Chapter 11-14

Key Points Presentation

Social Studies 7
 Identity
Western Canada: A Pluralistic
Society - Pluralism
 Immigration Policies
How did changing demographics resulting from
Clifford Sifton’s immigration policies affect the
collective identity of Francophones in communities
across western Canada?
AND
How have Canadian immigration policies contributed
to increased diversity and multiculturalism within the
Canadian population?

• Wilfred Laurier (first French PM) noted that “The twentieth

century belongs to Canada.” He thought Canada could
become a great nation; the only thing that was missing was
PEOPLE!
 Clifford Sifton’s Immigration Policies
• Clifford Sifton, an MP from Manitoba and Minister of
the Interior from 1896 to 1905, started an enormous
campaign to attract newcomers to Canada. He
advertised to the United States, Great Britain and
Eastern Europe using the following techniques:
– He advertised Canada on posters and brochures printed in
many languages.
– He had the government bring in foreign journalists to tour the
country and write positive articles in their papers when they got
home.
– He had the government send speakers around the world to get
people excited about moving to the Canadian West.
– He even sent a stuffed buffalo to London to get people
excited…and it worked!
Push and Pull Factors
 Push Factors
Emigration
• Reasons for Emigrating
– Population growth
– Religious persecution
– Political persecution
– Natural disaster
– Affordable travel
 Pull Factors
Immigration
Reasons for Immigration
• Free land
• Jobs
• Completed railway
• Better machinery
• Improved farming techniques
• Growing demand for wheat
• Religious and political freedom
• Friends and family
 Push and Pull Factors
Created by Government Beyond the Government’s
Policy PULL Control PUSH
•Free or inexpensive land •Population growth in other countries
•Jobs available in such industries as •Lack of jobs in other countries
mining, logging, and the railways •Shortage of farmland in other
•Railways to carry farm produce to countries
markets •Religious persecution
•Railways made travel easier •Political persecution
•Improved farming techniques •Improved economies in other
•Religious and political freedom countries meant people had money
to move
Western Migration and Immigration
 Churches and Immigration
What strategies were used by religious communities
and missionaries to encourage migration and
immigration to western Canada from eastern Canada
and the United States?
• In some countries, religious groups were discriminated
against and pushed around by their governments.
• Canada was a safe place for the following groups:
– Anglicans from Great Britain: Established themselves
in modern day Lloydminster.
– The Hutterites: Members of this pacifist Protestant religious
group were being forced to fight in the Russian army. They
originally moved to the US, but because they spoke German,
they were discriminated against again after WWI. They then
moved to southern Manitoba and Alberta so they could avoid
military service and educate their children in their own schools.
– British Home Children: Religious and charitable organizations set up
adoptions of 100,000 British children in Canada between 1867 and
1924. These children were usually orphans or had parents too poor to
care for them. They could be adopted by families in the west and would
be sent to school while they worked on the farms of their adoptive
families.
 Francophone Communities
How did communities, services and businesses established by
Francophones contribute to the overall development of western
Canada (i.e. health, education, churches, commerce, politics,
journalism, agriculture)?
AND
What strategies and conditions are needed for the
Franco-Albertan community to counter assimilation?
• Many of the names of rivers, lakes, and other regions in the West
are or French origin.

Father Lacombe Chapel in St. Albert

Francophone Communities
• Many Canadiens came west as missionaries . An
example would be The Grey Nuns, who started a
convent and school at St. Boniface and a hospital and
Lac Saint-Anne.
• Some Canadiens came to start businesses. An example
is the West Canadian Collieries, who operated coal
mines in the Rocky Mountains.
• The West was becoming
increasingly more
English.
• The Catholic Church had
to advertise life in the
west to Catholics in
France and Belgium in
order to increase the
population of French
people in the west.
• The newspaper “Le
Courrier de L’Ouest”
helped lure people back
from the United States to
French settlements in
Canada.
• 1982: Charter of Rights
and Freedoms
recognizes Francophone
education rights.
 Time for Board Game
• You must create 5 questions and answers
based on chapter 11 and the essential
topics.
• Have you completed the vocabulary for
chapter 11.
 Chapter 12
Changing Societies in the West
The National Policy
• John A. Macdonald’s TIE!
–T = Transportation Policy
–I = Immigration Policy
–E = Economic Policy
 The Numbered Treaties and Treaty Number 7

What challenges and opportunities have emerged as a

result of increases in the Aboriginal population in
western Canada?
• The Numbered Treaties
were 11 agreements signed
by the First Nations people
and the Canadian
government between 1871
and 1921.
• The government signed
these treaties to gain
control of the land and
natural resources so that
immigrants from outside
Canada could come and
live there.
• The government knew that
without treaties, there
would be wars.
 Assimilation
• The First Nations people wanted to protect land and resources for
themselves, but also knew that they could use food and money from
the government as their food supply was wearing out and disease
threatened many tribes.
• Land was set aside in the form of reserves in many treaties.
• The government made many attempts to assimilate the First
Nations people through residential schools.
Eastern European Immigrants: Education and Health,
Cultural Activities
How did immigrants from Eastern Europe contribute to the
development of western Canada (i.e. health, education, churches,
commerce, politics, journalism, agriculture)?

• Life was very hard in Eastern Europe at this time; most families lived
in poverty and with religious discrimination (Doukhobors,
Mennonites and Jews).
• The Canadian government promised them free land and religious
freedom.
• Most settled in Canada in groups of people from their country of
origin, or who spoke the same language.
• Contributed to economy largely through farming (large wheat farms).
• Also worked in mines and logging camps.
• Built schools and benefit societies to support their communities.
• Also formed clubs, newspapers and other organizations so they
could share their language and culture with one another and to keep
the community strong.
• Also participated in politics to improve the lives of the people in the
West.
Metro’s Story
Metro’s Journey
 Chinese Immigration to the
West
• Activities After the Railway
– Some Chinese returned to China
– Others worked as cooks, storekeepers,
farmers, and in salmon canneries
– Many opened laundries and restaurants
• Policies: Chinese Head Tax
– Law was used to keep Asians from
immigrating to Canada

•Chinatowns
- Distinctive neighbourhoods developed
where Chinese immigrants moved to
 Manitoba Act
How has the Official Languages Act contributed to
bilingualism in Canada?
• In 1969, the Canadian government voted in the
Official Languages Act.
• It ensures that every citizen has the right to
federal government services in either official
language.

• Before: other steps towards bilingualism:

– The Quebec Act of 1774
– The Manitoba Act,1870: French and English equal in
provincial government
 Time for Board Game
• You must create 5 questions and answers
based on chapter 12 and the essential
topics.
• Have you completed the vocabulary for
chapter 12.
Chapter 13 A New Canada
 Industry and the Industrial
Revolution
• Where did most people live – in cities or the country?
• What occupations did people have?
• Following Confederation was the start of large industries
– the industrial revolution.
• The Industrial Revolution began when people started
using mechanical power.
• When people started using computers instead of
typewriters it was called the computer revolution.
• How did the emergence of large factories in Canada
contribute to the development of Canada’s
economy?
– Move from cottage industry to factories resulted in
more efficient production.
– Division of labor and the assembly line were
introduced.
– Three new railroads were built to transport goods.
– New products introduced.
– Factories were very dangerous and were often
compared to jails.
 What are the social and economic effects of the changing roles
and images of women in Canadian society (i.e. right to vote,
working conditions, changing family structures)?

• Women in the Workplace

– New technologies in the home gave women more free
time, which prompted them to seek work outside the
home.
– During the world wars, women replaced men in
factories and other jobs that had been dominated by
men.
• Women Get the Vote
– Women began to be
organized in order to get
suffrage.
– Prairie provinces gave
women the right to vote in
1916, and the federal
government did the same in
1918.
– The Dominion Elections Act
of 1920 allowed women to
sit in the House of
Commons.
– “The Persons Case”: The
Famous Five got the
highest court in England to
rule that women were
persons, and that gave
them the right to sit in the
Senate.
 Technology
• What impact has increased
urbanization had on rural
communities in Canada?
– After WWI, many people came to
live in Canadian cities to be close
to factories.
– Farm workers were being
replaced by machines, so they
moved as well.
– Suburbs sprung up everywhere,
and neighborhoods were
connected by streetcars.
• In what ways did technological
advances contribute to the
development of Canada (i.e. aviation,
farming equipment, radio
transmissions, electronics,
multimedia)?

– The Horseless Carriage: Canadians

began driving cars after WWI.
Assembly lines kept the costs low. By
1929, 1.2 million cars were on the
road.
– First Canadian flight: In 1909, J.A.D.
McCurdy designed and flew the Silver
Dart for almost a kilometer in
Baddeck, Nova Scotia. Canadian
fighter pilots flew in WWI. The first
passenger planes began flying in the
1920s.
– Radio: The first station came on in
Montreal in 1920. By 1930, there were
60 stations across the country.
– Global TV began in Calgary in 1954.
– THE CBC
 Time for Board Game
• You must create 5 questions and answers
based on chapter 13 and the essential
topics.
• Finish vocabulary for chapter 13.
 What effects have La Societe Radio-Canada (SRC) and the
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) had on Canadian
identity?

Click on the picture to see a Power Point!

 Time for Board Game
• You must create 5 questions and answers
based on chapter 14 and the essential
topics.
• Finish vocabulary for chapter 14.