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Celestial Navigation Adopted

1. Celestial navigation uses the positions of stars and planets to determine a ship's position at sea. Key concepts include the first point of Aries, zenith, sidereal hour angle, Greenwich hour angle, local hour angle, declination, altitude, and azimuth. 2. A sextant is used to measure the altitude of celestial objects above the horizon. It has an arc that is one-sixth of a circle and can measure angles up to 130 degrees. 3. Factors that affect celestial measurements include errors in the sextant, parallax as objects appear in different positions from different viewing angles, and refraction which makes objects appear higher than they actually are due to changes in air

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27 views

Celestial Navigation Adopted

1. Celestial navigation uses the positions of stars and planets to determine a ship's position at sea. Key concepts include the first point of Aries, zenith, sidereal hour angle, Greenwich hour angle, local hour angle, declination, altitude, and azimuth. 2. A sextant is used to measure the altitude of celestial objects above the horizon. It has an arc that is one-sixth of a circle and can measure angles up to 130 degrees. 3. Factors that affect celestial measurements include errors in the sextant, parallax as objects appear in different positions from different viewing angles, and refraction which makes objects appear higher than they actually are due to changes in air

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Wutang
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Celestial Navigation 18.

Altitude
1. First Point of Aries/Libra
2. Zenith / Nadir
3. Sidereal hour angle SHA
4. Greenwich Hour Angle
(GHA)
5. Local Hour Angle (LHA)
6. Declination
7. Altitude
8. Azimuth
9. Amplitude
10. Greenwich Mean Time
11. Local Mean Time
12. Definition of Sextant
13. Main Parts of Sextant
14. Angle of Sextant
15. Sextant Error
16. Parallax
17. Refraction
3. The sidereal hour angle, SHA, is the angular
1. First Point of Aries/Libra distance of a body from the hour circle of the
First Point of Aries. In astronomy, we need first point of Aries (also called vernal equinox),
a celestial coordinate system for fixing the measured westward from 0° through 360°.
positions of all celestial bodies in
the celestial sphere. ... It is the point at which the
Sun crosses the celestial equator moving from
south to north along the ecliptic, also called vernal
Equinox.
first point of Libra. The point of intersection of the
ecliptic and the celestial equator (equinoctial) when
the sun is moving from the north to the south
direction. It is denoted by the symbol λ. Also called
autumnal equinox.
2. Zenith / Nadir
The zenith is an imaginary point directly "above" a
particular location, on the imaginary celestial
sphere. vertical direction opposite to the
gravitational force at that location. The opposite
direction, i.e. the direction in which gravity pulls, is
toward the nadir. The zenith is the "highest" point
on the celestial sphere. The direction opposite of
the nadir is the zenith.

4. Greenwich Hour Angle (GHA) 5. Local Hour Angle (LHA)


Greenwich Hour Angle between the Greenwich Local Hour Angle is the angle between the meridian
Meridian and the meridian of a celestial body is of the celestial object and the meridian of the
known as the. indicates the position past the plane observer, LHA = GHA (of celestial object) -
of the Greenwich meridian measured in degrees. Longitude (of observer).
Equivalent to longitude on earth. It can be followed
by East or West.
6. Declination
Declination is equivalent to the latitude on earth. it is followed by North or South same as latitude. Declination's angle is
measured north or south of the celestial equator, along the hour circle passing through the point in question.

7. Altitude
The Altitude of a celestial body is its angular distance
above the Horizon. The Altitude of a celestial body may
be measured with a sextant to give the measured
Altitude.
8. Azimuth
The azimuth of a heavenly body is the angle at the
observer’s zenith contained between the observer’s
meridian and the vertical circle passing through the
body.

9. Amplitude
The amplitude of a heavenly body is the arc of horizon contained between the position of the body when rising or
setting and the East or West point of the horizon. Alternatively, it is the angle between the bearing of the body when
rising or setting and the East or West direction.
10. Greenwich Mean Time
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) originally referred to the mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich,
London. It is now often used to refer to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
11. Local Mean Time
Local Mean Time (LMT) is a type of solar time, a timekeeping method using the Sun's movements across the sky.
Local Mean Time is the Mean Solar Time for a specific location on Earth. It is the same for all locations that share the
same longitude.
12. The Sextant - Sextant is an essential tool for celestial navigation and is used to measure the angle between the
horizon and a visible object (or two objects at sea).
The sextant is used to measure the following:
Vertical Sextant Angle (VSA)
Horizontal Sextant Angle (HSA)
Altitudes
13. The sextant is an instrument used to measure angles. Mainly used at sea, the tool is so named because its arc is
one-sixth of a circle – 60 degrees. It adheres to the principle of double reflection hence it can measure angles up to
120 degrees. Practically speaking, the arc of the sextant is a little over 60 degrees and therefore the total angle
measurable is about 130 degrees.

14. Different Parts Of A Sextant


15. Sextant Error
1. The frame of the sextant and the index mirror are not perpendicular to each other (called perpendicularity error).
2. The frame of the sextant and the horizon glass are not perpendicular to each other (called side error).
3. The index mirror and the horizon glass are not parallel to each other at 0° (called index error).
4. The telescope is not parallel to the frame (called collimation error).
16. Parallax
Parallax is a difference in the apparent position of an object viewed along two different lines of sight, This is a geometrical
error that near-by heavenly objects, and is measured by the angle or semi-angle of inclination between those two lines, so
parallax can be used to determine distances.
17. Refraction
Refraction is the deviation of light or other from a straight line as it passes through the atmosphere due to the variation
in air density as a function of height. Celestial refraction causes astronomical objects to appear higher above the horizon
than they actually are.
18. Altitude
The altitude of a celestial body is its angular distance above the horizon. By comparing the measured Altitude to the
Calculated Altitude for your Estimated Position, a Position Line may be drawn on the map or chart.

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