ECS Southwest, LLP

Geotechnical Engineering Report

Residential Development - Avenue L

920 Avenue L
Galveston, Texas

ECS Project Number 43:2913

March 31, 2023

 March 31, 2023

Dr. Hani Tohme

Golden Triangle Consulting Engineers
85 I-10 Frontage Rd Suite 204-A
Beaumont, Texas 77707

ECS Project No. 43:2913

Reference: Geotechnical Engineering Report

Residential Development - Avenue L
920 Avenue L
Galveston, Texas

Dear Mr. Tohme:

ECS Southwest, LLP (ECS) has completed the subsurface exploration, laboratory testing, and
geotechnical engineering analyses for the above-referenced project. Our services were performed in
general accordance with our agreed scope of work. This report presents our understanding of the
geotechnical aspects of the project along with the results of the field exploration and laboratory testing
conducted, and our design and construction recommendations.

It has been our pleasure to be of service to Golden Triangle Consulting Engineers during the design
phase of this project. We would appreciate the opportunity to remain involved during the continuation
of the design phase, and we would like to provide construction phase observation and materials testing
work. Should you have any questions concerning the information contained in this report, or if we can
be of further assistance to you, please contact us.

ECS Southwest, LLP

Rakib Ahmed, Ph.D., E.I.T. Richard E. Webb, P.E.

Geotechnical Project Manager Geotechnical Principal Engineer
RAhmed@ecslimited.com REWebb@ecslimited.com

The electronic seal in this document was authorized by Richard E. Webb, P.E. No 60460, on March 31, 2023.
Residential Development - Avenue L March 31, 2023
ECS Project No. 43:2913 Page i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................. 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................2
2.0 PROJECT INFORMATION ..................................................................................................... 3
2.1 Project Location/Current Site Use.......................................................................................... 3
2.2 Proposed Construction........................................................................................................... 3
3.0 FIELD EXPLORATION ........................................................................................................... 4
3.1 Subsurface Characterization .................................................................................................. 4
3.2 Groundwater Observations .................................................................................................... 4
3.3 Laboratory Testing ................................................................................................................. 5
4.0 DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................. 6
4.1 Potential Vertical Movements ............................................................................................... 6
4.2 Building Foundation – slab on grade ...................................................................................... 6
4.3 Pavement Subgrade ............................................................................................................... 7
4.3.1 Pavement Sections ....................................................................................................... 7
5.0 SITE CONSTRUCTION RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................................... 9
5.1 Subgrade Preparation ............................................................................................................ 9
5.1.1 Stripping and Grubbing ................................................................................................. 9
5.1.2 Proofrolling ................................................................................................................... 9
5.2 Earthwork Operations ............................................................................................................ 9
5.3 Material Specifications for Imported Fill .............................................................................. 10
5.3.1 Construction Groundwater Control .................................................................................. 10
5.4 Excavations ........................................................................................................................... 11
6.0 CLOSING ........................................................................................................................... 12

APPENDICES

Appendix A – Drawings & Reports

• Site Location Diagram
• Topographic Map
• Boring Location Diagram
• Regional Geology Map

Appendix B – Field Operations

• Reference Notes for Boring Logs
• Subsurface Exploration Procedure
• Boring Logs B-1 and B-2

Appendix C – Laboratory Testing

• Laboratory Testing Summary
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ECS Project No. 43:2913 Page 1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The following summarizes the main findings of the exploration, particularly those that may have a cost
impact on the planned development. Further, our principal foundation recommendations are
summarized. This Executive Summary is intended as a very brief overview of the primary geotechnical
conditions that are expected to affect design and construction. Information gleaned from the executive
summary should not be utilized in lieu of reading the entire geotechnical report.

• The subsurface soil conditions observed at the site consisted of poorly graded sand (SP) up to
maximum explored depth of about 30 feet below the site grade.

• Groundwater was observed at depths approximately 10 feet below the existing site grade during
drilling in the borings. Shortly after completion of drilling, the groundwater was observed at
depths approximately 10 feet below the existing site grade in the borings.

• If the surficial sandy soils become wet, they may pump and rut during construction resulting in
construction delays. These conditions should be anticipated before commencing the construction
operations. The contractor should be prepared to encounter such conditions. These materials
may be opened to dry naturally and then proofrolled, be removed and replaced, or chemically
treated with lime fly-ash or Portland cement.

• The onsite soils are considered to be non-expansive. Therefore, we anticipate that subgrade
improvements will not be required to reduce expansive soil-related movements. However, soft
soils and yielding material located within the site, generally need to be removed and
reworked/replaced in accordance with the “Site Construction Recommendations” section of the
report.

• The planned structure can be supported on slab-on-grade. Detailed design and construction
recommendations are outlined within this report.

• Rigid Concrete and/or Flexible Asphalt pavement can be used in conjunction with reworked
subgrade and/or lime fly-ash stabilized soil for light truck traffic for main drives and medium duty
(drives) pavements to accommodate occasional heavier loadings due to fire trucks, delivery
vehicles.

• It is recommended that ECS conduct a geotechnical review of the project plans (prior to issuance
for construction) to check to see that ECS’ geotechnical recommendations have been properly
interpreted and implemented.

• To prevent misinterpretation of ECS recommendations, we recommend ECS be retained to

perform quality control testing and documentation during construction of the earthwork and
foundations for the project.
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ECS Project No. 43:2913 Page 2

1.0 INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this study was to provide geotechnical design and construction recommendations for
proposed two-story residential building and associated site improvements located at 920 Avenue L in
Galveston, Texas. The recommendations developed for this report are based on project information
supplied via an email by Dr. Hani Tohme on February 17, 2023.

Our services were provided in accordance with our Proposal No. 43:4577-GP dated February 28, 2023, as
authorized via email, dated February 28, 2023.

This report contains the procedures and results of our subsurface exploration and laboratory testing
programs, review of existing site conditions, engineering analyses, and recommendations for the design
and construction of the project.

The report includes the following items.

• A brief review and description of our field and laboratory test procedures and the results of testing
conducted.
• A review of surface topographical features and site conditions.
• A review of area and site geologic conditions.
• A review of subsurface soil stratigraphy with pertinent available physical properties.
• A final copy of our soil test borings.
• Estimation for Potential Vertical Movement (PVM) in accordance with Tex-124-E.
• Recommended foundation type with pertinent design recommendations.
• Recommendations for preparation of pavement subgrades and suggested pavement sections.
• Recommendations for site preparation and construction of compacted fills, including an
evaluation of on-site soils for use as compacted fills.
• Evaluation and recommendations relative to groundwater control.
• An evaluation of soil excavation issues.
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ECS Project No. 43:2913 Page 3

2.0 PROJECT INFORMATION

2.1 PROJECT LOCATION/CURRENT SITE USE

The project site is located at 920 Avenue L in Galveston, Texas. The location is depicted in the figure below
and on the Site Location Diagram presented in Appendix A.

Site Location

The project site is generally relatively flat with surface elevations ranging from 11 feet to 12 feet above
MSL. The elevation and topographic variations were obtained from available public database and may not
be accurate enough for engineering purposes. While preparing this report, we reviewed available
documents consisting of USGS topographic maps, FWS wetland maps, and USDA soil maps. Information
available to us during our site visit indicates that the project is currently vacant and covered with light
vegetative growth and some trees. We did not observe noteworthy features within the project site during
our review of the Topographic Map presented in Appendix A.

2.2 PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION

The following information explains our understanding of the planned development including the
proposed building:

General Project Information

SUBJECT DESIGN INFORMATION / ASSUMPTIONS
# of Stories Two stories
Usage Residential development with parking area(s)
Column Loads Approximately 10 to 20 kips (Assumed)
Wall Loads Approximately 2 to 3 kips/ft (Assumed)
Building Finish Floor Elevation Assumed to be +1 foot above the existing site grade
Site work General earthwork, pavement, and underground utilities
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ECS Project No. 43:2913 Page 4

3.0 FIELD EXPLORATION

Our exploration procedures are explained in greater detail in Appendix B including the insert titled
Subsurface Exploration Procedure. Our scope of work included drilling two borings. Our borings were
located with a handheld GPS unit and their approximate locations are shown on the Boring Location
Diagram in Appendix A.

3.1 SUBSURFACE CHARACTERIZATION

Based on our review of the Geologic Atlas of Texas, Houston Sheet, 1982 the geology at the project site is
described as Fill and Spoil. The materials are dredged for raising land surface above alluvium and barrier-
island deposits and for creating land. A Regional Geology Map is presented in Appendix A.

The subsurface conditions observed were generally consistent with published geological mapping. The
following sections provide generalized characterizations of the soil strata. Please refer to the boring logs
in Appendix B.

Subsurface Stratigraphy
RANGES OF
ELEVATION OF BOTTOM
APPROXIMATE DEPTH SPT N-
OF STRATA (1) DESCRIPTION PI
(FT) VALUES
(FT)
(BPF)
Very Loose to Dense, POORLY GRADED
0 – 30 (2) EL. – 18 to EL. -19 NP 4 - 36
SAND (SP), with Clay Pockets
Notes:
(1) Please note that the ground surface elevations were not surveyed by a licensed surveyor; these elevations are
approximate based on available public database. Elevation ranges are approximate.
(2) Boring termination depths.

3.2 GROUNDWATER OBSERVATIONS

Groundwater level observations were made in the borings during drilling operations. In auger drilling
operations, water is not introduced into the borehole and the groundwater position can often be
determined by observing water flowing into the excavation. Furthermore, visual observation of soil
samples retrieved can often be used in evaluating the groundwater conditions. Groundwater was
observed at depths approximately 10 feet below the existing site grade during drilling in the borings.
Shortly after completion of drilling, the groundwater was observed at depths ranging from 9 feet to 10
feet below the existing site grade in the borings.

Variations in groundwater levels can occur because of changes in precipitation, evaporation, surface
water runoff, construction activities, and other factors. The highest groundwater observations are
normally observed in the late winter and early spring. Therefore, the groundwater conditions at this site
could be different at the time of construction. The possibility of groundwater level fluctuation should be
considered when developing the design and construction plans for the project.
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3.3 LABORATORY TESTING

The laboratory testing consisted of selected tests performed on samples obtained during our field
exploration operations. Classification and index property tests were performed on representative soil
samples. The tests included moisture content (ASTM D2216), Atterberg limits (ASTM D4318), and Passing
No. 200 Sieve (ASTM D1140).

The samples were visually classified based on texture and plasticity in general accordance with ASTM
D2488 Standard Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedures) and
including USCS classification symbols, and ASTM D2487 Standard Practice for Classification for Engineering
Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System (USCS). After classification, the samples were grouped in the
major zones noted on the boring logs in Appendix B. The group symbols for each soil type are indicated in
parentheses along with the soil descriptions. The stratification lines between strata on the logs are
approximate; in situ, the transitions may be gradual.
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4.0 DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS

The following sections present more detailed recommendations regarding a proposed two-story
residential structure. These include recommendations regarding building foundations, drainage,
earthwork, pavement. The following recommendations have been developed based on the previously
described project characteristics and subsurface conditions. If there are any changes to the project
characteristics or if different subsurface conditions are encountered during construction, ECS should be
consulted so that the recommendations of this report can be reviewed.

Site grading information was not provided during this report; however, we have assumed that the final
side grade will be generally approximately + 1 foot above the existing site elevations. If the final site grade
deviates from this assumed site grade, the recommendations provided below should be evaluated by our
office. Discussion of the factors affecting the building foundations for the proposed structures, as well as
additional recommendations regarding design and construction at the project site are included below.

4.1 POTENTIAL VERTICAL MOVEMENTS

Based upon the laboratory test results performed on selected soil samples, the subsurface soils observed
at this site are considered to be non-expansive. These soils will generally not experience volumetric
changes with fluctuations in moisture content also known as “Potential Vertical Movement (PVM)”.

We anticipate that subgrade improvements will not be required to reduce expansive soil-related
movements. However, soft soils and yielding materials located within the site, generally need to be
removed and reworked/replaced in accordance with the “Site Construction Recommendations” section
of the report.

4.2 BUILDING FOUNDATION – SLAB ON GRADE

If the surficial sandy soils become wet, they may pump and rut during construction resulting in
construction delays. These conditions should be anticipated before commencing the construction
operations. The contractor should be prepared to encounter such conditions. These materials may be
opened to dry naturally and then proofrolled, be removed and replaced, or chemically treated with lime
fly-ash or Portland cement.

The planned structure can be supported using conventionally reinforced slab-on-grade floor system. We
recommend that the upper six inches of subgrade soils in the floor slab areas be compacted to at least
95% of standard density (ASTM D698) at a moisture content within ±2% of optimum value. Positive
drainage should always be maintained to drain surface water away from the structure. A soil modulus of
subgrade reaction (k1) of 120 pci can be used in the design of floor slab.

We recommend that floor slabs be isolated from the foundation footings so differential settlement of the
structure may not induce shear stresses in the floor slab. To reduce the crack width of shrinkage cracks
that may develop near the surface of the slab, we recommend mesh reinforcement be included in the
design of the floor slab. The mesh should be in the top half of the slab to be effective.

A bedding layer of leveling sand, one to two inches in thickness, may not be required beneath the floor
slab since the soils observed at the project site consist of sand. If floor treatments that are sensitive to
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ECS Project No. 43:2913 Page 7

moisture will be used, a 10-mil vapor retarder of polyethylene sheeting or similar material should be
placed beneath the slab to reduce moisture migration through the slab. If a vapor retarder is considered
to provide moisture protection, special attention should be given to the surface curing of the slabs to
reduce uneven drying of the slabs and associated cracking and/or slab curling. The use of a blotter or
cushion layer above the vapor retarder can also be considered for project specific reasons. Please refer to
ACI 302.1R96 Guide for Concrete Floor and Slab Construction and ASTM E1643 Standard Practice for
Installation of Water Vapor Retarders Used in Contact with Earth or Granular Fill under Concrete Slabs for
additional guidance on this issue.

Site grading information was not provided during this report; however, we have assumed that the final
side grade will be 1 foot above the existing grade.

4.3 PAVEMENT SUBGRADE

Proposed paved areas should be proofrolled with heavy compaction equipment with load of at least
10 tons to identify soft or undesirable soils so they can be removed and replaced with properly placed and
compacted soils. Pumping or rutting identified during proofroll should be conducted in accordance with
TxDOT Standard Specification Item 216. The proofrolling operations should be observed by the
representative of Geotechnical Engineer of Record.

4.3.1 Pavement Sections

Typical pavement sections are provided below. The Light-Duty asphalt pavement is adequate for design
life of 50,000 ESAL. The Standard Duty concrete pavement is adequate for design life of 80,000 ESAL.
Actual pavements sections and joint spacing should be designed based on actual traffic loads by the Civil
Engineer of Record.
Pavement Sections
ASPHALTIC CONCRETE PAVEMENT PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC)
MATERIAL DESCRIPTION
AUTOMOBILE LIGHT-DUTY AUTOMOBILE LIGHT-DUTY
Asphalt Surface Course 2 inches -
Asphalt Binder Course1 3 inches -
Portland Cement Concrete - 5 inches
Reworked Subgrade 6 inches 6 inches
1 Flexible base material may be substituted for the asphalt binder using a substitute ratio of three inches of flexible base for each
inch of asphalt binder.

An important consideration with the design and construction of pavements is surface and subsurface
drainage. Where standing water develops, either on the pavement surface or within the base course
layer, softening of the subgrade and other problems related to the deterioration of the pavement can be
expected. Furthermore, good drainage should reduce the possibility of the subgrade materials becoming
saturated during the normal service period of the pavement.

The recommended pavement sections provided above are considered the minimum necessary to provide
satisfactory performance based on the provided traffic loading. In some cases, jurisdictional minimum
standards for pavement section construction may exceed those provided above.
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Pavement should be specified, constructed, and tested to meet the following requirements:

1. Reinforcing Steel: Reinforcing steel may consist of #3 reinforcing steel bars placed at 18 inches
on-center, each way. Reinforcing steel for trash pickup and dumpster areas may consist of #4
reinforcing steel bars placed at 18 inches on-center, each way. Saw cuts contraction joints should
be spaced 15 feet. Expansion joints should be maintained 60 feet apart through the entire depth
of pavement. Appropriate jointing should be incorporated into the design of the PCC pavement.

2. Hot Mix Asphaltic Concrete: Item 340 of the TxDOT Standard Specifications, Type A or B Base
Course (binder) and Type D Surface Course. The coarse aggregate in the surface course should be
crushed limestone rather than gravel.

3. Portland Cement Concrete: Minimum compressive strength of 3,500 lbs per sq inch at 28 days.
Concrete should be designed with 3 to 6 percent entrained air.

Flexible Base Material: Item 247 of the TxDOT Standard Specifications, Type A or B, Grade 1-2. The
material should be compacted to a minimum 95 percent of standard Proctor maximum dry density (ASTM
D698) and within three percentage points of the material's optimum moisture content.
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5.0 SITE CONSTRUCTION RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 SUBGRADE PREPARATION

Good site drainage should be maintained during earthwork operations, which would help maintain the
integrity of the soil. The surface of the site should be kept properly graded to enhance drainage of the
surface water away from the proposed building areas during the construction phase. We recommend that
an attempt be made to enhance the natural drainage without interrupting its pattern.

The soils at the site are moisture and disturbance sensitive and contain fines which are considered
moderately erodible to erodible. Therefore, the contractor should carefully plan his operation to prevent
exposure of the subgrade to weather and construction equipment traffic and provide and maintain good
site drainage during earthwork operations to help maintain the integrity of the surficial soils. Erosion and
sedimentation should be controlled in accordance with sound engineering practice and current
jurisdictional requirements.
5.1.1 Stripping and Grubbing

In preparing the site for construction, loose, poorly compacted existing soils, vegetation, organic soil,
foundations or utilities, existing fill material, or other yielding materials should be removed from proposed
building and paving areas, and areas receiving new fill. Tree trunks, tree roots, root balls/root mat should
be removed during the clearing and grubbing. These areas should be backfilled with select fill soils. We
recommend that the stripping depth be evaluated at the time of construction by a geotechnical
professional.

5.1.2 Proofrolling

After stripping and removing inadequate surface materials, cutting to the proposed grade, and prior to
the placement of structural fill, the exposed subgrade should be verified by ECS. The exposed subgrade
should be proofrolled with construction equipment having a minimum axle load of 10 tons (e.g., fully
loaded tandem-axle dump truck). The areas subject to proofrolling should be traversed by the equipment
in two perpendicular (orthogonal) directions with overlapping passes of the vehicle under the observation
of ECS. This procedure is intended to assist in identifying localized yielding materials. In the event that
yielding or “pumping” subgrade is identified by the proofrolling, those areas should be marked for repair
prior to the placement of subsequent structural fill or other construction materials. Subgrade repair
methods, such as undercutting, moisture conditioning or chemical treatment, should be discussed with
ECS to find appropriate procedures with regard to the existing conditions causing the pumping.

5.2 EARTHWORK OPERATIONS

After rain events, the surficial sand will have a tendency to rut and pump during construction. To avoid
rutting and pumping, the surficial soils can either be opened to dry up naturally and proofrolled or
replaced with select fill. The surficial soil can also be chemically stabilized to mitigate rutting and pumping.
If chemical treatment option is selected, Fly Ash can be considered in accordance with TxDOT
Specifications, Item 265. For estimating purposes, we recommend that 5 percent (moist subgrade
condition) to 10 percent (wet and soggy subgrade condition) fly ash by dry weight may be used for this
Residential Development - Avenue L March 31, 2023
ECS Project No. 43:2913 Page 10

purpose. The application rate corresponding to this additive amount would be approximately 23 to 45
pounds fly ash per square yard for “moist subgrade” to “wet and soggy subgrade” conditions, respectively
at every six inches of compacted thickness.

Prior to placement of new fill, subgrades should be scarified to a minimum depth of 6 inches, moisture
conditioned and compacted to at least 95% of maximum dry density as obtained by the Standard Proctor
Method (ASTM D698) moisture conditioned within +3% optimum value.

Soil moisture levels should be preserved (by various methods that can include covering with plastic,
watering, etc.) until new fill, pavements or slabs are placed. Fill soils should be placed in maximum 8-inch
loose lifts for mass grading operations and 4 inches for trench excavations where walk behind or “jumping
jack” compaction equipment is used.

Upon completion of the filling operations, care should be taken to maintain the soil moisture content prior
to construction of floor slabs and pavements. If the soil becomes desiccated, the affected material should
be removed and replaced, or these materials should be scarified, moisture conditioned and recompacted.

Utility cuts should not be left open for extended periods of time and should be properly backfilled.
Backfilling should be accomplished with properly compacted on-site soils, rather than granular materials.
If granular materials are used, a utility trench cut-off at the building line is recommended to help prevent
water from migrating through the utility trench backfill to beneath the proposed structure.

Field density and moisture tests should be performed on each lift as necessary to verify that adequate
compaction is achieved. As a guide, one test per 5,000 square feet per lift in the paving areas (two tests
minimum per lift). Utility trench backfill should be tested at a rate of one test per lift per each 150 linear
feet of trench (two tests minimum per lift). Certain jurisdictional requirements may require testing in
addition to that noted previously. Therefore, these specifications should be reviewed, and the more
stringent specifications should be followed.

5.3 MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR IMPORTED FILL

For the purposes of this report, imported fill should have similar characteristics as compared to the existing
onsite soils, or otherwise approved by ECS at the time of construction. This material should be placed and
compacted at workable moisture contents within ±2% of optimum moisture content and compacted to
at least 95% of the maximum dry density as obtain using the Standard Proctor Method (ASTM D698).

5.3.1 CONSTRUCTION GROUNDWATER CONTROL

Groundwater was observed during the field exploration. Therefore, these conditions should be
anticipated and can be handled through the use of trenching and pumping. One of the more cost-effective
techniques is through the prudent utilization of spot drains, and in planning utility installations. For
example, utility installation that requires a gravity feed can be effectively converted into a drainage line
to help assist in groundwater control during construction.

If groundwater is observed during construction of footings or buried utilities, an ECS geotechnical engineer
should be consulted to determine if additional permanent drainage provisions are necessary in the design
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ECS Project No. 43:2913 Page 11

and construction. Groundwater levels should be maintained no higher than 3 feet below subgrade levels
to provide relatively dry working condition and firm bedding. Sump pumping and surface runoff ditches
may be adequate for temporary control of surface runoff and groundwater during construction.

The surface of the site should be kept property graded to enhance drainage of surface water away from
the proposed construction area during construction. We recommend that an attempt be made to enhance
the natural drainage without interrupting its pattern.

5.4 EXCAVATIONS

Based on soils strength data, temporary (less than 24 hours), open trenched, non-surcharged and
unsupported excavations should be built on a slope flatter than 1.5(h):1(v) provided this will not impact
the stability of the existing/nearby structures. Flatter slopes may be required in the areas where soft soils
or large amounts of sands are encountered. Vertical cuts can be used, provided shoring and bracing is
used for excavation wall stability. Benched excavation can also be used with average slopes of about
1(h):1(v) and steps should not be higher than four-ft. Excavation construction should conform to OSHA
(Occupational Safety and Health Administration) guidelines.

Excavations and slopes should be constructed and maintained in accordance with OSHA excavation safety
standards. The contractor is solely responsible for designing, constructing, and maintaining stable
temporary excavations and slopes. The contractor’s responsible person, as defined in 29 CFR Part 1926,
should evaluate the soil exposed in the excavations as part of the contractor’s safety procedures. In no
case should slope height, slope inclination, or excavation depth, including utility trench excavation depth,
exceed those specified in local, state, and federal safety regulations. ECS is providing this information
solely as a service to our client. ECS is not assuming responsibility for construction site safety or the
contractor’s activities; such responsibility is not being implied and should not be inferred.

Excavations should be performed with equipment capable of providing a relatively clean bearing area.
Excavation equipment should not disturb the soil beneath the design excavation bottom and should not
leave large amounts of loose soil in the excavation. Foundation excavations should be protected against
significant change in soil moisture content and disturbance by construction activity and require that water
not be allowed to pond in excavations.
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6.0 CLOSING
ECS has prepared this report to guide the geotechnical-related design and construction aspects of the
project. We performed these services in accordance with the standard of care expected of professionals
in the industry performing similar services on projects of like size and complexity at this time in the region.
No other representation expressed or implied, and no warranty or guarantee is included or intended in
this report.

The description of the proposed project is based on information provided to ECS by Golden Triangle
Consulting Engineers. If any of this information is inaccurate or changes, either because of our
interpretation of the documents provided or site or design changes that may occur later, ECS should be
contacted so we can review our recommendations and provide additional or alternate recommendations
that reflect the proposed construction.

We recommend that ECS be retained to review the project plans and specifications so we can confirm
that those plans/specifications are in accordance with the recommendations of this geotechnical report.

Field observations, and quality assurance testing during earthwork and foundation installation are an
extension of, and integral to, the geotechnical design. We recommend that ECS be retained to apply our
expertise throughout the geotechnical phases of construction, and to provide consultation
recommendations should issues arise.

ECS is not responsible for the conclusions, opinions, or recommendations of others based on the data in
this report.
APPENDIX A – Diagrams & Reports
Site Location Diagram
Topographic Map
Boring Location Diagram
Regional Geology Map
Service Layer Credits: Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap contributors

0 150 300
Feet

ENGINEER
SITE LOCATION DIAGRAM RA
SCALE
RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT – AVENUE L AS NOTED
PROJECT NO.
43:2913
920 AVENUE L
FIGURE
GALVESTON, TEXAS 1 OF 1
DATE
GOLDEN TRIANGLE CONSULTING ENGINEERS 3/30/2023
 TOPOGRAPHIC MAP ENGINEER
RA
RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT – AVENUE L SCALE
NTS
920 AVENUE L PROJECT NO.
GALVESTON, TEXAS 43:2913
DATE
GOLDEN TRIANGLE CONSULTING ENGINEERS 3/30/2023
Service Layer Credits: Esri, HERE, Garmin, (c) OpenStreetMap contributors

Legend

Approximate Boring Locations 0 80 160

Feet

ENGINEER
BORING LOCATION DIAGRAM RA
SCALE
RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT – AVENUE L AS NOTED
PROJECT NO.
43:2913
920 AVENUE L
FIGURE
GALVESTON, TEXAS 1 OF 1
DATE
GOLDEN TRIANGLE CONSULTING ENGINEERS 3/30/2023
 REGIONAL GEOLOGY MAP ENGINEER
RA
RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT – AVENUE L SCALE
NTS
920 AVENUE L PROJECT NO.
GALVESTON, TEXAS 43:2913
DATE
GOLDEN TRIANGLE CONSULTING ENGINEERS 3/30/2023
APPENDIX B – Field Operations

Reference Notes for Boring Logs

Subsurface Exploration Procedure
Boring Logs B-1 and B-2
 REFERENCE NOTES FOR BORING LOGS

MATERIAL1,2 DRILLING SAMPLING SYMBOLS & ABBREVIATIONS

SS Split Spoon Sampler PM Pressuremeter Test
ASPHALT
ST Shelby Tube Sampler RD Rock Bit Drilling
WS Wash Sample RC Rock Core, NX, BX, AX
CONCRETE
BS Bulk Sample of Cuttings REC Rock Sample Recovery %
PA Power Auger (no sample) RQD Rock Quality Designation %
GRAVEL
HSA Hollow Stem Auger

TOPSOIL
PARTICLE SIZE IDENTIFICATION
DESIGNATION PARTICLE SIZES
VOID
Boulders 12 inches (300 mm) or larger
BRICK Cobbles 3 inches to 12 inches (75 mm to 300 mm)
Gravel: Coarse ¾ inch to 3 inches (19 mm to 75 mm)
AGGREGATE BASE COURSE Fine 4.75 mm to 19 mm (No. 4 sieve to ¾ inch)
Sand: Coarse 2.00 mm to 4.75 mm (No. 10 to No. 4 sieve)
GW WELL-GRADED GRAVEL
Medium 0.425 mm to 2.00 mm (No. 40 to No. 10 sieve)
gravel-sand mixtures, little or no fines
Fine 0.074 mm to 0.425 mm (No. 200 to No. 40 sieve)
GP POORLY-GRADED GRAVEL
Silt & Clay (“Fines”) <0.074 mm (smaller than a No. 200 sieve)
gravel-sand mixtures, little or no fines
GM SILTY GRAVEL
gravel-sand-silt mixtures COHESIVE SILTS & CLAYS COARSE FINE
RELATIVE GRAINED GRAINED
GC CLAYEY GRAVEL UNCONFINED
AMOUNT7 (%)8 (%)8
gravel-sand-clay mixtures COMPRESSIVE SPT5 CONSISTENCY7
4
SW WELL-GRADED SAND STRENGTH, QP (BPF) (COHESIVE)
Trace <5 <5
gravelly sand, little or no fines <0.25 <2 Very Soft
SP POORLY-GRADED SAND 2-4 Soft With 10 - 20 10 - 25
0.25 - <0.50
gravelly sand, little or no fines 0.50 - <1.00 5-8 Firm Adjective 25 - 45 30 - 45
SM SILTY SAND (ex: “Silty”)
1.00 - <2.00 9 - 15 Stiff
sand-silt mixtures
2.00 - <4.00 16 - 30 Very Stiff
SC CLAYEY SAND 4.00 - 8.00 31 - 50 Hard
sand-clay mixtures
>8.00 >50 Very Hard
WATER LEVELS6
ML SILT
non-plastic to medium plasticity
GRAVELS, SANDS & NON-COHESIVE SILTS WL (First Encountered)
MH ELASTIC SILT
5
high plasticity SPT DENSITY
WL (Completion)
CL LEAN CLAY <5 Very Loose
low to medium plasticity 5 - 10 Loose WL (Seasonal High Water)
CH FAT CLAY 11 - 30 Medium Dense
high plasticity
31 - 50 Dense WL (Stabilized)
OL ORGANIC SILT or CLAY >50 Very Dense
non-plastic to low plasticity
OH ORGANIC SILT or CLAY
FILL AND ROCK
high plasticity
PT PEAT
highly organic soils
FILL POSSIBLE FILL PROBABLE FILL ROCK
1
Classifications and symbols per ASTM D 2488-17 (Visual-Manual Procedure) unless noted otherwise.
2
To be consistent with general practice, “POORLY GRADED” has been removed from GP, GP-GM, GP-GC, SP, SP-SM, SP-SC soil types on the boring logs.
3
Non-ASTM designations are included in soil descriptions and symbols along with ASTM symbol [Ex: (SM-FILL)].
4
Typically estimated via pocket penetrometer or Torvane shear test and expressed in tons per square foot (tsf).
5
Standard Penetration Test (SPT) refers to the number of hammer blows (blow count) of a 140 lb. hammer falling 30 inches on a 2 inch OD split spoon sampler
required to drive the sampler 12 inches (ASTM D 1586). “N-value” is another term for “blow count” and is expressed in blows per foot (bpf). SPT correlations per 7.4.2 Method B
and need to be corrected if using an auto hammer.
6
The water levels are those levels actually measured in the borehole at the times indicated by the symbol. The measurements are relatively reliable
when augering, without adding fluids, in granular soils. In clay and cohesive silts, the determination of water levels may require several days for the
water level to stabilize. In such cases, additional methods of measurement are generally employed.
7
Minor deviation from ASTM D 2488-17 Note 14.
8
Percentages are estimated to the nearest 5% per ASTM D 2488-17.
Reference Notes for Boring Logs (09-02-2021).doc © 2021 ECS Corporate Services, LLC. All Rights Reserved
Residential Development – Avenue L March 30, 2023
ECS Project No. 43:2913

SUBSURFACE EXPLORATION PROCEDURE

The field exploration was planned with the objective of characterizing the project site in general
geotechnical and geological terms and to evaluate subsequent field and laboratory data to assist in the
determination of geotechnical recommendations.

The subsurface conditions were explored by two borings drilled to a depth of 30 feet below the existing
site grade. A truck-mounted drill rig with solid stem continuous flight augers was utilized to drill the
borings.

The boring locations were determined by and identified in the field by ECS personnel using the site plan
provided by client. The approximate as-drilled boring locations are shown on the Boring Location Diagram
in Appendix A. The ground surface elevations noted in this report were obtained from the available public
data sources and may not be accurate enough for engineering purposes.

Representative soil samples were obtained by means of the split-barrel and Shelby tube sampling
procedures in general accordance with ASTM D1586 and D1587, respectively. In the split-barrel sampling
procedure, a 2-inch O.D., split-barrel sampler is driven into the soil a distance of 18 inches by means of a
140-pound hammer falling 30 inches. The number of blows required to drive the sampler through a
12-inch interval is termed the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) value and is indicated for each sample on
the boring log. In the Shelby tube sampling procedure, a thin-walled, steel, seamless tube with sharp
cutting edges is pushed hydraulically into the soil, and a relatively undisturbed sample is obtained.

Field logs of the soils encountered in the borings were maintained by the drill crew. After recovery, each
geotechnical soil sample was removed from the sampler and visually classified. Representative portion
of the soil samples were then wrapped in plastic and transported to our laboratory for further visual
examination and laboratory testing. After completion of the drilling operations, the boreholes were
backfilled with auger cuttings to the existing ground surface. After completion of the drilling operations,
the boreholes were backfilled with auger cuttings to the existing ground surface.
CLIENT: PROJECT NO.: BORING NO.: SHEET:
Golden Triangle Consul ng Engineers 43:2913 B-01 1 of 1
PROJECT NAME: DRILLER/CONTRACTOR:
Residen al Development - Ave L V&S
SITE LOCATION:
LOSS OF CIRCULATION
920 Avenue L, Galveston, Texas, 77550-1235
NORTHING: EASTING: STATION: SURFACE ELEVATION:
BOTTOM OF CASING
11
SAMPLE NUMBER

SAMPLE DIST. (IN)

ELEVATION (FT)
RECOVERY (IN)

WATER LEVELS
LIQUID LIMIT
SAMPLE TYPE
DEPTH (FT)

BLOWS/6"
PLASTIC LIMIT
STANDARD PENETRATION BLOWS/FT
DESCRIPTION OF MATERIAL 20 40 60 80 100 CALIBRATED PENETROMETER TSF
ROCK QUALITY DESIGNATION & 1 2 3 4 5
RECOVERY
WATER CONTENT %
RQD [FINES CONTENT] %
REC 10 20 30 40 50

(SP) POORLY GRADED SAND, Light

S-1 ST 24 24 Brown to Dark Brown, Loose to
Dense ,with Clay Pockets
2-2-4 5.5
S-2 SS 18 18 (6) 6 [3.5%]

5 6 2-3-4
S-3 SS 18 18 (7) 7 24.9

3-3-5
S-4 SS 18 18 (8) 8

3-5-5 .
31.5
S-5 SS 18 18 (10) 10 [3.22%]
10 1

7-11-12
S-6 SS 18 18 (23) 23
15 -4

11-11-15
S-7 SS 18 18 (26) 26
20 -9

9-15-19
S-8 SS 18 18 (34) 34
25 -14

11-16-20
S-9 SS 18 18 (36) 36
30 END OF BORING AT 30 FT
-19

THE STRATIFICATION LINES REPRESENT THE APPROXIMATE BOUNDARY LINES BETWEEN SOIL TYPES. IN-SITU THE TRANSITION MAY BE GRADUAL
WL (First Encountered) 10' BORING STARTED: Feb 27 2023 CAVE IN DEPTH:
WL (Comple on) 9' BORING
Feb 27 2023 HAMMER TYPE: Auto
WL (Seasonal High Water) COMPLETED:
EQUIPMENT: LOGGED BY: ASTM D1586
WL (Stabilized) DRILLING METHOD: ASTM D1587
Truck AJV
GEOTECHNICAL BOREHOLE LOG
CLIENT: PROJECT NO.: BORING NO.: SHEET:
Golden Triangle Consul ng Engineers 43:2913 B-02 1 of 1
PROJECT NAME: DRILLER/CONTRACTOR:
Residen al Development - Ave L V&S
SITE LOCATION:
LOSS OF CIRCULATION
920 Avenue L, Galveston, Texas, 77550-1235
NORTHING: EASTING: STATION: SURFACE ELEVATION:
BOTTOM OF CASING
12
SAMPLE NUMBER

SAMPLE DIST. (IN)

ELEVATION (FT)
RECOVERY (IN)

WATER LEVELS
LIQUID LIMIT
SAMPLE TYPE
DEPTH (FT)

BLOWS/6"
PLASTIC LIMIT
STANDARD PENETRATION BLOWS/FT
DESCRIPTION OF MATERIAL 20 40 60 80 100 CALIBRATED PENETROMETER TSF
ROCK QUALITY DESIGNATION & 1 2 3 4 5
RECOVERY
WATER CONTENT %
RQD [FINES CONTENT] %
REC 10 20 30 40 50

(SP) POORLY GRADED SAND, Light

S-1 ST 24 24 Brown to Dark Brown, Loose to
Medium Dense ,with Clay Pockets
5.2
2-2-2
S-2 SS 18 18 (4) 4

5 7 2-2-5
S-3 SS 18 18 (7) 7

3-3-5 28.7
S-4 SS 18 18 (8) 8 [4.9%]

3-4-6
S-5 SS 18 18 (10) 10
10 2

3-4-8
S-6 SS 18 18 (12) 12
15 -3

10-17-19
S-7 SS 18 18 (36) 36
20 -8

10-12-17
S-8 SS 18 18 (29) 29
25 -13

10-10-18
S-9 SS 18 18 (28) 28
30 END OF BORING AT 30 FT
-18

THE STRATIFICATION LINES REPRESENT THE APPROXIMATE BOUNDARY LINES BETWEEN SOIL TYPES. IN-SITU THE TRANSITION MAY BE GRADUAL
WL (First Encountered) 10' BORING STARTED: Feb 27 2023 CAVE IN DEPTH:
WL (Comple on) 10' BORING
Feb 27 2023 HAMMER TYPE: Auto
WL (Seasonal High Water) COMPLETED:
EQUIPMENT: LOGGED BY: ASTM D1586
WL (Stabilized) DRILLING METHOD: ASTM D1587
Truck AJV
GEOTECHNICAL BOREHOLE LOG
APPENDIX C – Laboratory Testing

Laboratory Testing Summary

 Laboratory Testing Summary
Page 1 of 1
Atterberg Limits3 Moisture - Density (Corr.)5
Percent
Start End Sample Organic
Sample Sample MC
1 Soil Passing CBR
Depth Depth Distance Maximum Optimum Content
Source Number (%) Type2 No. 200 Value6
(feet) (feet) (feet) LL PL PI Density Moisture (%)
Sieve4 (pcf) (%)

B-01 S-2 2.5 4.0 1.5 5.5 SP 3.5

B-01 S-3 4.5 6.0 1.5 24.9 SP NP
B-01 S-5 8.5 10.0 1.5 31.5 SP 3.2
B-02 S-2 2.5 4.0 1.5 5.2 SP NP
B-02 S-4 6.5 8.0 1.5 28.7 SP 4.9

Notes: 1. ASTM D 2216, 2. ASTM D 2487, 3. ASTM D 4318, 4. ASTM D 1140, 5. See test reports for test method, 6. See test reports for test method

Definitions: MC: Moisture Content, Soil Type: USCS (Unified Soil Classification System), LL: Liquid Limit, PL: Plastic Limit, PI: Plasticity Index, CBR: California Bearing Ration, OC: Organic Content (ASTM D 2974)

Project No.: 43:2913 ECS Southwest, LLP - Houston

Project Name: Residential Development - Ave L 1000 North Post Oak Road, Suite 240
PM: Rakib Ahmed Houston, TX 77055

PE: Shahed Rezwan Manzur Phone: 713-955-1980
Printed On: March 27, 2023 Fax: 281-520-4637