1

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region II – Cagayan Valley
Schools Division of Cauayan City
Cauayan City Stand-Alone Senior High School

“Difficulties Encountered by the ICT G12 Students in the Mastery of

Programming Language for Website Development”

A Research
Presented to
The Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
Cauayan City Stand Alone Senior High School
Cauayan City, Isabela

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion
In Humanities and Social Science Strand

DELEON, ANNA MARIE T. ARIZALA, JOHN MARK

BAUTISTA, JANIKA MARILAO, CEDRIC
BRANDON
DALUDDUNG, JHEZALEIGH
TACCAD, JAMES MATTEW
VERGARA, JUSTINE VON
TURINGAN, PETER JOHN
ELEGADO, JUSTINE
RAMOS, PATROCENIO
MADAYAG, FREDERICK
ARGOZA, ALAN JOSHUA
BULAN, RICHARD
PAJARILLAGA, VINCE

Address: P. Albano St., Barangay Turayong, Cauayan City, Isabela 3305

Contact No.: 0995-988-2914
Email Address: ccsashs01@gmail.com
Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/CCNHSSHS
 DON C. GALDONEZ
Research Adviser

May 04, 2023

TABLE OF CONTNETS
PAGE

TITLE PAGE............................................................................................................. i

Chapter 1 The Problem and Its Background

1.1 Background of the Study....................................................................................... i

1.2 Research Framework............................................................................................. i

1.3 Research Hypothesis.............................................................................................. i

1.4 Statement of the Problem....................................................................................... i

1.5 Significance of the Study....................................................................................... i

1.6 Scope and Delimitation of the Study..................................................................... i

1.7 Definition of Terms ...............................................................................................i

Chapter II Review of Related Literature and Studies

2.1 Foreign and Local Literature ............................................................................... i

2.2 Foreign and Local Studies ....................................................................................i

2.3 Synthesis ............................................................................................................. I

Chapter III Research Methodology

3.1. Research Design...................................................................................................i

3.2 Participants........................................................................................................... i
3.3 Research Instruments........................................................................................... i

3.4 Data Gathering Procedures...................................................................................i

3.5 Data Analysis....................................................................................................... i

3.6 Ethical Consideration .......................................................................................... i

References ................................................................................................................ i

CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the study

A programming language is a sort of computer language that programmers use

to write software programs, scripts, or other sets of instructions for computers to

execute. Despite these similarities, each language has its own syntax. After learning

the language's rules, grammar, and structure, a programmer writes the source code in

a text editor or integrated development environment (IDE). The code is then often

converted by the programmer into machine language that the computer can

understand. An interpreter is used to run scripts written in scripting languages that do

not require the usage of a compiler.

According to McGetrick (2005), Students, particularly beginners, struggle to

understand, track, write, and construct a simple code fragment. This causes pupils to

adopt the mentality of relying on others to finish the task at hand, and as a result, they

become lethargic, lack the confidence to learn, and just want pity from the lecturer.

As a result, the development of programming abilities is insufficient. Thus, it is

important to investigate the factors that lead to students' learning difficulties in

programming. The difficulties must be discovered to effectively assist them in

learning.

ConceptualFramework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Profile of the Analysis of data Difficulties

respondens through: encountered by
the G12 ICT
a. Age a. students in the
Questionnaires Mastery of
b. gender
Programming
b. Percentage
language
Distribution

Figure 1. The difficulties encountered by the G12 ICT students in the mastery of

programming language

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to identify the difficulties uncounted by the G12 ICT students

in the mastery of programming language on creating a website.

Specifically, this seeks answers to the following questions.

1. Profile of the respondents.

1.1. Gender

1.2. Age

1.3. Section
 2. .What are the level of student’s understanding on different topic on

programming?

3.What are the different nature of difficulties faced by the students while

learning programming?

4. What are the Factors that lead ICT students to poor performance in

Programming?

5. What are the difficulties encountered by the ICT students while learning

programming language?

Significance of the study

The purpose of this study is to determine the difficulties of ICT G12 Students

in Mastering of Programming language performing websites development.

Additionally, this can contribute to the body of knowledge on programming language

for Website development.

The students. This will help students themselves to acknowledge their difficulties

they may encounter in learning programming language for Website. Knowing these

difficulties, they can take proactive measures to address them, such as. Seeking

additional resources or asking for help from teachers and teachers peers.
The teachers. This can provide insight into the teachers in specific difficulties may

encountered by students in Mastering programming language and with this study, they

can develop appropriate teaching strategies to help students overcome these

difficulties and improve their Mastery of the programming language and help to guide

further research on this topic.

The programmers. This study will help developers to improve their skills on mastery

of Programming Language for Website Development. By addressing the difficulties

encountered by ICT G12 Students, they can develop better skills and competencies

that can enhance their career prospects in the ICT industry.

The future researcher. This work will provide them with guidance on how to

perform relevant research. Especially, the impact of online mobile video games on

stress management among students

Scope and Limitation

This study focuses on the Difficulties Encountered in the Mastery of

Programming Language for Website Development of Grade 12 ICT students at

Cauayan City Stand-Alone Senior High School. The data will be conducted to

randomly selected students of Grade 12 ICT in Cauayan City Stand-Alone Senior

High School who will respondent.

 However, this study will not cover other problems that are not considered as

an occlusion mastering computer language. Each of the respondents is given the same

questionnaire to answer. The result of this study will be applicable only to the

respondents of the study and will not be used as a measure their skill and academic

performance of the students who do not belong to the population of the study. The

main source of data will be the questionnaire, which is prepared by the researchers.

Definition of Terms

I.C.T. (Information Communication Technology). Refers to a set of skills and

knowledge related to the use of digital technologies in various fields.

Mastery. Refers to a level of expertise or proficiency in a particular skill or domain.

Programming Language. It is a set of instructions, commands and syntax rules used

to create computer software and applications.

Website Development. Process includes web design, web content development,

client-side/server-side scripting and network security configuration, among other

tasks.
 CHAPTER 2

RESEARCH FRAMEWORK

This chapter includes the ideas, finishes thesis, generalization, or conclusion.

Those included in this chapter help strengthen the claim and importance of this study.

The studies are subdivided into different parts:

Review of Related Literature

Programming Language

Programming language is a human-created language used to control the

behavior of a machine, most commonly a computer. Syntactic and semantic norms

establish structure and meaning in programming languages, like how they do in

human languages. Dr. Cheryl Frederick stated that the hope is that the computer

program will become such a widely adopted system that it will require long-term

support, particularly to extend its current functionality. However, programming is

unquestionably a difficult skill to master, and learning to program is equally difficult

(Jenkins, 2002).
 To learn how to program several skills are required, the most obvious of which

are problem-solving aptitude and basic math understanding. Jenkins (2002) also stated

that knowing how to use a computer is essential to write the software, building,

testing, and repairing bugs and that learning style and motivation are factors that

influence the learning process. Understanding the process of learning a first

programming language can help with the difficulty of creating more effective learning

environments (Garner, 2005), reducing the difficulties encountered by novices.

The study of Denny (2011), discovered that syntax errors are a barrier for

novices to programming, delaying feedback to students about the rationale of the code

written. The most common challenges, according to Cechinel et al., are the inability to

detect errors, design a program to solve a task and modularize code using functions

and procedures. A survey conducted by Lahtinen et al., shows that selection,

repetition, and variables were rated easy by both students and instructors. Yet,

students and instructors do not regard understanding concepts to be the most difficult

for programming novices. The most difficult issue is putting them into practice.

Moreover. according to Derus and Mohamad Ali (2012), one of the reasons

contributing to students' difficulty learning programming is the inability to visualize

the program state during code execution. As a result, visualization tools as learning

aids are appropriate to help students comprehend the implementation of the program

code, such as changes that occur at the place of the variable in the computer memory.

Synthesis

Several studies identify difficulties, complications, and common blunders,

particularly for novices. Our study aims to identify the many obstacles encountered by

G12 ICT students in learning programming language for website development. By

recognizing these difficulties, we can help learners improve their coding skills and

achieve success in programming.

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter includes the research design, sampling procedure, data gathering

procedure, the plan for data analysis, and ethical considerations.

Research design

This research study will utilize a quantitative method of research. The research

will attempt to describe the difficulties encountered by the G12 ICT students in the

mastery in programming language in website development. Thus, this study uses a

survey questionnaire which was adapted from existing instruments of the Phit-Hua

and Milne’s study, using a traditional pen and paper for the researcher to gather data

for the study.

Sampling Procedure
 To draw a valid conclusion from the findings, the researchers must carefully

consider how they will pick a sample that is representative of the entire group, known

as a sampling method (McConbes, 2022). Sampling means selecting the group that

you will collect data from in the research.

In this study the researchers will use a purposive sampling technique to

generate the sampling size of the research, the respondents will be chosen based on

the following criteria, respondents must be ICT G12 students and currently learning

programming language.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will obtain written approval from the school’s administrator

following the instrument’s validation. A survey questionnaire will use into the

collecting the data. To ensure the success of the study, the researchers will carefully

choose the respondents. The researchers will choose randomly from the respondents

by using a purposive random sampling. A total of 40 pupils will be chosen by the

researchers. The survey questionnaire was then given to the chosen respondents by

the researchers. Following the completion of the respondents’ response, the survey

forms were gathered. After that, computation and interpretation were done on the

questionnaires that had been collected.

Data Analysis

Quantitative research study determines the relationship between one thing and

another within a population (Babbie, 2010). Quantitative methods collect information

concerned with numbers and things that are measurable.

Measurements are very significant in quantitative methods since it establishes

the link between mathematical expressions and empirical observation of quantitative

relationship, therefore, tables, graphs and statistics ate mostly used in presentation of

the study results. Quantitative methods usually employ statistical methods which

comprise of data collection based on hypothesis whereby a big sample is involved on

contrary to qualitative methods. This calls for validation, verification and data

recording before analysis begins.

The data is analyzed through percentage frequency distribution, it is a type of

data percentage that shows the percentage of observations for each data point or

collection of data points. It is used in data analysis as a help in finding information on

discrete categories and collating statistical data. The formula for getting the data will

be , where P is the percentage, f is the frequency, n is the number

of respondents and 100 is the constant number.

Ethical Considerations

This study will be following the ethical consideration developed by Bryman and Bell

(2007). Regarding the attachment to this study, full consent will be applied from the

respondents. And in addition, the protection of the privacy of the research respondents

will be secured. Voluntary participation of respondents in the research will be treated

as very important and equitably and the same also respondents who agree to

participate.
REFERENCES:

[1] A. McGetrick, R. Borle, R. Ibbett, J. Llyod, G. Lovegrove, and K. Mander,

“Grand challenges in computing: Education-A Summary,” The Computer Journal,

vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 42–48, Jan. 2005.

[2] Jenkins, T. 2002. On the Difficulty of Learning to Program. ICS -

International Conference on Supercomputing. (2002).

[3] Garner, S. et al. 2005. My program is correct but it doesn’t run: A preliminary

investigation of novice programmers’ problems. Conferences in Research and

Practice in Information Technology Series. 42, (2005), 173–180.

[4] Denny, P. et al. 2011. Understanding the syntax barrier for novices.

Proceedings of the 16th ACM conference on Innovation and technology in computer

science education - ITiCSE ’11. (2011), 208.

[5] Siti Rosminah MD Derus, Ahmad Zamzuri Mohamad Ali “Difficulties in

learning programming: Views of students” Faculty of Art, Computing and Creative

Industry Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris 35900, Tanjong Malim, Perak Malaysia.

(2012).
 APPENDIX

Dear Participants,

We, the researchers from Grade 12 TVL-C, is conducting a study with a

purpose to know the difficulties Encountered by the ICT G12 students in the
mastery of programming language for website development. We, researchers,
would like to gather information from you, Grade 12 TVL-C student of
Cauayan City Stand-Alone Senior High School.

Thus, may we request for about 10 minutes for your time to answer this
survey about the topic that is mentioned above. We assure you that your
personal information will be confidential in any circumstances to the public.
We do not foresee any risks or discomfort from your participation in the
research.

Your participation in the study is completely voluntary and you may

choose to stop participating at any time. In the event you withdraw from the
study, all associated data collected will be immediately destroyed wherever
possible.

Thank you so much for taking the time to read this consent.
 “Difficulties Encountered by the ICT G12 Students in the Mastery of Programming

Language for Website Development”

Name (optional):

Gender: Age:

Section:

Instruction: Circle the correct numeric response to each question

I. Level of understanding of different topics of the programming subject

Survey Scale: 1 = not understand at all, 2 = not understand,

3 = sometimes understand, 4 = understand, 5 = very understand

1. Introduction to Database System

1 2 3 4 5

2. Introduction to SQL
1 2 3 4 5
3. Basic Data Operation in SQL (ex.
summarizing, eliminating duplicates
etc. ) 1 2 3 4 5

4. Table normalization
1 2 3 4 5

5. Database and table manipulation (ex.

Insert into Statement, Update statement,
Delete Statement) 1 2 3 4 5
6. SQL view (ex. Create view, Update
view, Drop view)
1 2 3 4 5

II. Difficulty while learning programming

Survey Scale: 1 = not understand at all, 2 = not understand,

3 = sometimes understand, 4 = understand, 5 = very understand

1. Understanding the basic concepts of

programming structure.
1 2 3 4 5
2. Designing a program to solve certain
tasks.
1 2 3 4 5
3. Learning the programming language
syntax.
1 2 3 4 5
4. Gaining access to a computer.
1 2 3 4 5
5. Using program development
environment.
1 2 3 4 5

6. Finding bugs from my own program.

1 2 3 4 5

III. Factors that lead to poor performance of students in learning programming

 Survey Scale: 1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree,

3 = neutral, 4 = agree, 5 = strongly agree

1. Less examples of practical use are

shown.
1 2 3 4 5
2. Computers provided in labs are not
functioning well.
1 2 3 4 5
3. Teaching methodology is less
effective.
1 2 3 4 5
4. Presentation of instructs and their
attention on students.
1 2 3 4 5
5. Student’s lack of interest to learn.
1 2 3 4 5
6. Learning environment that is not
conducive.
1 2 3 4 5