Dr.

Nervana Ehab, PhD

Name: ____________________
Candidate Number: ________________

Mock Exam #8: Full Exam

Allowed time: 3 hours

Paper 2: __/40 (*1.5 = __/60)

Paper 4: __/80 (*1.25 = ___/100)
Paper 6: __/40

Mark Threshold
A*/9 = 83%
YOUR SCORE: ___/200
A*/8 = 74%
A/7 = 65%
B/6 = 55% Letter grade: ____
B/5 = 46%
C/4 = 36%
Numerical grade: ____
D/3 = 29%
E/2 = 22%
F/1 = 16%
 Cambridge IGCSE™

CHEMISTRY 45 minutes

Paper 2 Multiple Choice (Extended)

You must answer on the multiple choice answer sheet.

*6240325308*

You will need: Multiple choice answer sheet

Soft clean eraser
Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

INSTRUCTIONS
 There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions.
 For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct
and record your choice in soft pencil on the multiple choice answer sheet.
 Follow the instructions on the multiple choice answer sheet.
 Write in soft pencil.
 Write your name, centre number and candidate number on the multiple choice answer sheet in the
spaces provided unless this has been done for you.
 Do not use correction fluid.
 Do not write on any bar codes.
 You may use a calculator.

INFORMATION
 The total mark for this paper is 40.
 Each correct answer will score one mark.
 Any rough working should be done on this question paper.
 The Periodic Table is printed in the question paper.

This document has 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

[Turn over
 2

1 The diagram shows the changes of state between a solid, a liquid and a gas.

1 2
solid liquid gas
3 4

In which changes of state is energy being given out?

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 3 and 4

2 A coloured dye is separated by chromatography.

One component of the dye moves a distance of 13 cm and has an Rf value of 0.86.

Which distance did the solvent front move?

A 6.6 cm B 11.9 cm C 15.1 cm D 21.6 cm

3 A mixture contains salt, sand and sulfur.

Salt dissolves in water but not in xylene.

Sulfur dissolves in xylene but not in water.

Sand does not dissolve in water or xylene.

What is the order of the processes used to separate the salt, the sand and the sulfur from the
mixture?

A add water  filter  add xylene to the filtrate  filter

B add water  filter  add xylene to the residue  filter

C add xylene  filter  add water to the filtrate  filter

D add xylene  filter  add xylene to the residue  filter

4 Which statements about isotopes of the same element are correct?

1 They are atoms which have the same chemical properties because they have the
same number of electrons in their outer shell.
2 They are atoms which have the same number of electrons and neutrons but
different numbers of protons.
3 They are atoms which have the same number of electrons and protons but different
numbers of neutrons.

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 only D 3 only

 3

5 Which type of structure and bonding is present in an element that is malleable and conducts
electricity?

A covalent molecular
B ionic lattice
C covalent macromolecular
D metallic lattice

6 Which statements about potassium bromide are correct?

1 It has a high melting point.

2 It dissolves in water.
3 It conducts electricity when solid.

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 3 only

7 Which substance has a similar structure to silicon(IV) oxide?

A carbon dioxide
B diamond
C graphite
D sodium oxide

8 Caffeine is a stimulant found in coffee.

O CH3

H 3C C N
N C
C H
C C
N
O N

CH3

caffeine

Which formula represents caffeine?

A C7H10N4O2 B C8H10N3O2 C C8H10N4O2 D C8H11N4O2

[Turn over
 4

9 4.55 g of zinc is reacted with 50 cm3 of 2.25 mol / dm3 dilute hydrochloric acid.

The equation for the reaction is shown.

Zn + 2HCl  ZnCl 2 + H2

Which volume of hydrogen gas, at room temperature and pressure, is produced in the reaction?

A 1.35 dm3 B 1.67 dm3 C 2.70 dm3 D 3.34 dm3

10 In the electrolysis diagram, oxidation is occurring at electrode 1 and reduction at electrode 2.

battery

electrode 1 electrode 2

electrolyte

Which row shows the directions of movement of the electrons in the external circuit and of the
positive ions in the electrolyte?

direction of movement of direction of movement of

electrons in external circuit positive ions in electrolyte

A 12 12
B 12 21
C 21 12
D 21 21

11 When an acid is added to an alkali, the temperature of the reaction mixture rises.

Which words describe this reaction?

A decomposition and endothermic

B decomposition and exothermic
C neutralisation and endothermic
D neutralisation and exothermic
 5

12 Some properties of four fuels are shown.

Which fuel is a gas at room temperature and makes two products when it burns in a plentiful
supply of air?

melting point boiling point

fuel formula
/ C / C

A hydrogen H2 –259 –253

B methane CH4 –182 –164
C octane C8H18 –57 126
D wax C31H64 60 400

13 Ethene can undergo complete combustion, as shown.

H H

C C + 3O O 2O C O + 2H O H

H H

Some bond energies are given in the table.

bond energy
bond
in kJ / mol

C=C 612
C–H 412
O–H 463
O=O 496

The energy change of the reaction is –1408 kJ / mol.

What is the bond energy of the C=O bond in CO2?

A 454 kJ / mol B 673 kJ / mol C 826 kJ / mol D 1619 kJ / mol

[Turn over
 6

14 A student adds excess zinc to dilute hydrochloric acid at 25 C.

The hydrogen gas produced is collected and measured at room temperature and pressure.

The results are plotted and labelled as curve X on the graph.

The experiment is repeated at 50 C with all other conditions remaining the same.

Which graph shows the results at 50 C?

volume of X
hydrogen gas C

0
0 time

15 Dinitrogen tetroxide, N2O4, is converted into nitrogen dioxide, NO2, in a reversible reaction.

N2O4(g) 2NO2(g)

The forward reaction is endothermic.

Which conditions give the highest equilibrium yield of nitrogen dioxide?

pressure
temperature
/ atmospheres

A 2 high
B 2 low
C 50 high
D 50 low
 7

16 When magnesium is heated with zinc oxide a reaction occurs.

The equation is shown.

Mg + ZnO  MgO + Zn

Which substance is oxidised?

A magnesium
B magnesium oxide
C zinc
D zinc oxide

17 The diagram shows an experiment.

aqueous P

tap

solid Q

A small volume of aqueous P is poured on to solid Q and the tap of the funnel closed.

Which pairs of substances cause the syringe to fill with gas?

HNO3 HCl H2SO4

and and and
Mg Cu Na2CO3

A   
B   
C   
D   

[Turn over
 8

18 Ethanoic acid reacts with water to produce an acidic solution.

Which row describes the roles of ethanoic acid and water in this reaction?

ethanoic acid water

A accepts a proton donates a proton

B accepts an electron donates an electron
C donates a proton accepts a proton
D donates an electron accepts an electron

19 Aqueous ammonium sulfate is made by reacting aqueous ammonia with dilute sulfuric acid.

How is solid ammonium sulfate obtained from the resulting solution?

A crystallisation
B distillation
C filtration
D solvent extraction

20 Carbon forms two oxides: carbon monoxide, CO, and carbon dioxide, CO2.

Which row describes these two oxides?

CO CO2

A acidic acidic
B acidic neutral
C neutral acidic
D neutral neutral

21 Group II elements show the same trends as Group I elements.

Which statement about elements in Group II is correct?

A The melting point of barium is higher than the melting point of calcium.
B Barium is more reactive than beryllium.
C Strontium would not react with oxygen.
D Magnesium is more dense than barium.
 9

22 Some information about properties of Group I elements is shown.

melting point density

element
/ C in g / cm3

lithium 181 0.53

sodium 98 0.97
potassium X
rubidium Y Z

What are the values for X, Y and Z?

X Y Z

A 63 252 0.26
B 63 39 0.26
C 39 63 1.53
D 63 39 1.53

23 Which statements describe properties of transition elements?

1 They form coloured compounds.

2 They have variable oxidation states.
3 They have low densities.
4 They are volatile.

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 3 and 4

24 Which statement about the extraction of aluminium by electrolysis is correct?

A Aluminium is extracted from its ore, cryolite.

B Aluminium is formed at the positive electrode.
C Bauxite is used to lower the temperature of the extraction process.
D Graphite is used for both the positive and negative electrodes.

[Turn over
 10

25 Copper(II) nitrate and zinc carbonate are heated strongly in separate test-tubes.

Which row identifies the gases produced?

copper(II) nitrate zinc carbonate

A oxygen and nitrogen dioxide carbon dioxide only

B oxygen and nitrogen dioxide carbon dioxide and oxygen
C nitrogen dioxide only carbon dioxide and oxygen
D nitrogen dioxide only carbon dioxide only

26 Iron from a blast furnace can be converted to steel.

Which statements about steel are correct?

1 Steel contains more carbon than the iron obtained from the blast furnace.
2 Steel is produced by blowing oxygen through the iron.
3 Calcium oxide is added to molten iron to remove basic oxides.

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 2 only

27 Which metal is used to galvanise steel?

A copper
B lead
C tin
D zinc
 11

28 The diagram shows a stage in the purification of dirty water.

dirty water
sand
pot with holes
fine gravel in bottom

coarse gravel

Which process does this apparatus show?

A chlorination
B condensation
C distillation
D filtration

29 Which substance in polluted air damages stonework and kills trees?

A carbon dioxide
B carbon monoxide
C lead compounds
D sulfur dioxide

30 Which row explains why a high temperature and an iron catalyst are used in the manufacture of
ammonia by the Haber process?

high temperature iron catalyst

A increases the rate of the reaction increases the equilibrium yield of ammonia
B increases the rate of the reaction increases the rate of the reaction
C increases the equilibrium yield of ammonia increases the equilibrium yield of ammonia
D increases the equilibrium yield of ammonia increases the rate of the reaction

[Turn over
 12

31 The scheme shows four stages in the conversion of sulfur to sulfuric acid.

In which stage is a catalyst used?

stage A sulfur stage B sulfur

sulfur
air dioxide air trioxide

concentrated
stage C
sulfuric acid

concentrated stage D
oleum
sulfuric acid water

32 Which element has an oxide that is used as a food preservative?

A helium
B hydrogen
C iron
D sulfur

33 Which substance gives off carbon dioxide on heating?

A lime
B limestone
C limewater
D slaked lime

34 Which formula represents ethanol?

A CH3CH3 B CH2CH2 C CH3CH2OH D CH3COOH

35 Which statement about structural isomers is correct?

A They have the same structure but different reactivity.

B They have the same general formula but a different number of carbon atoms in their
molecules.
C They have the same structure but different relative molecular masses.
D They have different structures but the same numbers of each type of atom.
 13

36 Which formula is the same in methanol, ethanol and propanol?

A empirical formula
B general formula
C molecular formula
D structural formula

37 Ethene reacts with water under suitable conditions.

Which statement about this reaction is correct?

A The product of this reaction has an Mr of 46.

B The reaction produces two different products.
C The reaction occurs when ethene gas is bubbled into cold water in the presence of an acid
catalyst.
D The reaction is a redox reaction.

38 Ethanoic acid is made by reacting ethanol with acidified potassium manganate(VII).

Which type of reaction occurs when ethanol reacts with acidified potassium manganate(VII)?

A displacement
B fermentation
C oxidation
D neutralisation

[Turn over
 14

39 Which structure represents Terylene?

H O O O

A N C N C N C

H H

B O O O

C C O O C
C
O O O

H H O O

D N C N C N C

O H

40 The equation shows the formation of a polymer called Kevlar.

n HOOC COOH + n H 2N NH2

– H2 O

O O

C C N N

H H n

Which row describes Kevlar?

how the polymer is formed type of polymer

A addition polymerisation polyamide

B addition polymerisation polyester
C condensation polymerisation polyamide
D condensation polymerisation polyester
 15

BLANK PAGE

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.
 The Periodic Table of Elements
Group
I II III IV V VI VII VIII
1 2

H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
16

55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
lanthanoids
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Fl Lv
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium flerovium livermorium
– – – – – – – – – – – – –

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).
 Cambridge IGCSE™
*5656332582*

CHEMISTRY 1 hour 15 minutes

Paper 4 Theory (Extended)

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 80.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
● The Periodic Table is printed in the question paper.

This document has 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

[Turn over
 2

1 The names of the elements of Period 2 of the Periodic Table are shown.

lithium beryllium boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon

Answer the following questions about these elements.

Each element may be used once, more than once or not at all.

Identify the element which:

(a) is a product of photosynthesis

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) has an oxide found in clean, dry air

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) forms a basic oxide with the formula X2O

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) is
 a main component of fertilisers used to improve crop growth

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(e) has the highest rate of diffusion at room temperature

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(f) produces
 a red flame in a flame test

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(g) has only 5 electrons in each of its atoms

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(h) has
 an oxide responsible for acid rain.

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 8]
 3

2 Potassium is a Group I element.

(a) Name
 and describe the bonding in potassium.

name ...........................................................................................................................................

description ..................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................
[4]

(b) Potassium
 combines with sulfur to form an ionic compound, potassium sulfide, K2S.

(i) Give two physical properties of ionic compounds.

1 ...........................................................................................................................................

2 ...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) 
Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement and charges of
the ions in potassium sulfide.

....... .......

K S

.......

[3]

[Turn over
 4

(c) When
 potassium is added to water, it reacts vigorously and a coloured flame is seen.
The equation for the reaction is shown.

2K(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2KOH(aq) + H2(g)

(i) State
 the colour of the flame seen.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) The
 solution formed is potassium hydroxide, a strong alkali.

State the formula of the ion responsible for alkalinity in a solution.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) 
State the colour of litmus in a strong alkali.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iv) 
Calculate the volume, in cm3, of hydrogen gas formed when 2.34 g of potassium is added
to excess water at room temperature and pressure.

Use the following steps.

● Calculate the number of moles of potassium added.

= .............................. mol

● Determine the number of moles of hydrogen gas formed.

= .............................. mol

● Calculate the volume of hydrogen gas formed.

volume = .............................. cm3

[3]
 5

(d) Aqueous
 potassium hydroxide reacts with a dilute acid to produce aqueous potassium chloride,
KCl (aq), which is a salt.

(i) Name the dilute acid used.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) State
 the type of reaction taking place.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) 
Name the experimental technique used when salts are made by reacting a dilute acid with
an aqueous alkali.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(e) When
 aqueous silver nitrate, AgNO3(aq), is added to aqueous potassium chloride, a precipitate
is formed.

(i) State the colour of the precipitate formed.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) 
Name the precipitate formed.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) Write the ionic equation for the reaction. Include state symbols.

........................................................................................................................................ [3]

[Total: 23]

[Turn over
 6

3 Ammonia is made in an industrial process starting with nitrogen. The equation for the reaction is
shown.

N2 + 3H2 2NH3

(a) Name the industrial process used to make ammonia.

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) State the raw material from which nitrogen is obtained.

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) State what is meant by the symbol .

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) State the temperature and pressure used in this industrial process.

temperature = .............................. °C

pressure = .............................. atm

[2]

(e) Name the catalyst used in this industrial process.

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(f) The forward reaction is exothermic.


State the effect, if any, on the position of the equilibrium when the following changes are made.
Explain your answers.

temperature is reduced

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

pressure is reduced

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................
[4]
 7

(g) Explain,
 in terms of particles, what happens to the rate of reaction when the temperature is
reduced.

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................... [3]

(h) Give
 the formula of the compound formed when sulfuric acid reacts with ammonia.

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 14]

[Turn over
 8

4 A student prepares calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2, by adding calcium carbonate to dilute nitric acid.

(a) Write the chemical equation for this reaction.

............................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Describe two observations during this reaction.

1 ..................................................................................................................................................

2 ..................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) The student continues to add calcium carbonate until it is in excess. The student then removes
the excess calcium carbonate by filtration and collects the aqueous calcium nitrate.

State the general term given to a solution collected from filtration.

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) The student gently heats the aqueous calcium nitrate until the solution is saturated.

(i) 
Suggest what is meant by the term saturated solution.

..............................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................ [2]

(ii) 
Describe how crystals are produced from a hot saturated solution.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]
 9

(e) Calcium nitrate
 crystals are hydrated and have the formula Ca(NO3)2•xH2O where x is a whole
number of molecules of water.

The student heats the crystals to remove the molecules of water.

Ca(NO3)2•xH2O(s) → Ca(NO3)2(s) + xH2O(g)

(i) State the term used to describe the calcium nitrate after the molecules of water have been
removed.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) The
 student heats a sample of Ca(NO3)2•xH2O and forms 2.46 g of Ca(NO3)2 and
0.0600 moles of H2O.

Determine the value of x. Use the following steps.

● Calculate the Mr of Ca(NO3)2.

Mr = ..............................

● Determine the number of moles of Ca(NO3)2 formed.

moles of Ca(NO3)2 formed = ..............................

● Determine the value of x in Ca(NO3)2•xH2O.

x = ..............................
[3]

(f) Nitrates decompose on heating.

Write the chemical equation for the reaction when solid sodium nitrate is heated.

............................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 14]

[Turn over
 10

5 Ethene is an alkene which reacts with bromine as shown in the equation.

C2H4 + Br2 → C2H4Br2

(a) Write the general formula of alkenes.

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Describe the colour change seen when ethene is bubbled through aqueous bromine.

from ................................................................ to ................................................................. [1]

(c) In this reaction only one product is formed from two reactants.

Name this type of organic reaction.

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) Part of the energy profile diagram of this reaction is shown.

C2H4 + Br2
energy

progress of reaction

(i) The reaction is exothermic.


Complete the energy profile diagram for this reaction.
Include:

● the position of the products

● an arrow to show the activation energy, labelled as A

● an arrow to show the energy change for the reaction.

[3]
 11

(ii) The
 chemical equation for the reaction can be represented as shown.

H H H H

C C + Br Br  Br C C Br

H H H H

Some bond energies are given.

bond energy
bond
/ kJ mol
C–H 410
C=C 610
Br–Br 190
C–C 350
C–Br 290

Use the bond energies in the table to calculate the energy change in this reaction.

Use the following steps.

● Calculate the energy needed to break bonds.

energy = .............................. kJ

● Calculate the energy released in making bonds.

energy = .............................. kJ

● Determine the energy change in this reaction.

energy change in this reaction = .............................. kJ / mol

[3]

[Total: 9]

[Turn over
 12

6 Ester  Y has the structure shown.

O H

H C O C H

(a) (i) Name ester  Y.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) 
Deduce the empirical formula of ester Y.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(b) Complete
 the dot-and-cross diagram to show the arrangement of electrons in a molecule of
ester Y.

O
H

H C O C H

[3]
 13

(c) Ester  Y can be made by reacting two organic compounds together.

Name
 the compounds and draw their structures.

Show
 all of the atoms and all of the bonds.

n
 ame ..............................................................

s  tructure

n
 ame ..............................................................

s  tructure

[4]

(d) (i) Describe what is meant by the term structural isomer.

..............................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................ [2]

(ii) 
Name a carboxylic acid which is a structural isomer of ester Y.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

[Total: 12]

[Turn over
 14

BLANK PAGE
 15

BLANK PAGE

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.
 The Periodic Table of Elements
Group
I II III IV V VI VII VIII
1 2

H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
16

85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
lanthanoids
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Fl Lv
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium flerovium livermorium
– – – – – – – – – – – – –

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).
 Cambridge IGCSE™
*4647823607*

CHEMISTRY 1 hour

Paper 6 Alternative to Practical

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 40.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 12 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

[Turn over
 2

1 Sulfur dioxide gas is toxic, denser than air and soluble in water. Sulfur dioxide gas can be made by
adding dilute hydrochloric acid to solid sodium sulfite and heating the mixture. The gas made can
be dried by passing it through concentrated sulfuric acid.

The diagram shows the apparatus a student used to try and collect some dry sulfur dioxide gas.
There are two errors in the way the apparatus has been set up.

inverted gas jar

dilute
hydrochloric acid

A
concentrated
sulfuric acid
B

(a) Indicate with an arrow on the diagram where heat should be applied. [1]

(b) Give the name of the item of apparatus labelled A.

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Give the name of the substance labelled B.

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) Suggest why this experiment should be carried out in a fume cupboard.

.....................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................... [1]
 3

(e) Identify the two errors in the way the apparatus has been set up.

1 ..................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

2 ..................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 6]

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 4

BLANK PAGE
 5

2 A student investigated how the solubility of sodium sulfate in water changes with temperature.

Eight experiments were done.

Experiment 1
● The mass of an empty evaporating basin was found.
● An excess of solid sodium sulfate was placed in a beaker.
● 100  cm3 of cold water was added to the beaker.
● The mixture in the beaker was stirred and heated until it had reached a temperature of 15 °C.
Some of the sodium sulfate had dissolved to form a saturated solution.
● A 25.0 cm3 portion of the saturated solution was removed from the beaker and transferred to
the evaporating basin.
● The evaporating basin was heated until no more steam could be seen and solid sodium sulfate
remained in the evaporating basin.
● The mass of the evaporating basin and the solid sodium sulfate remaining was found.

Experiment 2
● Experiment 1 was repeated but the mixture in the beaker was heated to a higher temperature
than in Experiment 1.

Experiment 3
● Experiment 2 was repeated but the mixture in the beaker was heated to a higher temperature
than in Experiment 2.

Experiment 4
● Experiment 3 was repeated but the mixture in the beaker was heated to a higher temperature
than in Experiment 3.

Experiment 5
● Experiment 4 was repeated but the mixture in the beaker was heated to a higher temperature
than in Experiment 4.

Experiment 6
● Experiment 5 was repeated but the mixture in the beaker was heated to a higher temperature
than in Experiment 5.

Experiment 7
● Experiment 6 was repeated but the mixture in the beaker was heated to a higher temperature
than in Experiment 6.

Experiment 8
● Experiment 7 was repeated but the mixture in the beaker was heated to a higher temperature
than in Experiment 7.

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 6

(a) Complete
 the table by using the thermometer diagrams and calculating the mass of solid
sodium sulfate remaining in the evaporating basin at each temperature.

mass of evaporating
mass of empty mass of solid
thermometer temperature basin and solid
experiment evaporating sodium sulfate
diagram / °C sodium sulfate
basin / g remaining / g
remaining / g

20

1 15 15 54.2 58.1

10

30

2 25 56.3 62.2

20

30

3 25 57.1 66.7

20

35

4 30 58.0 69.7

25

40

5 35 57.6 69.9

30

50

6 45 56.4 68.1

40

65

7 60 55.9 67.1

55

90

8 85 57.6 68.4

80

[4]
 7

(b) Plot the results from Experiments 1 to 8 on the grid.


Draw two curves of best fit, one through the first four points and one through the second four
points. Extend the two curves so that they cross.

14

12

10
mass of solid
sodium sulfate
remaining / g
8

2
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
temperature / C
[4]

(c) (i) 
From your graph, deduce the mass of solid sodium sulfate that remains in the evaporating
basin when the mixture in the beaker is heated to 55 °C.

Show clearly on the grid how you worked out your answer.

mass of solid sodium sulfate remaining = .............................. g [2]

(ii) The
 mass of solid sodium sulfate remaining in (c)(i) is the mass of sodium sulfate that will
dissolve in 25.0 cm3 of solution at 55 °C.


Use your answer to (c)(i) to calculate the concentration, in g / dm3, of saturated aqueous
sodium sulfate at 55 °C.
(1 dm3 = 1000 cm3)

concentration = .............................. g / dm3 [1]

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 8

(d) The
 student repeated the experiment and found 11.0 g of solid sodium sulfate remained in the
evaporating basin.

Use
 your graph to deduce the two possible temperatures to which the mixture in the beaker
may have been heated.

................................................................. and ��������������������������������������������������������������������� [2]

(e) Name
 an item of apparatus that can be used to remove the 25.0 cm3 portion of saturated
solution from the beaker.

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(f) (i) Suggest why it is important that an excess of sodium sulfate is added to the water in the
beaker.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) 
Suggest why the mixture in the beaker was stirred as it was heated.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(g) The saturated solution was heated until no more steam could be seen and solid sodium sulfate
remained in the evaporating basin.

Suggest a better way of ensuring that all of the water has been evaporated.

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................... [2]

 your graph in (b) to deduce what would be observed if a saturated solution of sodium sulfate
(h) Use
at 80 °C is cooled to 50 °C.

.....................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 19]
 9

3 Two substances, solid W and solid X, were analysed. Solid W was zinc bromide.

tests on solid W


Complete the expected observations.

Solid  W was dissolved in water to form solution W. Solution W was divided into three equal portions.

(a) To the first portion of solution W, aqueous ammonia was added dropwise and then in excess.

observations ...............................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) To
 the second portion of solution  W, 1 cm3 of dilute nitric acid followed by a few drops of
aqueous barium nitrate were added.

observations ......................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) To
 the third portion of solution W, 1 cm3 of dilute nitric acid followed by a few drops of aqueous
silver nitrate were added.

observations ......................................................................................................................... [1]

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 10

tests on solid X

tests observations
test 1

About 1 g of solid X was placed in a the acidified aqueous

boiling tube and heated strongly. A strip potassium manganate(VII)
of filter paper soaked in acidified aqueous turned from purple to colourless
potassium manganate(VII) solution was held at
the mouth of the boiling tube.

The remaining solid X was dissolved in water

to form solution X. Solution X was divided into
three equal portions.

test 2

1 cm3 of dilute nitric acid and a few drops of no change

aqueous silver nitrate were added to the first
portion of solution X.

test 3

1 cm3 of dilute nitric acid and a few drops of a white precipitate formed

aqueous barium nitrate were added to the
second portion of solution X.

test 4

Aqueous sodium hydroxide was added a green precipitate formed

dropwise and then in excess to the third portion and remained in excess
of solution X.

(d) (i) Name the gas given off in test 1.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Water
 vapour is also given off in test 1.

Give a chemical test for water and the expected observation if water is present.

substance used ...................................................................................................................

observation ..........................................................................................................................
[2]

(e) Identify solid  X.

.....................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 9]
 11

4 The leaves of some trees contain coloured substances which can be used as pH indicators. These
coloured substances are soluble in ethanol but insoluble in water.

You should assume that nothing else in the leaves is soluble in ethanol.

Plan an investigation to extract the coloured substances from some leaves and test them to see if
they work as a pH indicator.

You are provided with leaves from a tree and common laboratory apparatus and chemicals.

............................................................................................................................................................

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...................................................................................................................................................... [6]

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BLANK PAGE

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