Tiles
Size 300X300, 450X450, 300X600 etc.

Carpet Floor
Heavy Carpet Roll 20mm 70-120/Sqft
Light Weight Roll 6,8,10,12,18mm 25-150/Sqft

EPDM Ettylene Propylene Diene Monomer Rubber

EPDM & Rubber Flooring
EPDM 10mm 50-60/Sqft EPDM Only
Varies With Rate 200-250/Sqft
Rubber 10.15,20,25 50-60/Sqft For 10mm Rate Increase as per thickness
PRIMER
50-100 PCC or base then base coat
25mm SBR layer it took 6-8 hours drying
10 to 25 EPDM Floor it took 6-8 hours drying
SBR-Styrene-Butadience Rubber
Gym Rubber Tile or Ecotile
7mm to 10mm, 15mm 25 also
Price 60-10mm /Sqft
95-15mm
120-20mm
140-25mm
Installation 10 Rs/Sqft
They Come in Intelockable Tile System Also
Ecotile 7mm 60-70/Sqft
10mm 70-100/Sqft

PU Flooring- Polyurethene Flooring

Mostly used in industries specially cold storage PU Flooring is normally hard but having Stretching properly because
of that it is usedin industries, it officies commercial area etc.
Price 30-70/Sqft
ARTIFICIAL GRASS
Starts 10mm, 15,20,25,35,40mm
One Roll 500 Sqft 5Ft Length
It is having a rubber base with hole for water seapage
10mm 35-40/Sqft
15mm 40-45/Sqft
20mm 45-50/Sqft
25mm 50-60/Sqft
35mm 55-60/Sqft
40mm 60-70/Sqft
Before installation surface should be clean then use addesive or primer
Then Plastic Jaali
Then Grass Sheet

SPC- Stone plastic composite flooring right now available with woodden finish
Plank Size 200X1500
Can be used in walls toilet or seapage area also
Thickness 4mm to 5mm
Price 60-80/Sqft

Anti Static or ESP Flooring- Electro Static Discharge Anti static prevent-sparks and electric explosion
Base+coopper+vinylo or ESP Flooring
ESP Prevent electric shocks
ESP Price - 70-100/Sqft 70-100/Sqft
Anti Static 65-125/Sqft

Raised Flooring - Access or False Flooring

Can be raised 50mm to 1200mm It can be done with the help of metal frame and metal Pedestals.
(Leg, Stool or Jack)
Cap on //
Stringer bars

OFFICES
Concrete Core Steel Panels
Hellow Steel Panels
Bare Concrete Panels
High Strength Proprophylene Panels
Wood Core Panels
Calcium Sulphate infill Panels
Load/Weight 450 to 1150 Kg
Price 210-450/Sqft
IPS Flooring- Indian Patent Stone Flooring
Ratio 1:1.5:3 and 1:2:4
25mm thk 12.5 Aggregate One Layer
40mm thk 20mm Aggregate Two Layer
Glass Strip
Rate 15-20/Sqft
For WP 75 in Resi 150 in Industrial

UDF- Uaccum Dewatered Flooring or Trimix Flooring

Base 100mm PCC
M-10 Grade Laid below Flooring
M-20 to M-30 Grade For UDF
Groove Can also be made 5mm thk, 1/3rd thk of UDF After 48 Hours

Panel Doors and Glazed Doors- Panel doors are mainly made of wood,steel,PVC,Aluminium
it may be single, double, tripple, floor, five and six panelled
Whereas glass door are made with wooddern frame pvc, Alu and glass- they are siliding, hinged, pivited
Price is depend upon the type of wood, pvc section Aluminium section, steel section and
glass thickness
Flush Door- It can be made with single piece wood also flush door are made up of using
Plyboard with veneer or Laminate on top
Flush door Price is also depend upon thickness, type of venner & Laminate and polish
Windows UPVC, Aluminium & Wooden

Fire Doors FD-30, 60, 90, 120

Means it offers at least above said minutes of protection against fire
Steel fire door give rating upto- 4 hours

lntumescent Strip-
It is provided on the edge of door or within the door frame it expand and seal the gap in case of fire
Panic bar, door cordinate, hinges, door lock, handle, door closer should be made up of steel
The gap should be less than 4mm in fire door

Commercial Ply board MR Grade 3mm to 25mm

BWR Grade- Boiling Water Resistant ply board 4 to 25
Marine Grade- Boiling Water proof ply board 6 to 22mm

Commercial ply used in interior

BWR used in interior as well as exterior
Such as lawn chair, Garden table, bathroom cabinets
Marine used only for exterior
Commercial 26-140/Sqft
BWR 50-270/Sqft
Marine 50-300/Sqft
 CURTAINS
Curtain Type
Flat Panel
Tab Top
Gromment
Rod Pocket
Thermal or Black Rout

BLINDS
Venetian
Vertical
Faux Wood
Panel Track
Mini
Roller
Ronaan

PVC Panel- It is having interlocing system one day

Size 10" wide 10 Ft long 8mm thk
Mostly used in offices, commercial as well as Residential
H Joint Jedge trim
Corner Cove
F edge trim
Internal corner edge trim
External corner trim
Function corner
Price 45-75/Sqft

Acrylic Finish & Laminate Finish For Kitchen Cabinate

Polymer Fiber Flat paper & Resin
Gloss Finish HPL- LPL
Rs 1500/Sqft 800/Sqft
Mostly used in upper cabinets

False Ceiling
POP Gypsum Board
It is powder It is board
Fixed with screw on Done manually of metal
Metal frame Frame and mesh
Used only in straight Can be shaped in any form
Pattern Time taken
Less time
 CONCRETE M20
M 20 Ratio 1: 1.5: 3 and Water
CEMENT SAND AGGREGATE
0 Air void 20% 33% to 34%
Air voids Air voids
After mixing with water volume increse 54% because of air voids

Quantity of Concrete =1+1x54% 1.54 Cum

Quantity of Cement =1.54/ (1+1.5+3) 0.028 Cum
Cement bag is 50 Kg amd volume is 0.035 cum
There fore = .28 Cum
8 Bags
0.35
Cement wastage is 3% = 8x1.03 8.24 Bags
Cost of cement bag is 300 = 8.24x300 2472/Cum of Concrete
Quantity of sand = 0.28x1.5 0.42 Cum/ of Concrete
Amount of crushed sand Rs 1000/Cum
There fore amount of sand = 0.42x1000 420 Rs/Cum of Concrete
Quantity of aggregate = 0.28x3 0.84 Cum
Rate of aggregate = Rs 800/Cum

There for amount of aggregate = 0.84x800 672/Cum of Concrete

Amount of water is negligible
Total amount Rs 3564

Add 5% for transportation, tools, tackles and

Rs 178.20
Consomables cost = 3564x.005
Add 1% for safety = 3564x.001 Rs 35.64
0.1 mason Rs 1000/day = 0.1x1000 Rs 100
2 helpers eRs 600/day = 2x600 Rs 1200
There fore total amount = Rs 5077.84
Add 15% for OH & profit = 5077.84x1.5 Rs 761.68

Rate of M20 concrete for 1 Cum = Rs 5840

RCC Prestressed Concrete

Min grade of concrete Grade of concrete used
M 20 Post ten sioning -M 30
Mild Steel Used Pre ten sioning -M 40
High strength steel used
Compression It
Carries Load
------------------- Both Carry Load
Tension Dosent Carry Load
Steel Required is More
Only 1/3 of RCC

STEEL ANALYSIS
Consider the quantity of 1MT of steel
Quantity of steel required = 1MT
Consider wastage of 3% = 1x.03 .03 MT

Total Quantity of steel = 1.03 MT

Rate of steel of 1 MT = Rs 50000/

Amount of steel required for 1MT = 1.03X50000 Rs 51500

Binding wire required for 1 MT steel = 0.1 MT
Rate of 1 MT binding wire = Rs 60000
There for rate of binding wire for 1 MT of steel = 0.1x6000 Rs 6000

Total Amount Rs 57500

Add 5% for transport, tools, tackle = 57500x.05 Rs 2875
Add 1% for safety = 57500x.01 Rs 575
Sub Total Rs 60950

1 Barbender for 3 day = 3x1000 Rs 3000

2 Helper for 3 day = 2x3x700 Rs 4200
Hence Total Rs 68150

Add 15% for OH & profit = Rs 10223

Rate per MT for steel = Rs 78373
Rate per Kg for steel = 78373
Rs 78.4/Kg
1000
Note 1 bender & 2 helper took 3 day for 1 MT steel im 8 hours shift
 RATE OF BRICK MASONARY
No of brick required in 1 Cum masonary
= 1/(0.24x0.12x0.08) 434 Bricks
Cosider 5% wastage of bricks
434x.05 22 Nos
Hence = 456 no of brick required
Rate of one brick = Rs 7
Hence = 456x7 Rs 3192

Quantity of cement & sand in 10mm thick mortar (1:4)

Volume of mortar = 1-(456x(0.23x0.115x0.075) 0.19 Cum

Add 40% for dry to wet volume = 0.19x4 0.08 Cum

Total volume of mortar = 0.27 Cum
No of cement bag = 0.25/(1+4) 0.05 Cum
Volume of 1 cement bag = 0.035 Cum
Hence no of bags requried = 0.05/0.035 1.54 Bag
Rate of 1 Bag = Rs 300
Amount of cement = 1.54x300 Rs 462
Sand in Cum = (0.27/(1+4)x4 0.22 Cum
Consider rate of crushed sand Rs 3000/brass
= 3000/2.83 1060 Per Cum
Amount of sand required = 0.22x1060 Rs 228
Total material cost Rs 3851
Add 5% for tranport, tool, tackels = 3851x0.05 Rs 193
Add 1% for safety = 3851x0.01 Rs 93
Sub Total Rs 4083

1 Mason 2 helper requried

1 Mason = Rs 1000
2 helper = Rs 700x2 Rs 1400
Scaff holding = Rs 40
Total rate = Rs 6523
Add 15% for OH & profit = 6523x.15 Rs 978.5
Hence total rate for 1 Cum masonary = Rs 7501
Add GST also

CEMENT SAND PLASTER RATE ANALYSIS

Conside 10 Sqm area for 15mm thk plaster
Volume of mortar = 0.015x10 0.15 Cum
Add 10% for joint & uneven surface = 0.15x.01 0.02 Cum
Add 35% fort dry to wet volume = (0.15+0.02)x3.5 0.06 Cum
Total Cement mortar quantity = 0.15+0.0015+0.595 0.22 Cum
Cement mortar ratio 1:4
Cement quantity = 0.22/(1+4) 0.045 Cum
Add 3% wastage = 0.045x0.03 0.001 Cum
Total quantity of cement = 0.044+0.00135 0.046 Cum

Volume of 1 Bag cement = 0.035 Cum

No of cement bag = 0.046/0.035 1.31 Bags
Consider a rate of one bag = Rs 285
Amount of cement for 10 Sqmt area = 1.31x285 Rs 374

River sand quantity required for 10 Sqmt area = 0.045x4 0.18 Cum

Add wastage of 15% for sand = 0.18x.15 0.03 Cum

Total quantity of sand including wastage = 0.18+0.027 0.20 Cum

Consider a rate of river sand = Rs 10000/brass

= 1000/2.83 Rs 3534/Cum
Amount of river sand reqired for 10 Sqmt of plaster
= 0.2X3534 Rs 724
Total Material cost Rs 1098
Add scaff holding cost Rs 20/Sqmt = 10x 20 Rs 200
Add 5% for transport, tool, tackels & conomable = 200x.05 Rs 55
Add 1% for safety = 1098x0.01 Rs 11
Sub Total Rs 1364

Market rate of labour for internal cement and plaster is Rs 18/Sqft

Labour cost for 10 Sqmt = 18x10.764x10 Rs 1938
Sub Total = 1364+1938 Rs 3301
Add 15% for OH & profit = 3302x0.15 Rs 495

Total rate for 10 Sqmt area = Rs 3796

Hence rate per Sqmt of 15mm thk cement sand plaster

= 3796/10 Rs 380

GYPSUM PLASTER RATE ANALYSIS

2 Type of plaster >Basic stucco plaster and premixed light weight (E-90) Elite plaster
Density 1000 Kg/Cum 700 Kg/Cum
E-90 1 bag contains 25 Kg of Gypsum
The coverage area for E-90 is 25 Sqft/bag for 13mm thk
Area of 80 Sqft for gypsum plaster
Bags required = 80x1
3.2 Bags
25
Rate of E-90 1Bag = Rs 250 Ex GST
Hence cost of E-90 for 80 Sqft = 3.2x250 Rs 800
Consider 5% for wastage = 800x0.05 Rs 40
Total material cost Rs 840
Add 5% for tranport, tool, tackles & consumable = 840x.05 Rs 42
Add 1% for safety = 840x0.01 Rs 8.4
Hence total amount = Rs 930
14 mason complete 805 Sqft area of plaster in 8 hours
Labour cost (1 mason for 8 hours) = Rs 1100
Add scaff holding cost e Rs 20/Sqft = 20x(80x10.764) Rs 146.84
Sub Total M+C = Rs 2179
Add 15% for OH & profit = 2179x0.15 Rs 326
Total rate for 80 Sqft of E-80 = Rs 2505
Rate per Sqmt for E-90 Plaster = 2505/(80/10.764) Rs 337

ANALYSIS OF VITRIFIED TILES

Consider area = 10 Sqmt
Wastage e 5% = 10x0.05 0.5 Sqmt
Total area 10.5 Sqmt
Consider rate Rs 60/Sqft Ex GST
Total cost = (10.5x10.764)x60 Rs 6781
Cost of white cement Rs 50/Sqft = 10x50 Rs 500

Consider sand bedding of 40mm thk (1:4)

Volume of mortar = 10x0.04 0.4 Cum
Add 40% for dry to wet volume = 0.4x4 0.016 Cum
Total volume of mortar = 0.4+0.16 0.56 Cum
No of cement bags = 0.56/(1+4) 0.11 Cum
Volume of 1 cement bag = 0.35
There for no of bag = 0.11/0.35 3.2 Bag
Rate of 1 cement bag = 280 = 280x3.2 Rs 896
Sand in Cum =(0.56/(1+4))x4 0.45 Cum
Rate of crushed sand = Rs 3000/brass
Vence rate of sand = 3000/2.83 Rs 1060/Cum
Amount of sand required = 0.45x1060 Rs 447
Total material cost Rs 8652
Add 5% for transport, tool, tackls & consomable = 8652x.05 Rs 433
Add 1% for safety = Rs 87
Total material rate Rs 9171

Labour rate for vitrified tiles is = Rs 20/Sqft

Labour cost = 10x20x10.764 Rs 2153
Sub Total Rs 11324
Add 15% for OH & profit = 11324x.15 Rs 1699

Hence amount for 10 Sqft of vitrified tiles = Rs 13023

Rate for per Sqmt = 13023/10 Rs 1302.3

Rate analysis for floor ceramic tile is same only tile rate and white cement is change and thickness
of cement mortar is 20mm cost is Rs 1004/Sqmt and Rs 95/Sqft rate analysis of ceramic tile dado
is also similar to rate analysis of ceramic floor tile here white cement will change and mortar
thickness is 12mm and rate for fixing is Rs 25/Sqft cement slorry is also required @ 3.3 Kg/Sqmt

Cost of dado per Sqmt is Rs 975 & per Sqft is Rs 91

RATE ANALYSIS OF GRANITE STONE FLOORING

Rate is ex of GST

Consider area 1 Sqmt

Wastage 10% = 1x0.1 0.1
Granite stone area = 1+0.1 1.1
Consider rate of granite = Rs 100/Sqmt
Total cost of granite stone = 1.1x10.764x100 1184

Cost of epoxy grout @ Rs 80/Sqmt = 1x80 Rs 80

Cement sand bedding of 25mm thk in 1:4
Volume of mortar = 1x0.025 0.025 Cum
Add 40% for dry to wet volume = 0.025x.4 0.01 Cum
Total volume of mortar = 0.04 Cum
No of cement bags = 0.04/(1+4) 0.01
Volume of cement in 1 bags = 0.035
There for no of bags = 0.01/0.035 0.2 Bags
Rate of cement bag = Rs 280
Amount of cement = 0.2x 280 Rs 56
Sand in Cum = (0.04/(1+4) )x4 0.03 Cum
Rate of cushed sand = Rs 3000/brass
There for rate of sand/cum = 3000/2.83 Rs 1060/Cum
Amount of sand required = 0.03x1060 Rs 30
Total material cost Rs 1350
Add 5% for transport, tool,tackles & consomable = 1350x0.05 Rs 65
Add 1% for safety = 1350x0.01 13.5
Total amount Rs 1431

Labour rate of granite flooring incliding cutting polishing

Rs 80/Sqft
& fixing
Hence labour cost per Sqmt = 1x80x10.764 Rs 861
Sub Total Rs 2292
Add 15% for OH & Profit = 2292x0.15 Rs 344
Rate for 1 Sqmt of granite stone flooring = Rs 2636
It is not including GST
For other stone fixing such as marble, italian,kota etc the proces will remain the same thing need to
Be consider
Wastage %
Labour rate
Mortar thickness
Rubbing and polish
Groove if any

FOR TOILET SIZE 5Ft X 8Ft

Cost of conceales piping like CPVC & UPVC Rs 8000

Labour for fixing all plumbing fitting Rs 10000
Cost of material such as gyser, exhaust fan floor mounted WC, toilet paper holder, flush tank,
Health faucet, ablution tap, washbasin, washbasin mixer, 2 nos of taps, 2 no of floor tap, shower
mixer, shower tap, cloth hook, ss rail for towel, towel rail, mirror, soap stand etc of hindware or jaguar
make Rs 30000
Cost of ceramic flooring & dado to might be Rs 20000
Cost of counter top & vanity Rs 12000
Hence total cost of toilet = 8000+10000+30000+20000+12000 Rs 80000
Note rate of false ceiling, lighting fixutre, joinery is not consider in above rate.

GRADE OF CONCRETE
M = Mix Compressive Strength Qty of water 150 Kg of
M 5 = 1: 5 : 10 5 N/mm2 60 Lt
M 7.5 = 1 : 4 : 8 7.5 N/mm2 45 Lt
M 10 = 1 : 3 : 6 10 N/mm2 34 Lt
M15 = 1 : 2 : 4 15 N/mm2 32 Lt
M 20 = 1 : 1.5 : 3 20 N/mm2 30 Lt
M 25 = 1 : 1 : 2 25 N/mm2
M 30 & above for large scale constraction concrete grade of founction & column will be more than
Slab & beams

Specific Gravity of Cement 3.1 - 3.6 gm/cm3

Sand 2.6 - 2.7 gm/cm3
Aggregate 2.6 - 2.8 gm/cm3
Water 1 - //

CEMENT
OPC - Ordinary Portland Cement
PPC - Pozzolena Portland Cement
OPC has 3 grade

33 GRADE 43 GRADE 53 GRADE

Rs 270- Rs 300 Rs 305-325/50Kg Rs 365-395/50 Kg
Rarely Used ACC Ultratech ACC Ultratech
For M 20 & above grade concrete 8 to 10% saving can be
All RCC Structure
done by using OPC 53 grade
As PPC is used below Used in PCC Like beam, slab
M 20 RCC upto M 30 Column, Footing
Plastering Tiling Used in M 30 and above
Brick Masonary
Flooring Pathway

ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT PORTLAND CEMENT

OPC PPC
33, 43 & 53 Grade Only one grade 33 grade
Having high intial strength than PPC Higher durability and structure last longer
Initial setting 30 Mintues 30 Mintues
Final setting 280 Mintues - 11.67 Days 600 Mintues 25 Days
Curing 7 Days 10 Days require
Cost Rs 280-395/bag Price less than OPC
Used in RCC for all types of building,
Used in building
Marines bridges, dams, flyover

Now a days many people uses PPC over OPC because of its better strength and less price

PLUMBING SYSTEM
Direct Water Supply System Indirect Water Supply System
Used in america and europe Used in indian, Pakistan, Asia
 It is also have Supply From Muncipal
Have Supply From Muncipal Line Directly With High Pressure
With Low Pressure
Have UGT and Supply Water to High Rise With the Help of Have UGT and OHT and Supply Water
Hydro Veumatic Pump In this Case Pipe may Leak through Gravity

PEX PIPE Cross linked poly thelene

Cost is higher used any ware internally
flexible
Copper Pipe - Heavy gauge, Medium gauge & light
Cast iron Pipe - Strong used in home & commercial
Caluanised iron Pipe - Much stronger but get corrosion cheaper than copper pipe
Stone ware Pipes - Used in Sewer, Storm lines cheap
Asbestos Cement Pipe - //
Plastic & PVC Pipe - Unplaticized PVC (UPVC) or Rigid Pipes
Used for Cold Water Supply
Plasticized PVC Pipe
Chlorinated PVC (CPVC)
Used for Cold & Hot Water Supply
Concrete Pipe - Used in Higher Dia for Storm, Sewer & Rain Pipes

PLUMBING TRAPS
Gases that are produced in Sewerage
Metane Because of bacteria pressence
Hydrogen Sulfide Other than that it is having
Nitrogen Cockroacher, insect, mice & bacteria
CO
All above things can be stopped with the help of trap having water seal
Types of Traps
Floor Trap or Nahani Trap Having Water Seal of 50 mm

1. Gully Trap

P Trap is Used For

2. P TRAP Outlet Through Wall

3. S TRAP It is Used For

It is Used For Outlet Through
Fixing WC in Floor
Toilets

4. Q Trap
It is also Used
In Toilets

5. Inercepting
Traps or
Master Trap
Interceptor man hole is provided at the intercept of building sewer & public sewer
It prevent the entry of fool gases and insects from public sewer to building sewer
It is having deep water seal of 100 mm

6. Bottol Trap Used

Below WB & Sinks

Grease Trap Mostly Used in Commercial Industrial, Institution etc

7. Floor Drain

Master Trap Master Trap

Gull
Trap IC MH

110 For Cleaning

150 150 mm
mm
-- ---
-- ---
-- --- Water Seal
-- -- --
-- --
- --- -- -- -- -- -- -- -
-

8. Mult Trap
50 50

50
 50

Bib Cock - Fore extra point

Long body
Piller Cock
Piller Cock mixer or double handle
2 in 1 bib Cock mostly used in W cor U.M
2 in 1 Wall mixer
3 in 1 Wall mixer for shower & tap
Telephonic Mixer
Sink Cock
Sink Mixer
Angle Value
Angle Two way
Telephonic Pair, CP Flange, CP Nipple, Hex Nipple, Connection Pipe Thread Tape
Spoot, Diawater

MS (MILD STEEL) SS - STAINLESS STEEL (INOX)

Dead MS, Medium carbon steel, High carbon steel
Inox steel Iron+Chromium+Other elements
Carbon+Iron and other elements
It is galvanised and Painted can be Cut, grilled, bent twist
Not easy to fabricate
Drilled, welded forged, rolled etc
Used in house hold utensils, railing, window grills, vessels, pipes, dairy
Used for rolled section Reinforced bar, Roof covering, Sheet & pharmacy industrial plaNTS, Surgical equipments
Piles, Railway track, rivet sheet, motor etc

Economically Expensive

PLASTIC WATER TANK CONCRETE WATER TANK

High density Polythelene RCC or Ferro Cement
Less Durable, Low Strength More Durable, High Strength
Light Weight, Min Maintenance Heavy Weight and Strong High Maintence
Water Become Hot MAY be Warm
Algea Doesn’t Grow Algea May Grow
Price - Rs 5 to 10 Per liter Costlier

AAC Blocks Red Bricks CLC Brick Cellin Flyash Brick Solid Concrete
Autoclaved Areated light WT Concrete Bricks
Bricks Brick
Less Mortar More Mortar
Required, Less More Joint
Joint
Curing Done By Water Required Curing Required
Steam For Curing For 7 to 14 Days
Wastage is less 10-25%
1 to 15% Good // // Mod3 rate Good
Sound Insulation
40-45 dp 45-50 dp 37 to 39 dp 37 to 39 dp 51 dp
Less Heat More Heat
Transfer Transfer
Used in High Rise Used Any Used in Low An alternatic Used
Building Used as Where Cost Building to Clay Brid Any Where
Load and Non in Internal
Load Bearing Partition
Wall
Expensive Cheaper Expensive Cheaper Costlier
Less Mortar More Mortar Less Mortar More Mortar But Cheaper
Required Required Required Required Than AAC & CLR
50,75,100,150, Normal Brick 50,75,100,150, Normal Brick 50,75,100,150,
200,250 200,250 200,250
Super Light Weight Blocks - EPS
Expanded Polysterence

Used in Road Way Construction Over Poor Soil & Road Way Widening
Bridge Abutment and Under Fill
Colverts, Pipe Lines and Buried Structure
Compensating Foundation, Rail Embankment, Land Scaping,Retaining & Buried Wall Back Fill, Slope
Stabilization, Stadium and theatre Slab, Airport Runway & Taxi Way

Can be Cut in Any Size at Site Also, Less Weight, Strong, Easy to Handle, Reduce Construction Time
Combustable
Price Rs 4300/m3

PIPE TRAP
90 Bend - 75, 90, 110, 160
Door 90 Bend - 75, 90, 110, 160
45 Bend - 75, 90, 110, 160
Left Side & Right Side Door Bend - 110, 160mm
L Trap, S Trap, P Trap, Nahni Trap, Multi Floor Trap Bottel Trap
Reducing Y tee, With Door also, Single Y Tee
Double T tee, With Door also
Reducer, Coupler, Cleansing Pipe
Connection Pipe Clip, Pipe Clip
Access/Socket Plug or end Plug
Stop end Plug For Vent Pipe, Vent Cowl With or With Out Jalli
Valve
Foot Valve and Flot valve mostly used in mortar to tank and motor to Connection

Flat Value

Motor
Foot Value
Water Connection

Diverter Wall Mixer

Both Work Same Mixing Hot & Cold Water //
Full Brass Body Brass & Chrom e Body
Price - 3500-4500 Price - 2500-5000
Plate Extra - Rs 1500
 Shower Shower

Plate
Handle

Spout
Spout
Thermostatic

Value - It helps in regular, control, direct the flow, opening, closing the pressure of water

Gate Value

Globe Value

Check Value
Plug Value
Ball Value
Butterfly Value
Needle Value
Pinch Value
Pressure Release Value

Land Scaping
Indoors Plants
1. ZZ Plant (Zamioculcas Zamiifolia) care free, doesn’t required water & sun
2. Rubber Plant (Ficus elastica) need moist soil, not required son
3. Fiddle leaf fig (Ficus Lyrata) D
4. Snake Plant (Poesnt required son)
5. Erica Palm
6. Tiece Lily - Flower
7. Dracana
8. Mani Plant
9. Raffic Palm
10. Son Flower
11. lxora Cappance Required
12. Spider Lily Sun
13. Plumangu Cappances
14. Hamelia Pattens
15. Hibuscus
16. Bonsai
17. Buddha belly bamboo
18. Golden Bamboo
HEDGES
Ficus Panda
Cleodendrum inermy
Ficus Longisland
Golden Dorenta
Hamillia Pattens
Cistruhum Navctrnum Raat ki Raani
Bogenwalia

Short Trees For Terrace

Plumeria Alba
Plumeria Robra
Bohonia Blackiana
Michelia Chamka
Harshingar
Ficus benzamina
Whashingtonia Palm
Bottol brush Palm

TREES
Date Palm
Foxtail Palm
Fish tale Palm
Royal Palm
Golmohar
Casia Fistula
Bombex
Jacranda
Neem

Electrical
Electrical Point of Room
 3 Point 5 Amp

3 Point //

3 Point 15 Amp
(Power Socket With Switch) AC P.S
For Room
SB3
TV TL
SB1 Fan+2 Light SB F SB2

1+2+
Tota No of Points
TV
4+10+8+6+5
5 Amp 5 Amp Dish 5Amp
33 Points
3+3+1+3
SB2 Average Cost of One Point 80
F R L TL Samp
1+1+2+1+3 There fore = 35 x 80 = Rs 2800

SB3 Point and Price Depend Upon Clients Requirement

L AC 5 Amp Make no of Light etc.
2+1+3

Power Socket
5

Fan Regular - 2 Points

MCB Point - Miniature Circuit Breaker

From 2 Amp To 16 Amp 25-40 Amp 63 Amp

Single Pole 2 2 3
2 Pole 4 4 6
3 Pole 6 6 8
4 Pole 8 8 10

2 Pole MCB
10 Amp - 6 Nos
63 Amp
1 Nos
16 Amp - 6 Nos

25 Amp Double Pole

- 5 Nos
DB- Distribution Box With Single Phase
There for no of Points 10 Amp - 6x2 = 12
16 Amp - 6x2 = 12
Double Pole 25 Amp - 5x4 = 20
Double Pole 63 Amp - 1x6 = 6
50
Avg Rate Per Point 80 Rs
50x80 = Rs 4000
Power (wat)P = Volt (v) x Amp (I)
For ex Desktop of 600 W
Amp = P = 600 = 2.60 Amp Mean 3 Amp
V 230 MCB to be Used

WIRE SIZE
W - Size Concealed Open No of Wire
0.75mm 7 Amp 9 Amp 0 24/.2mm size wire
1.00mm 11 Amp 12 Amp 18.10 14/.3mm
1.50mm 13 Amp 16 Amp 12.10 22/. //
2.50mm 18 Amp 22 Amp 7.41 36/ //
4.00mm 24 Amp 29 Amp 4.95 56/ //
10.00mm 42 Amp 51 Amp 1.91 140/ //
6.00mm 31 Amp 37 Amp 3.30 84/ //

Wire Colour - 3 Phase R Y B

Single Phase 3 Phase
1 No Phase R Red R For Circuit below 2.5mm
2 No Phase Y Yellow Y For Circuit below 2.5mm
Used in daily use equip

3 No Phase B Blue B Below 2.5mm but only

for fan

Black Wire Used For Netural

Green Wire Used For Ground Earthing
White Wire Used For Invertor For 0.75 to 2.5mm
Brown Wire Used For 2 Way or 3 Way Switch

MCB MCCB RCCB/ELCB

Miniature Circuit Molded Case Circuit Residential Current
Breaker Breaker Circuit Breaker/ Earth Leakage Circuit
They Protect & Over Load Rom Short Circuit & Breaker
In Rate Current Protects From
Starts From 100 Amp Leakage Current
63 Amp 63 Amp
Type of MCB
Symbol in MCB

Over Load Current

Short Circuit Current

B Type 10 Amp Tripping Current Operating Time

Resistive/ used in 3 to 5 Times
0.04/1Sec
Residence circuit
C //10 Amp 5 to 10 Times 0.04/5Sec
Induchive Circuit Used in Residence for Motor, Fridge, M
D // 10 Amp 10 to 30 Times 0.04/3Sec
Welding Machine, big motoe
K // 10 Amp 8 to 12 Times 0.01Sec
Z // 10 Amp 2 to 3 Times Instant

R R
Y TRANSFOR Y
B MER B
N
Supply From
Govt Incoming Outgoing
Mostly Known as Distribution Transformer in Residential
Size 25 Kva, 63 Kva, 100 Kva, 200 Kva
Consider - 25 Kva
Kilo wat KW = Kva x Power Factor
= 25 x .8
= 50 Kw
Maximum 20 Kw Load can be connection Imp but only 75% load should be connection thatis 15 Kw
There Fore = 15
3 = 5 Kw
That means 5 Kw for each Phase
Earthing

. Bus bar
.
For Neutral R Y B ...
.

Phase TPN - Two pole Neutral

HT Line & Lt Line

High Tension or High Voltage Line
Low Tension or Low Voltage upto 1000V or below 1 Kv
Comes in Single Phase - 230V & 3 Phase - 440/415V

HT Line when Voltage is 11 Kv, 22 Kv, 33 Kv

Above 33 Kv is Extra high HT line

LT line Insulator - Small pin type insolator

Shackle type insulator
Insulator used in over head line and cable used in under ground line
In HT line we use - Pin type insulator & Disc type insulator
HT Contuctor
Rabbit Contuctor (11 KV) - Size 50mm - 157 Amp
Dog Conductor (33 KV) - Size 100mm

LT Contuctor
Squirrel ACSR Conductor - Size 20 89 Amp
Weasel //

LT line distributed in star therefore 4 no of wire required R,Y,B&N

ht Line distributed in delta only 3 wire required R,Y,B
HT Line starts from power sub station and ends at pole mounted substation (Transformer)
LT line starts from pole mounted substation & end at our residence

HT line - DP - Double Pole

11 KV DP - With 3 no of disc or pin insulator
33 KV When all phase have 3 nos each insulator
66 KV Transmission tower starts here vertical suspension type insulator vertical and horizontal in each
phase total 15
135 KV When 9nDi in each phase
220 KV 15 to 20 Di // // //
400 KV 30 to 31 // // //
765 KV 57 to 58 // // //

Cable Size available in Market from 0.5 to 1000 Sqmm

0.5,0.75,1,2,2.5,4,6,10,16,25,35,30,35,50,70,95,120,150,185,240,300,400,500,630,800,1000
Size depends upon current capacity in amp
0.4 to 4 Sqmm wire can take upto 10 amp of load in CP mostly used in Residence - 0.5 to 0.75 for bulb
Fan, T.L, light 10 Sqmm for neutral
1.5 to 2.05 Sqmm for DB to MCB and AC, Gyeser
4 Sqmm From Main Meter to DB
6 Sqmm Mostly used in Industrial Motor it depends upon Motor FLC (Full load Current) Consider Motor Hp to 100
FLC = HP X 1.5
= 100 x 1.5 150
KW
HP = KW x 1.34
= 75 x 1.35 100 HP
FLC = 100 x 1.5 150 Amp

1 KW = 1000 Watt
Voltage = 230 V
Appere - T
W=VxT
T=W
V
T = 1000
4.347 Ampere
230

Cost of 11 KV Transformer Rs 250 Each

2 nos 9 meter pole Rs 250 Each
3 nos pin insulator Rs 500 Each
3 nos Disc insulator Rs 1500 Each
3 nos Lightining Arrestor Rs 7000/Set
1 Set GOS Single break Rs 7000/Set
1 Set Horn Gap Fuse Rs 4000/Set
1 Set Gvy or Stoy Rs 1000/Set
Concrete For Mounting Pole Rs 1200 Each [2 nos]
Concrete For Gvy Set Rs 200 (1 setonly)
1 nos 100 Kva Distribution Transformer Rs 200000
Gi wire 10 SWG (40 Kg) Rs 50/Kg
LT Metering box 1 Set Rs 15000/set
11 KV Horizontal Cross arm 4 nos Rs 300 Each
Lt low tension proteching kit 2 set Rs 200/set
LT wiring kit 1 set Rs 1500/set
Misc-Such as Nuts,bolts,clamps etc Rs 2000
Labour for Double pole DTR structure Rs 8000
Transformer @ 5% on total amount
Safety @ 1% on total amount
Profit @ 1% 12 to 15% on above total amount

Estimate of LT Lines For 1 KM

Consider 4 wire 415/230V LT line for 1 KM for factory, assuming avg span of bom Pto P
Total no of pole for 1000 mt @ 60 mt Pto P
= 1000
17 Nos
60
No of span = 17+1 18 Nos
No of RCC poles - one for tapping + one for dead end
(7.5mt) + (at 0.5 Km anchoring)
= 1+1+1 3 Nos
(7.5mt)
No of PCC pole = 18-3 15 Nos
No of 4 pin cross arms @ 1 per pole 18 Nos
No of 11 Ky gvy set or stay = 1(starting pole)+1(end pole)+2(at 0.5 anchoring pole = 4 Nos
No of pin insulator = (No of intermediate pole+anchoring)x4 = (15+1)x4 = 64 Nos
No of strain or Disc insulators = 4x(starting pole+end pole+2[anchoring pole])
= 4(1+1+2(11)
= 4(2+2) 16 Nos

ACSR - Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced

Length of Conductor
ACSR no 2 weasel conductor for 3 phase conductorwith 3% sag
3 x 1 Km x 1.03 = 3.09 Km
ACSR no 4 squirrel conductor for neutral with 3% sag
1 x 1Km x 1.03 = 1.03 Km

Misc Materials such as nuts,bolts,clamps etc

Rate of Conductor
Silver Copper Rs 38453.46/Kg Not used
Copper Rs 439.59/Kg
Aluminium Rs 129.49/Kg
Resistance of aluminium is 60% more than copper

Mostly ACSR Conductor is 60% more than copper high capacity & high strength
Used in over head power line for transmission & distribution lines
Type of Conductor mm2 Single Pipe Aluminiu Steel Dia Load Current Cap Uses
Strands
Weasel Conductor 30 ooo 6/2.59mm 1/2.59mm 7.7 11.12 KN 144 Amp Used in LT
oo line (230 V or
440 V)

Rabbit Conductor 50 ooo 6/3.35mm 1/3.35 10.5 18.25 157 Amp Used in 11 KV
oo line in input
line

Dog Conductor 100 ooo 6/4.72 7/1.57 14.15 32.41 239 Amp Used in 33 KV
oo line for PS
input line

Panther Conductor 200 30/3.0mm

7/3.0 21 89.67 239 Amp // // 66/BR //
7/3.15 28.6 735 Amp // // 220 //
Zebra Conductor 54/3.15
7/3.53 31.8 800 Amp 220/440
Zebra Conductor 54/3.53

But resistance can be maintain by increasing its area weight also low and rate is low too
Solid aluming Conductor Used in bus of sub st
- Hollow // // // // // // // //
- All // // AAC used in urban area, low span
- All // Alloy // AAAC used in hills, railway & bridge crosstan
- Aluminium Conductor steel Reinforecement ACSR
- Aluminium Conductor steel supported ACSS
- Aluminium Conductor Composite Reinforced ACCR
- Aluminium Carbon Composite Core ACCC
Cable line
Over head working voltage is 400 KV where underground cable line working voltage is 66 KV

Under Ground Cable Mostly use XLPE

XLPE - Cross Link Polythelene
XLPE - Armoured Cable
XLPE - Cable Size - 95,185,240,300,400,500 mm2

For 11 KV line - 300 mm2

For 33 KV line - 400 mm2

Selection of rating of cable depends upon

- Current Carrying Capacity
- Voltage Drop
- Short Circuit rating

3.5 Core Armoved Cable

CR R Y BN
Y
1 1 1. 5 = 3.5

N B

3.5 Core Cable

R Y R Y B
1 1 1=3
B

3 Core Cable
 Types of Cable
Low Voltage (LV) - 1KV
High Voltage (HV) - 11 KV
Super Voltage (SV) - 22 KV - 33 KV
Extra High Voltage (EHV) - 66 KV
Extra Super Voltage & Above (ESV) - 132 KV & Above
Core Conductor
Single Core
3 Core, 3.5 Core
Belted Cable - Max Volt 11 KV
Screend Cable - Max Volt 66 KV
Pressure Cable - Max Volt above 66 KV

Bcdding Lead Sheath

Insulation
Conductor

Arnouring
Serving (CPUC or thermo static Plastic)

BUSBAR
Mostly made of aluminium & copper strip size depends upon flow of current

Connection of 4 wire with single wire by tuisting

Bus Bar
Nut
Single Wire v
4 Nos of Wire

s
Mostly used for Connection

Feeder Pillar Box

Substation or Transformer

HT Panel

LT Panel

Feeder Pillar

Final Distribution

1 2 3 4 5
 1 2 3 4 5

FB

Transformer
FA

FB

Ring Main System (RMU)

PSS 1 2 3 4 5
53/11 KV
Feeder
TF

A
1
1
2
2 TF D B TF 3
3
4
4 C 5
5

TF

1 2 3 4 5

Interconnect System

TF D B TF

TF
 Types of Panel
HT Panel - High Tension Panel
VCB Type
SF6 Type

LT Panel - Low Tension Panel

Substation

Feeder line 11 KV

VCB / OCB

HT Panel

Transformer

Servoor OLTC

LT Panel

Final Distribution

Types of Circuit Breaker

OCB - Oil Circuit Breaker
VCB - Vaccum Circuit Breaker
ACB - Ai Circuit Breaker used in LT
Both braker are used in 11 KV supply line to break the current and it transfer the current to transformer (internal)

People use servo after transformer which act as stablizer and maintain the current to flow properly in all phase
and then it goes to HT panel

SF6 - Power Gas Circuit Breaker used in 33 KV

Over Head SF6 Breaker

OLTC - On Load tape changer when transformer is above 500 KVA rating

All these above breaker helps in providing rotection from, over head, short circuit protection, earth fault protection
CT - Current Transformer
PT - Potential Transformer

LED Lights - Light Emitting Diode

Light - Ambient, Task and Ascent light
Tpes of LED
DIP - Direct in line Package
ED - 3mm, 5mm, 10mm it got hot easily

SMD - Suface mounting diode (Led light) in got less heat

It is having wide varienty of model

COB - Chip on board

It is made by using multi LEDs together and comes in very wide range
3,5,7,10,12,18,24,30W

It is having sink also for

Comparision 10mm x 10mm
 DIP SMD COB
9 LED 40 LED 342 LED
Flip Chip COB
MCOB - Multi Chip On Board
DOB - Direct on Board Built it is less expensive
Driver LED bulb is expensive than DOB and comes in 9 W to 100 to 120 W

For a room atleast 20 lumens is required per Sqft depending that LED is selected
For Light
1 lux = Lumen/m2

For average room size of 12'-6" x 20'-0" we need lumen @ 20 lumen per Sqft
= (12.6 x 20) x 20
= 250 x 20 5000 Lumens
5000 Lumens equivalent to = 5 nos 100 W incandescent bulb 5 nos 23 W CFL 8 nos 10 W LED
The quantity of lumen is different for diferent areas such as drawing room, bed room, childern room, toilet room,
Kitchen, dinning etc have different lux and lumen level.

On AN Average
For incandescent bulb CFL/LED
1 Watt = 15 Lumen

Street Light Poles

Standard Pole For Side Walk and Bike 4.5 - 6mt
For Street in Residential 8 to 10mt
Taller Poles For Wider Streets 10 to 12mt
Generally distance between two pole is 3 times the height of pole eg = H= 10mt D = 3 x 10 = 30ml
Types of light used for street light
- High Pressure Sodium Lamp
- Metal Halide Lamps
- Low Pressure Sodium Lamps
- Incandescent Lamp
- LED
- CFL
As per CIE-12 road are broadly 5 types
TYPE - A
- Heavy and high speed traffic with no crossing allowed example express way
TYPE - B
- High speed traffic with service road eg - Trunk road
TYPE - C
- Heavy mixed traffic with moderate speed example - shopping street
TYPE - D
- Slow traffic and pedestrain purpose example - shopping street
TYPE - E
- Mixed traffic with limited speed example - Local street

Pole Arrangement
Single Sided - Generally Pole Height is available is 10 mt
With of Road = Pole Height
S-10mt

W=10mt

+ Double sided in this case generally distance between two pole is 2 times the width of road

S-2X10
W=10mt
Staggered Sided or Zig Zag patter
Width of Road = 1.5 Height of pole
3h

1.5 h 1.5 h
1.5 h

Centeral Verge

Width of Road Height of Pole

3h
H = 10mt
D = 3X10=30

Generally Level of street light (L) is 6Lux/Sqmt2 Luminous efficacy is 20 Lumen/Watt

Mostly used street Lamps
- 150-180 Watt Halogen (Mercury Vapor) Lamps
- 70-100 Watt Sodium Vapour Lamps
- 48-60 Watt LED

Solar LED Street Pole

90 W & 60 W with polycrystalline solar cell, 1 battery charging 6 to 8 hours and light - 12 hours

Street Light Component

- Pole
- Arm
- Lamp
- Controller
- Brightness Sensor
- Motion Sensor
- Control Panel or Box
- Foundation
- Wire
For Solar street light things to be incorporated
- Battery
- Second Arm for solar cells
- Solar Cells

Types of Poles
- Cement Street light pole
- Iron street light pole
- Fibre glass street light pole (FRP)
- Aluminium Alloy street light pole
- Stain less steel street light pole
- Galvanised octagonal street light pole

Roof Top Solar Panel System

Types - Mono Crystalline - Price Higher
Pole // Mostly used

Luminous Panel - Singal Panel 270 Watt

Solar Panel - 270 x 4 1080 Watt (1KW)
Battery = 150 x 2
Inverter N x G 1800
Gi Strusture + Installation
Rs 80000 - 100000/-
On Grid - Where light is available 24 x 7 v need one meter, need EB permiss
Off Grid - Where light Cut is there v need battery

1 KW will make power where 5 Watt can be used in day time + battery recharge and 2 Fan + 2 light LED
= Full Hight
1 KW require 100 Sqf of space panel size 5'-4" x 3'-3" lottle more
65" x 39"

For Poly
Solar Panel Price Price/KW Price/W
Adani Solar 23000 23
Wikram Solar 26200 26.20
Luminous Solar 27000 27
UTL Solar 25000 25.20
For Mono
Luminous Solar 37000 37
Loom 33000 33.30

How to Calculate backup of battery

Bah x V x no of batt. X 0.8 (PF) = Load
150 x 12 x 1 x 0.8 = Load
Backup = 1440
4.8 hours
300
2 Fan = 70 x 2 140
1 Led TV = 70
1 Setup Box = 30
3 LED Light = 10 x 3 30
Other Wire = 30
300 Watt

Solar Water Heater

Thermophyphan System or Natural gravity system

Electrical Water Tank (Insulated)

Backup Rod Hot Water out

Euaculator Tube
Sacrificial Euacuated Tube
A node
Cold Water in
To Protect Tank
From Hard Water

ETC - Evacuate Tube Collector

FPC - Flat Plate Collector

ETC Price Rs 9000/Price to 40000

Rs 11000/set to 50000/set

FPC - 8000/Piece to 715000

19900/set to 50000/set
Tank Volume - 100 LPD to 200 LPL
What is Pole in MCB
Pole is Phase
Single Pole - 1P P
2 Pole - 2P P N
3 Pole - 3P R Y B
4 Pole - 3P N (TPN)
R Y B N

Firstly we get connection from distribution line pole.

TPN To Flat or
MCB House
D.L DB
Meter Box
R Y B N + Earthing
DB - Distribution Box

Water Treatment Plant (For Drinking)

Source of water Rain Water, River, Pond, Lake & Ground Water
Treatment of River Water
Intake well and pumping station to Transmission Line

Transmission Line

River Pump is having Stainer (Filter) which work as filter and particles, any wooden log, fish,
Dead body or any large waste will remain in the River and Send Water to Main Plant Raw Water Tank

------ Over Head Water Tank

Raw Water Cas Cade Flash Mixer Ozone Unit For

Tank Or Flocculator Clarifier
Areator Disinfection
Rapid Gravity
Filder

Sludge Thicker

Sludge Drying Beds

In raw water tank first process is chlorination after that water send to cascade areater where water flow through
the steps with natural gravity and oxygen get mixed in water and it removes impurities like, iron, magnesium and
Co2 and odur and water send to flocculator where Lime,Alum will be mixed in water and it creates flots which
helps to reduce the trubidity in water and water sends to clarifier where through gravitional force floc settels at bed
of clarifier and with the help of launder the clear water sends to Rapid gravity filter other small patricles & turbidity
will get removed
Finally it goes to the ozone unit for the softness of water and final dis infection after all these process final water
send to the over head water tank with help of pump for supply
And the setteled sludge in califier send to the slude thickner and sludge drawing beds

TDS - Total Dissolved Solids - it is total amount of mobile charged ions, including minerals, salts or metals
Dissolved in water
Water is having different type of minerals in it such as - Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, Phosphorus, Iron,Zinc
Copper etc.
If TDS is 50 to 150 it is waste for body because it doesnit cintain minerals
TDS
As per WHO - 300 - 350 Excellent
300 - 500 Good
600 - 900 Avg
If below 50 then dangerous.
If above 2000 then dangerous.
COD - Chemical Oxygen Demand
The water pollotant present in water when get break down with the oxidization process of chemical
(Acidified Pottasiusm) it is a fast method and its value is always higher than BOD because here fast
process consumes more oxganic as well as inoraganic water waste decompose by acidified pottasium
discomate it performs at 20

Bod - Bio Oxygen Demand

The water pollutant present in water when get oxidised with the help of microorganism in water
Here pollutants break down through micro-oraganisms it is a slow method BOD value is always
Lower than COD oxidization process
In this process organic water waste decompose by aerobic micro-organism
It performs at 150
PPM - Parts Per Million
If BOD,COD Value Remarks
1-2 PPM Very Good
3-5 PPM Moderately Clean
6-9 PPM Considered Polluted
If COD Penel is more means amount of oxidized oraganic material is more which will reduce the
Dissolved oxygen (Do) levels which can lead to anaerobic conditions which is deleterious to higher
aquatic life forms.

Coagulation & Flocculation

This process helps in removing trubidity, colour, suspended affecting this process
Chemicals used in coagulation
Use of coagulation aids
PH, Alkanity, Temp, Time, Velocity & Zeta potential mostly used chemicals
Filter alum,activated alum,black alum,ferric sulfate,ferrous sulphate,chlorinated copperas and sodium aluminate
Coagulant Aid is a helping chemical which helps coagulant chemical for process

PH - Pressence of Hydrogen in Water

Good PH range is 5 to 8
If it is low than 5 water is acidic
If it is Higher than 8 water is alkaline
Coagulation needs high temp to perform best (35 - 45 )

In Coagulation high speed rapid mixer help to creata small floks and in flocculation paddle mixer used to these
Small floks in to large size floks

Aerobic,Anaerobic,Anoxic & Faculatative Process

Aerobic (oxic) Process - It is a biological treatment process happens in pressence of oxygen, this oxygen helps
Bacteria to grow.
In waste water tratment plant areation tank microoraganism need oxygen to grow and biologically degrade it
Impurities to treat water.
- Suspended Growth Process
- Attached Growth Process
- Combined Growth Process

Anaerobic Process - When in process we don't require oxygen for growth of bacteria and tratment will be done
by biologically process
Above there + sludge blanket
It helps in removing carbonitious from high strength waste water.

Anoxic Process + in this process when the shortage of oxygen happends then for the growth of microorganism
Nitrogen will be converted into hitrogen gas
- Suspended Growth Denitrification Process
- Attached Growth Denitrification Process

Facultative Process - When micro-organism cab grow with or without oxygen in waste water
Waste water Treatment
Primary Treatment (Mechanical Process)
Physical Treatment
- Screening - To remove dead animals, woodden logs, hard stone and big particles (solid waste)
- Grid Chamber - Here the velocity of effulant flow decreases results in removal of samall & medium size waste
Particles.
- Floating/skimmin tank - It helps to remove the oil and grease from the effulant by sending air to effullant
Chemical Treatment
- Sedimentation/clarification - Done with the help of alum.
- Coagulation - Done by adding chemical aid
- Flocculation
- Filteration

Secondary Treatment (Biological Treatment)

Aerobic sludge process - This process done by providing oxygen to micro-organisms + bacteria present in
Effulant waste water to decompose organic waste

- Trickline Filter - Done with the help of bacteria present in stone bed
Anaerobic Treatment
Tertiary treatment (Advance Chemical & Biological Treatment)
- Precipitation
- Nitrogen
- Chlorination
- UN light Radiation
- Ozone

TYPES OF STP
UASB - Upflow Aanaerobic Sludge Blanket
ASP - Activated Sludge Plant
RDS - Rotating Disc System
SAF - Subnerged Aerated Filter
SMF - Suspended Media Filter
SBT - Sequencing Batch Reactor
MBR - Memberane Bio Reactor
MBBR - Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor
Trickling Filter & Non Electric Filter
TYPES OF SEWAGE WATER
- Grey Water - Water Comes out From, Wash Basin, Bathing Area, Washing Machine etc.
- Black Water - Water Comes Out From, Toilet WC, Urinal & Kitchen Sink etc.

FPU - Final Polishing Unit

ASP - Activated Sludge Plant

- - - - - Fine Screen - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Primary

- - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - --
Coasre Screen Process
Excess
Sludge
- -- -- -- -- -- -
Raw Sewage Screening Grit Removal Primary Clarifier
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- - -- -- -- -

- - - - -
Inlet Chamber

---------
Aeration
Secondary Tank

------
- - - - - - - - - - - Clarifier
Secondary Treated Water
Process - - - - - - Tank
----------------------------------- Excess
Sludge

Filtrate To
Gas Holder Aeration Tank
Sludge
Sludge Drawing Sludge Thicker
Stabilisation
Beds

In this process raw sewerage water comes to inlet chamber where its flow can be controlled to send it into next
Chamber screening where with the help of coars filter (10-15mm gap) and fine filter (1mm to 6mm gap) help
to remove solid particles after that water send to grid removal chamber where other small solid particles sand,
Oil etc can be removed and the water send to primary clarification where process took 1.5 to 2.5 hours to settle
oraganic waste in to the bed of clarifier and fat, oil, greese comes at the help of scum remover till this the proces
is called primary now the waste water proceed to aeration tand where with the help of diffuser or surface aeration
helps air to mix in the water help the microoraganism to removed bod, odor and other remaining particles in this
process sludge which will be removed from secondary clarifier and finally the treated water send to the final treatment water tank

The most important factor here is the sludge comes from primary & secondary clarifier will be send to the sludge
thicker where comes up and send to aeration tank and the sludge send to sludge digestor to create gas and send
to the drawing beds for manure

SBR - Sequantial Batch Reactor

It Comprises of five Steps
Waste Water Step 1- Filling Treated Water
AIR Water Steo2- Aeration Treated Water
Steo3- Reaction Treated Water
Steo4- Settling Treated Water
Steo5- Decanting Treated Water
Decantor

Aeration Treated Chlorine Dosing

Raw Tank Water For Disinfection
Waste Inlet
Water
Chamber
Diffuses

Sludge Filt Rate to

Thicker Aeration Tank

Sludge Drying Beds Reaction

Tank

In this process Raw waste water send to inlet chamber and afte filtration it send to Aeration tank where process
such as geration, Reaction Settling and Decanting can be done in sequence one by one in one tank and sludge
send to sludge thicker to drying bed.
The other process in known as Aenurovic SBR where aeration process doesn't happen and only reaction will be done with chemical and
rapid mixer help to mixing and reacation which creater sludge and gas.
 SAF - Submerged Aeration Filter

Water Inlet Treated Water

-------------------------
T-1 T-2 T-3 Settling
Filter Tank
- - - - - - - - - - -Media
- - - - - - - - - - --

Process Air Diffuser Process Air Scum

Sludge Re-Cyling
Baffle
Screened
Inlet Baffle Trea
Waste
Water Water
Sludge
Holding Aeration Tank
Process Tank
Air
SAF Process Settling Tank

The process is secondary Treatment after Screening & Filteration effulant waste comes for secondary process
here for the treatment of water.
Media Filter - It helps to removal of suspended solid from waste water.

SMF - Suspended Media Filter

Air Blowdown

Feedin Chamber Raw Water Inlet+

Back Wash Water Outlet
Filter Media
Floor With
Nozzle
Back Wash
Water Inlet
Treated
Water
Water Outlet

This process in also secondary tratment after screening, filteration, grit chamber & primary clarifier the procesed
effulant send to this above final chamber for the treatment of water.

MBR - Membrance Bioreator it is combination of member process like ulatra filtration with

Sludge Process
Blower
Rapit Mixer P Treated
-------
-------
-------
-------

Water
------- -------
B
Stilling Screen
Coagulant Dosing
Chamber Chamber
Grit For Phosporus Removal
Chambers
Media Filter
(Membrane)
Rapid
Air Diffusers Mixer

Water
Sludge

Sludge Drying Bed Sludge Thicker

 MBBR - Moving Bed Bio Reactor or Bio Film Reactor

MBBR Control Panel

Raw Inlet Media Blower

Water
Lamella Treated
Eqvali Screen Settler Water
Sation For
Tank Sludge Disinfea-
ction
Air Tank 1 Tank 2
Diffuser

W Activated Pressure
Carbon Sand
S Filter Filter

Sludge Drying Bed

Sludge Thickner Treated

UV
Disinfection Water

It is a biological treatment process which combing biofilm media and conventional activated sludge process that
Involve floating high capacity micro-oraganism bio chip media within the aeration & anoxic tank. The media used
in this process provides adequate surface area to biological micro-oraganism for growing.
Comonents * Aeration grid - CPVC Coarse bubble aeartion assembly.
Media Reaction - SS 304
Biofilm Carrier Media - HDFE,Polyurethene

UASB - Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Gas Collection Tank

- - - - - - - - - - - -- Treated
Water

Baffle
Clarifier
Zone

Sludge
Blanket

Water Outlet
This process is single tank system here after primary treatment water send for secondary treatment from the bottom
of tank to maintain the velocity or effulan inlet flow of waste water sludge blanket holds granular biomass and allows
bio chemical reaction to take place clarifier provides opportonity for solids settling.

Wet land Sewage Treatment Plant

In this process in place of areation tank large wet land are used for the tratment of waste water. These wet land have
Plants and different granular biomass layer for water filtrations.

Silid Handling System

In primary treatment of wasre water we get lots of large particles such as plastic waste, hard wood, plastic particles
other house hold particle etc and little bit sludge all those large particle treated in a different manner but that sludge
Treatment is important in a same manner we get loads of sludge in sedimentation, settling tank and from clarifier
Tank of treatment process

Sludge Process Consist of Three Parts

Thickening
Digestion
Dewatering

Thickening of sludge can be done in a centefure where all the collected sludge can be send in to the machine
Chamber which has a rapid mixer in center which helps the sludge to get thick and helps the water to get sepearte
From sludge in digestion chamber sludge can be heated at a high temprature to kill the odour after these process
Sludge send to centefuse where it get rotated in centerfuse with high velocity that all the moisture content and water
Presend in water get seperated from sludge and it get hard which further send to the drying beds so that it can be
Used as manure in field & landscaping park.
During thicking process lots of bio gas (methane) has been produced which can be used further.

CCTV - Closed Circuit Television

Cameras - IP & HD
HD Cameras Mainly Used in Residences, Offices, Commercials, Institutional etc.

IP Cameras Used in traffic lights, Speed Monitoring, Defence System etc.

HD CCTV CAMERA IP CCTV CAMERA
- Work on Coaxile Cable - Cat 5 and Cat 6 Cable
- BNC Connector - RG 454 Connector
- DVR - NUR, Advance Hybrid DVR
- Max 8MP - 30MP
- 32 Camera DVR With Limited Smart Feature at Once - 64 Camera NVR With Limited Smart Feature at one
- Very Complex to Expend This System - Easy to Expand
- One Way Audio Communiaction - Two Way Communication
- Limited Features - Many Features
- 3-5 Years Life - 10 Years Life
- DVR -Digital Video Recording System - NUR -Network Video Recording System
- 50-100 % Expensive

Types of Ports Used in TV, Laptops

DVI- Digital Vedio Interface and For Audio Move Cable
HDMI-High Defination Media Input

Display Part - DP 1.2

Mainly Used in Airports, Banks, Institution etc.

Wire Less Cameras - Also Used How a Days.

Solid Waste Management

In 2018 Tirupati State wins award for its cleaniner major components

- Segregation of Dry & Wet Waste and Door to D Collertion

- Installation of Smart Toilets in the City Which Can Be Accessed Throgh Mobile and their Cleaniness
- Decomposing of Green Leafs in Parks, in South Koreo - Important Facts
- They made law waste management law first with law they introduce technology also results in land fill from
90% to 10% and recyling in 10% to 80%
- Volume based garbage rate system means u have to buy a garbage bag from MC in which they have restricted
The volume of waste to be defined that as per the volume of these bags u can produce waste if it exceed - Fine
Will be impose
Electric machine also installed for scruting it help in food wastege reduction
- Recycling of everything so that resources can be sustained.

Indoor Management
- City House
- Nursing Home, Clinic, Hospitals
- Marriage Halls, Hotels, Restaurants
- Street Vendors
- Temples
- Parks
- Railway Stations, Bus Depots
- Open Lands
- Authorised & Un Authorised Colony
- Sewerage Line and Storm Water Lines

GSM -Gram Per Square Meter

- In paper if we say 75gsm, 100gsm, 150gsm it means 75, 100 or 150 gram per square meter
- Some Thing in Quality and Blanket
150 to 300 gsm are suitable for warmer month
400 to 600 gsm microfibre or wool based
700 to 1400 gsm for feather based suitable for winters

SIZES
Single Size - 140 X 210 CM - 3'-8" X 7'-0"
King Single - 180 X 210 CM - 6'-0" X 7'-0"

Double - 180 X 210 CM - 6'-0" X 7'-0"

Queen - 210 X 210 CM - 7'-0" X 7'-0"
King - 240 X 210 CM - 8'-0" X 7'-0"

Bad Size Mattress India

Single Bed - 36" X 75"
Double Bed - 54" X 75"
Queen Bed - 60" X 75"
King Bed - 72" X 85"

And Thickness - 4", 5", 6", 8", 10", 12", 15", 18"

Bed Sizes
Single Bed - 36" X 75"
Double Bed - 54" X 75"
Queen Bed - 60" X 80"
King Bed - 76" X 80"
Cal King Bed- 72" X 84"

Sofa
Generally Material Used for Sofa are Wood, Board, Plastic, SS and Wicker
And Fabric Used For Sofa are Wide in Range
- Leatherite & Leather
- Fur
- Valvet
- Rug, Jute
- Cotton
- Linen Mainly For Cushion
- Rug

Wicker Sofa or Chair Mostly Used For Outdoor