NAME OF PROJECT : DESIGN OF DECK SLAB FOR AMBORA BRIDGE

DESIGN OF DECK SLAB FOR ROAD BRIDGE

I FIXING OF SPAN:-
Carriageway Width = 7.5 M
Clear span of deck slab = 10.900 M
Thickness of the slab proposed = 0.75 M
Reinforcement provided = 25 MM
Clear cover provided = 40 MM
Density of concrete = 25 KN/m
density of concrete (for wearing coat) = 24 KN/m
Thickness of wearing coat = 0.075 M
Thickness of pier = 1.1 M
Effective depth provided using 25mm dia bars
= 750 - 40 - 12.5
= 697.5 MM
Effective depth is the least of the following

(I) Center to center of the supports

(ii) Clear span + Effective depth

Center to Center of the supports = 10.9 + 0.55+0.55

= 12.000 M

Clear span + Effective depth = 10.9 + 0.6975

= 11.598 M

Therefore effective span (Lo) provided = 11.598 M

Overall span provided = 12.000 M

For double lane road bridge

Overall width of the slab, b = 7.5 + 0.45 x 2
= 8.400 M

II IMPACT FACTOR I = 4.5

6 + Lo

= 4.5
6 + 11.598

= 0.256
 III BENDING MOMENT DUE TO DEAD LOAD:-

(a) Weight of slab = 1 x 0.75 x 25 = 18.75 KN/m

(b) Weight of wearing coat = 0.075 x 1 x 24 = 1.8 KN/m
(c) Weight of kerb = (0.425 x 0.225 x 1 x 25)X2 = 4.782 KN/m
(d) Weight of hand rails (@150kg / linear m) = 0.15 x11.598x 2 = 3.4794 KN/m

Total weight = 28.8114 KN/m

Bending moment due to dead load = 28.8114 x 11.598² = 484.441 KN-m

8

IV CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE DISPERSION WIDTH:-

As per IRC: 21-2000 Clause no 305.16.2

bef = a x a x (1 - a / L0 ) + b1

Where:-
bef = The effective width of the slab on which the load acts.
LO = Effective span
a = The distance of the center of gravity of the concentrated load from the nearer support.
b1 = The breadth of concentration area of the load, i.e. the dimension of the tyre or track
contact area over the road surface of the slab in the direction at right angles to the span
+ the thickness of the wearing coat.
a = A constant having the values depending up on the ratio of b/Lo where b is the overall
width of the slab.

b = 8.400
Lo 11.598

= 0.724

a for b/Lo = 2.1488

For maximum bending moment, the two wheel loads of 11.4 t should be placed such that
the resultant of the two loads and one of the loads is equidistant from the center of the span

X R
2.7 11.4 11.4 6.8
A B C D

E F
0.848 3.2 1.2 0.114 1.062
4.3
11.598

Center of gravity of the load system = 4.513932 M

(a) Dispersion under load (A)

As per IRC: 6-2000 clause 207.1.3 (Notes for class A train of vehicles)
B in MM W in MM
Ground contact area of the wheels for axle load 11.4 T = 250 500
Ground contact area of the wheels for axle load 6.8 T = 200 380
Ground contact area of the wheels for axle load 2.7 T = 150 200

bef = a x a x (1 - a / L0 ) + b1

b1 = 0.2 + 2 x 0.075
= 0.35 m
a = 2.1488
a = 0.8480 m

bef = 2.1488 x 0.848 x ( 1- 0.848 / 11.598 ) + 0.35

= 2.039 M > 1.8 M

The dispersion widths over lap

0.225

0.225
1.800
0.150 0.200 1.600 0.200

2.039 2.039
0.239

Therefore the combined dispersion widths

= 0.225 + 0.15 + 0.2 + 1.6 + 0.1 + 2.039 / 2
= 3.295 M

Intensity of load = 2.7 X 1.256

3.295

= 1.029 T

(b) Dispersion under load 'B'

a = 2.1488
a = 4.048
b1 = 0.65

bef = 2.1488 X 4.048 X ( 1 - 4.048 / 11.598 ) + 0.65

= 6.312 M > 1.8 M
 The dispersion widths overlap.

0.225

0.225
1.800
0.150 0.500 1.300 0.500

6.312 6.312
4.512

Therefore the combined dispersion width is

= 0.225 + 0.15 + 0.5 + 1.3 + 0.25 + 6.312 / 2
= 5.581 m

Intensity of load = 11.4 X 1.256

5.581

= 2.566 T

(c) Dispersion under load 'C'

a = 2.1488
a = 5.248
b1 = 0.65

bef = 2.1488 X 5.248 X ( 1 - 5.248 / 11.598 ) + 0.65

= 6.824 M > 1.8 M

The dispersion widths overlap.

0.225

0.225
1.800
0.150 0.500 1.300 0.500

6.824 6.824
5.024

Therefore the combined dispersion width is

= 0.225 + 0.15 + 0.5 + 1.3 + 0.25 + 6.824 / 2
= 5.837 M

Intensity of load = 11.4 X 1.256

5.837

= 2.453 T

(c) Dispersion under load 'D'

a = 2.1488
a = 9.548
b1 = 0.53

bef = 2.1488 X 9.548 X ( 1 - 9.548 / 11.598 ) + 0.53

= 4.156 M > 1.8 M
The dispersion widths overlap.

0.225

0.225
1.800
0.150 0.380 1.420 0.380

4.156 4.156

Therefore the combined dispersion width is

= 0.225 + 0.15 + 0.38 + 1.42 + 0.19 + 4.156 / 2
= 4.443 M

Intensity of load = 6.8 X 1.256

4.443

= 1.922 T
V DETERMINATION OF MAX BENDING MOMENT:-

For maximum bending moment, the load system is positioned as below

1.029 2.566 2.453 1.922

A B C D

E F
0.848 3.2 1.2 4.3 1.062

11.598

RE = 3.934 T
RF = 4.036 T

Maximum bending moment due to load under 'A'

= 3.934 x 0.848
= 3.336 TM
= 33.36 KN-m

Maximum bending moment due to load under 'B'

= 12.63203 TM
= 126.3203 KN-m

Maximum bending moment due to load under 'C'

= 13.03883 TM
= 130.3883 KN-m

Maximum bending moment due to load under 'D'

= 4.286232 TM
= 42.86232 KN-m

Maximum bending moment = 130.3883 KN-m

Total bending moment = 130.38832 + 484.441

= 614.8293 KN-m

Considering M30 grade of concrete

Grade of steel used Fe500 = 240 Mpa
Effective depth required = (614.82932 x 10^6 / ( 1.27 x 1000) )^0.5
= 695.786 MM

Effective depth provided = 697.5 M HENCE SAFE

Main reinforcement = 614.82932 X 10^6

240X 0.907 x 697.5

= 4049.411 mm2

Spacing of 25mm dia bars = 120 mm c/c

Provide 25 mm dia bars at a spacing of 110 mm c/c

Area of steel provided = 4464 mm2
HENCE SAFE
 Distribution steel:-
As per IRC:21-2000 Clause 305.18.1
The distribution, reinforcement shall be such as to produce a
resisting moment in the direction. Perpendicular to the span equal to 0.3 times the moment
due to concentrated live loads plus 0.2 times the moment due to other loads such as dead loads,
Shrinkage, Temperature etc.

= 0.3 x 130.38832 + 0.2 x 484.441

= 136.005 KN-m

Area of steel required = 136.005 x 10^6

240 x 0.898 x 750

= 841.407 mm2

But as per IRC:21-2000, Clause 305.19

The minimum area of steel to be provided is 0.12% of gross cross sectional area.

= 0.12/100 x 750 x 1000

900 mm2

Providing distribution steel of = 12 mm dia bars

Spacing of 12 mm dia bars = 125 mm
Area of steel provided = 905 mm2
HENCE SAFE
VI CHECK FOR SHEAR:-
Maximum shear due to dead load
= 28.8114 x 11.598
2

= 167.077 KN

Maximum shear force due to live load is given by:-

Longitudinal dispersion = 0.25 + 2 x (0.75 + 0.075 )

= 1.9 M

For maximum shear force, the 11.4 t load is kept at 0.95 m from the face of the support.

11.4 11.4 6.8 6.8

A B C D

E F
0.85 1.2 4.3 3 1.26

11.598
(a) Dispersion under 'A'
bef = a x a x (1 - a / L0 ) + b1
a = 2.1488
a = 0.85
b1 = 0.65

bef = 2.1488 x 0.85 x ( 1 - 0.85 / 11.598) + 0.65

= 2.343 M > 1.8 M
HENCE SAFE

Combined width of dispersion

= 4.2 + 2.343 / 2
= 5.372 M

Intensity of load = 11.4 x 1.256

5.372

= 2.665 T

(b) Dispersion under 'B'

bef = 2.1488 X 2.05 X ( 1 - 2.05 / 11.598 ) + 0.65

= 4.276 M > 1.8 M
HENCE SAFE
Combined width of dispersion
= 4.2 + 4.276 / 2
= 6.338 M

Intensity of load = 11.4 x 1.256

6.338

= 2.259 T

(c) Dispersion under 'C'

bef = a x a x (1 - a / L0 ) + b1
a = 2.1488
a = 6.35
b1 = 0.53

bef = 2.1488 x 6.35 x ( 1 - 6.35 / 11.598) + 0.53

= 6.704 M > 1.8 M
HENCE SAFE

Combined width of dispersion

= 4.2 + 6.704 / 2
= 7.552 M

Intensity of load = 6.8 x 1.256

6.704

= 1.131 T

(c) Dispersion under 'D'

bef = a x a x (1 - a / L0 ) + b1
a = 2.1488
a = 9.35
b1 = 0.53

bef = 2.1488 x 9.35 x ( 1 - 9.35 / 11.598) + 0.53

= 4.424 M > 1.8 M
HENCE SAFE
Combined width of dispersion
= 4.2 + 4.424 / 2
= 6.412 M

Intensity of load = 6.8 x 1.256

6.412

= 1.332 T

For maximum shear force, the load system is positioned as below.

2.665 2.259 1.131 1.332

A B C D

E F
0.85 1.2 4.3 3 1.26

11.598

Taking moments about 'F'

Re x 11.598 = 2.665 x 10.748 + 2.259 x 9.548 + 1.131 x 4.26+1.332 x 1.26
Re = 4.890 T

Total shear force = 4.89 + 16.7077

21.598 T

Permissible shear stress for M30 grade concrete = 2.2 N/mm2

For slabs nominal shear stress should not exceed = 1.1 N/mm2

Nominal shear stress tV = 215.98 x 10^3

750 x 1000

= 0.288 N/mm2 < 1.1 N/mm2

Safe

Also percentage of steel provided = 4464 x 100

750 x 1000

= 0.595 %

tC = 0.3328 N/mm2 > 0.288 N/mm2

Safe

Shear reinforcement is not necessary.

Distribution steel is provided in the top slab with 10mm dia bars at 300mm c/c along with hanger
bars of 10mm dia bars at 300mm c/c.
REACTION ON ABUTMENT:-

Length of the abutment = 6.400 M

Braking effect = 20% of first train loads on the span
= 20*(11.4 + 11.4 + 6.8+ 6.8) = 7.28 T
100
Braking force on each Abutment = 3.64 T
Braking force per m run on abutment = 0.569 T

Acting at a height of 1.2 + 0.75 + 0.075 = 2.025 M

From bed block

change in vertical reaction due to braking effect

7.28 x 2.025 = 1.271 T
11.598
DEAD LOAD REACTION:-

Weight of slab 12 x 8.4 x 0.75 x 2.5 = 189 T

Wearing coat 4.25 x 12 x 0.075 x 2.4 = 9.18 T

Weight of kerbs 0.475 x 0.225 x 12 x 2.5 = 2.869 T

Weight of parapet 12 x 0.15 = 1.8 T

Total dead load = 202.849 T

Load on each support = 101.425 T

LIVE LOAD REACTION:-

11.4 11.4 6.8 6.8

A B
1.2 4.3 3 2.11

11.598

RA = 6.8 x 2.11 + 6.8 x5.11 + 11.4 x 9.41 + 11.4 x 11.598= 24.882 T

11.598

IMPACT LOAD REACTION:-

Height of abutment = 7M
Impact load factor = 0
% of impact = 0.256 %
Reaction due to impact = 0

Total load on each abutment

1.271 + 101.425 + 24.882 + 0 = 127.578 T

Reaction per meter run 127.578 = 19.934 T

6.400

Temperature forces = 0.5 x 101.425 = 50.713 T

Frictional force = 50.713 = 7.924 T

6.400
 a for simply
b/L0 supported slab
0.1 0.40
0.2 0.80
0.3 1.16
0.4 1.48 b/Lo a
0.5 1.72 0.724 2.1488
0.6 1.96
0.7 2.12
0.8 2.24 0.7 2.12 7
0.9 2.36 0.8 2.24 8
1 2.48
1.1 2.60
1.2 2.64
1.3 2.72
1.4 2.80
1.5 2.84
1.6 2.88
1.7 2.92
1.8 2.96
1.9 3.00
2 3.00

M30 IRC21
% OF STEEL Permissiblestress in
shear for M30
0.15 0.2
0.25 0.23
0.5 0.31
0.75 0.37
1 0.41
1.25 0.45
1.5 0.48
1.75 0.5
2 0.53
2.25 0.55
2.5 0.57
2.75 0.58
3 0.6

FE415 200
% of steel FE 500 275
0.3328 0.595
0.5 0.31 3
0.75 0.37 4

M30 FE500
c 10
t 240
m 9.333333

k 0.28
j 0.907
q 1.27
 0.1 0.12
0.024 0.0288